Connect iPod shuffle to your computer to load songs and other audio files, and to charge the battery. Disconnect iPod shuffle when youre done.

Connecting iPod shuffle

To connect iPod shuffle to your computer: m Plug the included iPod shuffle Dock into a USB port on your computer. Then put iPod shuffle in the Dock. Note: Connect the Dock to a high-power USB port to charge the battery. A USB 2.0 port is recommended. Do not use the USB port on your keyboard.
The first time you connect iPod shuffle to your computer, the iPod Setup Assistant helps you configure iPod shuffle and sync it with your iTunes library. Important: Once youve synced iPod shuffle with the iTunes library on a computer, a message appears whenever you connect iPod shuffle to another computer, asking if you want to sync with the iTunes library on the new computer. Click Cancel if you want to keep the current music content on iPod shuffle. Or, click Transfer Purchases to keep the contents on iPod shuffle and copy the purchased songs on it to the iTunes library on the new computer. See iTunes Help for more information.
Disconnecting iPod shuffle
Its important not to disconnect iPod shuffle from your computer while audio files are being loaded or when iPod shuffle is being used as an external disk. You can see if its OK to disconnect iPod shuffle by looking at the top of the iTunes window or by checking the iPod shuffle status light. Important: If you see the Do not disconnect message in iTunes or if the status light on iPod shuffle is blinking orange, you must eject iPod shuffle before disconnecting it. Otherwise, you could damage files on iPod shuffle. If you enable iPod shuffle for disk use (see page 19), you must always eject iPod shuffle before disconnecting it.
To eject iPod shuffle: m In iTunes, click the Eject (C) button next to iPod shuffle in the Source pane. If youre using a Mac, you can also eject iPod shuffle by dragging the iPod shuffle icon on the desktop to the Trash. If youre using a Windows PC, you can also eject iPod shuffle by clicking the Safely Remove Hardware icon in the Windows system tray and selecting iPod shuffle. To disconnect iPod shuffle: m Remove iPod shuffle from the dock.

Charging the Battery

iPod shuffle has an internal, rechargeable battery. For best results, charge the battery fully the first time you use iPod shuffle. A depleted battery can be 80-percent charged in about two hours and fully charged in about four hours. If iPod shuffle isnt used for a while, the battery might need to be recharged. To charge the battery using your computer: m Connect iPod shuffle to a high-power USB port on your computer using the included iPod shuffle Dock. The computer must be turned on and not in sleep mode (some models of Macintosh can charge iPod shuffle while in sleep mode). When the battery is charging, the status light on iPod shuffle is orange. When the battery is fully charged, the status light turns green. Note: If iPod shuffle is being used as a disk (see page 19) or if iTunes is loading songs or settings onto iPod shuffle, the status light blinks orange to let you know that you must eject iPod shuffle before disconnecting it. If you dont see the status light, iPod shuffle might not be connected to a high-power USB port. Try another USB port on your computer. Note: You can load music while the battery is charging. If you want to charge iPod shuffle when youre away from your computer, you can connect iPod shuffle to an iPod USB Power Adapter, available at www.apple.com.

About iTunes

iTunes is the software you use to sync music, audiobooks, and podcasts with iPod shuffle. When you connect iPod shuffle to your computer, iTunes opens automatically. This guide explains how to use iTunes to import songs and other audio to your computer, create personal compilations of your favorite songs (called playlists), load iPod shuffle, and adjust iPod shuffle settings. iTunes also has many other features. For information, open iTunes and choose Help > iTunes Help.
Importing Music into Your iTunes Library
To listen to music on iPod shuffle, you first need to get that music into your iTunes library on your computer.
There are three ways to get music into your iTunes library: Buy music and audiobooks or download podcasts online from the iTunes Store. Import music from audio CDs. Add music and other audio thats already on your computer.
Buying Songs and Downloading Podcasts Using the iTunes Store
If you have an Internet connection, you can easily purchase and download songs, albums, and audiobooks online using the iTunes Store. You can also subscribe to and download podcasts, radio-style audio shows. To purchase music online using the iTunes Store, you set up an Apple account in iTunes, find the songs you want, and then buy them. If you already have an Apple account, or if you have an America Online (AOL) account (available in some countries only), you can use that account to sign in to the iTunes Store and buy songs. To sign in to the iTunes Store: m Open iTunes and then: If you already have an iTunes account, choose Store > Sign In. If you dont already have an iTunes account, choose Store > Create Account and follow the onscreen instructions to set up an Apple account or enter your existing Apple account or AOL account information. To find songs, audiobooks, and podcasts: You can browse or search the iTunes Store to find the album, song, or artist youre looking for. Open iTunes and click iTunes Store in the Source pane. To browse the iTunes Store, choose a music genre from the Choose Genre pop-up menu, click one of the displayed releases or songs, or click Browse in the main iTunes Store window. To browse for podcasts, click the Podcasts link in the main iTunes Store window. To search the iTunes Store, type the name of an album, song, artist, or composer in the Search iTunes Store field.
Chapter 2 Loading and Playing Music
To narrow your search, type something in the Search iTunes Store field, press Return or Enter on your keyboard, and then click items in the Search Bar. For example, to narrow your search to song titles and albums, click MUSIC. To search for a combination of items, click Power Search in the iTunes Store window. To return to the main page of the iTunes Store, click the Home button in the top-left corner of the main iTunes Store window. To buy a song, album, or audiobook: 1 Click iTunes Store in the Source pane, and then find the item you want to buy. You can double-click a song or other item to listen to a portion of it and make sure its what you want. 2 Click Buy Song, Buy Album, or Buy Book. The item is downloaded to your computer and charged to the credit card listed in your Apple or AOL account. To download or subscribe to a podcast: 1 Click iTunes Store in the Source pane. 2 Click the Podcasts link on the left side of the main page in the iTunes Store. 3 Browse for the podcast you want to download. To download a single podcast episode, click the Get Episode button next to the episode. To subscribe to a podcast, click the Subscribe button next to the podcast graphic. iTunes downloads the most recent episode. As new episodes become available, they are automatically downloaded to iTunes when you connect to the Internet.

Organizing Your Music

Using iTunes, you can organize songs and other items into lists, called playlists, in any way you want. For example, you can make playlists with songs to listen to while exercising or playlists with songs for a particular mood. You can also make Smart Playlists that update automatically based on rules you choose. When you add songs to iTunes that match the rules, they automatically get added to the Smart Playlist.
You can make as many playlists as you like using any of the songs in your iTunes library. Adding a song to a playlist or later removing it doesnt remove it from your iTunes library. To make a playlist in iTunes: 1 Click the Add () button or choose File > New Playlist. 2 Type a name for the playlist. 3 Click Music in the LIBRARY list, and then drag a song or other item to the playlist. To select multiple songs, hold down the Shift key or the Command (x) key on a Mac, or the Shift key or the Control key on a Windows PC, as you click each song. To make a Smart Playlist: m Choose File > New Smart Playlist and define the rules for your playlist.
Loading Music onto iPod shuffle
After your music is imported and organized in iTunes, you can easily load it onto iPod shuffle.
You set how music is loaded from iTunes onto iPod shuffle by connecting iPod shuffle to your computer, selecting iPod shuffle in the Source pane, and configuring options at the bottom of the Contents pane. Additional options for loading music and using iPod shuffle appear in the Settings pane.

Autofilling iPod shuffle

iTunes can automatically load a selection of your songs onto iPod shuffle with the click of a button. You can choose your entire library or a specific playlist to gets songs from, and set other options for Autofill. To autofill music onto iPod shuffle: 1 Connect iPod shuffle to your computer. 2 Select iPod shuffle from the list of devices in the Source pane. 3 Click the Contents tab.
4 Choose the playlist you want to autofill from using the pop-up menu. To autofill music from your entire library, choose Music. 5 Select which of the following options you want: Choose items randomly: iTunes shuffles the order of songs as it loads them onto iPod shuffle. If this option is not selected, iTunes downloads songs in the order they appear in your library or selected playlist. Choose higher rated items more often: iTunes autofills the songs you listen to most. Replace all items when Autofilling: iTunes replaces the songs on iPod shuffle with the new songs youve chosen. If this option is not selected, songs youve already loaded onto iPod shuffle remain and iTunes selects more songs to fill the available space. 6 Click Autofill. While music is being loaded from iTunes onto iPod shuffle, the iTunes status window shows the progress. When the autofill is done, a message in iTunes says iPod update is complete. Limiting Autofill to Items Checked in Your iTunes Library You can set iTunes to autofill only items that are checked in your iTunes library. Items that youve deselected will be ignored. To limit autofill to checked items: 1 Connect iPod shuffle to your computer. 2 When iPod shuffle appears in the iTunes window, select it. 3 Click the Settings tab. 4 Select Only update checked songs. 5 Click Apply.

