GarageBand 3 Getting Started
Includes a complete tour of the GarageBand window, plus step-by-step lessons on working with GarageBand

Contents

Chapter 1
Welcome to GarageBand Whats New in GarageBand 3 Before You Begin What Youll Learn What You Need Finding Out More GarageBand at a Glance GarageBand Window Timeline Editor For Real Instruments For Software InstrumentsGraphic View For Software InstrumentsNotation View For Podcasts and VideoMarker View Loop Browser Button View Column View and Podcast Sounds View Track Info Pane Real and Software Instrument Tracks Master Track Media Browser Working With Projects Creating a Project Setting the Tempo Setting the Key Setting the Time Signature Opening an Existing Project Saving a Project Sending a Project to iTunes

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Using Apple Loops Finding Loops With the Loop Browser Finding Loops in Column View Finding Loops in Button View Finding Loops in Podcast Sounds View Previewing Loops in the Loop Browser Refining Your Searches Displaying Loops From a Jam Pack or Folder Searching by Scale Type Limiting Searches to Nearby Keys Searching for Specific Text Adding Loops to the Timeline Creating Your Own Apple Loops Adding Loops to the Loop Library Working in the Timeline About Regions Selecting Regions Cutting, Copying, and Pasting Regions Looping Regions Resizing Regions Moving Regions Transposing Regions Splitting Regions Joining Regions Fixing the Timing of Software Instrument Regions Setting Real Instrument Regions to Keep Their Original Tempo Renaming Regions Using the Grid Using Undo and Redo Working With Real Instruments Adding a Real Instrument Track Monitoring Real Instrument Input Getting Ready to Record Recording a Real Instrument Recording a Real Instrument With the Cycle Region Recording Multiple Real Instrument Tracks Changing Real Instrument Settings Changing the Instrument

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 73 73

Changing the Input Channel Adjusting Input Volume Using the Instrument Tuner Adding an Audio File From the Finder Working With Software Instruments Using Musical Typing Using the Onscreen Music Keyboard Adding a Software Instrument Track Getting Ready to Record Recording a Software Instrument Recording a Software Instrument With the Cycle Region Changing Software Instrument Settings Working in the Editor Selecting Regions Editing Real Instrument Regions Moving Real Instrument Regions Cropping Part of a Real Instrument Region Joining Real Instrument Regions Enhancing the Tuning of Real Instrument Tracks Enhancing the Timing of Real Instrument Tracks Editing Software Instrument Regions Editing Notes in a Software Instrument Region Editing Controller Information in a Software Instrument Region Working in Notation View About Notation View Editing Notes in Notation View Adding Notes Selecting Notes Moving Notes Copying Notes Changing the Pitch of Notes Changing the Duration of Notes Deleting Notes Changing Note Velocity Adding Pedal Down and Pedal Up Symbols Mixing and Adding Effects What Is Mixing? Setting Track Volume Levels Setting Track Pan Position

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 92
Using Volume and Pan Curves Setting the Output Volume Adding Fade Ins and Fade Outs Transposing Part of a Project to a Different Key Using Effects Types of Effects Adding Effects Adjusting Effects Turning Effects On and Off Choosing Effect Presets Editing Effect Presets Saving Effect Presets Creating Podcasts in GarageBand Creating a Podcast Episode Creating the Podcast Audio Ducking Backing Tracks Adding and Editing Markers Adding Marker Region Artwork Adding a URL to a Marker Adding Chapter Titles Deleting Markers Adding Episode Artwork Editing Artwork Editing Episode Information Creating a Video Podcast Episode Sending a Podcast to iWeb Exporting a Podcast Episode Creating a Musical Score for an iMovie or Video Sending an iMovie Project to GarageBand Importing a Video File From the Media Browser Viewing the Video Working With the Videos Audio Track Adding and Editing Markers Adding a URL to a Marker Adding a Chapter Title Sending a Movie to iDVD Sending a Video Podcast to iWeb Exporting a Project as a QuickTime Movie

Chapter 12

Appendix A Appendix B
Keyboard Shortcuts Connecting Music Equipment to Your Computer Connecting a Musical Instrument or Microphone Connecting a Music Keyboard to Your Computer

Welcome to GarageBand

This document gives you useful information and step-bystep instructions for creating projects with GarageBand.
The following chapters give you a tour of the GarageBand windows and a series of lessons to help you create your own music projects. The chapters in GarageBand Getting Started cover the following topics: GarageBand at a Glance provides a tour of the windows and controls in GarageBand. Working With Projects describes how to create a new project, as well as how to save, archive, and export your projects. Using Apple Loops describes how to find and preview Apple Loops in the loop browser, add them to the timeline, and create your own Apple Loops. Working in the Timeline describes how to build your project by arranging regions in the timeline. Working With Real Instruments describes how to add a Real Instrument track, turn on monitoring, set the input channel and format, record a Real Instrument, and change Real Instrument settings. Working With Software Instruments describes how to add a Software Instrument track, record a Software Instrument, and change Software Instrument settings. Working in the Editor describes the different ways you can edit Real and Software Instrument regions. Working in Notation View describes how to view Software Instrument regions as music notation, and how to edit notes, note velocity, and pedal markings in notation view. Mixing and Adding Effects describes the steps to follow in mixing your project, and how to use the effects included with GarageBand. Creating Podcasts in GarageBand describes how to create audio and video podcast episodes and send them to iWeb or export them.

For Software InstrumentsGraphic View
When you select a Software Instrument track, the editor shows a graphic display of the track or selected region. You can edit individual notes in Software Instrument regions, fix the timing of notes, and transpose and rename regions. You can also show and edit controller data for pitch bend, a modulation wheel, or a sustain pedal, recorded when you play your music keyboard.

F H I J

A B C D E G K
Region Name field: Type a new name for the selected region in the field. Region Pitch slider and field: Drag the slider to transpose the selected Software Instrument region up or down by up to 36 semitones. You can also type the number of semitones in the field. Velocity slider and field: Drag the slider to change the velocity of selected notes. You can also type the velocity value in the field. A notes velocity reflects how hard the key is pressed when you play the note. Zoom slider: Drag to zoom in for a closer view or to zoom out to see more of the track. Graphic/Notation View buttons: Click to change the editor to graphic view or notation view. Display pop-up menu: Choose whether to show notes or controller data in the editor. Fix Timing button: Click to fix the timing of notes in the selected region, or notes selected in the editor, so that notes move to the nearest grid position. Beat ruler: Shows beats and measures for the area visible in the editor. Playhead: Shows the point in the project currently playing. Notes/controller data display: Shows the individual notes of Software Instrument regions in a graphic format. You can move and resize notes to adjust their pitch, where they start playing, and how long they play. Shows controller data when chosen in the Display pop-up menu. Scroll bar: Drag the scroller to move to a different part of a track.
For Software InstrumentsNotation View
You can also view Software Instrument tracks and regions in notation view. In notation view, notes and other musical events are shown in standard music notation. You can edit notes and edit controller information (including velocity and pedal markings for sustain) in notation view.

D E G K

Region Name field: Type a new name for the selected region in the field. Region Pitch slider and field: Drag the slider to transpose the selected Software Instrument region up or down by up to 36 semitones. You can also type the number of semitones in the field. Velocity slider and field: Drag the slider to change the velocity of selected notes. You can also type the velocity value in the field. A notes velocity reflects how hard the key is pressed when you play the note. Zoom slider: Drag to zoom in for a closer view or to zoom out to see more of the track. Graphic/Notation View buttons: Click to change the editor to graphic view or notation view. Note Value button: Click to choose the note value for notes you add. Fix Timing button: Click to fix the timing of notes in the selected region, or notes selected in the editor, so that notes move to the nearest grid position. Beat ruler: Shows beats and measures for the area visible in the editor. Playhead: Shows the point in the project currently playing. Notation display: Shows the musical events of Software Instrument regions in standard music notation. You can move notes to adjust their pitch and where they start playing, and change how long they play. Scroll bar: Drag the scroller to move to a different part of a track.

