Power button Turn your iBook G4 on and off or put it to sleep. Power adapter port Plug in the included Apple Portable Power Adapter to recharge your iBook G4 battery. AirPort Extreme antenna With an optional AirPort Extreme Card and an AirPort Extreme Base Station or other wireless hub, connect to the Internet wirelessly. For additional information about AirPort Extreme or your optical drive, see Chapter 3, Using Your Computer, on page 31.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 8 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
Additional Features of Your iBook G4

Battery

G Ethernet port

(10/100Base-T)

FireWire 400 port

Security slot

f Headphone

W Internal

modem port

USB 2.0 ports

Video out port
LL2541Q7X.book Page 9 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
Internal modem port Connect a standard phone line directly to the internal modem. Ethernet port (10/100Base-T) Connect to a high-speed 10/100Base-T Ethernet network or connect to another computer and transfer files. The Ethernet port auto-sensing feature detects other Ethernet devices. You dont need an Ethernet crossover cable to connect to other Ethernet devices. FireWire 400 port Connect high-speed external devices, such as digital videocameras and external storage devices. For more information, see page 34. Two USB 2.0 (Universal Serial Bus) ports Connect additional equipment to your iBook G4, such as printers, external storage devices, digital cameras, modems, keyboards, and joysticks. Video out (external monitor) port Connect to an external monitor or projection device that uses a VGA connector with the included Apple VGA Display Adapter. You can also use an Apple Video Adapter (sold separately) to connect to a television, VCR, or another video device.
Headphone (audio line out) port Connect external speakers, headphones, or other sound output devices. Security slot Protect your iBook G4 by connecting a security cable. For additional information about these features, see Chapter 3, Using Your Computer, on page 31.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 10 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM

Setting Up

Your iBook G4 is designed so that you can set it up quickly and start using it right away.
Step 1: Plug In the Power Adapter Plug the AC plug of your power adapter into an outlet and the power adapter plug into the iBook G4 power adapter port.

AC plug

Important: Be sure to snap the electrical prongs on your AC plug into their completely extended position before you plug the adapter into the outlet.

Whats Next?

Learn the important basics about your iBook G4. Check out Chapter 2, The Basics,

on page 19.

Have fun trying out your computers applications and Internet features. Browse the
Welcome to Panther booklet that came with your computer.
If youre unfamiliar with Mac OS X, open Mac OS Help and browse the information. Switching from another computer? Open Mac OS Help and see the New to
Mac OS X section. It will help you use your previous computer knowledge to get started on a Mac.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 17 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
What If I Have More Questions?
Mac OS Help Most of the information about using your Macintosh is available right on your computer. 1 Click the Finder icon in the Dock (the bar of icons at the bottom of the screen).
2 Choose Help > Mac Help (click the Help menu in the menu bar and choose Mac Help).
3 Click the Search field, type a question, and press Return on your keyboard.

Other Support

If youre having a problem that prevents you from using your computer, see
Chapter 5, Troubleshooting, on page 61. Check out the top ten most commonly asked questions. See Appendix D, Top Ten Questions, on page 93. For support information, user discussion boards, and the latest Apple software downloads, go to www.apple.com/support. If you cant find the answer to your problem in these places, see the AppleCare materials that came with your computer for information on contacting Apple.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 18 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
LL2541Q7X.book Page 19 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM

The Basics

This chapter introduces important basics about your iBook G4 that youll want to know. Getting to Know Your iBook G4
Because your iBook G4 is so thin and light, you can take it with you to the office, library, class, or wherever you work or play. Whenever you stop using your iBook G4, wait a few moments to let the hard disk and any optical disc in your drive stop spinning before you transport the computer. Avoid jostling or bumping your iBook G4 while discs are spinning. When using your iBook G4 or when charging the battery, it is normal for the bottom of the case to get warm. For prolonged use, place your iBook G4 on a flat, stable surface. The bottom of the case is raised slightly to allow airflow that keeps the unit within normal operating temperatures. As you get to know your new computer, you may hear small noises during startup and when using your hard disk and optical drive. For example, your hard disk and optical drive may whir and click as they access information or load and eject discs. After the computer runs for some time, a small fan may turn on to cool it, producing a faint sound. Small noises are part of the computers normal functioning. For more safety instructions about handling and using your iBook G4 in different locations, be sure to see Appendix B, Care, Use, and Safety Information, on page 69.

LL2541Q7X.book Page 20 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM

Adjusting Your Display

Once you begin working with your new iBook G4, you may need to adjust your display so that the screen is easier to see. Use the keys labeled with the icon to adjust screen brightness.

Brightness controls

You can increase or decrease the size of images on your display by switching screen resolutions. You can choose a resolution in the Displays pane of System Preferences. If you want, you can switch to a resolution in which items on the screen appear larger, making them easier to see. However, with some resolutions items may not be as sharp as they are at the displays default resolution.
To adjust the resolution on your display: Choose Apple (K) > System Preferences from the menu bar. Open the Displays pane of System Preferences. To control your display settings using the Displays icon in the menu bar, click Show displays in menu bar.

Chapter 2 The Basics

LL2541Q7X.book Page 21 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM

Using Your Power Adapter

Plugging in the power adapter provides AC power to the computer and recharges the computers battery. Important: For optimal performance, use only the power adapter that came with your computer. When you first connect your power adapter to your computer, an indicator light comes on. An amber light indicates that the battery is being charged. A green light indicates that the battery is fully charged. You can monitor the battery level using the Battery icon in the menu bar or by checking the battery level indicator lights on the bottom of the battery (see page 45). To extend the reach of your power adapter, remove the AC plug from the adapter. Attach the included AC cord to the adapter and insert the other end into a wall outlet.

AC cord AC plug

Warning: Make sure the power adapter is fully assembled before plugging it into an electrical outlet. If youre using the AC plug with your power adapter, make sure the two prongs are snapped into their completely extended position before plugging in the adapter. Use only the AC cord that came with your power adapter. Make sure to push the power plug snugly into the power adapter port on the computer to ensure it is engaged and power is flowing to the computer. When disconnecting the power adapter from an outlet or from the computer, pull the plug, not the cord. For safety instructions about using your power adapter, see Plugging In the Power Adapter on page 70.

LL2541Q7X.book Page 22 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM

Using the Trackpad

The trackpad is sensitive to how quickly you move your finger. To move the pointer a short distance across the screen, move your finger slowly across the trackpad. The faster you move your finger, the farther the pointer moves on the screen.
Tips for Using the Trackpad
For best results when using the trackpad, keep in mind these tips: Use only one finger. Do not use a pen or any other object. Keep your finger and the trackpad dry. If the trackpad becomes moist from humidity or condensation, gently wipe it with a clean cloth before you use it. Never use any kind of cleaning solution on the trackpad. For more information on using the trackpad, choose Help > Mac Help from the menu bar at the top of the screen. Instead of using the trackpad button, you can use your finger to click and double-click directly on the trackpad. You turn on this and other trackpad options in the Keyboard & Mouse pane of System Preferences. Note: If you find that the pointer moves as you type because you accidentally brush the trackpad, you can avoid this problem by selecting the Ignore accidental trackpad input option in the Keyboard & Mouse pane of System Preferences.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 23 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM

Using the Keyboard

Your iBook G4 keyboard has a numeric keypad incorporated in the standard keyboard keys. Keys used for the numeric keypad have a smaller secondary label.