Loading Songs, Audiobooks, and Podcasts Manually
You can load songs and playlists onto iPod shuffle manually. If you want to load audiobooks and podcasts onto iPod shuffle, you must load them manually. To load a song or other item onto iPod shuffle: 1 Connect iPod shuffle to your computer. 2 In iTunes, select your library or a playlist in the Source pane. 3 Drag the song or other item to the iPod shuffle in the Source pane. You can also drag entire playlists to load them onto iPod shuffle.
Arranging the Order of Songs on iPod shuffle
Once songs are loaded onto iPod shuffle, you can arrange the order of the songs in the same way you can with any playlist in iTunes. To arrange the order of songs on iPod shuffle: 1 Connect iPod shuffle to your computer. 2 In iTunes, select iPod shuffle in the Source pane. 3 Click the Contents tab. 4 Click the blank header above the first column to arrange the songs by number. 5 Drag the songs to the order you want.
Fitting More Songs onto iPod shuffle
If youve imported songs into iTunes at higher bit-rate formats, such as AIFF, you can set iTunes to automatically convert songs to 128 kbps AAC files as they are loaded onto iPod shuffle. This does not affect the quality or size of the songs in iTunes. Note: Songs in formats not supported by iPod shuffle, such as Apple Lossless, must be converted if you want to load them onto iPod shuffle. For more information about formats supported by iPod shuffle, see If you cant load a song or other item onto iPod shuffle on page 24. To convert higher bit rate songs to AAC files: 1 Connect iPod shuffle to your computer. 2 In iTunes, select iPod shuffle in the Source pane. 3 Click the Settings tab. 4 Select Convert higher bit rate songs to 128 kbps AAC. 5 Click Apply.
Removing Songs and Other Items from iPod shuffle
You can have iTunes automatically replace items on iPod shuffle when you load items using Autofill. You can also remove items from iPod shuffle manually. To automatically replace items on iPod shuffle when autofilling: 1 Connect iPod shuffle to your computer. 2 In iTunes, select iPod shuffle in the Source pane. 3 Select the Contents tab. 4 Make sure Replace all items when Autofilling is selected. To remove a song or other item from iPod shuffle: 1 Connect iPod shuffle to your computer. 2 In iTunes, select iPod shuffle in the Source pane.
3 Select a song or other item on iPod shuffle and press the Delete or Backspace key on your keyboard. Manually removing a song or other item from iPod shuffle does not delete the song from your iTunes library.

Playing Music

After you load iPod shuffle with music and other audio, you can listen to it. To listen to the songs and other items on iPod shuffle: 1 Plug the earphones into iPod shuffle and place the earbuds in your ears. 2 Press Play/Pause (). Press Volume Up () or Volume Down (D) to adjust the volume. Take care not to turn the volume up too high. See Setting a Volume Limit on page 17. WARNING: Read all safety instructions about avoiding hearing damage on page 28 before use. For a summary of the iPod shuffle controls, see Using the iPod shuffle Controls on page 4. Note: If youre listening to an audiobook, set the shuffle switch to repeat () so that the chapters play in order.

Setting iPod shuffle to Shuffle Songs or Play Songs in Order
You can set iPod shuffle to shuffle songs or play them in order. To set iPod shuffle to shuffle: m Slide the shuffle switch to shuffle (). To reshuffle songs, press Play/Pause () three times quickly. To set iPod shuffle to play songs in order: m Slide the shuffle switch to repeat (). To return to the first song, press Play/Pause () three times quickly.
Setting Songs to Play at the Same Volume Level
The loudness of songs and other audio may vary depending on how the audio was recorded or encoded. iTunes can automatically adjust the volume of songs, so they play at the same relative volume level. You can set iPod shuffle to use the iTunes volume settings.
To set iTunes to play songs at the same sound level: 1 In iTunes, choose iTunes > Preferences if you are using a Mac, or choose Edit > Preferences if you are using a Windows PC. 2 Click Playback and select Sound Check. To set iPod shuffle to use the iTunes volume settings: 1 Connect iPod shuffle to your computer. 2 In iTunes, select iPod shuffle in the Source pane. 3 Click the Settings tab. 4 Select Enable Sound Check. 5 Click Apply. Important: If you have not turned on Sound Check in iTunes, setting it on iPod shuffle has no effect.

Setting a Volume Limit

You can set a limit for the volume on iPod shuffle. You can also set a password in iTunes to prevent this setting from being changed by someone else. If youve set a volume limit on iPod shuffle, the status light blinks orange three times if you try to increase the volume beyond the limit. To set a volume limit for iPod shuffle: 1 Set iPod shuffle to the desired maximum volume. 2 Connect iPod shuffle to your computer. 3 In iTunes, select iPod shuffle in the Source pane. 4 Click the Settings tab. 5 Select Limit maximum volume. 6 Drag the slider to the desired maximum volume. The initial slider setting shows the volume the iPod shuffle was set to when you selected the Limit maximum volume checkbox. 7 To require a password to change this setting, click the lock and enter a password. If you set a password, you must enter it before you can change or remove the volume limit. Note: The volume level may vary if you use different earphones or headphones.
To remove the volume limit: 1 Connect iPod shuffle to your computer. 2 In iTunes, select iPod shuffle in the Source pane. 3 Click the Settings tab. 4 Deselect Limit maximum volume. Enter the password, if required. Note: If you forget the password, you can restore iPod shuffle. See Updating and Restoring iPod shuffle Software on page 26 for more information.
Disabling and Enabling the iPod shuffle Buttons
You can disable the buttons on iPod shuffle so that nothing happens if they are pressed accidentally. To disable the iPod shuffle buttons: m Press and hold Play/Pause () for three seconds. The status light glows green, and then blinks orange three times when the buttons become disabled. If you press a button when the buttons are disabled, the status light blinks orange once. To reenable the buttons: m Press and hold Play/Pause () again for three seconds. The status light glows orange, and then blinks green three times when the buttons become enabled.

Storing Files on iPod shuffle
Use iPod shuffle to carry your data as well as your music.
Read this chapter to find out how to use iPod shuffle as an external disk.
Using iPod shuffle as an External Disk
You can use iPod shuffle as an external disk to store data files. Note: To load iPod shuffle with music and other audio that you want to listen to, you must use iTunes. You cannot play audio files that you copy to iPod shuffle using the Macintosh Finder or Windows Explorer. To enable iPod shuffle as an external disk: 1 Connect iPod shuffle to your computer. 2 In iTunes, select iPod shuffle in the Source pane. 3 Click the Settings tab. 4 In the Options section, select Enable disk use. Note: You may need to scroll down to see the disk settings. 5 Adjust the slider to set how much space to reserve for songs versus data. 6 Click Apply. When you use iPod shuffle as an external disk, the iPod shuffle disk icon appears on the desktop on the Mac, or as the next available drive letter in Windows Explorer on a Windows PC.
Transferring Files Between Computers
When you enable disk use on iPod shuffle, you can transfer files from one computer to another. iPod shuffle is formatted as a FAT-32 volume, which is supported by both Macs and PCs. This allows you to use iPod shuffle to transfer files between computers with different operating systems.
To transfer files between computers: 1 After enabling disk use on iPod shuffle, connect it to the computer you want to get files from. Important: When you connect iPod shuffle to a different computer (or different user account on your computer), a message asks if you want to erase iPod shuffle and sync with the new iTunes library there. Click Cancel if you dont want to delete the current music content on iPod shuffle. 2 Using the computers file system (the Finder on a Mac, Windows Explorer on a PC), drag the files you want to your iPod shuffle. 3 Disconnect iPod shuffle, and then connect it to the other computer. Again, click Cancel if you dont want to delete the current music contents on iPod shuffle. 4 Drag the files from iPod shuffle to a disk on the new computer.
Preventing iTunes from Opening Automatically
You can keep iTunes from opening automatically when you connect iPod shuffle to your computer. To prevent iTunes from opening automatically: 1 Connect iPod shuffle to your computer. 2 In iTunes, select iPod shuffle in the Source pane. 3 Click the Settings tab. 4 In the Options section, deselect Open iTunes when this iPod is connected. 5 Click Apply.