Master Track

The Track Info pane for the master track shows the global project settings and effects settings for the overall project. Global project settings include tempo, time signature, and key. Global effects settings include master echo, reverb, equalizer, and compressor.

D E G F

The Echo and Reverb sliders for each track control the amount of echo and reverb sent from that track to the master echo and reverb effects. In the Track Info pane for the master track, you can change the master echo and reverb effects. A B C D E F G H
Master effects category list: Click a category to see the effects for that category in the master effects list on the right. Master effects pop-up menu: Choose which master effects you want to see in the category and effects lists from the pop-up menu. Master effects list: Click a set of master effects from the list. Tempo slider and field: Drag the slider to change the projects tempo, or type a new tempo in the field. Time pop-up menu and field: Choose a time signature from the pop-up menu. Key pop-up menu: Choose a key from the pop-up menu. Details triangle: Click to show the global effects settings. Effect checkboxes, pop-up menus, and slider: Click an effect checkbox to turn the effect on or off. Choose an item from the pop-up menus, or drag the slider, to adjust an effect. The Track Info pane includes the following effects for the master track: Echo pop-up menu: Choose a global echo preset. Reverb pop-up menu: Choose a global reverb preset. Effect and effect setting pop-up menus: Click a checkbox to turn an additional effect on or off. Choose an effect from a pop-up menu on the left, then choose an effect preset from the pop-up menu on the right. Equalizer pop-up menu: Choose a global equalizer setting from the pop-up menu. Compression slider: Drag the slider to adjust the amount of global compression. Ducking Amount slider: When ducking is enabled, drag the slider to adjust the amount of ducking applied to backing tracks. Effect edit buttons: Click to show an effects preset window, where you can edit the effect preset. Save Master and Delete Master buttons: Click the Save Master button to save a set of master effects. Click the Delete Master button to delete a saved set of master effects.

Media Browser

The Media Browser lets you find and add songs from your iTunes library, photos from your iPhoto library, iMovie projects, and other video files.

A B C D E

Audio, Photos, and Movies buttons: Click the button for the type of media files you want to work with. Source list: Navigate to the folder containing the files you want to use. You can also add folders by dragging them from the Finder. Media list: View, preview, and select media files to add to your project. Play button: Click to preview the selected audio or video file. (not shownonly visible when viewing audio files or movies). Search field: Type text to search for files with matching names.

Using Apple Loops

You can use Apple Loops to add backing and rhythm tracks to your projects. You can also add Apple Loops to your loop library, and create your own Apple Loops.
Most popular music today is based on repeating rhythmic patterns (sometimes called grooves or riffs), especially in the drum and bass parts. To create music in a groovebased style, an effective way of working is to add loops for the drum parts, then add loops for bass and other rhythm parts. This lets you define the rhythmic feel of the project, and also lets you build the basic arrangement of the project by blocking out sections with different grooves. Once the basic rhythm parts are in place, you can record Real and Software Instrument regions to add lead, solo, and harmony parts. You can quickly define the feel of a project by adding Apple Loops. Apple Loops are prerecorded music files designed to seamlessly repeat a rhythmic pattern. When you add a loop to the timeline, you can extend it to fill any amount of time, making it easy to create drum parts and other rhythm parts. When you add a loop to a project, GarageBand matches the loops tempo and key to the tempo and key of the project. This lets you use loops that were originally recorded at different speeds, and in different keys, and have them sound as though they were made to be played together. In this lesson, youll learn how to: Find and preview loops in the loop browser Add loops to the timeline Create your own Apple Loops Add loops to the loop library
Finding Loops With the Loop Browser
GarageBand includes a loop browser that lets you find loops by musical instrument, genre, or mood. You can also perform text searches, and refine your searches for loops in several other ways. No matter how large your collection of loops becomes, you can quickly find loops with the sound you want using the loop browser. To show the loop browser: m Click the Loop Browser button (the button with the open eye). The loop browser has three views: column view, button view, and podcast sounds view. In button view, you click keyword buttons to show loops that match the keywords. In column view and podcast sounds view, you choose from different keyword types, categories, and keywords to show matching loops. You can select the loop browser view you want using the view buttons in the lower-left corner of the loop browser. To choose the type of view: m Click the button with columns to show column view, click the button with musical notes to show button view, or click the button with a bell to show podcast sounds view.

Recording a Real Instrument With the Cycle Region
GarageBand lets you record over a specific part of a project. Musicians sometimes call this punching in and punching out, and call the points where you start and stop recording punch points. To record over a specific part of a project, you set the cycle region in the timeline. To set the cycle region: 1 Click the Cycle button. The cycle region appears as a yellow strip just below the beat ruler. 2 Move the cycle region to the point in the timeline where you want to start recording, then drag the end of the cycle region to the point in the timeline where you want to end recording. You can drag in the cycle region ruler (below the beat ruler) to move the cycle region to a new part of the timeline.
You may want to have the cycle region start a few extra beats before the point where you want to start recording, to make it easier to start playing on the beat, and end a few beats after you want to stop recording, in case your last note extends past the end of the cycle region. To record using a cycle region: 1 Select the Real Instrument track you want to record in. 2 Click the Record button to start recording. 3 Play your musical instrument, or sing into your microphone. As you record, a new region appears in the selected Real Instrument track. Real Instruments only record the first time through the cycle region. When the cycle region repeats, you hear the newly recorded region. 4 When you are finished, click the Play button to stop the cycle region. 5 If you want to replace the recorded region, click the Record button and play the part again. 6 When you have finished using the cycle region, click the Cycle button again to turn it off.
Recording Multiple Real Instrument Tracks
You can record up to eight Real Instruments and one Software Instrument at the same time. This lets you record voices and instruments together, and simultaneously record a backing track, for example. When you select a track, recording is enabled for that track (meaning that recording will start on that track when you click the Record button). You can enable up to seven additional tracks by clicking the round Record Enable button in each tracks header. The Record Enable button turns red to show that the track is enabled for recording. To disable a track for recording, click the Record Enable button in the tracks header again. To record multiple Real instruments at the same time: 1 Be sure each Real Instrument track is set to use a different input channel (or pair of channels) in the Track Info pane. 2 Enable the tracks you want to record by clicking their Record Enable buttons. 3 Click the Record button in the transport controls to start recording. To record a Software Instrument at the same time as one or more Real Instruments: 1 Enable the Software Instrument track for recording by clicking its Record Enable button. 2 Click the Record button in the transport controls to start recording. If you enable more than eight Real Instrument tracks or more than one Software Instrument track, the track farthest from the last track you enable is disabled for recording, so as not to exceed the maximum number of recording tracks. To record on multiple tracks, you need to have an audio interface with at least two input channels for recording.

Changing Real Instrument Settings
When you create a Real Instrument track, you select an instrument for the track in the New Track dialog. You can change the instrument, effects, and input settings in the Track Info pane.