Numeric keypad

To use the numeric keypad, press the Num Lock key. An indicator light glows green, indicating that the keypad is active. When youre finished, press the Num Lock key again to turn it off. Important: If your keyboard doesnt seem to be working correctly, check the Num Lock key. When the numeric keypad is active, other keys and keyboard equivalents for menu commands (such as x-Q to quit) are deactivated. If you like to use keyboard shortcuts to work efficiently, open Mac OS Help and search for shortcuts. Youll find quite a list of keyboard shortcuts for many common procedures and applications.

Using a Mouse

If you have an Apple mouse with a USB connector, you can insert the USB connector into the USB 2.0 port and use your mouse right away. You can purchase a USB mouse from an Apple Authorized Reseller or from the Apple Store website: www.apple.com/store.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 24 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM

Learning About Mac OS X

Your computer comes with Mac OS X and features Classic, an environment for using Mac OS 9 applications while the computer is running Mac OS X. Note: Mac OS 9 cannot be installed as a primary operating system on your iBook G4. When youre ready to learn more about Mac OS X and your Apple applications, see the Welcome to Panther booklet that came with your iBook G4. Also open Mac OS Help and browse the information there. Youll find plenty of information for new users, experienced users, and people switching to the Mac. For information about the compatibility of software applications with Mac OS X, or to read more about Mac OS X, check the Apple website: www.apple.com/macosx.

4 Reconnect the power adapter and any other cables that were attached.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 59 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
Making Sure Your Computer Recognizes the New Memory
After installing additional memory in your iBook G4, check whether the computer recognizes the new memory. 1 Start up your computer. 2 When you see the Mac OS desktop, choose Apple (K) > About This Mac from the menu bar. A dialog appears that shows the total amount of memory installed in the computer. For a more detailed breakdown of the amount of memory installed in your computer, click the More Info button or open System Profiler, located in the Utilities folder in the Applications folder. If the memory is not recognized or your computer does not start up correctly, shut down your iBook G4 and check the instructions again to make sure that the memory you installed is compatible with this iBook G4 and that it is installed correctly. If you still have problems, remove the memory and consult the support information that came with the memory or contact the vendor who provided the memory.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 60 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
LL2541Q7X.book Page 61 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM

Troubleshooting

If you have a problem working with your iBook G4, check here first for solutions and advice.
When you experience a problem, there is usually a simple and quick solution. Be aware of the conditions that led up to the problem. Making a note of things you did before the problem occurred will help you narrow down possible causes and then find the answers you need. Things to note include: The applications you were using when the problem occurred. Problems that occur only with a specific application may indicate that the application is not compatible with the version of the Mac OS installed on your computer. Any software that you recently installed, especially software that added items to the System folder. (Certain applications install extensions that may not be compatible with the Classic environment.) Any new hardware, such as additional memory or a peripheral, that you installed. You can also find more troubleshooting information in Mac OS Help, on the Apple Support website at www.apple.com/support, and in the AppleCare Knowledge Base at kbase.info.apple.com.

Restoring Your Computers Software
Use the software install and restore discs that came with your computer to install Mac OS X, applications, and Classic support. To install Mac OS X: 1 Back up essential files, if possible. 2 Insert the software install and restore disc that came with your computer.
If you have an iBook G4 Mac OS X Install Disc 1 CD, insert it into your computer. If you have two iBook G4 Software Install and Restore DVDs, insert the first disc into
your computer. 3 Double-click the Install Mac OS X icon. 4 Follow the onscreen instructions. Note: If youre experiencing problems and the computer wont start up, try using FireWire Target Disk Mode to transfer your files to another computer (see page 35). Then restart the computer by inserting the software install and restore disc into the optical drive and restarting the computer.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 66 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
To install applications and Classic support: 1 Back up essential files, if possible. 2 Insert the software install and restore disc that came with your computer.
If you have iBook G4 Software Restore CDs, insert the first restore disc into your

computer.

your computer. 3 Double-click the Install Applications and Classic Support icon. 4 Follow the onscreen instructions. Note: iCal, iChat, iMovie, iPhoto, iSync, iTunes, and Safari are part of Mac OS X. To install them you must follow the instructions for installing Mac OS X.
Locating Your Product Serial Number
You can see your computers serial number by choosing About This Mac from the Apple (K) menu and then clicking the More Info button, or by opening System Profiler (in Applications/Utilities) and clicking Hardware. The serial number for your iBook G4 is also located under the keyboard and in the battery bay. For instructions on removing the keyboard or battery, see Removing the Battery and Keyboard on page 52.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 67 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM

Specifications

You can use System Profiler to find out detailed information about your iBook G4, such as the amount of built-in memory, hard disk size, devices connected, and the product serial number.
To access the information in System Profiler, choose Apple (K) > About This Mac from the menu bar and then click More Info, or open System Profiler, located in Applications/Utilities.

LL2541Q7X.book Page 76 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
2 Gather the connection information you need from your ISP or network administrator. See the next section, Gathering the Information You Need, to find out what information to get for each type of connection. If another computer in the same location is already connected to the Internet, you may be able to use its settings. To find the settings on a Mac OS X computer: Open the Network pane of System Preferences. Choose your connection method from the Show pop-up menu. Copy the information for your configuration. To find the settings on a Mac OS 9 computer: Open the TCP/IP control panel. Find the connection method in the Connect via pop-up menu. Find the configuration in the Configure pop-up menu. Copy the IP address, subnet mask, and router address from the corresponding fields. To find the settings on a Windows PC: The connection information on a Windows computer resides in two places. To find the IP address and subnet mask, open the Network and Internet Connections control panel. To find user account information, open the User Accounts control panel. You can write the information directly on the next few pages, then enter it in the Setup Assistant. 3 If you are using a dial-up modem, plug the phone cord (included with most Macintosh computers) into your computers modem port and into a phone wall jack. If you are using a DSL or cable modem, follow the instructions that came with the modem to connect it to your computer.
Appendix C Connecting to the Internet
LL2541Q7X.book Page 77 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
Gathering the Information You Need
You can write the information you get from your Internet service provider (ISP), your network administrator, or your other computer on these pages, then enter it in Network Setup Assistant. To set up a telephone dial-up connection, gather the following information: Service provider name User or account name Password ISP phone number Alternate phone number Dialing prefix to obtain an outside line
To set up a DSL, cable modem, LAN, or AirPort Extreme wireless connection: First, choose your connection method (ask your system administrator or your ISP, if you dont know): Manually Using DHCP with a manual address Using DHCP Using BootP PPP If youre unsure which method to use, Using DHCP may be a good choice, because the network supplies most of the required information for you automatically. If you selected Manually or Using DHCP with a manual address, gather the following: IP address Subnet mask Router address Note: If you selected Using DHCP with a manual address, you dont need a subnet mask or router address. If you selected Using DHCP, gather the following optional information (ask your ISP if you need it): DHCP client ID DNS servers