Chapter 3 Storing Files on iPod shuffle

iPod shuffle Accessories

iPod shuffle comes with earphones and an iPod shuffle Dock.
Learn about your Apple earphones, the iPod shuffle Dock, and other accessories available for iPod shuffle.

Apple Earphones

iPod shuffle comes with a pair of high-quality earphones. To use the earphones: m Plug the earphones into the Headphones port. Then place the earbuds in your ears as shown.
The earphones cord is adjustable.
WARNING: Read all safety instructions about avoiding hearing damage on page 28 before use.

iPod shuffle Dock

iPod shuffle comes with an iPod shuffle (2nd Generation) Dock, which you use to connect iPod shuffle to your computer and other USB devices. See Connecting and Disconnecting iPod shuffle on page 5.
The iPod USB Power Adapter is an optional accessory that allows you to charge iPod shuffle when youre away from your computer.

Available Accessories

To purchase iPod shuffle accessories, go to www.apple.com/ipodstore. Available accessories include: Apple iPod In-Ear Headphones iPod shuffle (2nd Generation) Dock iPod USB Power Adapter
Chapter 4 iPod shuffle Accessories

Tips and Troubleshooting

Most problems with iPod shuffle can be solved quickly by following the advice in this chapter.
The 5 Rs: Reset, Retry, Restart, Reinstall, Restore
Remember these five basic suggestions if you have a problem with iPod shuffle. Try these steps one at a time until the problem is resolved. If one of the following doesnt help, read on for solutions to specific problems. Reset iPod shuffle by turning it off, waiting five seconds, and then turning it back on again. Retry with a different USB port if you cannot see iPod shuffle in iTunes. Restart your computer, and make sure you have the latest software updates installed. Reinstall iTunes software from the latest version on the web. Restore iPod shuffle. See Updating and Restoring iPod shuffle Software on page 26. If iPod shuffle wont turn on or respond If the status light blinks orange when you press a button, the iPod shuffle buttons are disabled. Press and hold Play/Pause () for about three seconds, until the status light blinks green. Connect iPod shuffle to a high-power USB port on your computer. Your iPod shuffle battery may need to be recharged. Turn iPod shuffle off, wait five seconds, and then turn it on again. You may need to restore iPod shuffle software. See Updating and Restoring iPod shuffle Software on page 26.
If iPod shuffle isnt playing music Make sure the earphone or headphone connector is pushed in all the way. Make sure the volume is adjusted properly. A volume limit might be set. See Setting a Volume Limit on page 17. iPod shuffle might be paused. Try pressing Play/Pause (). If you connect iPod shuffle to your computer and nothing happens Connect iPod shuffle to a high-power USB port on your computer. iPod shuffle may need to be recharged. Make sure you have installed the latest iTunes software from www.apple.com/ipod/start. Try connecting to a different USB port on your computer. Make sure iPod shuffle is firmly seated in the dock. Make sure the USB connector is oriented correctly. It can be inserted only one way. iPod shuffle might need to be reset. Turn iPod shuffle off, wait five seconds, and then turn it back on again. If there is no status light (or the status light is dimmed) and iPod shuffle doesnt appear in iTunes or the Finder, the battery may be completely discharged. Let iPod shuffle charge for several minutes to see if it comes back to life. Make sure you have the required computer and software. See If you want to doublecheck the system requirements on page 25. Try restarting your computer. If none of the previous suggestions solves the problem, you might need to restore iPod software. See Updating and Restoring iPod shuffle Software on page 26. If restoring iPod shuffle doesnt solve the problem, iPod shuffle may need to be repaired. You can arrange for service on the iPod shuffle Service & Support website at www.apple.com/support/ipodshuffle/service. If songs load slowly Connect iPod shuffle to a USB 2.0 port on your computer for fast loading speeds. USB 2.0 loads songs and data faster than USB 1.1. If you cant load a song or other item onto iPod shuffle The song might have been encoded in a format that iPod shuffle doesnt support. The following audio file formats are supported by iPod shuffle. These include formats for audiobooks and podcasts: AAC (M4A, M4B, M4P) (up to 320 kbps) MP3 (up to 320 kbps) MP3 Variable Bit Rate (VBR) WAV AA (audible.com spoken word, formats 2, 3, and 4) AIFF

Updating and Restoring iPod shuffle Software
You can use iTunes to update or restore the iPod shuffle software. It is recommended that you update iPod shuffle to use the latest software. You can also restore the software, which returns iPod shuffle to its original state. If you choose to update, the software is updated but your settings and songs are not affected. If you choose to restore, all data is erased from iPod shuffle, including songs and any other data. All iPod shuffle settings are restored to their original state. To update or restore iPod shuffle: 1 Make sure you have an Internet connection and have installed the latest version of iTunes from www.apple.com/ipod/start. 2 Connect iPod shuffle to your computer. 3 In iTunes, select iPod shuffle in the Source pane and click the Settings tab. The Version section tells you whether iPod shuffle is up to date or needs a newer version of the software. 4 Do one of the following: To install the latest version of the software, click Update. To restore iPod shuffle to its original settings, click Restore. This erases all data from iPod shuffle. Follow the onscreen instructions to complete the restore process.

Safety and Handling

This chapter contains important safety and handling information for iPod shuffle.
Read all safety information below and operating instructions before using iPod shuffle to avoid injury.
Keep this features guide for your iPod shuffle handy for future reference.
Important Safety Information
WARNING: Failure to follow these safety instructions could result in fire, electric shock, or other injury or damage. Handling iPod shuffle Do not bend, drop, crush, puncture, incinerate, or open iPod shuffle. Avoiding water and wet locations Do not use iPod shuffle in rain or near washbasins, or other wet locations. Take care not to spill any food or liquid into iPod shuffle. In case iPod shuffle gets wet, unplug all cables and turn iPod shuffle off before cleaning, and allow it to dry thoroughly before turning it on again. Repairing iPod shuffle Never attempt to repair iPod shuffle yourself. iPod shuffle does not contain any user-serviceable parts. For service information, choose iPod Help from the Help menu in iTunes or go to www.apple.com/support/ipod/service. The battery in iPod shuffle is not user-replaceable. For more information about batteries, go to www.apple.com/batteries.
Using the iPod USB Power Adapter (available separately) If you use the iPod USB Power Adapter (sold separately at www.apple.com/ipodstore) to charge iPod shuffle, make sure that the power adapter is fully assembled before you plug it into a power outlet. Then insert the iPod USB Power Adapter firmly into the power outlet. Do not connect or disconnect the iPod USB Power Adapter with wet hands. Do not use any power adapter other than the Apple iPod USB Power Adapter to charge your iPod shuffle. The iPod USB Power Adapter may become warm during normal use. Always allow adequate ventilation around the iPod USB Power Adapter and use care when handling. Unplug the iPod USB Power Adapter if any of the following conditions exist: The power cord or plug has become frayed or damaged. The adapter is exposed to rain or excessive moisture. The adapter case has become damaged. You suspect the adapter needs service or repair. You want to clean the adapter. Avoiding hearing damage Permanent hearing loss may occur if earbuds or headphones are used at high volume. Set the volume to a safe level. You can adapt over time to a higher volume of sound that may sound normal but can be damaging to your hearing. If you experience ringing in your ears or muffled speech, stop listening and have your hearing checked. The louder the volume, the less time is required before your hearing could be affected. Hearing experts suggest that to protect your hearing: Limit the amount of time you use earbuds or headphones at high volume. Avoid turning up the volume to block out noisy surroundings. Turn the volume down if you cant hear people speaking near you. For information about how to set a volume limit on iPod shuffle, see Setting a Volume Limit on page 17. Using headphones safely Use of headphones while operating a vehicle is not recommended and is illegal in some areas. Be careful and attentive while driving. Stop using iPod shuffle if you find it disruptive or distracting while operating any type of vehicle or performing any other activity that requires your full attention.