Changing the Instrument

You can change the instrument for a Real Instrument track. Each instrument includes preset effects optimized for the instrument.
To change the instrument for a Real Instrument track: 1 Select the track, then click the Track Info button to open the Track Info pane. 2 Select an instrument category from the list on the left, then select a track instrument from the list on the right.
Select an instrument category from this list.
Select an instrument from this list.
Use these controls to set the input format and input channel and to turn monitoring on or off.
Changing the Input Channel
When you create a Real Instrument track, you set the input channel (for mono input) or pair of channels (for stereo input). You can change these settings in the Track Info pane. To change the input channel: 1 Select the track, then click the Track Info button to open the Track Info pane. 2 Choose an input channel, or pair of channels, from the Input pop-up menu. The number and format of input channels varies, depending on what type of audio interface is connected to your computer.

Adjusting Input Volume

You can adjust the input volume for a Real Instrument track. The input volume controls the volume of the signal coming from the instrument or microphone. In general, set the input volume as high as possible without causing clipping or distortion for the best results. To adjust the input volume, do one of the following: If the instrument or microphone has a volume control, adjust the volume control on the device. If the instrument or microphone is connected to an audio interface, adjust the volume control on the audio interface. In the Track Info pane, drag the Volume slider left to lower the input volume for the selected channel, or drag it right to raise the input volume. Note: You cant control the volume of some audio interfaces and other devices from GarageBand. If the Volume slider in the Track Info pane is dimmed, you cannot adjust the input volume in GarageBand. You can also add and adjust effects for a Real Instrument track. For information about using effects, see Mixing and Adding Effects on page 72.
Using the Instrument Tuner
GarageBand includes an instrument tuner that you can use to check the tuning of any Real Instrument connected to your computer. The tuner is especially helpful when playing and recording guitars, basses, and other instruments that may need regular retuning. The instrument tuner shows a horizontal scale with zero (0) in the center. The note name is displayed to the left of the scale. When you play a single note on your Real Instrument, the pitch is shown in relation to the correct pitch for the note displayed.

Cropping Part of a Real Instrument Region
You can easily cut part of a Real Instrument region, whether at the beginning, the end, or in the middle of the region. This is especially useful if you want to delete, move, or copy an individual note, chord, or phrase in a region. To crop part of a Real Instrument region: 1 Move the pointer over the place where you want to cut the region (except at the top). The pointer becomes a crop pointer (a crosshair). 2 Drag to select the part of the region you want to crop. The selected part of the region appears darker blue. 3 Click the selected part of the region. 4 The selected part is cropped from the rest of the region, and is now a separate region. You can select it, delete it, move it, or copy it, just as you would any Real Instrument region.
Chapter 8 Working in the Editor
Joining Real Instrument Regions
You can join Real Instrument regions that are next to each other in the editor. To join regions: m Select the regions, then choose Edit > Join (or press Command-J).
Enhancing the Tuning of Real Instrument Tracks
You can enhance the tuning of a Real Instrument track. This is especially useful when you record Real Instrument regions that have the right feel and timing but are not perfectly in tune. When you use the Enhance Tuning slider, all regions on the selected track (both your own recordings and loops) are enhanced. Enhance Tuning can only produce accurate results on single-note (monophonic) Real Instrument regions, so be sure the track does not include regions with chords or unpitched sounds. By default, Enhance Tuning enhances the tuning of notes by moving them to the closest note in the projects key. You can limit the enhancement to the notes of the chromatic scale instead by deselecting the Limit to key checkbox. To enhance the tuning of a Real Instrument track: 1 In the timeline, select the Real Instrument track you want to enhance. 2 Drag the Enhance Tuning slider right to increase the amount of tuning enhancement, or drag it left to decrease the amount of enhancement. 3 To limit tuning enhancement to the chromatic scale, deselect the Limit to key checkbox below the slider. You hear the results immediately as the project plays. Setting the Enhance Tuning slider to higher values can sometimes lead to undesirable results. Listen carefully to the results of using the slider and set it to the value that sounds best.
Enhancing the Timing of Real Instrument Tracks
You can enhance the timing of a Real Instrument track. This is especially useful when you record Real Instrument regions where the notes are the right pitch, but are not perfectly in time with the project. When you use the Enhance Timing slider, all regions on the selected track (both your own recordings and loops) are enhanced. You can enhance the timing of single-note, chordal, and percussion (unpitched) Real Instrument regions. Enhance Timing works better with regions that contain distinct patterns of notes than with pads or ambient sounds.

Saving Effect Presets

You can create your own effect presets and save them to use on another track or in another project. To save an effect preset: 1 Adjust the settings for the preset to get the sound that you want. 2 Choose Make Preset from the pop-up menu, then type a name for the preset in the Save dialog.
Creating Podcasts in GarageBand
You can create podcasts in GarageBand, then send them to iWeb to publish over the Internet.
Podcasts are like radio or TV shows that people can download over the Internet. Users can download an individual podcast episode or subscribe to a podcast series. You can create podcast episodes in GarageBand, then publish them on the Internet using iWeb or another application. There are several types of podcast you can create in GarageBand: Audio podcast episodes contain an audio file. Enhanced podcast episodes contain audio along with markers, artwork, and URLs. Video podcast episodes contain a movie and can also contain audio. Enhanced video podcast episodes contain a movie along with audio, markers, and URLs. In this lesson, youll learn how to: Find, preview, and import iTunes songs and GarageBand projects using the Media Browser Duck backing tracks to make narration and dialogue easier to hear Show the podcast track Add and edit markers and marker regions Add artwork, URLs, URL titles, and chapter titles to markers Add episode artwork and episode information Edit marker region and episode artwork Send a podcast to iWeb Export a podcast episode
Creating a Podcast Episode
You can create an enhanced podcast episode in GarageBand using the following steps: 1 Create the podcast audio by recording and adding audio in GarageBand. 2 Apply ducking to backing tracks. 3 Show the podcast track. 4 Add and edit marker regions. 5 Add artwork and/or URLs to marker regions. 6 Add episode artwork. 7 Edit episode information. When you have created your podcast in GarageBand, you can send it to iWeb or export it and publish it using another application.
Creating the Podcast Audio
You can create podcasts with only spoken narration or dialog, or add musical backing tracks, sound effects, and other sounds. You record narration by connecting a microphone to your computer (or using your computers built-in microphone, if it has one), enabling a Real Instrument track for recording, then recording from the microphone to the Real Instrument track, as described in Working With Real Instruments on page 47. You can add Apple Loops and record Real and Software Instruments to use as backing tracks for your podcast. The loop browser includes a variety of loops created for use in your podcasts. For information about working with Apple Loops, see Using Apple Loops on page 32. For information about recording Real Instruments, see Working With Real Instruments on page 47. For information about recording Software Instruments, see Working With Software Instruments on page 55. You can add and adjust effects, including the Speech Enhancer effect, which is especially useful for recorded narration and dialogue. You can also import songs from your iTunes library and import other GarageBand projects that have been saved with an iLife preview into your podcast. You can find and preview iTunes songs and GarageBand projects in the Media Browser. To find audio files in the Media Browser: 1 Choose Control > Media Browser. The Media Browser opens to the right of the timeline. 2 Click the Audio button. 3 In the file area, navigate to the folder containing the audio files you want to use. You can also search for files by name by typing in the search field.