LL2541Q7X.book Page 88 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
Next, make sure your AirPort connection options are active in Network preferences. To set up Network preferences for an AirPort Extreme connection: 1 Choose Apple (K) > System Preferences from the menu bar. 2 Click Network. 3 Choose Network Port Configurations from the Show pop-up menu. 4 Select the On checkbox next to AirPort.
Next, follow the instructions to configure your network either manually or using DHCP, as instructed by your ISP or network administrator. If youre setting up your network yourself, it may be easier to configure the network using DHCP, because the server assigns IP addresses automatically.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 89 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
5 Choose AirPort from the Show pop-up menu. 6 Click TCP/IP, if necessary. 7 In the Configure IPv4 pop-up menu, choose either Manually or Using DHCP.
If you chose Manually, type the other information into the corresponding fields. If you chose Using DHCP, you dont need to enter any further information unless your
system administrator has instructed you to do so. 8 Click AirPort and select options for joining an AirPort Extreme network after restarting or when your computer wakes from sleep. 9 Click Apply Now. Once you configure your AirPort settings, you are ready to connect.
To test your AirPort Extreme connection: Click the AirPort status icon in the menu bar and choose Turn AirPort On. Any AirPort Extreme network in range should appear in the menu.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 90 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
Troubleshooting Your Connection
Cable Modem, DSL, and LAN Internet Connections
If you cant connect to the Internet using your cable modem, DSL, or local area network (LAN), see the following steps. Important: Instructions that refer to modems do not apply to LAN users. LAN users may have hubs, switches, routers, or connection pods that cable and DSL modem users do not. LAN users should contact their network administrator rather than an ISP. Check the cables and power supplies Make sure all modem cables are firmly plugged in, including the modem power cord, the cable from the modem to the computer, and the cable from the modem to the wall jack. Check the cables and power supplies to Ethernet hubs and routers. Turn the modem off and on and reset the modem hardware Cycle the power on your DSL or cable modem by turning it off for a few minutes and then turning it back on. Some ISPs recommend that you unplug the modems power cord. If your modem has a reset button, you can press it either before or after cycling the power.

PPPoE Connections

If you are unable to connect to your ISP using PPPoE, first check the cables and power supplies, then turn the modem off and on again and reset the modem hardware. Check System Preferences settings 1 Choose Apple (K) > System Preferences from the menu bar. 2 Click Network. 3 Choose Network Port Configurations from the Show pop-up menu. 4 Drag Built-in Ethernet to the top of the Port Configurations list. 5 Choose Built-in Ethernet from the Show pop-up menu. 6 Click PPPoE. 7 Select Connect using PPPoE. 8 Check the Account Name field to be sure you have entered the correct information from your ISP. 9 If you chose to save your password, retype it to make sure it is correct. 10 Click TCP/IP. Make sure youve entered the correct information from your ISP in this pane. 11 Click Apply Now.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 91 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM

Network Connections

If you have two or more computers attempting to share an Internet connection, be sure that your network is set up properly. You need to know if your ISP provides only one IP address or if it provides multiple IP addresses, one for each computer. If only one IP address is used, then you must have a router capable of sharing the connection, also known as network address translation (NAT) or IP masquerading. For setup information, check the documentation provided with your router or ask the person who set up your network. The AirPort Extreme Base Station may be used to share one IP address among multiple computers. For information on using the AirPort Extreme Base Station, check the onscreen help or visit the Apple AirPort website at www.apple.com/airport. If you cannot resolve the issue using these steps, contact your ISP.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 92 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
LL2541Q7X.book Page 93 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM

Top Ten Questions

Do you have a question? Here are the top ten questions commonly asked by new iBook G4 users.
My Internet connection doesnt seem to be working. How do I set it up? There are different types of Internet connections. For example, you can connect via a modem, a DSL connection, a wireless AirPort connection, or an Ethernet network. You will need to supply Mac OS X with specific information about your connection type, Internet service provider, or network. The first step in configuring your connection is gathering the information needed for your connection type. To find out what information you need and for instructions on how to configure your connection type, see Appendix C, Connecting to the Internet, on page 75. Your computer also has a Network Setup Assistant application to help walk you through setting up an Internet connection. How do I set up my printer? Is it compatible with my iBook G4? Begin by connecting your printer and installing any software according to the instructions that came with your printer. Next, open System Preferences and click the Print & Fax icon. Use the Print & Fax pane to configure your iBook G4 to access the printer. Youll find lots of information about setting up printers in Mac OS Help (search for printer). Also see Connecting to a Printer on page 25 of this manual. If your printer doesnt seem to be working as expected, you may need to check the manufacturers website for updated print drivers. Often the latest printer software is available for downloading. If you sent a print job to your printer, but its not printing, check to see if the print job is stopped or on hold by clicking the printer icon in the Dock. (If no icon appears in the Dock, open Printer Setup Utility in the Applications/Utilities folder and double-click the printers name.) If the window for the printer says Job Stopped, click the Start Jobs button. If Hold appears beside the job name, resume printing by clicking the job name and clicking Resume. If a print job has stopped printing because of a technical error, you can delete the faulty job by selecting the job and clicking Delete. You can then try printing the job again.

LL2541Q7X.book Page 94 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
How does the Mac OS X interface work? Users new to Mac OS X often have questions about how to carry out certain tasks. Your best source for Mac OS X information is Mac OS Help. Youll find introductory explanations for new users, users switching from Windows computers, and users upgrading from Mac OS 9. Open Mac OS Help by choosing Mac Help from the Help menu in the Finder menu bar at the top of your screen. Browse the new user information listed there. Many of the basic tasks users are interested in involve the Finder, so try searching for Finder, too. How do I make my iBook G4 battery last longer? Remember to calibrate your battery when you first use it (see page 16). You can conserve battery power by using the Energy Saver preference pane to specify how quickly the computer should go to sleep or dim the display. Open System Preferences and click the Energy Saver icon. Choose settings that are optimized for your type of usage. Using peripheral devices, such as hard disk drives, that get power from your computer can also shorten the amount of time your battery lasts. You can conserve battery power by disconnecting such devices. You can also purchase an additional battery that you can switch into your computer when power gets low. For more information about conserving battery power, see Battery-Conservation Tips on page 48. I put a disc in my optical drive, but nothing happened. How do I know if the disc is compatible with my optical drive? Press the Media Eject ( ) key to eject the disc. Apple slot-loading optical drives support only round 12 cm discs. Nonstandard discs with noncircular shapes do not work in the optical drive. For more information about nonstandard discs, check the AppleCare Knowledge Base at www.apple.com/support. Warning: Inserting a nonstandard disc into the optical drive may damage the drive. How do I connect a monitor or TV to my iBook G4? Your iBook G4 comes with an external monitor port and an adapter for connecting devices with VGA connectors. You can also purchase an Apple Video Adapter and use it to connect many commonly used monitors, TVs, and video displays. If your device has a connector that is different from the adapter included with your iBook G4, you need to purchase a different adapter to connect it to the iBook G4. To see the adapter included with your iBook G4, see page 5. For more information about connecting displays and other devices, see External Video Support (VGA, Composite, and S-Video) on page 39.

