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What is Adobe Photoshop 7.0?
Photoshop, now up to version 7.0, is the leading professional image-editing program, released by Adobe. Photoshop is useful for both creating and editing images to be used in print or online. Easy to use, but full of high-quality features, Photoshop is the best choice for any image manipulation job.
Opening Adobe Photoshop 7.0
Click the "Start" menu and go to the "Programs" folder. You will see an "Adobe" folder with "Photoshop 7.0" inside; click this icon.
Photoshop will initially open with a tool panel and a variety of windows, all of which look incredibly intimidating at first. You can ignore the right-most set of windows for now. First, lets familiarize ourselves with the main menu.
File create new images, open pre-existing images, print, exit the program, etc. Edit undo, copy, paste, cut, preferences, basic image manipulation, etc. Image change the image or canvas size, rotate, adjust brightness & contrast, etc. Layer Create / delete layers, merge layers together, layer effects, etc. Select Adjust the selected area of your image Filter Apply filters and effects to your images View Zoom in and out of your images Window Open or close different windows within Photoshop
Creating a New Canvas / Image
Go to the File menu and select New (or press Ctrl+N).
A window will appear asking you how large you would like your canvas (or working area) to be. Pick a size large enough to work with; you can always crop your image later, so its better to have too large an area than too small an area. For comparisons sake, your monitors total space is probably 1024 x 768. Make your decision, and click OK.
Your canvas will open as a blank, white window. The top of it will say Untitled (until you save it), and will be at 100% (unless it is too large to fit on the screen at once, in which case it may appear at 66.7% or smaller).
Opening a Pre-existing Image
Go to the File menu and select Open (or press Ctrl+O).
Find the image on your computer that you wish to edit, and click Open. Your image will open in a new window within Photoshop.

Editing an Image

Once you have an image created or opened, you can edit or draw on top of it with Photoshops Tools window, which is the long, thin window that is automatically open on the left side. Here is a break down of all the tools contained on this bar:
1. Marquee Tool used for selecting areas of an image 2. Move Tool used for moving an image to a different area of the canvas 3. Lasso Tool used for selecting areas of an image that may not necessarily be comprised of straight lines 4. Magic Wand Tool used for autoselecting large areas of an image that are similar in color 5. Crop Tool used for reducing the image to a certain area (cropping) 6. Slice Tool used to slice an image into different sections; generally used for the creation of images for a web page design 7. Healing Brush Tool used to fix imperfections in an image by copying other pixels from the image. The Healing Brush tool will also match the texture, lighting, and shading to perfectly match the are you are fixing 8. Brush Tool used with the mouse to simply draw lines on your image
9. Clone Stamp Tool used to clone or copy one area of an image to another; first hold Alt and click an area of the image to copy, then click on a different area to copy it there 10. History Brush Tool used to copy and draw a pre-existing image in different artistic styles 11. Eraser Tool used to erase certain areas of an image 12. Gradient Tool used to create gradient fills for an image, of any color 13. Blur Tool used to blur or blend areas of an image 14. Dodge Tool used to uniquely adjust the brightness and contrast of an image 15. Path Selection Tool used merge overlapping components into a single component 16. Type Tool used to place text on an image 17. Pen Tool used to draw lines and curves with better precision 18. Rectangle Tool used to draw rectangles and other polygons 19. Notes Tool used to leave notes for yourself on your image 20. Eyedropper Tool used to select and match specific colors 21. Hand Tool used to quickly view different areas of an image 22. Zoom Tool used to zoom in and out of an image 23. Set Foreground / Background Color used to set the foreground (front) and background (back) colors of an image; can also be used to change the colors of text, etc. Click on the boxes to change the colors (a new window will appear). 24. Edit Modes used to switch back and forth between modes 25. Switch Screen Modes used to switch between full screen and standard screen modes 26. Jump to ImageReady used to easily launch the ImageReady program