Sending an iMovie Project to GarageBand
You can send an iMovie project from iMovie to GarageBand. When you send an iMovie project, GarageBand opens and a new project is created that contains the iMovie project. If GarageBand is already open, the current project closes before the new project is created. To send an iMovie project from iMovie to GarageBand: m In iMovie, choose Share > GarageBand.
Importing a Video File From the Media Browser
You can import an iMovie project or other video file from the Media Browser. The Media Browser lets you quickly locate iMovie projects and other video files in your computers Movies folder, as well as other media files. You can search for files by name, and preview video files before you add them to your GarageBand project. To open the Media Browser, do one of the following: Choose Control > Show Media Browser. Click the Media Browser button (next to the Track Info button). The Media Browser contains buttons for different types of media files, a browser where you can navigate to the media files you want to use, and a media list showing the media files in the current location. You can preview movies in the Media Browser to find the one you want to work with in GarageBand. Once you find the movie you want to work with, you drag it to the timeline to import it into the project. To find video files using the Media Browser: 1 Click the Movies button. 2 Navigate to the folder containing the movie you want to use. 3 Optionally, you can also search for movies by name by typing in the search field. To preview a video file in the Media Browser, do one of the following: Select the file in the media list, then click the Play button at the bottom of the Media Browser. Double-click the file in the media list. The movie icon becomes a small preview of the movie. To stop preview playback, do one of the following: Click the Play button at the bottom of the Media Browser. Select another video file. To import a video file: m Drag the video file from the Media Browser to the timeline. The video file appears in the video track, beginning at the start of the project. You cant change the position of the video in a project. Note: A project can contain only one video file. If you import a video file into a project that already contains one, a dialog appears asking if you want to replace the existing video with the new one. The Media Browser shows the movies in your Movies folder. You can add other folders to the Media Browser so you can add media files in the folders to your projects. To add a folder to the Media Browser: m Drag the folder from the Finder to the middle area of the Media Browser.
Chapter 12 Creating a Musical Score for an iMovie or Video

Sending a Movie to iDVD

You can send the project containing both video and audio to iDVD so you can burn it to a DVD disc. Viewers watching the DVD can use the chapter markers in the project to move to different parts of the movie. URLs and URL titles will not appear in the movie on DVD. To send a movie to iDVD: m Choose Share > Send Movie to iDVD. Note: When you send a project to iDVD, no video compression is applied to the project. In most cases, youll want to make these changes in iDVD.
Sending a Video Podcast to iWeb
You can send a project containing a video to iWeb as a video podcast, and publish it on the Internet. When subscribers view the video podcast, they can click a URL to have a relevant webpage appear in their web browser, and move back and forth between chapters. For information about creating video podcasts, see Creating Podcasts in GarageBand on page 80. For information about exporting video podcasts, see Sending a Podcast to iWeb on page 87.
Exporting a Project as a QuickTime Movie
You can export a project containing a video as a QuickTime movie (.mov). When you export a project as a movie, the exported movie includes both the video and the soundtrack you created in GarageBand. The videos audio is also included unless the Video Sound track is muted when you export the movie. To export a project as a QuickTime movie: m Choose Share > Export as QuickTime Movie. The project is exported using the current movie compression settings. Movie compression settings compress both the video and audio in the exported movie. You can change the compression settings to suit how you want to use the exported movie. Compression settings are stored as part of the GarageBand project until you change them while the project is open. To choose the video compression settings: 1 Choose GarageBand > Preferences, then click Export. 2 In the Export pane, choose the settings you want to use from the Movie Settings pop-up menu.

Keyboard Shortcuts

Shortcut Space bar Home or Z End or Option-Z Left Arrow Right Arrow Page Up Page Down Control-Left Arrow Control-Right Arrow
Action Navigation/Moving the playhead Play/Pause Go to beginning Go to end Move back by one measure Move forward by one measure Move back by the visible width of the timeline Move forward by the visible width of the timeline Zoom out Zoom in Tracks Create new track Duplicate track Delete selected track Select next higher track Select next lower track Mute/Unmute selected track Solo/Unsolo selected track Show/Hide track volume curve Show/Hide master track Show/Hide podcast track Show/Hide video track Track Info pane Show/Hide Track Info Select next higher category or instrument

Command-Option-N Command-D Command-Delete Up Arrow Down Arrow M S A Command-B Command-Shift-B Command-Option-B
Command-I Up Arrow (when Track Info pane is open and either a category or an instrument is selected)

Appendix

Action Select next lower category or instrument
Shortcut Down Arrow (when Track Info pane is open and either a category or an instrument is selected) Left Arrow (when Track Info pane is open and an instrument is selected) Right Arrow (when Track Info pane is open and a category is selected)
Move from instrument column to category column
Move from category column to instrument column
Editing and arranging Undo Redo Cut Copy Paste Delete Select all Split region Join selected regions Snap to grid Enable/disable ducking Recording Record Start/Stop Turn cycle region on/off Turn metronome on/off Turn count in on/off Show/Hide instrument tuner Notation view Move selected notes to previous grid position Move selected notes to next grid position Move selected notes back one measure Move selected notes forward one measure Transpose selected notes up a semitone Transpose selected notes down a semitone Transpose selected notes up an octave Transpose selected notes down an octave Adjusting master volume Left Arrow Right Arrow Shift-Left Arrow Shift-Right Arrow Up Arrow Down Arrow Shift-Up Arrow Shift-Down Arrow R C Command-U Command-Shift-U Command-F Command-Z Command-Shift-Z Command-X Command-C Command-V Delete Command-A Command-T Command-J Command-G Command-Shift-F
Appendix A Keyboard Shortcuts
Action Raise master volume Lower master volume Showing windows and editors Show track mixer Show Track Info pane Show editor Show Media Browser Show loop browser Show onscreen keyboard Show Musical Typing window File menu functions New Open Close Save Save As Application menu functions Show/Hide GarageBand Preferences Hide GarageBand Hide other applications Quit GarageBand Help menu functions GarageBand Help
Shortcut Command-Up Arrow Command-Down Arrow
Command-Y Command-I Command-E Command-R Command-L Command-K Command-Shift-K
Command-N Command-O Command-W Command-S Command-Shift-S
Command-comma (,) Command-H Command-Option-H Command-Q
Command-question mark (?)
Connecting Music Equipment to Your Computer
If you sing or play a musical instrument, you can connect a musical instrument or a microphone to your computer and record your performances in your GarageBand projects.

Each recording appears as a region in a track in the timeline. You can add effects to the track, and edit the region in the editor.
Connecting a Musical Instrument or Microphone
You can connect an electric musical instrument or microphone to your computer and record it in a Real Instrument track. You can connect a microphone to your computer using the computers audio input port, if your computer has one. You can also connect an audio interface to your computer, then connect instruments and microphones to the audio interface for recording. Audio interfaces are available in a variety of compatible formats, including USB, FireWire, PCI, and PC card formats. You can also connect an audio mixer or console to your computer, and record microphones or instruments through the mixer. If you use an audio interface to connect musical instruments, check the manufacturers specifications to make sure the interface is compatible with Mac OS X 10.2.6 or later. Also make sure the audio interface uses a format supported by your computer. Follow the manufacturers instructions, which may include installing the correct driver on your computer. If you connect an instrument or microphone to your computers audio input port, open System Preferences, click the button for Sound preferences, click the Input tab in the Sound pane, select Line In in the sound input list, then drag the Input volume slider to set the input level.
Connecting a Music Keyboard to Your Computer
If you play a keyboard instrument, you can connect a MIDI-compatible music keyboard to your computer to play and record Software Instruments. To connect a music keyboard to play Software Instruments: If the keyboard is a USB MIDI keyboard, connect the USB cable to the keyboard and to your computer. If the keyboard is a standard MIDI keyboard, connect the keyboard to a MIDI interface using standard MIDI cables, and connect the interface to your computer. Be sure to follow the instructions that came with the keyboard, which may include installing the correct driver on your computer. Connecting Other Music Equipment You may also want to connect speakers or monitors to your computer to hear your projects play back with greater audio quality than possible from your computers speaker. A variety of monitors and speakers are available, including speakers you can connect directly to your computer's audio out port, through a USB port, or using an audio interface. If you connect an audio interface to your computer, you set the audio interface as the audio input device for GarageBand. Before setting the audio input device, be sure to install any necessary driver software for the audio interface. To set an audio interface as the audio input device: 1 Choose GarageBand > Preferences, then click Audio/MIDI. 2 In the Audio/MIDI pane, choose the audio interface from the Audio Input pop-up menu. If you connect a microphone, an instrument, or other audio device directly to your computers audio input port, you set may need to configure input settings for it in the Sound pane of System Preferences. To configure input settings in System Preferences: 1 Choose Apple () > System Preferences, then click Sound. 2 In the Sound pane, click the Input button. 3 Select Line In from the sound input devices list, then drag the Input volume slider to set the input level.