Appendix D Top Ten Questions
LL2541Q7X.book Page 95 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
I forgot my password. How do I reset it? You can reset your administrator password. See the instructions for resetting your password on page 63. I hear a fan coming on and my iBook G4 seems to get quite warm. Is that OK? As your iBook G4 operates, its designed to keep itself within safe thermal limits. The fan comes on and stays on to keep the iBook G4 operating at normal temperatures. The bottom of your iBook G4 may become warm because its designed to let heat dissipate through the case. This is normal. For more information, see Using Your iBook G4 on page 70. My application or Mac OS X doesnt seem to be working correctly. Do I need to reinstall Mac OS X? The process of troubleshooting a problem requires that you determine a number of things, such as whether a problem always happens with a specific application, is related to your operating system, or is due to faulty hardware. Before you reinstall, see Troubleshooting on page 61 to help analyze the problem. Apple also provides many technical explanations and advice for solving problems in the AppleCare Knowledge Base. To access the Knowledge Base on the web, go to www.apple.com/support. If you determine that you must reinstall Mac OS X, youll find instructions in Restoring Your Computers Software on page 65. I installed an application on my iBook G4, but it doesnt seem to be working. Where can I go for help? Check the documentation that came with the application for instructions on how to get support. Often manufacturers are aware of common problems that might occur with their applications and provide solutions and updates for immediate use. If your program is not an Apple product, youll need to contact the manufacturer directly for the best support.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 96 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
LL2541Q7X.book Page 97 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
Communications Regulation Information FCC Compliance Statement
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected. Radio and Television Interference This computer equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and used properlythat is, in strict accordance with Apples instructionsit may cause interference with radio and television reception. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. You can determine whether your computer system is causing interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral devices. If your computer system does cause interference to radio or television reception, try to correct the interference by using one or more of the following measures: Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops. Move the computer to one side or the other of the television or radio. Move the computer farther away from the television or radio. Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio. (That is, make certain the computer and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.) If necessary, consult an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple. See the service and support information that came with your Apple product. Or, consult an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. Important: Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by Apple Computer, Inc., could void the EMC compliance and negate your authority to operate the product. This product was tested for EMC compliance under conditions that included the use of Apple peripheral devices and Apple shielded cables and connectors between system components. It is important that you use Apple peripheral devices and shielded cables and connectors between system components to reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios, television sets, and other electronic devices. You can obtain Apple peripheral devices and the proper shielded cables and connectors through an Apple-authorized dealer. For non-Apple peripheral devices, contact the manufacturer or dealer for assistance. Responsible party (contact for FCC matters only): Apple Computer, Inc. Product Compliance, 1 Infinite Loop M/S 26-A, Cupertino, CA 95014-2084, 408-974-2000.

Industry Canada Statement
Complies with the Canadian ICES-003 Class B specifications. Cet appareil numrique de la classe B est conforme la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

VCCI Class B Statement

European Community
Complies with European Directives 72/23/EEC, 89/336/EEC, and 99/5/EEC.
LL2541Q7X.book Page 98 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM

Laser Information

Making adjustments or performing procedures other than those specified in your equipments manual may result in hazardous radiation exposure. Do not attempt to disassemble the cabinet containing the laser. The laser beam used in this product is harmful to the eyes. The use of optical instruments, such as magnifying lenses, with this product increases the potential hazard to your eyes. For your safety, have this equipment serviced only by an Apple-authorized service provider. If you have an internal Apple CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, or DVD-RAM drive in your computer, your computer is a Class 1 laser product. The Class 1 label, located in a user-accessible area, indicates that the drive meets minimum safety requirements. A service warning label is located in a service-accessible area. The labels on your product may differ slightly from the ones shown here.
Exposure to Radio Frequency Energy
The radiated output power of the optional AirPort Extreme Card is far below the FCC radio frequency exposure limits. Nevertheless, it is advised to use the wireless equipment in such a manner that the potential for human contact during normal operation is minimized.
Mouse and Keyboard Information
The Apple optical mouse is a Class 1 LED product. This product complies with the requirements of European Directives 72/23/EEC and 89/336/EEC. It also complies with the Canadian ICES-003 Class B Specification.
High-Risk Activities Warning
This computer system is not intended for use in the operation of nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation or communications systems, or air traffic control machines, or for any other uses where the failure of the computer system could lead to death, personal injury or severe environmental damage.

Class 1 label

Service warning label
Laser Specifications for Combo Drive Laser on pickup unit when reading a DVD: Type: Semiconductor laser GaAs/In(GaAI)P/InGaP Wavelength: nm Power out of objective lens: 0.33 mW Beam divergence: 20 ~ 35 (Typical 27) Laser on pickup unit when reading a CD: Type: Semiconductor laser AIGaAs/GaAs Wavelength: nm Power out of objective lens: Read = 1.0 mW, Write = 80.0 mW Beam divergence: 14.5 ~ 17.5 (Typical 16) Laser Specifications for CD Laser on pickup unit when reading a CD: Type: Semiconductor laser AIGaAs Wavelength: 78 ~ 800 nm (Typical 790 nm) Power out of objective lens: Read =.11 mW, Beam divergence: 14 ~ 20 (Typical 17)

cable modem 81 setting up 77
calibrating your battery 16 carrying your iBook GCDs 41 changing image size 20 password 63 System Preferences 24 the desktop 24 the resolution 20 the screen 20 charging the battery 47 checking memory 59 cleaning 69 your display 69 communicating via Bluetooth 37 computer freezes 62 inventory 5 wont turn on 62 connecting a cable modem 12 a DSL modem 12 a mobile phone 37 a modem 39 a monitor or TV 94 an external monitor 40 a PDA via Bluetooth 37 a printer 25 a projector 40 a TV 41 a VCR 41 a video device 41 Bluetooth devices 37 external devices 32 FireWire devices 34 FireWire hard disk drives 34 headphones 26 to an Ethernet network 12 two computers 34, 35 USB printers 32 videocameras 34 wirelessly 36 conserving battery power 94
LL2541Q7X.book Page 104 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM
controls brightness 7 volume 7
hand positions 73 headphone port 9
DHCP 78 configuration 84 dial-up connection 79 modem 78 dialup connection 75 discs compatible 94 display cleaning 69 goes black 63 mirroring 40 release button 7 disposing of batteries 47, 98 downloading software 26 DSL 78, 81 modem 77 DVD burning 44 DVD discs 43 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 81
image size 20 inserting a disc 42 installation instructions 5 installing AirPort Extreme Card 51 memory 55 internal modem 39 port 9 Internet configuration 80 connection 65, 93 using Setup Assistant 87 Internet service provider 75 inventory of items 5 ISP 75
LAN 81 connection 77, 78 locating your serial number 66
ejecting a disc 42 ergonomics 73 Ethernet networking capability 38 port 9, 38 external microphones 45 monitor 40 monitor port 9
Mac OS Mac OS X 24 interface 94 manual Internet configuration 83 manually using DHCP router option 77 Media Eject key 7 memory checking 59 microphone 7, 45 modem 11, 39 cable 75 DSL 75 monitoring a printer 25 mouse 23 multiple USB devices 33
fan noise 95 finding your serial number 66 FireWire cable 34, 35 devices and battery power 35 port 9, 34 Target Disk Mode 34, 35 Force Quit 29 frozen application 29 function key 7
Network Connections 91 networking two computers 34, 35 wireless 36 Network Setup Assistant 75, 93 numeric keypad 23 Num Lock key 7
general safety 71 green light 21
optical drive 7, 41 compatible discs 94
LL2541Q7X.book Page 105 Wednesday, March 3, 2004 2:52 PM

disc sizes supported 41

password 95 resetting 95 playing a video 43 CDs 41 DVD-Video discs 43 plug AC 10 Point-to-Point Protocol 78, 81, 85 port Ethernet 9 external monitor 9 FireWire 9 headphone 9 internal modem 9 power adapter 7 USB 9 video out 9 power adapter 21, 70 port 7 Power button 7, 13 PPPoE 78 configuration 85 connections 78, 90 presentation mode (see display mirroring) 40 Print & Fax preferences 25 printing 25 setup 25 problems computer freezes 62 computer wont respond 61 computer wont turn on 62 display goes black 63 Internet connection 65, 90 pointer wont move 61 PPPoE connections 90 restoring your software 65 trouble ejecting a disc 64 trouble using AirPort 64 turning the computer on 14 with an application 63 putting your iBook G4 to sleep 15

iBook G4 Developer Note

(Legacy)