Understanding Layers

One of Photoshops most powerful features is the ability to create and use multiple layers within the same image. A layer is literally what it sounds like: one layer on top of another, all of which can be edited independently of each other and laid on top of or beneath one another, and then later combined to form a single, flat image. When you first create an image, you will be working with the Background layer. You cannot always use all effects on a background layer, so you may wish to start working directly with normal layers. To create a new layer, click the Layer menu, and pick Layer from the New menu (or click Shift+Ctrl+N).
In the new window that pops up, click OK. Now look down in the bottom-right of the screen to the lower-most window, which we havent looked at yet. It will have three tabs on it: Layers, Channels, and Paths. Well be staying on the main Layers tab, for now. It should look something like this:
You will notice that Layer 1 is above Background in the window. This means that anything thats on Layer 1 will take priority over anything in the Background layer. Things in the Background layer will be obscured by things in Layer 1. Why would you want to do this? You can switch back and forth between layers to move items independently of items in other layers, allowing you to lay things out exactly as you want. So what are all these options in the layers window?
1. Paintbrush Symbol This symbol (and the blue shading of the layer) notes the currently active layer 2. Show / Hide Layer When the eye icon is visible, the layer is displayed in your project. If the eye is clicked, then the layer is hidden but not deleted. 3. Link Icon Indicates if the layer is currently linked to another layer. When linked, layers act locked together (and will move with each other, accordingly), but still remain separate layers. Layers can be linked together by selecting one layer, and then clicking the boxes in the other layers to display the Link icon (number three on the above list and image). 4. Background The Background is technically not a layer, however, it can be edited. It is the bottom-most portion of the image. 5. Layer Each layer has its own name (default is by numbering). Click a layers name to edit on that layer. 6. Text Layer Adding text creates a new text-specific layer.

7. Effects When you add effects to a layer, a sub-menu appears with that layer listing the effect applied to it. Double-click an effects name to bring up that effects menu to make adjustments. 8. Add a Layer Style By picking an option from this menu (such as Drop Shadow, Inner Glow, or Bevel and Emboss), you can apply special effects to a layer. 9. Add a Mask Masks are used to hide pixels on a layer in order to view the rest of the image. Layer masks are either a black or white background color. The default color is white, which lets pixels be seen, while black hides pixels. 10. Create a New Set By making a new set, you can create a separate folder for layer storage. 11. Create New Fill or Adjustment Layer The options in this menu allow you to change the color properties and dimensions of a layer. For example, you can make a layer lighter or darker, add a gradient (a blending of two colors), or invert the entire layer. 12. Create a New Layer Clicking on this icon creates a new layer. You can name your layer in the text box that appears and position it in the palette. 13. Delete a Layer Deletes the currently selected layer. You can also drag a layer to the trash. 14. Opacity Use this to adjust a layers opacity (its transparency). Some notes about layers: Layers can be repositioned in different orders in the Layers palette by clicking on a layer and dragging it to a new position in the palette. To make a layer appear on the top-most part of the image, drag it higher up on the list. Do the opposite to position a layer at the bottom-most area of an image. Only a selected layer can be edited. To select a layer, click on the layer name in the palette. You can only work with layers in a *.psd file (Photoshops native format). If you want to modify a *.gif or *.jpg file (or any other type of image file) with layers, copy and paste that image into a new, blank Photoshop canvas.
Switching Back and Forth Between Layers
The layer thats selected under the Layers tab will be the one changes are made to when working on the canvas. If you wish to work on a different layer, click the name of that layer. Remember, if you want to bring a different layer to the front of the image, click and drag it above or below to where you want it.

Cropping an Image

If an image is too large and you would like to cut it to just focus on one section of the image, you can crop it to that size and area. Select the Crop tool, and click and drag around the area you want.
You can resize the area (or rotate it) with the mouse by clicking any of the corners. When youre done, just click over to any other tool and a window will appear asking you if youd like to crop the image. Click yes, and the image will be reduced to the area youve specified.

Resizing an Image

If you dont want to crop your image (meaning you want the ENTIRE image, just at a smaller size), you can resize your image to any dimensions you wish. Select Image Size from the Image menu.
The default in Photoshop is to keep image resizing at Constrain Proportions. This means that if the height is changed, the width will be changed at the same ratio. This keeps your image looking approximately the same, only at different sizes. If
you wish to change this, just un-click the Constrain Proportions check box at the bottom of the Image Size window.
You can change the image size either by pixels or percentages. Use either you wish to either enlarge or reduce the size of your image (keep in mind that enlarging images will reduce the quality).

