Activity Patterns, Lactate Profiles and Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) During a Professional Tennis Singles Tournament
Jaime Fernndez Fernndez 1, Alberto Mndez -Villanueva 2, 3, Benjamn Fernndez-Garca 4 ,5 and Nicols Terrados1, 6
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Functional Biology Department. University of Oviedo (Spain) Team Sport Research Group, School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia Department of Didactics. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. University of Alcal (Madrid, Spain). Morphology and Cellular Biology Department. University of Oviedo (Spain) Sports Medicine School. University of Oviedo (Spain) Sports Medicine Center of Principado de Asturias (Avils, Spain).
14th ITF Worldwide Coaches Workshop, Turkey 2005 - Quality Coaching for the Future Introduction Knowledge about physiological responses to match play is essential for the design of effective training programmes in a complex sport such as tennis. Patterns of physical activity and recovery (described by the duration of rallies and the effective playing time) and the stage of play (service or return games) have been reported to influence physiological mediators such as heart rate, blood lactate and oxygen uptake (Smekal et al., 2001). The purpose of this study was to examine activity patterns, blood lactate concentrations and perceived exertion responses during a match in a professional tennis tournament. Methods 8 well-trained, professional male tennis players (four ATP tournament winners and one Davis Cup winner) (mean s: age, 27.0 4.4 years; height, 182.9 5.2 cm; body mass, 89.6 7.5 kg) participated in the study. All subjects were fully informed of the experimental procedures prior to providing written informed consent to participate in the study, which was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee. The variables describing the characteristics of the matches; a) duration of rallies (DR); b) rest time (RT); c) work: rest (W:R); d) effective playing time (EPT); e) shots per rally (SR), were determined from video recordings (Samsung, Vp-d80, Korea). Several blood samples (n = 52) were taken from the earlobe at selected changeovers after a game. Also, RPE (n = 113) was obtained using the 15-category Borg RPE scale (Borg, 1998). All measurements were taken from players during a three-day invitational professional singles tennis tournament held in a local tennis club. The matches were conducted on an outdoor clay court. Results and Discussion We analysed 132 games played in 6 matches. The variables describing the characteristics of the matches (Table 1) and the physiological-perceptual responses (Table 2) of tennis match play were calculated as mean values for all games performed by all players (264 games).
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation reporting the physical stress associated with single tennis match play in a professional tournament. The patterns of physical activity obtained are in agreement with previous data obtained during a simulated tennis match play (Smekal et al., 2001). Stage of play (serve or return play) influenced the physiologicalperceptual responses of tennis match play. LA and RPE values were higher in service games than in return games (P = 0.02 and P = 0.0002, respectively). These results extend previous findings reporting higher physiological stress (i.e., HR) in service games than return games (Reilly and Palmer. 1993; Smekal et al., 2001; Knig et al, 2001). Conclusion Some results (i.e., work:rest ratio) can be used to refine the design of intermittent exercise training protocols for tournament tennis players. The differences in RPE between serve and return games obtained in this study indicate that RPE is a potentially valuable tool to measure physical stress during tennis match play, and this deserves further investigation. References Borg, G. (1998). Borgs Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Konig, D., Huonker, M., Schmid, A., Halle, M., Berg, A., & Keul, J. (2001). Cardiovascular, metabolic, and hormonal parameters in professional tennis players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33: 654-658. Reilly, T., & Palmer, J. (1993). Investigation of exercise intensity in male single lawn tennis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 11, 543-558. Smekal, G., Von Duvillard, S.P., Rihacek, C., Pokan, R., Hofmann, P., Baron, R., Tschan, H., & Bachl, N. (2001). A physiological profile of tennis match play. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33 (6), 999-1005.

Beta-pj Detail Specifications

Brand Category Design

(PAL version 020607)

VP-D80 VP-D81 VP-D82

Samsung Compact Shooting Beta, Champ. Gold Mini-DV PAL 60x90x178 565g 3.9 4.9 2.5" 112K O O X 90+210 deg. O BW 0.24" 77K X O Shoe 10x 400x 2.7 ~ 27mm 1.4/1.8 Variable 4 Step 46mm Night Capture Wide Macro 1/6" 800K EIS O O O O O O O O 8 step 1/50 ~ 1/10,000 O O 30 step X Photo

Model Number

VP-D83

VP-D85

Samsung Compact Shooting Beta, Champ. Gold Mini-DV PAL 60x90x178 565g 3.9 4.9 2.5" 200K O O X 90+210 deg. O BW 0.24" 77K X O Smart Shoe 10x 400x 2.7 ~ 27mm 1.4/1.8 Variable 4 Step 46mm Night Capture Wide Macro 1/6" 800K EIS O O O O O O O O 8 step 1/50 ~ 1/10,000 O O 30 step X Photo