2003-10-23

Apple Inc. 2003 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Apple Inc., with the following exceptions: Any person is hereby authorized to store documentation on a single computer for personal use only and to print copies of documentation for personal use provided that the documentation contains Apples copyright notice. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Inc. No licenses, express or implied, are granted with respect to any of the technology described in this document. Apple retains all intellectual property rights associated with the technology described in this document. This document is intended to assist application developers to develop applications only for Apple-labeled computers. Apple Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014 408-996-1010.Mac is a registered service mark of Apple Inc. Apple, the Apple logo, AirPort, AirPort Extreme, eMac, FireWire, iBook, iPod, iSight, Mac, Mac OS, Macintosh, PowerBook, QuickTime, and Velocity Engine are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. DEC is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation. OpenGL is a registered trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc. PowerPC and and the PowerPC logo are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation, used under license therefrom.
Even though Apple has reviewed this document, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS DOCUMENT, ITS QUALITY, ACCURACY, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED AS IS, AND YOU, THE READER, ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY. IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY
DEFECT OR INACCURACY IN THIS DOCUMENT, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. THE WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. No Apple dealer, agent, or employee is authorized to make any modification, extension, or addition to this warranty. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.

Contents

Introduction
Introduction to iBook G4 Developer Note 9
Organization of This Document 9

Chapter 1

Overview of iBook G4 11
New Features 11 All Features 12 Appearance 14 Peripheral Devices 15 System Software 15 Machine Identification 16 Power Management 16 Target Disk Mode 17

Chapter 2

Architecture 19
Block Diagram and Buses 19 Block Diagram 19 Main ICs and Buses 20 Microprocessor and Cache 20 PowerPC G4 Microprocessor 22 L2 Cache 20 Intrepid Memory and I/O Device Controller 21 System RAM 21 Boot ROM 21 Ethernet Controller 22 FireWire 400 Controller 22 Graphics IC 22 DMA Support 22 Interrupt Support 23 Ultra DMA/100 Interface 23 ATA-33 Interface 23 USB 1.1 Controllers 23 Modem Support 23 Sound Circuitry 23 Power Control IC 24 AirPort Extreme Interface 24 PCI USB 2.0 Controller 25
Legacy Document | 2003-10-23 | 2003 Apple Computer, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

CONTENTS

Chapter 3

Devices and Ports 27

USB Ports 27 USB Connector 27 USB Device Programming 28 FireWire 400 Port 28 FireWire 400 Connector 29 FireWire 400 Device Programming 30 Ethernet Port 30 Internal Modem 31 AirPort Extreme 31 Data Security 32 AirPort Extreme Hardware 32 AirPort Extreme Software 32 Bluetooth Technology 33 Hard Disk Drive 33 Hard Disk Dimensions 34 Hard Disk Connector 34 DVD-ROM/CD-RW Combo Drive 37 CD-ROM Drive 38 Trackpad 38 Keyboard 38 Removing the Keyboard 39 Keyboard Illustrations 40 Keyboard Operations 42 Flat Panel Display 45 External Display Port 46 Video Display Connector 46 Older Monitors Not Supported 47 Sound System 48 Audio Headphone Jack 48 Internal Microphone 48 Internal Speakers 48 Internal Modem 49 CD Audio 49

Power Management

Apples power management techniques for the iBook G4 are described in the following paragraphs.

Operating States

The power management protocols on the iBook G4 support two power-saving states: idle and sleep.
Idle: The system is idling with the main processor stopped in a halted, low-power state. All clocks are running; the system can return to running code within a few nanoseconds. Cache coherency is maintained in this state. Sleep: The system is completely shut down, with only the DRAM state preserved for quick recovery. All processors are powered off with their state preserved in DRAM. All clocks in the system are suspended except for the 32.768 kHz timebase crystal on the PMU99 IC.
The computer automatically enters idle state after several seconds of inactivity. If the computer is attached to a network, it is able to respond to service requests and other events directed to the computer while it is in idle state. While it is connected to an AC power supply, the computer can also respond to network activity when it is in sleep state. The user can enable this feature by selecting Wake-on-LAN in the Energy Saver panel in System Preferences. When operating on the battery in sleep state, the computer consumes less than 1 watt of power, meeting the Energy Star power-saving standard. When operating on the power adapter in sleep state, the combined computer and adapter consume 3 to 4 watts of power.
Processor and Bus Slewing
To lower power consumption and heat generation, the iBook G4 incorporates an automatic power management technique called bus slewing. Bus slewing is designed to run at high processor speed, bus speeds, and voltage when the demand on the processor is high, and to run at low processor speed, bus speeds, and voltage when the demand on the processor is low. Switching between different processor/bus speeds and voltages is achieved by a transition that operates seamlessly to the user and should not impact system or application performance. The iBook G4 allows the user to control bus slewing mode. The options for specifying either high, reduced, or automatic processor and bus speeds are located at System Preferences>Energy Saver>Show Details>Options>Processor Performance; then select Automatic, Highest, or Reduced. Slewing is enabled with the automatic setting, which is the system default. If the iBook G4 detects a system temperature that is too high, due to high ambient temperatures or other factors, it will automatically force the system to slew to reduced mode regardless of the selected setting. When the iBook G4 is in slewing mode, the processor, processor bus, and memory bus dynamically adjust their speeds based on the current needs of the system. In the 1.0 GHz configuration, the processor speed will switch between 1 GHz and 765 MHz. In the 933 MHz configuration, the processor speed will switch between 933 MHz and 714 MHz. In the 800 MHz configuration, the processor speed will switch between 800 MHz and 612 MHz. In all configurations, the processor bus and memory bus will switch between 133 MHz and 102 MHz.

Microprocessor and Cache

The microprocessor communicates with the rest of the system by way of a 64-bit MaxBus bus to the Intrepid IC. The microprocessor has a separate bus to its internal second-level cache.
PowerPC G4 Microprocessor
The PowerPC G4 microprocessor used in the iBook G4 has many powerful features, including an efficient pipelined system bus called MaxBus. Features of the PowerPC G4 include
32-bit PowerPC implementation superscalar PowerPC core Velocity Engine (AltiVec technology): 128-bit-wide vector execution unit dual 32 KB instruction and data caches an on-chip level 2 (L2) cache consisting of 256 KB with a clock speed ratio of 1:1 high bandwidth MaxBus (also compatible with 60x bus) fully symmetric multiprocessing capability
The PowerPC G4 microprocessor in the iBook G4 runs at a maximum clock speed of 800 MHz, 933 MHz, or 1 GHz.