GarageBand Getting Started
Includes a tour of the GarageBand window and step-by-step tutorials to help you start creating music and podcasts with GarageBand.

Contents

Chapter 1
Welcome to GarageBand What Youll Learn Before You Begin What You Need to Get Started Where to Go for Help Finding Out More GarageBand at a Glance GarageBand Window Timeline Editor For Real Instruments For Software InstrumentsGraphic View For Software InstrumentsNotation View For Podcasts and MoviesMarker View Loop Browser Button View and Podcast Sounds View Column View Track Info Pane Real and Software Instrument Tracks Master Track Media Browser Tutorial 1: Creating, Playing, and Saving GarageBand Projects Creating a New Project Creating a Project Automatically with Magic GarageBand Playing Your Project Saving Projects Tutorial 2: Adding Apple Loops Finding Loops You Want to Use Finding Loops in Column View Finding Loops in Button View Previewing Loops

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

38 Chapter 58 59
Refining Your Loop Searches Showing Loops from a Specific Jam Pack or Folder Searching by Scale Type Limiting Searches to Nearby Keys Searching by Name Adding Loops to the Timeline Changing Apple Loops in the Same Family Creating Your Own Apple Loops Adding Loops to the Loop Library Tutorial 3: Recording Vocals and Musical Instruments Adding a Real Instrument Track Getting Ready to Record Recording a Real Instrument Recording Multiple Takes with the Cycle Region Recording on Several Tracks at the Same Time Changing Real Instrument Settings Changing the Track Instrument Choosing the Input Source Adjusting the Recording Level Tuning Guitars and Other Instruments Tutorial 4: Playing and Recording Software Instruments Playing Software Instruments with Musical Typing Playing Software Instruments with the Onscreen Music Keyboard Getting Ready to Record a Software Instrument Recording a Software Instrument Recording a Software Instrument with the Cycle Region Changing Software Instrument Settings Viewing Note and Chord Names Tutorial 5: Working with Music Notation About Notation View Editing Notes in Notation View Adding Notes Selecting Notes Moving Notes Copying Notes Changing the Pitch of Notes Changing the Duration of Notes Deleting Notes Changing Note Velocity Adding Pedal Symbols

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 86

Changing the Clef Sign Printing Music Notation Tutorial 6: Arranging and Editing Your Music Arranging Basics Moving Regions Resizing Regions Looping Regions Splitting Regions Joining Regions Using the Arrange Track Editing Regions in the Editor Renaming Regions Transposing Regions Enhancing the Timing of Regions in a Real Instrument Track Enhancing the Timing of Items in a Software Instrument Track Enhancing the Tuning of Regions in a Real Instrument Track Setting Real Instrument Regions to Follow Their Original Tempo and Pitch Using Undo and Redo Tutorial 7: Mixing and Adding Effects What Is Mixing? Basic Mixing Setting Track Volume Levels Setting Track Pan Positions Setting the Overall (Master) Volume Adding a Fade-Out Adding Effects to a Project Types of Effects Adding Effects to a Track Turning Effects On and Off Adjusting Effects Settings Creating and Saving an Effect Preset Creating Changes over Time with Automation Curves Tutorial 8: Creating Podcasts Creating an Enhanced Podcast Episode Creating a Podcast Project Recording the Podcast Audio Adding Podcast Sounds Importing Media Files Adding Music Adding and Editing Markers

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 101

Adding Marker Region Artwork Adding a URL to a Marker Adding Chapter Titles Deleting Markers Adding Episode Artwork Editing Artwork Editing Episode Information Ducking Backing Tracks Creating Video Podcasts and Movie Projects Importing a Movie or Video File Viewing the Movie Working with the Movies Audio Track Adding Audio Adding Markers, Titles, and URLs to a Video Podcast Tutorial 9: Sharing Your Projects Sharing Music Projects Sharing Podcasts Sharing Video Podcasts Exporting Projects at the Optimum Loudness Keyboard Shortcuts Connecting Music Equipment to Your Computer Connecting a Musical Instrument or Microphone Connecting a Music Keyboard to Your Computer Connecting Other Music Equipment

Appendix A Appendix B

Welcome to GarageBand
GarageBand brings out the rock star in everyone. It puts a music studio on your computer, where the band is never late and always plays in tune. This document gives you useful information and step-by-step instructions for creating projects with GarageBand.

No matter what your level of musical knowledge or experience, GarageBand lets you unleash your musical creativity. With GarageBand, you can record, arrange, and mix your music, and share it with the world. GarageBand puts a complete recording studio, with pro-quality instruments and effects, at your fingertipsand the band will never show up late for the gig! Whether youre a pro or youve never played a note, you can make your own music using GarageBand.

What Youll Learn

The following chapters give you a tour of the GarageBand windows and an extensive tutorial to help you start creating your own projects. Youll learn to do the following: Create a new music project and make project settings (tempo, key, time) Add Apple Loops to start creating an arrangement Record using a microphone or an electric musical instrument Play and record the built-in Software Instruments Arrange your music in the timeline Mix your project and add effects Share your project (by sending it to another iLife application, exporting it to disk, or burning it to a CD) Create audio and video podcasts Add a musical score to an iMovie project or video There are also appendixes listing keyboard shortcuts and describing how to connect music equipment to your computer.

Before You Begin

To make it easier to follow the tutorials as you work, print each tutorial before you start. In many of the tasks shown in this document you need to choose menu commands. In the tutorials, and in GarageBand Help, menu commands appear like this: Choose Edit > Join Selected. The first term after Choose is the name of the menu in the GarageBand menu bar. The term (or terms) following the angle bracket is the command you choose from that menu.
What You Need to Get Started
All you need to create music in GarageBand is a Macintosh computer that meets the system requirements, as listed in the Read Me file. Optionally, you can use any of the following equipment to expand your music-making possibilities: A microphone to record your voice or an acoustic musical instrument An electric musical instrument, such as an electric guitar or bass An audio interface to connect microphones and music instruments to your computer A Universal Serial Bus (USB) or other MIDI-compatible music keyboard to play and record Software Instruments A pair of speakers or monitors to hear the music you create with greater audio quality

Where to Go for Help

You can access these resources for help as you complete the tutorial: Onscreen help: GarageBand comes with a built-in help system. With a GarageBand project open, choose Help > GarageBand Help. When the help page opens, type a word or phrase into the search field at the top of the page, or click one of the topic areas to get detailed instructions for completing specific tasks. Help tags: Help tags describe the functions of buttons, tools, and other onscreen items. To see a help tag, hold the pointer over an item for a few seconds.