VP-D87

Samsung Compact Shooting Beta, Champ. Gold Mini-DV PAL 60x90x178 565g 3.9 4.9 2.5" 200K O O X 90+210 deg. O Colour 0.44" 113K X O Smart Shoe 10x 400x 2.7 ~ 27mm 1.4/1.8 Variable 4 Step 46mm Night Capture Wide Macro 1/6" 800K EIS O O O O O O O O 8 step 1/50 ~ 1/10,000 O O 30 step X Photo

Others

Samsung Samsung Compact Shooting Compact Shooting Beta, Champ. Gold Beta, Champ. Gold Mini-DV PAL 60x90x178 555g 3.9 4.9 2.5" 112K O O X 90+210 deg. O BW 0.24" 77K X O Shoe 10x 400x 2.7 ~ 27mm 1.4/1.8 Variable 4 Step 46mm Night Capture Wide Macro 1/6" 800K EIS O O O O O O O O 8 step 1/50 ~ 1/10,000 O O 30 step X Photo Mini-DV PAL 60x90x178 555g 3.9 4.9 2.5" 112K O O X 90+210 deg. O BW 0.24" 77K X O Shoe 10x 400x 2.7 ~ 27mm 1.4/1.8 Variable 4 Step 46mm Night Capture Wide Macro 1/6" 800K EIS O O O O O O O O 8 step 1/50 ~ 1/10,000 O O 30 step X Photo

A. General

Format Signal Format Dimension(WxHxD) Weight(Net) Power Consumption LCD off, EVF on LCD on, EVF off LCD Monitor Size Pixel Bright Adjust Colour Tint Adjust Rotation Angle Mirror Viewfinder Display Device Size Pixel Bright Adjuat Diopter Adjust Light ? ? :020426 ? ? :020426

B. Camera System

Lens Optical Zoom Ratio Digital Zoom Ratio Focal Length (f) F.No(Wide/Tele) Zooming Speed Filter Diameter 0 Lux Recording Macro Size Pixel(Max/Effective) Image Stabilizer Auto Focus Manual Focus Program AE 1.Auto 2.Sports 3.Portrait 4.Spotlight 5.Sand/snow 6.High Speed Shutter Manual Shutter Auto Shutter Speed Auto White Balance Manual White Balance(A/I/O) Manual Iris Set PIP Snap Shot

CCD Features

Digital Special Effects 1.Art 2.Mosaic 3.Sepia 4.Nega 5.Mirror 6.B/W 7.Emboss 8.Cinema 9.Make-up (R/G/B/Y) Back Light compensation Fade In/Out Low Light sensitivity(Visible) Animation
O O O O O O O O O BLC O 0 lux X 2 21.7mm X SP/LP SP/LP O X X X O O O O X Remocon Remocon X O Remocon 12/16 bit PCM O O Stereo O O (12bit) X X X X X X X X X X X
O O O O O O O O O BLC O 0 lux X 2 21.7mm X SP/LP SP/LP O X X X O O O O X Remocon Remocon X O Remocon 12/16 bit PCM O O Stereo O O (12bit) X X VGA / VGA X MPEG1/AVI JPEG Motion Detect E-mail PC Camera X X
O O O O O O O O O BLC O 0 lux X 2 21.7mm X SP/LP SP/LP O X X X O O O O X Remocon Remocon X O Remocon 12/16 bit PCM O O Stereo O O (12bit) X Slot only VGA / QQVGA Fine/Nor./Stan. MPEG1/AVI JPEG X E-mail PC Camera X O
O O O O O O O O O BLC O 0 lux X 2 21.7mm X SP/LP SP/LP O X X X O O O O X Remocon Remocon X O Remocon 12/16 bit PCM O O Stereo O O (12bit) X Memory Stick 16M VGA / QQVGA Fine/Nor./Stan. MPEG1/AVI JPEG X E-mail PC Camera X O
O O O O O O O O O BLC O 0 lux X 2 21.7mm X SP/LP SP/LP O X X X O O O O X Remocon Remocon X O Remocon 12/16 bit PCM O O Stereo O O (12bit) X Memory Stick 8M VGA / QQVGA Fine/Nor./Stan. MPEG1/AVI JPEG X E-mail PC Camera X O