Chapter 6 Safety and Handling
Important Handling Information
NOTICE: Failure to follow these handling instructions could result in damage to iPod shuffle or other property. Carrying iPod shuffle iPod shuffle contains sensitive components. Do not bend, drop, or crush iPod shuffle. Using connectors and ports Never force a connector into a port. Check for obstructions on the port. If the connector and port dont join with reasonable ease, they probably dont match. Make sure that the connector matches the port and that you have positioned the connector correctly in relation to the port. Keeping iPod shuffle within acceptable temperatures Operate iPod shuffle in a place where the temperature is always between 0 and 35 C (32 to 95 F). iPod play time might temporarily shorten in low-temperature conditions. Store iPod shuffle in a place where the temperature is always between -20 and 45 C (-4 to 113 F). Dont leave iPod shuffle in your car, because temperatures in parked cars can exceed this range. When youre using iPod shuffle or charging the battery, it is normal for iPod shuffle to get warm. The exterior of iPod shuffle functions as a cooling surface that transfers heat from inside the unit to the cooler air outside. Keeping the outside of iPod shuffle clean To clean iPod shuffle, remove it from the dock and turn iPod shuffle off. Then use a soft, slightly damp, lint-free cloth. Avoid getting moisture in openings. Dont use window cleaners, household cleaners, aerosol sprays, solvents, alcohol, ammonia, or abrasives to clean iPod shuffle. Disposing of iPod shuffle properly For information about the proper disposal of iPod shuffle, including other important regulatory compliance information, see Regulatory Compliance Information on page 31.
Learning More, Service, and Support
You can find more information about using iPod shuffle in onscreen help and on the web.
The following table describes where to get iPod-related software and service information.
To learn about Service and support, discussions, tutorials, and Apple software downloads Using iTunes Do this Go to: www.apple.com/support/ipodshuffle
Open iTunes and choose Help > iTunes Help. For an online iTunes tutorial (available in some areas only), go to: www.apple.com/ilife/tutorials/itunes Go to: www.apple.com/ipodshuffle To register iPod shuffle, install iTunes on your computer and connect iPod shuffle. Look on the notch underneath the clip on iPod shuffle. Or, in iTunes (with iPod shuffle connected to your computer), select iPod shuffle in the Source pane and click the Settings tab. First follow the advice in this booklet, the onscreen help, and online resources, and then go to: www.apple.com/support/ipodshuffle/service

The latest information about iPod shuffle Registering iPod shuffle Finding the iPod shuffle serial number Obtaining warranty service
Regulatory Compliance Information

FCC Compliance Statement

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected. If necessary, consult an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple. See the service and support information that came with your Apple product. Or, consult an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. Important: Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by Apple Inc. could void the EMC compliance and negate your authority to operate the product. This product was tested for EMC compliance under conditions that included the use of Apple peripheral devices and Apple shielded cables and connectors between system components. It is important that you use Apple peripheral devices and shielded cables and connectors between system components to reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios, television sets, and other electronic devices. You can obtain Apple peripheral devices and the proper shielded cables and connectors through an Apple Authorized Reseller. For non-Apple peripheral devices, contact the manufacturer or dealer for assistance. Responsible party (contact for FCC matters only): Apple Inc. Product Compliance, 1 Infinite Loop M/S 26-A, Cupertino, CA 95014-2084, 408-974-2000.
Radio and Television Interference
This computer equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and used properlythat is, in strict accordance with Apples instructionsit may cause interference with radio and television reception. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. You can determine whether your computer system is causing interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral devices. If your computer system does cause interference to radio or television reception, try to correct the interference by using one or more of the following measures: Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops. Move the computer to one side or the other of the television or radio. Move the computer farther away from the television or radio. Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio. (That is, make certain the computer and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)

Industry Canada Statement
This Class B device meets all requirements of the Canadian interference-causing equipment regulations. Cet appareil numrique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du Rglement sur le matriel brouilleur du Canada.

VCCI Class B Statement

Korea Class B Statement

Russia

European UnionDisposal Information:

European Community

Complies with European Directives 2006/95/EEC and 89/336/EEC.
Disposal and Recycling Information
Your iPod contains a battery. Dispose of your iPod according to your local environmental laws and guidelines. For information about Apples recycling program, go to: www.apple.com/environment Deutschland: Dieses Gert enthlt Batterien. Bitte nicht in den Hausmll werfen. Entsorgen Sie dieses Gertes am Ende seines Lebenszyklus entsprechend der mageblichen gesetzlichen Regelungen. China:
This symbol means that according to local laws and regulations your product should be disposed of separately from household waste. When this product reaches its end of life, take it to a collection point designated by local authorities. Some collection points accept products for free. The separate collection and recycling of your product at the time of disposal will help conserve natural resources and ensure that it is recycled in a manner that protects human health and the environment.
Apple and the Environment
At Apple, we recognize our responsibility to minimize the environmental impacts of our operations and products. For more information, go to: www.apple.com/environment
Nederlands: Gebruikte batterijen kunnen worden ingeleverd bij de chemokar of in een speciale batterijcontainer voor klein chemisch afval (kca) worden gedeponeerd.
2007 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Apple, the Apple logo, FireWire, iPod, iTunes, Mac, Macintosh, and Mac OS are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Finder and Shuffle are trademarks of Apple Inc. Apple Store is a service mark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products. All understandings, agreements, or warranties, if any, take place directly between the vendors and the prospective users. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for printing or clerical errors. 019-0996/6-2007

Taiwan:

AAC, converting songs to 15 albums, purchasing 11 Apple earphones 21 arranging the order of tracks 15 audiobooks listening to 16 purchasing 11 audiobooks, loading 14 audio file formats 24 autofilling 14
converting songs to AAC files 15 converting unprotected WMA files 25
data files, storing on iPod shuffle 19 deleting songs 15 disabling iPod shuffle buttons 4, 18 disconnecting iPod shuffle about 5 during music update 5 eject first 5 instructions 6 disk, using iPod shuffle as 19 downloading podcasts 11
battery charge status 6 charging 6, 23 rechargeable 7 replacement information 27 status 7 bit rate 15 browsing iTunes Store 10 buttons 4 disabling and enabling 4, 18
earphones See also headphones using 21 Eject button in iTunes 6 ejecting iPod shuffle before disconnecting 5 enabling iPod shuffle buttons 4, 18 entering song information manually 12 external disk, using iPod shuffle as 19
CDs, importing into iTunes 11 charging the battery about 6, 23 using the iPod USB Power Adapter 7 using your computer 6 compressing songs 15 computer charging the battery 6 connecting iPod shuffle 5 problems connecting iPod shuffle 24 requirements 25 connecting iPod shuffle about 5 charging the battery 6 controls See also buttons using 4
fast-forwarding 4 features of iPod shuffle 3 fitting more songs onto iPod shuffle 15 formats, audio file 24
getting help 30 getting started with iPod shuffle 25 going to the first track 4
headphones, using 21 Headphones port 4 hearing damage, avoiding 28 help, getting 30 higher bit rate songs 15
high-power USB port 5, 6, 23, 24, 25
importing CDs into iTunes 11 iPod USB Power Adapter 6, 22, 28 iTunes ejecting iPod shuffle 6 getting help 30 importing CDs 11 iTunes Store 10 setting not to open automatically 20 version required 25 iTunes Library, adding songs 12 iTunes Store browsing 10 downloading podcasts 11 purchasing audiobooks 11 purchasing songs and albums 11 searching 10 signing in 10
high-power USB 5, 6, 23, 24, 25 troubleshooting iPod shuffle connection 24 USB 5, 23, 24 USB 2.0 24, 25 USB on keyboard 5 power adapter 22 Power Search in iTunes Store 11 power switch 4 preventing iTunes from opening automatically 20 problems. See troubleshooting purchasing songs, albums, audiobooks 11
random play 4 rearranging. See arranging rechargeable batteries 7 reenabling iPod shuffle buttons 4, 18 registering iPod shuffle 30 relative volume, playing songs at 16 removing songs 15 replaying songs 4 requirements computer 25 iTunes version 25 operating system 25 resetting iPod shuffle 4, 23 reshuffling songs 16 restoring iPod software 26 returning to first song 16 rewinding 4