Loop Browser

The loop browser lets you quickly search for loops to add to your projects. You can find loops using keywords for instrument, musical genre, or mood. You can also perform text searches and refine your results in several ways. The loop browser shows the tempo, key, and number of beats for each matching loop. You can preview loops in the loop browser before you add them to a project, and add more loops to GarageBand by dragging them onto the loop browser. The loop browser gives you three ways to find loops: button view, column view, and podcast sounds view.
Button View and Podcast Sounds View
In button view, the loop browser contains a set of keyword buttons. Click a button to show matching loops in the results list. Clicking multiple buttons narrows the results to those loops that match all of the selected keywords. Podcast sounds view is similar to column view, but with a different set of keywords featuring sound effects, jingles, and other loops suitable for podcasts. You work with the keywords in podcast sounds view the same way you do in column view.

A B C D E F

Keyword buttons: Click a keyword button to display matching loops in the results list. You can click multiple keyword buttons to narrow your results. Reset button: Deselects all currently selected buttons, so you can start a new search. View buttons: Click one of the buttons to show column view, button view, or podcast sounds view. Scale pop-up menu: Choose a scale type to see only loops using that musical scale. Search field: Type text in the field to see loops with the text in their file name or path. Preview volume slider: Drag the slider to adjust the volume of the loop being previewed.
Results list: Shows loops that match the selected keywords. Also displays the tempo, key, and number of beats for each loop. Click a loop in the results list to preview it. Click the Favs checkbox for a loop to add it to your favorites. Loop library pop-up menu: Choose the loops you want to show in the loop browser from the pop-up menu.

Column View

In column view, the loop browser features columns for keyword type, categories, and keywords. Click a keyword type to show categories for that type, click a category to show keywords, and then click a keyword to show matching loops in the results list. Clicking multiple keywords expands the results to those loops matching any of the selected keywords.

Tutorial 1: Creating, Playing, and Saving GarageBand Projects
GarageBand projects hold your music and all the changes you make.
You can create and save projects, add loops and record your own performances in the timeline, and play the project to hear your music. In this tutorial, youll learn how to: Create a new project Set the project tempo, time signature, and key Play the project Save the project

Creating a New Project

You start working in GarageBand by creating a project. Projects hold your music and all the changes you make. When you create a new project, you set the project tempo, key, and time signature. You can change these settings later in the LCD (liquid crystal display) or the Track Info pane. To create a new project: 1 Choose File > New. 2 When the GarageBand screen appears, select Create New Music Project. 3 In the New Project dialog, type a name for the project in the Save As field, and then browse to the location where you want to store the project.
4 Set the project tempo, time signature, and key, as described in the following steps.

Tempo slider

Scale pop-up menu

Time pop-up menu

Key pop-up menu
Setting the Tempo Each project has a speed, or tempo. The tempo defines the rate at which beats, the basic rhythmic pulse, occur in the project. The tempo is measured in beats per minute, or bpm. You can set the tempo to any speed between 60 and 240 bpm. The default tempo is 120 bpm, which is a common tempo used in popular music. 5 Set the project tempo by dragging the Tempo slider (drag left to make the tempo slower, or drag right to make it faster). You can also type a tempo in the Tempo field (marked bpm). Setting the Time Signature Each project has a time signature, which controls the relationship between beats and measures. A projects time signature consists of two numbers separated by a forward slash, which look similar to a fraction. The number on the left controls the number of beats in each measure, and the number on the right controls the beat value (the length of the note that gets one beat). You can use any of the following time signatures in a GarageBand project: 2/2, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 5/4, 7/4, 6/8, 7/8, 9/8, or 12/8. The default is 4/4, the most commonly used time signature. 6 Choose a time signature from the Time pop-up menu.

The Input Source menu lists all the available inputs for each audio device connected to your computer. If the instrument you are recording has a single input, choose a mono (monophonic) input. If the instrument has both left and right inputs, choose a stereo input. (You can change the audio device in the Audio Input pop-up menu in the Audio/ MIDI pane of GarageBand preferences.) 5 If you want to hear your microphone or instrument as you play, choose On (with or without Feedback Protection) from the Monitor pop-up menu. Turning on monitoring can cause feedback (loud, sharp noise) if the audio input picks up the output from your speakers. You can choose On with Feedback Protection to have GarageBand automatically turn off monitoring if feedback from the input source occurs. You can also avoid feedback by listening with headphones rather than speakers when you play or record. You can reduce possible feedback by making sure the microphone or instrument is pointed away from your speakers, and by turning down the master volume. You can also add a basic track. A basic track is a stereo Real Instrument track containing no effects. You can change the input source and effects settings of a basic track after adding it to the project. To add a basic track: m Choose Track > New Basic Track. The basic track appears in the timeline, and the Track Info pane opens. You can make the same input settings described in the previous section.

Getting Ready to Record

After you have connected your instrument and added a track to record in, there are a few things to check before you start recording: Make sure the microphone or instrument is connected properly and is working. Make sure the correct audio drivers are selected in the Audio/MIDI pane of GarageBand preferences. When you add a new audio device, GarageBand asks if you want to use the device for audio input and output. Open the Track Info pane to make sure the instrument has the instrument and effects settings you want, and is using the correct input source. See Changing Real Instrument Settings on page 44 for more information. Sing or play a few notes and watch the track's level meters in the track mixer to make sure the track is receiving input, and isn't clipping. If the red dots at the right of the level meters (called clipping indicators) light up, adjust the input level by dragging the Recording Level slider, selecting Automatic Level Control, or lowering the level of the audio device connected to your computer. Set the project tempo and key so you wont have to change them later.

Chapter 5 Tutorial 3: Recording Vocals and Musical Instruments
Recording a Real Instrument
Now youre ready to record your microphone or electric instrument to a Real Instrument track. To record to a Real Instrument track: 1 Click the header of the Real Instrument track you want to record in, to select the track. 2 Move the playhead to the point in the timeline where you want to start recording. 3 Choose Control > Count In to have the metronome play a one-measure count-in before recording starts to make it easier to start playing on the beat. (Alternatively, you can move the playhead a few beats before the point where you want the music to come in.) 4 Click the Record button in the transport controls to start recording.
5 Start playing your instrument or singing into your microphone. As you record, a new region appears in the selected Real Instrument track with the music you record. 6 When you are finished, click the Play button to stop recording. After a few moments, an audio waveform appears in the newly recorded region. Now you can listen to your new recording to see how you like it. To hear your new recording: 1 Move the playhead to the point in the timeline where the new region starts (align it with the left edge of the region). You can also move the playhead to an earlier point in the project, or to the beginning of the project, to hear the new recording in the context of the project. 2 Click the Play button, or press the Space bar.
Recording Multiple Takes with the Cycle Region
GarageBand lets you record over a specific part of a project by setting a cycle region in the timeline. When you record using the cycle region, you can record multiple versions, or takes, and then choose which take you want to use. To set the cycle region: 1 Click the Cycle button. The cycle region appears as a yellow strip just below the beat ruler. 2 Move the cycle region to the point in the timeline where you want to start recording, then drag the end of the cycle region to the point in the timeline where you want to end recording. You can drag in the cycle region ruler (below the beat ruler) to move the cycle region to a new part of the timeline.
Drag the end of the cycle region to change its length
You may want to have the cycle region start a few extra beats before the point where you want to start recording, to make it easier to start playing on the beat, and end a few beats after you want to stop recording, in case your last note extends past the end of the cycle region. To record multiple takes using the cycle region: 1 Select the Real Instrument track you want to record in. 2 Click the Record button to start recording. 3 Play your musical instrument or sing into your microphone. As you record, a new region appears in the selected Real Instrument track. 4 When you are finished, click the Play button to stop the cycle region. 5 If you want to record additional takes, click the Record button and play the part again. 6 When you have finished using the cycle region, click the Cycle button again to turn it off. When you record multiple takes, the recorded region has a circle in its upper-left corner showing the selected take (the one you will hear). You can choose and listen to different takes to decide which one you like best.