L2 Cache

The data storage for the L2 cache consists of 256 KB of fast static RAM that is built into the microprocessor chip along with the cache controller and tag storage. The built-in L2 cache runs at the same clock speed as the microprocessor.
Intrepid Memory and I/O Device Controller
The Intrepid memory and I/O device controller IC provides cost and performance benefits by combining many functions into a single IC. It also contains the PCI bus bridge, the Ethernet, FireWire, and USB interfaces, and the AGP port. In addition to the buses listed in Table 2-1 (page 21), the Intrepid IC has separate interfaces to the physical layer (PHY) ICs for Ethernet and FireWire. Also, Intrepid has an I2C interface to configure the memory subsystem and an OHCI USB controller to connect the internal modem and Bluetooth modules. Table 2-1 Bus MaxBus Memory AGP4X Ultra ATA-100 ATA-33 Buses supported by the Intrepid IC Destinations Width of data path Max bus clock speed 133 MHz 133 MHz 66 MHz 100 MBps 33 MHz
Microprocessor 64 bits System RAM Graphics IC Hard drive Optical drive 64 bits 32 bits 16 bits 16 bits
The Intrepid IC provides DB-DMA (descriptor-based direct memory access) support for the I/O channels. The DB-DMA system provides a scatter-gather process based on memory resident data structures that describe the data transfers. The DMA engine is enhanced to allow bursting of data files for improved performance. The microprocessor is described in its own section. The following sections describe the other subsystems that are connected to the Intrepid IC.

The FireWire 400 connector has six contacts, as shown in Figure 3-2 (page 29). The connector pin assignments are shown in Table 3-2 (page 29). Figure 3-2 FireWire 400 connector

Table 3-2 Pin 5 6

Pin assignments on the FireWire 400 connector
Signal name Description Power Ground TPBTPB+ TPATPA+ Unregulated DC; 12.016.8 V no load when operating with battery or power adapter Ground return for power and inner cable shield Twisted-pair B, differential signals Twisted-pair B, differential signals Twisted-pair A, differential signals Twisted-pair A, differential signals Outer cable shield

Shell

When the computer is on or the power adapter is connected, the power pin provides a maximum voltage of 16.8 V (no load) and up to 7 W peak power. Pin 2 of the 6-pin FireWire 400 connector is ground for both power and the inner cable shield. If a 4-pin connector is used on the other end of the FireWire 400 cable, its shell should be connected to the wire from pin 2.
The signal pairs are crossed in the cable itself so that pins 5 and 6 at one end of the cable connect with pins 3 and 4 at the other end. When transmitting, pins 3 and 4 carry data and pins 5 and 6 carry clock; when receiving, the reverse is true.
FireWire 400 Device Programming
Mac OS X includes general support for the FireWire bus and specific support for various kinds of FireWire devices and protocols. Developers can use the built-in support or provide additional applications and drivers for use with their products. The general FireWire services will configure the FireWire bus, scan the bus for new devices, and allow multiple drivers and devices to share a single FireWire interface cooperatively. The general services also publish information about the bus and the devices in the IO Registry, so that IO Kit can match protocols and drivers to each connected FireWire device. The specific device and protocol support in Mac OS X as provided with the iBook G4 includes the following:
General services for Serial Bus Protocol 2 (SBP-2) and support for most mass storage devices using SBP-2, such as hard disk drives, optical drives, flash card readers, Target Disk Mode (see Target Disk Mode (page 17)), and the iPod. Mac OS X can boot from most of these devices. General services for the Audio Video Control (AV/C) protocol and support for most digital video (DV) cameras and decks using this protocol, including video capture through standard QuickTime APIs. A QuickTime device driver for IIDC/DCAM type cameras such as the iSight. A network device driver supporting IP (Internet Protocol) over FireWire according to IEEE RFC 2734. Additional services for user-space and kernel access to all FireWire resources.

Note: As is the case with the existing IEEE 802.11b standard, actual data throughput speeds will be lower than the indicated maximum connection speeds. Inherent in wireless LAN systems, bandwidth overhead is required for wireless routing, scrambling, security error correction, and other processes.

Data Security

AirPort Extreme has several features designed to maintain the security of the users data.
In 802.11b mode, the system uses direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology that uses a multi-bit spreading code that effectively scrambles the data for any receiver that lacks the corresponding code. The system can use an Access Control List of authentic network client ID values (wireless and MAC addresses) to verify each clients identity before granting access to the network. When communicating with a base station, AirPort Extreme uses 64-bit and 128-bit WEP encryption to encode data while it is in transit. Additional security features may be available via firmware upgrades as 802.11 enhancements are ratified by IEEE. The AirPort Extreme Base Station can be configured to use NAT (Network Address Translation), protecting data from Internet hackers. The AirPort Extreme Base Station can authenticate users by their unique Ethernet IDs, preventing unauthorized computers from logging into your network. Network administrators can take advantage of RADIUS compatibility, used for authenticating users over a remote server. Smaller networks can offer the same security using a local look-up table located within the base station.
As an additional data security measure, VPN can be used in conjunction with the AirPort Extreme data security.

AirPort Extreme Hardware

AirPort Extreme is a fully-integrated, wireless LAN module based on the IEEE 802.11g standard using both OFDM (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) and DSSS technologies. Using DSSS, AirPort Extreme is interoperable with PC-compatible wireless LANs that conform to the 802.11b standard at speeds of 11 Mbps, 5.5 Mbps, 2 Mbps, and 1 Mbps. Using OFDM, AirPort Extreme is compatible with all 802.11g standard speeds. Two antennas are built into the computer, on either side of the flat-panel display. One antenna is always used for transmitting. Either of the two antennas may be used for receiving. Using a diversity technique, AirPortExtreme may select the antenna that gives the best reception.

AirPort Extreme Software

The iBook G4 includes software for setting up and using AirPort Extreme:
AirPort Extreme Setup Assistant, an easy-to-use program that guides users through the steps necessary to set up AirPort Extreme or set up an AirPort Extreme Base Station.

Users can switch between wireless networks and can create and join peer-to-peer networks. These functions are accessed via the AirPort Extreme status menu. AirPort Extreme Admin Utility, a utility for advanced users and system administrators. With it the user can edit the administrative and advanced settings needed for some advanced configurations.

Bluetooth Technology

In the iBook G4, Bluetooth is a build-to-order option. Bluetooth is an open specification that enables short-range wireless connections between desktop and laptop computers and a host of other peripheral devices. Bluetooth support is built into Mac OS X and compliant with Bluetooth specification v1.1. It operates on a globally available 2.4 GHz frequency band (ISM band) for worldwide compatibility and has a maximum throughput of 1Mbps. The Bluetooth technology supports the following profiles:
synchronization enables synchronization of devices over Bluetooth serial provides a wireless serial connection to other Bluetooth devices dial-up networking (DUN) enables a mobile phone to act as a modem object push enables the transfer of files between Bluetooth devices human interface device (HID) enables the use of Bluetooth input devices (keyboards and mice) Bluetooth file transfer profile (FTP) enables browsing of the file system of other Bluetooth devices which support Bluetooth FTP.
Bluetooth is available as a build-to-order option, which is installed by Apple at the time of purchase as a fully integrated module. Accessing the Bluetooth capabilities without purchasing the integrated module will require a third-party dongle. When the Bluetooth option is installed, the Bluetooth antenna is located under the lower right side of the keyboard. For more information on Bluetooth technology, refer to Bluetooth (page 60).

Hard Disk Drive

Depending on the configuration, the storage capacity of the internal hard disk drive is 30 GB, 40 GB, or 60 GB. The drive uses the Ultra ATA-100 (IDE, integrated drive electronics) interface and, depending on the configuration, is ATA-5 or ATA-6 compatible. Data Transfer Mode for the drive is ATA-100. The software that supports the internal hard disk is similar to that in previous models with internal IDE drives and includes DMA support. For the information about that software, see the references in ATA Devices (page 59).