Night Capture

C. VCR System
Mechanism(DD3) Heads Diameter of Drum Auto Head Cleaner Recording Speed Playback Speed Auto Tracking PB DSE 1.Sepia 2.B/W 3.Art Play/Still Stop FF/FPS REW/RPS Line Recording Slow Motion Frame Advance Shuttle Search Auto Rewind Zero Memory System Speaker Volume Adjust Built-in Microphone Wind Filter Audio Dub(SP) NTSC AV Output

Features

Operation Mode

Input is option

D. Digital Camera System
Memory Media Resolution (Still/Motion) Image Quality Mode Motion Picture Tx Still Image Tx Additional Function 1 Additional Function 2 Additional Function 3 Additional Function 4 Multi Display 8M M.S-60/120/240

E. PC Interface

IEEE1394 OS for IEEE1394 USB Bundle Soft Ware 1 Bundle Soft Ware 2 Bundle Soft Ware 3 OS for USB Recommended PC System
Out Out Out Out Out Out Win98~XP / Mac Win98~XP / Mac Win98~XP / Mac Win98~XP / Mac Win98~XP / Mac Win98~XP / Mac X O O O O O X DVC Media 3.0 DVC Media 4.0 DVC Media 4.0 DVC Media 4.0 DVC Media 4.0 X Photo Suite 3.0SE Photo Suite 3.0SE Photo Suite 3.0SE Photo Suite 3.0SE Photo Suite 3.0SE X Video Wave 4.1SE Video Wave 4.1SE Video Wave 4.1SE Video Wave 4.1SE Video Wave 4.1SE X Win98~XP Win98~XP Win98~XP Win98~XP Win98~XP X P3/450MHz,64MB,4GB P3/450MHz,64MB,4GB P3/450MHz,64MB,4GB P3/450MHz,64MB,4GB P3/450MHz,64MB,4GB 6 step O O O O O O X O BLC O O O O X X O O O O O O O O 1350g 245x200x153 3450/7050 Shoe Out Out X O X O X X X O X OSD OSD O Cap 6 step O O O O O O X O BLC O O O O X X O O O O O O O O 1350g 245x200x153 3450/7050 Shoe Out Out X O X O O X X O X OSD OSD O Cap 6 step O O O O O O X O BLC O O O O X X O O O O O O O O 1350g 245x200x153 3450/7050 Shoe Out Out X O O O O X X O X OSD OSD O Cap 6 step O O O O O O X O BLC O O O O X X O O O O O O O O 1350g 245x200x153 3450/7050 Shoe Out Out X O O O O X X O X OSD OSD O Cap 6 step O O O O O O X O BLC O O O O X X O O O O O O O O 1350g 245x200x153 3450/7050 Smart Shoe Out Out X O O O O X X O X OSD OSD O Cap 6 step O O O O O O X O BLC O O O O X X O O O O O O O O 1350g 245x200x153 3450/7050 Smart Shoe Out Out X O O O O X X O X OSD OSD O Cap

Driver Optional

F. OSD(On Screen Display)
Battery level Operation Mode Menu Date/Time Counter No Tape Tape End Tape Remaining Zoom indicator XDR/I-BLC/BLC Record Time Self timer Tape Speed (SP/LP) P. AE Character Gen. Set Titles Image stabilization Manual Focus Snap Shot White Balance DSE Volume Zero Memory Dew indicator

G. Others

Weight (shipping) Kg (Standard) Package Size(W*H*D)(Standard) Shipping Quantity (Standard 20ft/40ft) Accessory Shoe Jack A/V IN/Out S-jack Earphone jack External Mic jack Flash Memory Port IEEE1394 USB LED Power LED Tally Lamp Recharging Indicator VCR Function key LED Tape End Alarm Battery Alarm Function Beep Lens Cover
Input is option Input is option

H. Accessory

AC Adapter/Charger AC Cord Battery Pack Hand Grip Ring Hood Remote Control Strap Remocon Lithium Cell (Clock) Lithium Cell (Remocon) A/V Cable Shoulder Strap Strap Neck Scart Adaptor S-Cable Carrying Case Blank tape IEEE 1394 cable USB Cable Memory Media Audio Cable for USB Software Earphone Adaptor Instruction Book Pocket Guide Revision History 1. Blue? revision 020307 2. Pink? revision 020607
AA-E7 O SB-L110 X O O X O O O O X O O X X X X X X X X O X
AA-E7 O SB-L110 X O O X O O O O X O O X X X O X O O X O X
AA-E7 O SB-L110 X O O X O O O O X O O X X X O X X O X O X
AA-E7 O SB-L110 X O O X O O O O X O O X X X O 16M X O X O X
AA-E7 O SB-L110 X O O X O O O O X O O X X X O Memory Stick 8M X O X O X

SB-L110A is option

Optional Optional