Changing Note Velocity

For many Software Instruments, the sound changes depending on the notes velocity. You can change the velocity of notes in notation view, in the same way as in graphic view. To change a notes velocity: m Select the note, then drag the Velocity slider left (to lower the velocity) or right (to raise the velocity).

Adding Pedal Symbols

Music notation for piano and some other instruments includes symbols for the sustain pedal. When the sustain pedal is down, the instrument sustains all notes until the pedal is released (up). You can add pedal down and pedal up symbols, which control whether the notes are sustained in GarageBand. To add pedal down and up symbols: 1 Click the Note Value button and choose the pedal symbol from the menu. 2 Hold down the Command key and place the pointer in the editor at the point where you want the pedal down marker. 3 Press the mouse button. The pedal down symbol appears at the current position of the pointer. If you release the mouse button, the pedal up symbol is placed shortly after the pedal down symbol.
4 Without releasing the mouse button, drag to the point where you want the pedal up marker. 5 Release the mouse button. The pedal up symbol appears at the current position of the pointer.
To move the pedal up symbol: 1 Click the pedal symbol to select it. The pedal down and pedal up symbols become green, indicating that they are selected. 2 Drag the pedal up symbol to its new position, then release the mouse button.

Changing the Clef Sign

By default, when you view a Software Instrument track as music notation, it shows the treble and bass clefs in piano style. This format is useful for pianos, synthesizers, and other instruments with a wide range of notes. However, some instruments, particularly solo (single-note) instruments such as strings and winds, can use only a single clef, the treble or bass clef. You can change the notation view display to show only a single treble or bass clef, and later change it back to the piano style two-clef display. To change the clef sign in notation view: 1 Click the clef (or between the clefs) on the left side of the notation display. A menu appears showing the different clefs. 2 Choose a new clef from the menu.

Joining Regions

You can join multiple regions into a single region. To be joined, the regions must be adjacent to each other on the same track, with no space between them. Real Instrument regions from loops (blue) can't be joined. Recorded Real Instrument regions (purple) can be joined only to other Real Instrument regions, and Software Instrument regions (green) can be joined only to other Software Instrument regions. To join regions: 1 Make sure the regions are the same type, on the same track, and adjacent to each other. 2 Select the regions. 3 Choose Edit > Join. When you join Real Instrument regions, a dialog appears asking if you want to create a new audio file. Click Create to join the regions in a new Real Instrument region.

Using the Arrange Track

The GarageBand timeline includes an arrange track. You can add arrange regions to the arrange track to define different sections of a project, such as the intro, verse, and chorus. You can also move and copy arrange regions to easily rearrange the sections of your project. When you move or copy an arrange region, the music in all of the tracks in that section of the project is moved or copied. If any automation curves are active in that section of the project, including the master track, their control points are moved or copied as well.
To show the arrange track: m Choose Track > Show Arrange Region (or press Command-Shift-A). The arrange track appears at the top of the timeline, below the beat ruler. To add an arrange region: m Click the small plus sign (+) in the track header area of the arrange track. When you add an arrange region, it is four measures long, and has the name untitled.
Click here to add an arrange region Arrange region

Arrange track

To rename an arrange region: m Click the name of the region, wait a moment, and then type a new name. To select an arrange region: m Click the arrange region. You can select multiple adjacent arrange regions by Shift-clicking, but you cannot select arrange regions that are not adjacent. You can select all arrange regions by clicking the track header area of the arrange track. When you select an arrange region, it appears light blue, and the section of the project defined by it is highlighted. To resize an arrange region: m Drag the right edge of the region until it is the size you want. Resizing an arrange region does not affect the music in the timeline. To move an arrange region: m Drag it to a different part of the arrange track. To copy an arrange region: m Select the region, then choose Edit > Copy. You can also copy an arrange region by holding down the Option key as you drag it. If you move or copy an arrange region between two existing arrange regions, the region is inserted between the two existing regions. The region later in time moves (along with all its material) to the point in time where the inserted region ends. This lets you quickly repeat similar sections, for instance verses of a song.

Setting Real Instrument Regions to Follow Their Original Tempo and Pitch
By default, Real Instrument recordings (purple) and Real Instrument loops (blue) in the timeline follow the project tempo and key. You can set a Real Instrument region to keep its original tempo and pitch instead. To set a Real Instrument region to follow its original tempo and pitch: 1 In the timeline, select the Real Instrument region. 2 Open the editor. 3 Deselect the Follow Tempo & Pitch checkbox. If you decide you want the region to follow the project tempo and key, select the region, then select the Follow Tempo & Pitch checkbox.
The Follow Tempo & Pitch checkbox is unavailable when an audio file (orange), a Real Instrument loop tagged as a one-shot, or a Software Instrument region (green) is selected. You can convert a Software Instrument loop to a Real Instrument loop when you add it to the timeline, and then set the Real Instrument loop to keep its original tempo.

Using Undo and Redo

As you build your arrangement in the timeline, you might want to undo or redo some of the changes you make. If you decide you dont like the last change you made to a project, you can usually undo it. After undoing it, if you decide you like the project better with the change, you can redo it. You can also use the Undo and Redo commands as a quick way of trying out changes to a project. You can make several changes to the project, and then step back through the changes using Undo. If you change your mind after undoing a step, you can recover the changes using Redo. You can undo or redo any number of actions since the last time you saved. At any point, you can save a new version of the project by choosing File > Save As. To undo the last change: m Choose Edit > Undo. To redo the last change: m Choose Edit > Redo.
Tutorial 7: Mixing and Adding Effects
GarageBand puts a complete recording studio on your desktop so you can mix your projects and add professional-sounding effects.
In this tutorial, youll learn some basics about mixing and effects. Youll learn how to: Set track volume levels and pan position Set the master volume Add a fade-out at the end of a project Add and adjust track effects Graphically edit the Visual EQ effect Edit and save effect presets Add dynamic changes using automation curves

Drag in one of the four bands to graphically adjust the Visual EQ Click the Analyzer checkbox to see the tracks frequency curve
To save an effect preset: 1 Adjust the settings for the preset to get the sound you want. 2 Choose Make Preset from the pop-up menu, then type a name for the preset in the Save dialog.
Creating Changes over Time with Automation Curves
Creating changes over time is called automation. You can add automation curves to tracks in GarageBand, including the master track, and use them to create volume, pan, and other changes. To show a tracks automation curves: m Click the triangle to the right of the Solo button in the tracks header. A row appears below the track, showing the volume automation curve.
To choose the automation curve you want to edit: m From the pop-up menu on the left side of the tracks automation row, choose the parameter you want to edit. Now you can automate the parameter by adding control points to the curve, and then dragging the control points to change their value at that point in time. To add a control point: m Click the line in the editor at the point in time where you want to add a control point. Note: Adding a control point activates the curve if it is not already active. The square button becomes colored to show that the curve is active. To adjust a control point, do one of the following: Drag the control point up or down to a new value. Drag the control point left or right to move it to a different point in time. You can use the vertical lines in the row to align control points with measures and beats in the timeline. For Real and Software Instrument tracks, you can automate Track Volume and Track Pan. For the master track, you can automate Master Volume, Master Pitch, and Master Tempo. You can also automate parameters for any effect on a track (including the master track) by adding an automation curve for the parameter. To add an automation curve for an effect parameter: 1 From the pop-up menu on the left side of the tracks automation row, choose Add Automation. A menu appears, listing all the effects on the track. 2 Click the disclosure triangle for the effect with the parameter you want to automate. 3 Select the checkbox for the parameter you want to automate. You can select multiple parameters. 4 When you are done, click OK. The parameter appears in the pop-up menu, and the automation curve switches to show the automation for the last selected effect parameter. You can also lock automation control points to regions, so that when you move the region in the timeline, the control points move with it.
To lock automation control points to regions: m Choose Control > Lock Automation Curves to Regions. All control points are locked to the region corresponding to the automation curve. The following conditions apply to locking control points to regions: Shortening or lengthening a region has no effect on its control points. Deleting a region deletes its control points as well. If you overlap a region containing control points with another region, both the control points as well as the region are shortened. If you drag a region containing no control points over part of a track containing control points, the control points are locked to the new region. Looping a region does not loop its control pointsinstead, copy the region. To delete an automation curve for an effect parameter: 1 From the pop-up menu on the left side of the tracks automation row, choose Add Automation. 2 When the menu appears, deselect the checkbox for the parameter you want to delete. You can select multiple parameters. 3 When you are done, click OK. Note: When you delete an automation curve, all the control points on that curve are also deleted. This cannot be undone.