Hard Disk Dimensions

DD(015)

/CBLID
CSEL /DASP /DDMARDY /DIOR
Signal name Signal description /DIOW /DMACK DSTROBE /HDMARDY HSTROBE IORDY I/O data write strobe. Used by the host to initiate a DMA transfer in response to DMARQ. Strobe for Ultra DMA data transfers to host. Ultra DMA data ready. Strobe for Ultra DMA data transfers from host. I/O ready; when driven low by the drive, signals the CPU to insert wait states into the I/O read or write cycles. I/O channel select; not used on this computer (pulled low by a 1 kilohm resistor). Asserted by the device when it is ready to transfer data to or from the host. Interrupt request. This active high signal is used to inform the computer that a data transfer is requested or that a command has terminated. Asserted by device 1 to indicate to device 0 that it has completed the power-on diagnostics; not available on this computer (n.c.). Hardware reset to the drive; an active low signal. Stop request; an active low signal. This pin is the key for the connector.

/IOCS16 DMARQ INTRQ

/PDIAG

/RESET /STOP Key

The built-in ATA devices are connected to the I/O bus through bidirectional bus buffers.
DVD-ROM/CD-RW Combo Drive
Some configurations of the computer have a slot-loading, combination DVD-ROM and CD-RW drive. The drive can read DVD media and read and write CD media, as shown in Table 3-6 (page 37). The DVD-ROM/CD-RW Combo drive also provides DVD-Video playback with DVD MPEG2 decode. Table 3-6 Media type DVD-ROM CD-R CD-RW Types of media read and written by the DVD-ROM/CD-RW drive Maximum reading speed Maximum writing speed 8x (CAV) 24x (CAV) 24x (CAV) 24x (CLV) Zone 10x (CLV)

CD or CD-ROM 24x (CAV)

Digital audio signals from the DVD-ROM/CD-RW Combo drive can be played through the sound outputs under the control of the System Preferences.

CD-ROM Drive

Some configurations of the iBook G4 have an internal, slot-loading CD-ROM drive. The drive supports a maximum 24X data transfer rates using constant angular velocity (CAV). The CD-ROM drive supports the worldwide standards and specifications for CD-ROM and CD-digital audio discs described in the Sony/Philips Yellow Book and Red Book. The drive can read CD-ROM, CD-ROM XA, CD-I, PhotoCD, and Video CD discs as well as play standard audio discs. Digital audio signals from the CD-ROM can be played through the sound outputs under the control of the System Preferences.

Trackpad

The pointing device in the iBook G4 is a trackpad. The trackpad is a solid-state device that emulates a mouse by sensing the motions of the users finger over its surface and translating those motions into cursor movements. The user makes selections either by pressing the trackpad button (below the trackpad) or by tapping and double tapping on the pad itself. The trackpad responds to one or two taps on the pad itself as one or two clicks of the button. The user can tap and drag on the trackpad in much the same manner as clicking and dragging with the mouse. The tap and double-tap functions are optional; the user activates or deactivates them by means of the keyboard and mouse pane in System Preferences. The trackpad on the iBook G4 has palm-rejection capabilities that help prevent unintended trackpad input while typing is being performed. When the Ignore trackpad while typing checkbox is selected on the mouse pane of Systems Preferences, the system software attempts to filter out unintended contact with the trackpad. The trackpad will not respond when a mouse is present and the Ignore trackpad when mouse is present checkbox is selected on the keyboard mouse pane of Systems Preferences. The default setting is for all gestures to be turned off. Note: If the trackpad is not responding to intended input, check to see if the Ignore trackpad while typing checkbox is selected.

The computer has a stereo pair of speakers located between the keyboard and the display. The sound system provides parametric equalization for the speakers. The computer turns off the sound signal to the speakers when headphones are connected to the audio mini-jack and when USB speakers are active.
Sound effects and output from other audio sources can be specified in the System Preferences Sound panel. An output device is displayed on the Sound panel when the computer detects that it is plugged in. The system default setting is the internal audio controller. Once the default is changed to a different device, it will remain the default as long as the device is plugged in. Note: Unlike Mac OS 9, Mac OS X does not automatically switch to USB audio when the device is attached.
Digital audio data from the modem is read from the USB interface, processed by the audio software, and transferred by the DMA through the I2S interface of the Intrepid IC to the sound system.

CD Audio

Digital audio data from the CD or Combo drive is read using the ATA interface, processed by the audio software, and then transferred by DMA through the I2S interface of the Intrepid IC to the sound system or sent to USB speakers.

CHAPTER 4

RAM Expansion
This chapter tells how to gain access to the RAM expansion slot in the iBook G4 and then describes the RAM expansion module.

The RAM Expansion Slot

The iBook G4 has one RAM expansion slot. To get access to the RAM expansion slot, the user must open up the computer. Below is an overview of the steps for opening the computer; for complete instructions, refer to your iBook G4 User Guide. Important: The user should be reminded to observe the usual precautions to avoid damage to the electronic components due to static electricity. 1. 2. 3. 4. Shut down the computer. Unplug the AC adapter from the computer. Remove the battery from the computer. Release the two plastic tabs located at the top of the keyboard and pull only on the latches (not on the keys) to lift the keyboard up and turn it over, without disconnecting the keyboards membrane cable. See Figure 3-5 (page 39). Remove the AirPort Extreme Card, if present, by unlatching the formed wire holder on the card, then pulling the flex tab to remove the module. The antenna cable should remain attached to the card. See Figure 4-1 (page 52). Remove the four screws that secure the metal RAM shield plate and slide the plate toward the rear of the computer, then lift it up and out of the computer. See Figure 4-2 (page 52). If this is a 256-MB configuration, remove the 128-MB SO-DIMM currently occupying the memory expansion slot.

Figure 4-1

The AirPort Extreme Card and antenna cable

Figure 4-2

The RAM shield plate
Once the RAM expansion module has been installed in the slot, the user must close up the computer by performing these steps in reverse order. Be careful to replace the shield plate properly so that the AirPort Extreme Card will fit. Important: When replacing the keyboard, make sure the latches at the top line up with the corresponding slots in the case. If AC and battery power are removed for longer than ten minutes, the user may need to reset the computers clock (using the Data and Time pane in Systems Preferences) when the computer is turned back on.

The RAM Expansion Module

The RAM expansion slot accommodates a standard DDR266B (PC2100) SO-DIMM (small outline, dual inline memory module) that uses SDRAM devices.
Important: A RAM expansion SO-DIMM for the iBook G4 must use DDR SDRAM devices. If the user installs an SO-DIMM that uses EDO or SGRAM devices, the computer will beep twice when the user attempts to restart the computer. An SO-DIMM for the iBook G4 can contain either 128, 256, or 512 MB of memory. Maximum supported RAM capacity is 640 MB and is limited by the space available for the SO-DIMM.
Mechanical Design of the RAM SO-DIMM
The mechanical characteristics of the RAM expansion module are given in the JEDEC specification JESD95 for the 200-pin 8-byte DRAM SO-DIMM. To find out how to obtain the specification, see RAM Expansion Modules (page 59). The specification defines SO-DIMMs with nominal heights of 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, or 2.0 inches. The iBook G4 can accommodate standard SO-DIMMs with a height of 1.0 or 1.25 inches. The JEDEC specification defines the maximum depth or thickness of an SO-DIMM as 4.0 mm. That specification is also a maximum; modules that exceed the specified thickness can cause reliability problems.
Electrical Design of the RAM SO-DIMM
The electrical characteristics of the RAM SO-DIMM are given in section 4.5.6 of the JEDEC Standard 21-C, release 7. To find out how to obtain the specification, see RAM Expansion Modules (page 59). The specification defines several attributes of the DIMM, including storage capacity and configuration, connector pin assignments, and electrical loading. The specification supports SO-DIMMs with either one or two banks of memory. The JEDEC specification for the SO-DIMM defines a Serial Presence Detect (SPD) feature that contains the attributes of the module. SO-DIMMs for use in the iBook G4 are required to have the SPD feature. Information about the required values to be stored in the presence detect EEPROM is in section 4.1.2.5 and Figure 4.5.6C (200-pin SDRAM SODIMM, PD INFORMATION) of the JEDEC standard 21-C specification, release 7.