library, adding songs 12 listening to an audiobook 16 loading audiobooks 14 loading music 13 disconnecting iPod shuffle 5 tutorial 30 loading podcasts 14 loading songs manually 14
Mac OS X version 25 manually managing music 14 maximum volume limit, setting 17 music See also songs; loading music iPod shuffle not playing 24 purchasing 11 tutorial 30
Safely Remove Hardware icon 6 safety considerations 27 searching iTunes Store 10 serial number, locating 4, 30 service and support 30 setting play order of songs 4 settings playing songs at relative volume 16 shuffle songs 16 volume limit 17 shuffle switch 4 shuffling songs on iPod shuffle 4, 16 skipping to next track 4 sleep mode and charging the battery 6 software, updating and restoring 26 songs arranging the order 15 entering information manually 12 fast-forwarding 4 going to the first 4 loading manually 14 pausing 4 playing 4
operating system requirements 25 overview of iPod shuffle features 3
pausing a song 4 playing previous song 4 songs 4 songs in order 4 podcasts 10, 11 podcasts, loading 14 ports Headphones 4, 21
playing at relative volume 16 playing in order 4 playing next or previous 4 purchasing 11 removing 15 replaying 4 reshuffling 16 returning to first 16 rewinding 4 shuffling 4, 16 skipping to the next 4 Sound Check, enabling 17 status lights 4, 7 battery 6, 7 storing, data files on iPod shuffle 19 subscribing to podcasts 11 supported audio file formats 24 supported operating systems 25 switches power 4 shuffle 4
iPod shuffle not responding 23 resetting iPod shuffle 4, 23 safety considerations 27 updating and restoring software 26 turning iPod shuffle on or off 4 tutorial 30
unresponsive iPod shuffle 23 unsupported audio file formats 25 updating and restoring software 26 USB 2.0 port recommendation 5, 24, 25 USB port 23, 24 USB port on keyboard 5 USB Power Adapter 22
volume changing 4 enabling Sound Check 17 setting limit 17
tracks. See songs troubleshooting connecting iPod shuffle to computer 24 connecting to USB port 24 cross-platform use 26 iPod shuffle not playing music 24
warranty service 30 Windows supported versions 25 troubleshooting 26 WMA files, converting 25

http://www.fdisk.com/fdisk/ http://www.felixbruns.de/iPod/firmware/
If you want to dump it, you may need to specify an option: count, which value is a number of blocks. As written above, a block size is 2048 bytes, but concerning dd, the default size is 512 bytes: if you want to use count, you have to add bs=2048 to the options. The count option represents the number of blocks dd will dump, and this number depends on the version of the rmware which is on your iPod. Table 3.1 shows, for each version of the IN2G rmware, its size in bytes and in blocks. That way, if you want to dump a version 19.1.1.2 of the rmware for example, you will have to use options bs=2048 count=11806. To know the version of the rmware on your iPod use iTunes, or if you cant, just dump the whole rmware with count=11860. In the other direction (ie if you want to write a rmware on the iPod), you do not need this option: dd will copy the whole le, and then stop. Version 19.1.1.0 19.1.1.1 19.1.1.2 19.1.1.3 Sizes (bytes) Size (blocks) 11806 11799
Tab. 3.1: IN2G rmwares sizes Remark: there is a 29.1.1.3 version of the rmware. An hash of the le reveals that it is exactly the same as the 19.1.1.3 version.

Under Linux

Pay attention : all commands have to be executed in root mode, ie : equivalent command is sudo. CAUTION : You have to know the exact name of the partition bound at your iPod. To nd it, you can use the command dmesg which displays the Kernels buer memory, or the command lsscsi which displays all scsi peripherals connected to the computer (this command may not be included by default). All the commands below are written assuming that the iPod is recognized as sdc (/dev/sdc). 3.2.3.1 MBR
Commands to save and restore the MBR and the partition table. If you want to save it, type : dd if=/dev/sdc of=mbr dump.img count=1 bs=512 This means that it will save the rst 512 bytes (which contain the MBR and the partition table) of the hard drive disk of the iPod. In order to restore them you have to type : dd if=mbr dump.img of=/dev/sdc 3.2.3.2 Firmware
To dump the rmware from the iPod to your computer, you have to type the following command, where you will replace COUNT by its value (see part 3.2.2): dd if=/dev/sdc1 of=firmware dump.img bs=2048 count=COUNT To dump the whole partition, just type: dd if=/dev/sdc1 of=partition dump.img

To dd To dd

install a new rmware on the iPod, you have to type the following command: if=Firmware-w.x.y.z of=/dev/sdc1 put back on the iPod a dump of the whole sdc1 partition, type: if=partition dump.img of=/dev/sdc1

see part 3.4.3 of this report for an explanation of this eld http://svn.gna.org/viewcvs/linux4nano/trunk/tools/extract2g/

3.4.1.2

1. Download the last version of extract2g.exe from Linux4Nanos SVN(1) 2. Type extract2g -A path of the firmware (in the Windows command prompt) to launch extraction Remark: with the extract2g tool, you can specify options for the extraction, type extract2g help to list them.

3.4.2.1

Structure and dierences between successive versions
A few words about rsrc.fw
Table 3.5 shows the structure of rsrc.fw. This le is exactly the same in each version of the rmware. Address 0x0 0x800 0xE00 0x1000FFF Content Header (Full of 0xFF) Zeros Beginning of le data End of le data
Tab. 3.5: rsrc.fw overview As rsrc.fw is the rmwares ressource le system, it is denitely uninteresting for this project and we wont talk about it anymore. 3.4.2.2 Structure of osos.fw and aupd.fw
The aupd.fw and osos.fw les have the same structure, which is shown in table 3.6 Address 0x0 0x200 0x800 Content Header Zeros Data Part (Payload)
Tab. 3.6: aupd.fw and osos.fw overview 3.4.2.3 Header structure
The next two pictures show the osos.fw (picture 3.3) and aupd.fw (picture 3.4) headers (from the 19.1.1.0 version of the rmware ). Only the blue and the two pink elds change from a version to an other: The blue one is simply the les length. The rst pink one is a hash of the decrypted payload The second pink one is a hash of the header The two hash elds seem to be HMAC-SHA1 hashes.
http://svn.gna.org/viewcvs/linux4nano/trunk/tools/extract2g/
Fig. 3.3: osos.fw header 3.4.2.4 Data structure

Fig. 3.4: aupd.fw header

There is no header-like structure in the data part (or we did not nd it), but the comparison between dierent versions shows that some of the bytes at the beginning of the data part are similar. Concerning osos.fw, apart from 19.1.1.0 version which has no byte in common with others, the rst 1680 bytes (from 0x800 to 0xE8F) are identical each time. Table 3.7 shows the number of identical bytes at the beginning of the data part for successive versions of aupd.fw. Version 19.1.1.0 19.1.1.1 19.1.1.2 19.1.1.3 19.1.1.19.1.1.19.1.1.19.1.1.-

Testing if it is a basic encryption
Remark: this section is to a large extent a copy from the report made in 2007

Entropy

The entropy is a measure of disorder and correlation between data. The entropy is computed using 255 ck ck the formula = log2 ( ) where k corresponds to a character, ck corresponds to the number of n n k=0
character k occurences, and n =
A high entropy (here, 8 is the maximum) means that the le looks like a random le, and here, according to the results shown in table 4.1, it leads to this conclusion.
1 http://ipodlinux.org/wiki/Flash_Decryption (on this page, you can download the AUPD decrypter, wrote for iPod 4G, 5G and 5.5G)
Firmware osos 19.1.1.0 aupd 19.1.1.0 osos 19.1.1.1 aupd 19.1.1.1 osos 19.1.1.2 aupd 19.1.1.2
Value 7.999958 7.999459 7.999959 7.999497 7.999964 7.999496
Tab. 4.1: entropy values of osos.fw and aupd.fw These values shows another thing: an entropy which is that high means that the le is encrypted.
Monoalphabetic substitution
The rst algorithm considered is monoalphabetic substitution. Each character (ASCII) corresponds to an other. For instance, adding 13 modulo 256 is a possible encryption function. Any substitution on the ASCII characters is possible too. This type of algorithm keeps one of the original texts property: the frequency of each character is the signature of a text. A simple program was made to analyze dumped les. The result was that each character appears quite as many time as the others in the osos.fw le: the encryption algorithm is more complex than this simple monoalphabetic substitution.
Polyalphabetic substitution
The rst assertion has been invalidated. Using several dierent substitutions could basically give a balanced repartition. Thus, this hypothesis can be assumed. It can be supposed the substitution number is a multiple of 4 (which represents ARM9 instruction length; see part 6.2 of this report). To assert this hypothesis, the previous program was modied in order to analyze the rst bits of each instruction, corresponding to the opcode. Again, according to gure 4.1, frequency seems to be the same for each ASCII character. Furthermore, comparing with an analysis (see gure 4.2) done on an ARM binary version of ls software, frequencies are really dierent. Thus, polyalphabetic substitution hypothesis has also been invalidated.
Fig. 4.1: Statistics on osos.fw opcodes
Fig. 4.2: Statistics on ARM opcode (considering ls ARM binary)
Substitution by 4 bytes blocks
An other hypothesis which can be made is the following: les are encrypted using substitution by blocks of a multiple of 4 bytes. A program which reads les 4 bytes by 4 bytes was designed, but no repetitions have been found: this assertion is false too.