Adding Podcast Sounds

GarageBand includes a set of sounds designed for you to use in podcasts. You can access these sounds, which include jingles, stingers, and sound effects, in the loop browser in podcast sounds view. Podcast sounds view features a different set of keyword buttons so you can easily find and add podcast sounds. You find loops in podcast sounds view in the same way as in button view. To search for loops in podcast sounds view: 1 If the loop browser is closed, click the Loop Browser button to open it. 2 Click the podcast button (with the radiating sound wave) in the lower-left corner of the loop browser to switch to podcast sounds view. 3 Click a keyword button to show matching loops in the results list. The columns in the results list show the loop name and length for each loop. For jingles, note that there are several versions of some jingles, of different lengths. 4 To refine your results, click multiple keyword buttons. This narrows the matching loops to only those that match all of the selected keywords. 5 Click a loop to preview it in the loop browser. 6 To end a search, either click the selected keyword again to deselect it, or click the Reset button to deselect all selected keywords. For more information about searching for loops, see Tutorial 2: Adding Apple Loops on page 30.

Importing Media Files

You can import media files from other iLife applications, including iTunes and iPhoto, into a podcast project. You can also import other GarageBand projects that have been saved with an iLife preview. You can find and preview media files in the Media Browser. You can also add other folders to the Media Browser, so you can add media files in the folders to your projects. To find and preview media files in the Media Browser: 1 Click the Media Browser button (the icon shows different types of media), or choose Control > Show Media Browser. The Media Browser opens to the right of the timeline. 2 Do one of the following: a Click the Audio button to view files in the iTunes library, as well as other GarageBand projects. b Click the Photos button to view files in the iPhoto library. c Click the Movies button to view files in the Movie folder on your hard drive. 3 In the Media Browser, navigate to the folder containing the files you want to use. You can also search for files by name by typing in the search field. To preview audio files and movies in the Media Browser, do one of the following: Select the file in the media list, then click the Play button at the bottom of the Media Browser. Double-click the file in the media list.

Creating Video Podcasts and Movie Projects
Creating a video podcast is similar to creating an audio podcast, except that the video podcast includes a video file and does not include artwork. You can import an iMovie project or other QuickTime-compatible video file, view the video as you add audio, add and edit markers, and send the finished movie (containing both video and audio) to iDVD to burn to a DVD or send it to iWeb to publish as a video podcast. You can also export it as a QuickTime movie. When you have created your video podcast in GarageBand, you can send it to iWeb or export it and publish it using another application.
Importing a Movie or Video File
You can import an iMovie project or other video file from the Media Browser. The Media Browser lets you quickly locate iMovie projects and other video files in your computers Movies folder, as well as other media files. For information about finding and importing iMovie projects and video files using the Media Browser, see Importing Media Files on page 84. When you import a movie, the file appears in the movie track, beginning at the start of the project. You cant change the position of the movie in a project. Note: A project can contain only one movie or video file. If you import a movie into a project that already contains one, a dialog appears asking if you want to replace the existing movie with the new one.

Viewing the Movie

When you import a movie into a project, the movie track appears at the top of the timeline, showing still frames from the movie. The Track Info pane appears in place of the Media Browser, with a video preview at the top where you can view the movie as you play the project. To show the movie track and video preview: m Choose Track > Show Movie Track. You can hide the movie track and video preview by choosing Track > Hide Movie Track.
Working with the Movies Audio Track
If the movie contains an audio track, a new Real Instrument track named Movie Sound is created below the movie track for the movies audio. You can edit the Movie Sound track exactly as you would edit any Real Instrument track: you can mute or solo it, adjust the volume level and pan position, and add effects. Note: If you mute the Movie Sound track, the movies audio will not be included when you send the movie to iDVD or iWeb or when you export it as a QuickTime movie.

Appendix A Keyboard Shortcuts
Action Notation view Move selected notes to previous grid position Move selected notes to next grid position Move selected notes back one measure Move selected notes forward one measure Transpose selected notes up a semitone Transpose selected notes down a semitone Transpose selected notes up an octave Transpose selected notes down an octave Adjusting master volume Raise master volume Lower master volume Showing windows and editors Show track mixer Show Track Info pane Show loop browser Show Media Browser Show editor Show Tuner in LCD Show Chords in LCD Show Time in LCD Show Measures in LCD Show Tempo in LCD Show onscreen keyboard Show Musical Typing window File menu functions New Open Close Save Save As
Shortcut Left Arrow Right Arrow Shift-Left Arrow Shift-Right Arrow Up Arrow Down Arrow Shift-Up Arrow Shift-Down Arrow
Command-Up Arrow Command-Down Arrow
Command-Y Command-I Command-L Command-R Command-E Command-F (with a Real Instrument track selected) Command-F (with a Software Instrument track selected) Command-Shift-F Command-Option-F Command-Control-F Command-K Command-Shift-K
Command-N Command-O Command-W Command-S Command-Shift-S
Action Application menu functions Show GarageBand Preferences Hide GarageBand Hide other applications Quit GarageBand Help menu functions GarageBand Help
Shortcut Command-comma (,) Command-H Command-Option-H Command-Q
Command-question mark (?)
Connecting Music Equipment to Your Computer
If you sing or play a musical instrument, you can connect a musical instrument or a microphone to your computer and record your performances in your GarageBand projects.
Each recording appears as a region in a track in the timeline. You can add effects to the track, and edit the region in the editor.
Connecting a Musical Instrument or Microphone
You can connect an electric musical instrument or microphone to your computer and record it in a Real Instrument track. You can connect a microphone to your computer using the computers audio input port, if your computer has one. You can also connect an audio interface to your computer, and then connect instruments and microphones to the audio interface for recording. Audio interfaces are available in a variety of compatible formats, including USB, FireWire, PCI, and PC card formats. You can also connect an audio mixer or console to your computer, and record microphones or instruments through the mixer. If you use an audio interface to connect musical instruments, check the manufacturers specifications to make sure the interface is compatible with Mac OS X 10.2.6 or later. Also make sure the audio interface uses a format supported by your computer. Follow the manufacturers instructions, which may include installing the correct driver on your computer. If you connect an instrument or microphone to your computers audio input port, open System Preferences and click Sound, click the Input tab, select Line In in the sound input list, and then drag the Input volume slider to set the input level.