DDR SDRAM Devices

The DDR SDRAM devices used in the RAM expansion modules must be self-refresh type devices for operation from a 2.5 V power supply. The maximum speed of the DDR SDRAM devices must be 133 MHz or greater and operate at a minimum speed of 102 MHz. The devices are programmed to operate with a CAS latency of 2.5 or 3. At these CAS latencies, the access time from the clock transition must be 7.5 ns or less. The burst length must be at least 4 and the minimum clock delay for back-to-back random column access cycles must be a latency of 1 clock cycle.
Configuration of RAM SO-DIMMs
Table 4-1 (page 23) shows information about the different sizes of SO-DIMMs used in the iBook G4. The first three columns show the memory size, configuration, and number of banks in the SO-DIMMs. The other three columns show the number, density, and configuration of the DDR SDRAM devices making up the memory modules. Table 4-1 Sizes of RAM expansion modules and devices Number of devices 16 Device configuration (MB x bits) 16 x x x x x x x 8 Number of banks 2
SO-DIMM size SO-DIMM configuration (MB x bits) 128 MB 128 MB 256 MB 256 MB 256 MB 512 MB 512 MB 16 x x x x x x x 64

Address Multiplexing

Signals A[0] A[12] and BA[0] BA[1] on each DDR SDRAM SO-DIMM make up a 15-bit multiplexed address bus that can support several different types of DDR SDRAM devices. Table 4-2 (page 54) lists the types of devices that can be used in the iBook G4 by size, configuration, and sizes of row, column, and bank addresses. Important: The iBook G4 supports only the types of DDR SDRAM devices specified in Table 4-2 (page 54). Other types of DRAM devices should not be used with this computer. Table 4-2 Types of DDR DRAM devices Row address bits Column address bits 9 11
Device size Device configuration (bytes x bits x banks) 128 Mbits 128 Mbits 128 Mbits 256 Mbits 256 Mbits 512 Mbits 4Mx8xM x 16 x M x 32 x 4 8Mx8xM x 16 x M x 8x 4
DDR RAM SO-DIMM Electrical Limits
Each RAM SO-DIMM must not exceed the following maximum current limits on the +2.5 V supply: Active: 1.2 A (maximum of 8 devices per bank, 150 mA per device) Sleep: 12 mA (total for all banks) The maximum current specified for active operation generally rules out the use of 4-bit-wide DDR SDRAM devices in a RAM expansion module. Such a module would have 16 such devices per bank, and the 1.2 A maximum current would allow only about 75 mA per device. To stay within the current limits, RAM expansion modules should use only 8-bit or 16-bit DDR SDRAM devices.

APPENDIX A

Supplemental Reference Documents
This section contains additional information about the technologies mentioned in this developer note by providing references to helpful websites. For information about older models of Macintosh computers, refer to the developer notes archive at: http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Hardware/hardware2.html

Bluetooth

For more information regarding Bluetooth technology, refer to the following locations on the World Wide Web. Bluetooth specification: http://www.bluetooth.com/ Bluetooth SIG: http://www.bluetooth.org Bluetooth developer tools on the Apple web site at: http://developer.apple.com/hardwaredrivers/bluetooth/

APPENDIX B

Conventions and Abbreviations
This developer note uses the following typographical conventions and abbreviations.
Typographical Conventions
Note: A note like this contains information that is of interest but is not essential for an understanding of the text.
Important: A note like this contains important information that you should read before proceeding.

Abbreviations

When unusual abbreviations appear in this developer note, the corresponding terms are also spelled out. Standard units of measure and other widely used abbreviations are not spelled out. Here are the standard units of measure used in developer notes: A dB GB Hz KB kg kHz mA amperes decibels gigabytes hertz kilobytes kilograms kilohertz milliamperes MB megabytes
Mbps megabits per second Mbit MHz mm ns V VDC megabits megahertz millimeters nanoseconds volts volts direct current
mAh milliampere-hours Other abbreviations used in developer notes include these: 10Base-T an Ethernet standard for data transmission at 10 Mbits per second
100Base-TX an Ethernet standard for data transmission at 100 Mbits per second ADB ADC AGP AIM AP API ASIC ATA ATAPI CAS CAV CD CD-ROM CLV CPU DAA DAC DDC DDR DIMM DMA DSP DSSS EDID EDO G4 GND Apple Desktop Bus Apple Display Connector accelerated graphics port ATA Interface Module access point, for a wireless LAN application programming interface application-specific integrated circuit AT attachment AT Attachment Packet Interface column address strobe, a memory control signal constant angular velocity compact disc compact disc read-only memory constant linear velocity central processing unit data access adapter (a telephone line interface) digital-to-analog converter display data channel double data rate, a type of SDRAM where data is clocked on rising and falling clock edges Dual Inline Memory Module direct memory access digital signal processor direct-sequence spread-spectrum Extended Display Identification Data extended data out Generation 4, the fourth generation of PowerPC microprocessors ground

HFS HID I2C I2S IC IDE IIC IIS I/O ISO JEDEC L1 L2 LAN LED MAC Mac OS modem
hierarchical file system human interface device, a class of USB devices inter IC control bus inter IC sound bus integrated circuit integrated device electronics inter IC control bus (same as I2C) inter IC sound bus (same as I2S) input and output International Organization for Standardization Joint Electron Device Engineering Council level 1 or first level, a type of CPU cache level 2 or second level, a type of CPU cache local area network light emitting diode media access controller Macintosh Operating System modulator-demodulator, a data communications interface for use with analog telephone lines nonmaskable interrupt no operation National Television System Committee; the standard system used for broadcast TV in North America and Japan nonvolatile random-access memory Open Host Controller Interface operating system Phase Alternate Lines; the standard for broadcast TV in most of Europe, Africa, South America, and southern Asia partial constant angular velocity (CLV at small radius, CAV at large radius) Peripheral Component Interconnect

NMI NOP NTSC

NV-RAM OHCI OS PAL

PCAV PCI

PHY PLL POST RADIUS RAM RF rms ROM SCC SDRAM SNR SO-DIMM SPD USB TDM VCC VESA VGA WEP Wi-Fi
physical layer phase-locked loop power-on self test Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service random-access memory radio frequency root mean square read-only memory Serial Communications Controller synchronous dynamic RAM signal to noise ratio small outline dual inline memory module Serial Presence Detect, a feature of the SO-DIMM Universal Serial Bus target disk mode positive supply voltage (voltage for collectors) Video Electronics Standards Association video graphics adapter Wired Equivalent Privacy Logo used by the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance for certification of interoperability of 802.11 products wireless LAN