Dumping memories

For dumping, rst the cache was used (JTAG dumps), but very soon it turned out that the UART was more exible. All these dumps can not be published here, due to copyright issues.
The UART is *the same* than described in the datasheet. In fact, we have noticed one dierence: the clock divider registry has only 8 bits instead of 16. See http://pargon.nl/?p=6 how to build an UART cable. Christophe tof Riehls complete setup is a little bit more complex (see photo 5.1(1) ):
full sized photo is available at http://l4n.clustur.com/images/6/67/Nanofighter.jpg
left board : DLC5 JTAG interface, modied for reset and USB switching right board : some programmer board, only the ST232 is used upper board : this was the JTAG scanner, now only the power supply and 5V regulator are used middle board : all the switching stu
Fig. 5.1: nanoghter To automatically enter DFU mode, he wired transistors to the USB 5V line, and to the play and enter buttons of the clickwheel.
Because UART needs HW, USB will be used to debug in the future.

Part III

Components 6.1 Components list. 6.1.1 The System On Chip. 6.1.2 NAND Flash Chip. 6.1.3 Utility Flash Memory. 6.1.4 Mobile SDRAM. 6.1.5 Audio Codec. 6.1.6 Voltage Regulator. 6.1.7 USB Power Manager. 6.1.8 Pictures. 6.2 ARM 940T Survey. 6.2.1 The SOCs internals. 6.2.2 About the instruction set JTAG research 7.1 JTAG denition, and its usage 7.1.1 A short denition. 7.1.2 Using JTAG for testing 7.2 JTAG location. 7.3 JTAG cache dumps. 7.4 Conclusion.

Components

Remark: this chapter is an update of the 2007 report.

Components list

At the beginning of the project we used to only consider data from other IN2G studies, which was far from perfect. Based on autopsy facts, this is an update concerning what we know about the IN2G.

The System On Chip

The SOC is part numbered 337SARM, and it is Apple marked on top (see gure 6.3). According to EETimes(1) , part 337Scorresponds to a Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. S5L8701B05 ARM processor(2). In fact it appears that this SOC contains an ARM940T processor (see part 6.2 of this report), 50KB boot ROM, 176KB SRAM, external RAM, ash and LCD controllers, USB (1.1-host; 2.0-function) and some other parts.

Using JTAG, it is also possible to test (at least partially) combinatorial logic functions, even if there are not JTAG-compatible chips in them. Another possibility is to test memories by writing and then reading these test values. And now it becomes interesting for reverse engineering: JTAG can be used to write data into ash memory, and to dump its content. As a buer overow was discovered (see part 5), nding the JTAG location could allow us to follow this overow in memory, to nd the return address, and then to exploit it.

JTAG location

The JTAG was found after searching with a JTAG bruteforce scanner (wrote by tof). There were a lot of problems, including the scanner not working properly, and a nTRST pin. But now we have the locations of the pins: they are basically available on the DOCK connector after putting in place some jumpers (2 for nTRST, 1 for other pins). After connecting a xilinx parallel cable, and installing OpenOCD(1) , we can try to connect to the JTAG: The screen freezes directly when we use the JTAG. This seems to be a protection against hackers, but it could also be an issue with OpenOCD (even if we highly doubt of this hypothesis). In fact, the ARM 940T processor is still fully functional, but it gets disconnected from the main bus, all memories are not reachable any more. The only memory preserved are the data and instruction caches. The fullsized versions of the pictures showing the JTAG location are available on the Linux4Nano wiki: top image at http://l4n.clustur.com/images/1/19/Top_annote.jpg bottom image at http://l4n.clustur.com/images/f/fe/Bot_annote.jpg
OpenOCD users guide is available at http://openocd.berlios.de/doc/pdf/openocd.pdf

JTAG cache dumps

As the caches are mainly alive, we focused rst on dumping whatever they contained (Dcache only can be dumped, the Icache can only give the indexes). We used some OpenOCD and bash scripts(1). The command dc dumps the Dcache, ic shows the icache indexes (be careful, these values can be corrupted due to the memory bus disconnection). We used statistics on many dumps to have helpful dumps. Please note that the DLC5 cable was modied to include a nSRST pin, and openOCD was recompiled for this. It is a desirable feature to have a reset. nTrst was simply tied to the 3.0V power supply, it is just not necessary. Also, one important thing is to cut the power supply during reset, with a MOSFET, for example. If this is not done, the iPod can often go to a broken battery state, where the processor thinks the successive resets are due to a defective battery.

NOR-based iLoader

After the rst realease the FTL was ported to RockBox. Once again, a whole bunch of drivers was being written, and RockBox was getting more and more usable. Some day, TheSeven implemented read-write support for the FTL, which took several months of debugging until it worked awlessly. Once RockBox was mostly working, TheSeven started researching how to use the DFU modes, and how to ash data to the NOR ash and recover from corruption. Then he worked out which additional hardware init steps are needed when taking over control earlier, and worked on the code doing them. Once that part (NORloader) was completed, he ported over iLoader to NOR, and then added a trivial scripting engine to allow for customization.
To kick o installation, osos will be renamed to osbk as with the old iLoader, but this time, some installation code will be written to osos. During installation, the osbk image from the rmware partition and the disksh and diagsh images from the NOR ash will be loaded to memory and will be decrypted. Then osbk will be patched (to x some Apple bugs regarding superoppy formatting and to remove the EU volume limit) and saved as /iLoader/appleos.bin. Then disksh and diagsh will be compressed and saved to the new (trivial) le system that will be created on the NOR ash during installation. The Apple bootloader will be replaced by NORloader, which will be decrypted and started by the processors bootROM. It will initialize some hardware and execute iLoader (which is not encrypted any more), unless the hold button is switched on quickly to enter the recovery stub (which is basically an iBugger loader, and is used to reduce the bricking risk). iLoader itself and its welcome screen theme will also be installed to the NOR ash. The rmware partition on the NAND ash wont be needed any more, so it will be removed, and the FAT32 data partition will be resized to span the whole device. This allows to reclaim roughly 100MB of otherwise unused space. iLoader will then look for a theme le, which will control its further behavior.

Tutorial about iLoader

This tutorial was written on April 2010. It may be outdated now. Please refer to Linux4Nano wiki to check the last version: http://l4n.clustur.com/index.php/ILoader_Howto

It explains how to install iLoader, RockBox and the Apple rmwares on iPod Nano 2G only. Nevertheless, the drivers developpement is not nished(1). If you want to help, go to the RockBox SVN(2) , and on the IRC channel #linux4nano-dev at FreeNode (irc.freenode.net).

iLoader Installation

This might semi-brick your device! We have taken all possible measures to prevent it, but if norloader (and its recovery mode) should fail for some reason (which has not happened yet), you will have to open your device to recover. BEWARE: As usual, these instructions are supplied in the hope that it will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY! Do not blame us if you crash your data or even brick your iPod. You should also read through the Known Issues section below.

10.1.1

Caution: the iLoader installation has to be done on a working and original rmware. If there is any doubt, you should make a recovery from iTunes or see part 3.2 before the installation. 1. Fetch ipodpatcher (3) - there are versions for Linux (32-bit and 64-bit), Windows and OS X. 2. Fetch installer.ipodx (4). 3. Put those two in the same folder. 4. Type chmod +x ipodpatcher 5. Connect your iPod to your computer. 6. Open a terminal (or equivalent) and cd to the directory of those les. 7. Type the following command:./ipodpatcher -a installer.ipodx 8. Now safely eject your iPod and unplug it. The iPod will reboot and start the installation, which can take up to 5 minutes. 9. Plug your iPod in, press Menu and then select Disk Mode. 10. When the installation is complete, it will ask you for a theme. You can download one at http: //l4n.clustur.com/index.php/ILoader_Themes. Then, you have to unzip it and copy what is in the folder iLoader created that way, to the same folder iLoader on your iPod. 11. In this iLoader folder on the iPod, will be a le named NORFLASH.BAK. Copy that le to a safe place! It is your only way back! Apple does not oer this as as download, and it is device-specic!
visit http://www.rockbox.org/wiki/IPodNano2GPort#Driver_status to see the drivers developpement status http://svn.rockbox.org/viewvc.cgi/trunk/firmware/target/arm/s5l8700/ipodnano2g/ 3 http://download.rockbox.org/bootloader/ipod/ipodpatcher/ 4 http://bit.ly/bl7q12
12. Now you can move on to installing RockBox! (keep your iPod plugged in) Please report your testing results on http://l4n.clustur.com/index.php/ILoader_Testing_ Results. Thanks!

10.1.2

Caution: the iLoader installation has to be done on a working and original rmware. If in doubt, you should make a recovery from iTunes or see part 3.2 before the installation. 1. Fetch ipodpatcher (1) - there are versions for Linux (32-bit and 64-bit), Windows and OS X. 2. Fetch installer.ipodx (2). 3. Put those two in the same folder. 4. Connect your iPod to your computer. 5. Open a command terminal and cd to the directory of those les. 6. Type the following command: ipodpatcher -a installer.ipodx 7. Now safely eject your iPod and unplug it. The iPod will reboot and start the installation, which can take up to 5 minutes. 8. Plug your iPod in, press Menu and then select Disk Mode. 9. When the installation is complete, it will ask you for a theme. You can download one at http: //l4n.clustur.com/index.php/ILoader_Themes. Then, you have to unzip it and copy what is in the folder iLoader created that way, to the same folder iLoader on your iPod. 10. In this iLoader folder on the iPod, will be a le named NORFLASH.BAK. Copy that le to a safe place! It is your only way back! Apple does not oer this as as download, and it is device-specic! 11. Now you can move on to installing RockBox! (keep your iPod plugged in) Please report your testing results on http://l4n.clustur.com/index.php/ILoader_Testing_ Results. Thanks!

Known issues

If something should go terribly wrong, this might semi-brick your iPod. Go to L4N IRC channel (#linux4nano-dev at irc.freenode.net) for recovery instructions. If it should complain that it cannot mount the FTL, unplug it, reset it and boot into Disk Mode, do not connect it to the PC, and just reset it again when it says OK to disconnect. It should work now. If not, please let us know. There is currently a very high rate of ash problems. Were still investigating what the root cause is. Just hit run nandfsck and wait some seconds. If that does not help, run Disk Mode. Fixed. Some iPod accessories (especially Nikepod) may refuse to work if iLoader is installed. (This could also be worked around if need be.)

http://bit.ly/bl7q12

Do not reboot via the Menu+Select key combination shortly after you have booted up the Apple rmware for the rst time after installing iLoader. If you do, it will probably not save its settings and start up with the language selection menu again the next time you boot it. We do not know at which point it will save the settings, but we have found a trick: Just connect the iPod via USB, add or remove a le, and properly unmount and unplug it. This will cause a controlled reboot, which will save the settings. Depending on your le system contents, it is possible that all data on the iPod will get erased during the installation. iTunes will probably want to restore your iPod, as with every other rmware replacement.

Part V

Modes and keys combinations
A.1 Description. A.1.1 Reboot iPod. A.1.2 Disk Mode. A.1.3 Diagnostic Mode. A.1.4 Device Firmware Upgrade Mode. A.2 Combinations. A.2.1 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Generations. A.2.2 Mini, 4th, Photo, Nano, and 5G Generations A.2.3 Pictures. 46. 46. 46. 46. 47. 47. 47. 47. 48
We would like to thank iPodLinux: this is mainly a copy of the wiki Key Combinations(1) page.

Description

Reboot iPod
Forces a power cycle. Use this whenever your iPod freezes, or if you want to switch between third-part rmware and Apple one. Important: Do not reboot the iPod while it says do not disconnect, because that might have the bad eect that the modications you made from your PC to the iPod might get lost. Make sure you eject the iPod so that it says ready to disconnect before you reboot it! Also, do not reboot your iPod while it is booting for the rst time after a rmware update (using the Apple updater). This will abort the ROM ashing, and, except for iPod from Nano 2G and Classic, this WILL RENDER YOUR iPod USELESS. See also this Apple support document on resetting the iPod(2).

Disk Mode

Forces the iPod to wait for a Firewire/USB connection to a computer. If your iPod do not boot up, you can boot into Disk Mode and reload Apple rmware. See also this Apple support document on disk mode(3).

Diagnostic Mode

Presents a menu of diagnostic utilities to check your iPod hardware. Use this menu to check if your iPod is working properly. Note the wheel does not work: you have to use the forward and rewind buttons to move around the menu. For more information see Craig A. Finseths article(4) on diagnostic mode. iPodlounge has an article on the iPod Photos diagnostic mode(5).
http://ipodlinux.org/wiki/Key_Combinations http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=http://www.finseth.com/parts/ipod.php 5 http://www.ipodlounge.com/index.php/articles/comments/ipod-photo-diagnostic-mode-revealed/
Device Firmware Upgrade Mode
DFU mode is a relatively new standard for upgrading rmware that is used in many devices like the OpenMoko and newer iPods. DFU mode (since nano 2G) is stored in the on-processor bootrom. Newer iPods have both DFU mode and disk mode, while iPod Touch and iPhones have exclusively DFU mode. The nano 2G has two DFU modes. One in the bootrom (and cannot be entered manually), and one stored in the NOR ash, inside norboot (and can be triggered through the key combination you can see below). To switch to DFU mode on an iPod Nano 3G or 4G, follow these steps: 1. Make sure your iPod is turned on and connected to your computer. 2. Press the menu button and select (central) button simultaneously. 3. The iPod screen will go black, and the Apple logo will shortly appear (ie the iPod reboots). 4. Keep on pressing until the Apple logo turns into a black screen. This can take up to 10 seconds. 5. Release the menu and select buttons.

Combinations

1st, 2nd, and 3rd Generations
Reboot iPod: Hold down the Menu and Play buttons. You might have to hold both buttons for a very long time (30 seconds) in some cases. If that still does not work, switch the hold button on and o and try again. Disk Mode: Immediately hold down the Rewind and Fast Forward buttons as the iPod reboots.(1) Diagnostic Mode: Hold Rewind, Fast Forward, and Select buttons as the iPod reboots. Third-part rmware (only when the old bootloader is installed): hold Rewind after rebooting the iPod
Mini, 4th, Photo, Nano, and 5G Generations
Reboot iPod: Hold down the Menu and Select buttons. You might have to hold both buttons for a very long time (30 seconds) in some cases. If that still does not work, switch the hold button on and o and try again. Disk Mode: immediately hold down the Play and Select buttons as the iPod reboots.(1) Diagnostic Mode: hold Rewind and Select buttons as the iPod reboots. DFU Mode (NOR DFU): hold Rewind and Play buttons as the iPod reboots. (works on Nano 2G, but not on 5G, DFU protocol not explored yet) Third-part rmware (only when the old bootloader is installed): hold Rewind after rebooting the iPod. (Alternatively switch the hold button to lock position after rebooting) The Select button is the one in the center of the click/scroll wheel.

Third Generation (3G)

The Docking model. Distinguish Four buttons across between the touchwheel and the screen. First iPod with a dock connector. CPU Portal Player PP5002 Audio Wolfson Microelectronics WM8731L Ole Wol Buzzer OWMB-757526S I/O FireWire: Texas Instruments TSB43AA82 USB2: Cypress Semi CY7C68013-56LFC interface. RAM Samsung K4S561633C-R(B)L/N/P75. 32MB of SDRAM. Storage 10GB, 15GB, 20GB, 30GB and 40GB - Sharp LH28F800BGHB-TTL90 Flash Memory Display Renesas HD66753 Graphics LCD Controller/Driver. 2 bit grayscale 160x128 LCD (Unknown supplier) Power Linear Technology LTC1733 Battery Charger Philips PCF50605HN PMU (Power Management Unit). Other Texas Instruments SN74CBTLV16211 Bus Switch Gestalt 0x00030001 = 3G Apple Name iPod with dock connector Notes PCB Images

Fourth Generation (4G)

The Click Wheel model. Also available in black with a red click wheel. (U2 model) Distinguish Blueish hue to the screen. Buttons integrated in the new clickwheel. CPU Portal Player PP5020 Audio Wolfson Microelectronics WM8975 CODEC (should be similar to WM8971). I/O FireWire: Texas Instruments TSB41AB1 FireWire Physical Layer. RAM Hynix HY5V56D or SEC 434 XL75 SDRAM (32MB). Storage Toshiba MK2004GAL 20GB 1.8 HD / Toshiba MK4004GAH 40GB 1.8 HD Display Renesas HD66753 Graphics LCD Controller/Driver. 2 bit grayscale 160x128 LCD (Optrex and Wintek) Power Philips TEA1211, auto-up/down DC/DC converter circuit with I 2 C-bus interface. Philips PCF50605HN PMU (Power Management Unit). SBW 340, surge protection. Other National Semiconductor LM3485 (marked S29B) Hysteretic PFET Buck Controller (Switching Regulator) Gestalt 0x00050013 or 0x00050014 = 4G Apple Name iPod with Click Wheel Notes PCB Images
iPod Photo (Photo) / Color iPod (Color)
click wheel; Also available in black with a red click wheel. (Color U2 model) Color screen. Cannot play movies with Apples rmware. Portal Player PP5020. (chip revision may dier) Wolfson Microelectronics WM8975 CODEC (should be similar to WM8971). FireWire: Texas Instruments TSB41AB1 FireWire Physical Layer. CCIR 601: Analog Devices ADV7179 NTSC/PAL Video Encoder Hynix HY5V56D 32MB SDRAM. Silicon Storage Technology SST39WF800A 8 Mbit Multi-Purpose Flash, Toshiba MK2006GAL HDD Renesas HD66789R LCD controller (in newer models only, original models unknown controller) Philips PCF50605HN PMU (Power Management Unit). National Semiconductor LM34910 Step Down Switching Regulator Philips TEA1211, auto-up/down DC/DC converter circuit with I 2 C-bus interface. 0x00060000 = Photo; 0x00060004 = Color Name Photo: iPod photo; Color: iPod with color display 16 bit color 220xLCD PCB Images

Color screen, Distinguish CPU Audio I/O RAM Storage Display Power
Other Gestalt Apple Notes
Fifth Generation (5G) / Fifth Generation Enhanced (5.5G)
Large color screen, thinner, plays MPEG and H.264 video. Distinguish The front face has a glossy surface and is available in black and white. 60GB iPod: This is a 5G (Fifth Generation) iPod only. 80GB iPod: This is a 5.5G (Fifth Generation Enhanced) iPod only. 30GB iPod: This can be either a 5G or 5.5G iPod. To distinguish the Fifth Generation iPod (Late 2006, 5.5G) from the original Fifth Generation (5G) iPod is by comparing the last three digits of the serial number. The 5.5G serial numbers last three digits will be one of the following: V9K, V9P, V9M, V9R, V9L, V9N, V9Q, V9S, WU9, WUA, WUB, WUC, W9N and X3N. The Fifth Generation U2 Special Edition iPod (30 GB Late 2006) serial numbers last three digits are W9G. Also, if your iPod has a search feature, it is a 5.5G. CPU Portal Player Portal Player PP5021C-TDF (like PP5020) The PP chip presents itself as PP5022C in software. Audio Wolfson Microelectronics WM8758 Audio codec I/O CCIR 601: Broadcom BCM2722 Video decoder/processor RAM Samsung K4S56163PF SDRAM - 32MB (in the 30GB model - like previous models, 60GB model has 64MB with Samsung part number K4M51163PC.) Storage 5G: Toshiba MK3008GAL 30GB 1.8 HDD / Toshiba MK6008GAH 60GB 1.8 HDD 5.5G: Toshiba MK3008GAL 30GB 1.8 HDD / Toshiba MK8010GAH 80GB 1.8 HDD (it should be an Apple branded MK8009GAH) Silicon Storage Technology SST39WF800A 8 Mbit Multi-Purpose Flash Display Unknown LCD Controller 16 bit color 320x240 2.5 LCD (Manufacturer: Toshiba-Matsushi ta markings: 1WX510015194) Power Philips PCF50607 PMU (Power Management Unit) Linear Technology LTC4066 Linear USB Power Manager / Li-Ion Battery Charger National Semiconductor LM34910 Step Down Switching Regulator Philips TEA1211 DC/DC converter with I2C Other Cypress CY8C21434 PSoC Mixed Signal Controller - Touch Pad Gestalt 0x000B0005 or 0x000B0010 = 5G Apple Name iPod with video Notes Vivisection (PCB Pictures) Another picture of 5.5G PCB
Sixth Generation (6G/Classic)
6th Generation iPod, Metal front face. Distinguish Metal front face with a sharp edge around the perimeter. The surface of the metal front face is abrasive/matted. Available in black or silver. CPU Samsung S5L8702 SoC, which contains an ARM926EJ-S processor and 256KB of internal SRAM. Audio Apple Branded Cirrus Chip, Model Number Cannot Be Made Out in iFixit Teardown I/O ?? RAM 64MB of external SDRAM Storage 80GB or 160GB 1,8 harddrive, 80GB: Toshiba MK8022GAA / 160GB: Toshiba MK1626GCB Display 2,5 320x240 color LCD Power ?? Other ?? Gestalt ?? Apple Name iPod classic Notes iFixit Teardown

Small iPods

iPod Mini (Mini1G)
Ultra-portable hard drive-based MP3 player. Distinguish Small unit, metal case. Available in muted, pastel metallic colors. Click wheel font is grey and does not match the color of the iPods case. Hard drive noise may be heard from the device. CPU Portal Player PP5020 The PP chip presents itself as PP5020E in software. Audio Wolfson Microelectronics WM8731L I/O FireWire: Texas Instruments TSB41AB1 FireWire Physical Layer. RAM Samsung K4S561633C-R(B)L/N/P75. 32MB of SDRAM. Storage Silicon Storage Technology SST39VF800A 8Mbit Flash. Display Renesas HD66753 Graphics LCD Controller/Driver. 2 bit grayscale 138x110 LCD Power Philips PCF50605HN PMU (Power Management Unit). Linear Technology LTC4055 USB Power Controller and Li-Ion Linear Charger Texas Instruments TPS62046 step-down dc-dc converter National Semiconductor LM3485 Hysteretic PFET Buck Controller (Switching Regulator) Other Gestalt 0x00040013 = 1G Mini Apple Name iPod mini

ash-based iPod. Listed here for completeness. (Same as 2nd Generation) Clip-on design. ?? 1GB or 2GB Does not exist on iPod shues. iPod shue
iPod Shue Fourth Generation
Please note that Apple calls this the third generation Shue.
Ultra-portable Distinguish CPU Storage Gestalt Apple Name Notes
ash-based iPod. Listed here for completeness. Clip-on design. As small as a key. ?? 4GB only Does not exist on iPod shues. iPod shue Has got voice function installed, as user interface.
iLounge has written a great article, A Brief History of iPod: http://www.ilounge.com/index.php/ articles/comments/instant-expert-a-brief-history-of-ipod/. Apple has a nice guide about identifying dierent iPod models: http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1353.

Credits

Special thanks to : Our teacher Emmanuel Fleury without whom this report would not have existed Michael TheSeven Sparmann who highly participated to the project and had the patience to listen to our questions and give us some of his time to explain us many points Christophe tof Riehl, Cory cmwslw Walker, Dave linuxstb Chapman, Taylor n00b81 Gordon, Felix fxb Bruns, David planetbeing Wang, Finn Farthen Wilke and Franz-Josef liar Haider, who highly contributed as well to achieve the whole understanding of the iPod nano 2G and the port of a third-pard rmware on it Everybody else who donated broken or even working hardware Here is also a non-exhaustive list of those who contributed to the project/report. Please excuse us if some people are missing : 3mpty AW Aaron P. DSouza Alex Willisson Alexander Jrgensen Alexander Papst Amaya Anton Zweistein Apage43 Ari Bahattin Tozyilmaz Benoit Badrignans Beno Ryder t Biscuit Thomas bizthepirate C@che DaHoC Dan Andrews Daniel Mason EdwardRF GearForce Isaac Caldwell James Watkins Jean-Damien Brossillon Jean-Loup Le Roux Jeremy Prater Jrme Soumagne eo John Pitsburg John Gaylord Keenan Pepper Keripo lala32 Manuel Naranjo Markus Macher Martin Sandsmark mat h max Michael Thomas ndsrox Niklas Ulvinge Oliver McFadden Paul Martin Paul McCabe Patrick Wohlschlegel Raoul Guggenheim Sebastian Elsner Sebastian Schutte Sbastien Fourestier e serpilliere Stephane Dekeyzer Tom Stellard Tyler Steinmetz Vincent Mauge Wayfarer William Poetra Yoga Hadisoeseno
And of course all of those who participated to the RockBox project: http://svn.rockbox.org/viewvc.cgi/trunk/docs/CREDITS