Moving an Image

You can move an image to any area of the canvas you wish. Select the Move tool, and click and drag the image to any area of the canvas you wish.
Selecting / Deleting a Part of an Image
Choose the Marquee tool, and click and drag around a part of an image. A rotating, dotted line will surround that area. To delete this section that youve selected, hit the Delete key on your keyboard.
The Magic Wand can select a larger area of an image by grabbing similar looking pixels and grouping them together. Select the Magic Wand tool and click an area of an image. It will select a large portion of the area which you can move, delete, etc.

Adding Text

Click the Text tool on the tool bar and click in your image where youd like to add text.
The text will appear on top of the image, and it will be on its own new layer. You can change the font, style, size, anti-aliasing, and color of your text on the menu directly below the main Photoshop menu.

Altering Your Images

Photoshops most powerful aspect is its ability to edit and manipulate images easily and with professional quality. The second section of the tool menu contains tools that specifically help you to edit your images. When you click any of these tools, Photoshops sub-main menu will change to reflect new options available to you. Most will look something like this, or very similar:
1. Name The name of the tool youre using. 2. Brush Picker Here you can select the diameter, hardness, and spacing of the brush / tool you are using. 3. Mode Effect mode 4. Opacity The transparency of the tools effects. 5. Flow The flow rate of the stroke. 6. Airbrush Click to enable airbrush capabilities with the tool. Brush / Pencil Tool The Brush tool can be right-clicked to also show the Pencil tool as an option. Both are very simple tools that allow you to directly draw on top of an image. Select a color with the Foreground Color option on the tool bar, and select a brush size from

the tools sub-main menu, above. Click and drag across an image to draw on top of it.
Clone Tool The Clone tool will copy pixels from one part of an image and copy them to a new part of the image. The Clone tool is most useful in situations such as removing blemishes from a face in a photograph, clearing a few clouds out of a bright blue sky, etc. Choose the Clone tool. Hold the Alt button on your keyboard, and click in an area of the image that youd like to copy. Now click elsewhere in the image, and move the cursor around. The image will clone itself to that second area.
Eraser Tool The eraser simply deletes sections of an image. Click the Eraser tool, and click and drag around your image. The eraser will erase the image to whats set as the Background color.
Gradient / Paint Bucket Tool The Gradient tool can be used on its own, or right-clicked to also select the Paint Bucket tool.
A gradient is a horizontal fading of colors, most commonly used in the creation of banners for web pages. Select the Gradient tool, and go to the sub-main menu for a drop-down of available gradients. The default is the most common.
Once youve selected which gradient you wish (and a color in the Foreground color tool), just click and drag across your image. The direction you drag (left to right, right to left, etc.) determines the flow of the gradient.
The Paint Bucket lets you fill in a large section with the same color. Select the Paint Bucket by right-clicking the Gradient tool, and click in an area of your image. It will fill with the color selected as the Foreground color.
Blur Tool The Blur tool is useful for covering up small distortions in an image by blending the surrounding pixels together. To blur something, select the Blur tool, and click and drag around the area you wish to blur.

Rotating an Image

You can rotate and flip your image in any direction you wish. In the Rotate Canvas list under the Image menu, theres a wide variety of options to choose from.
If you select Arbitrary for a rotation, a new window will appear asking you for the direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise) and the degree of the rotation.

Drawing Shapes

While Photoshops main power is in manipulation of images, its also possible to draw your own (as seen with the pencil and pen tools). The Rectangle tool (and all of its sub-tools) allows you to draw shapes on a canvas. To draw a simple rectangle, pick a Foreground color (which will be the fill color for the shape), select the Rectangle tool, and click and drag on the canvas until its the size you wish.

Note that drawing a shape will create a new layer. You can draw a wide variety of shapes with the Rectangle tool and its sub-tools, including the Custom Shape Tool, which gives you even more options. Select the Custom Shapes Tool (by right-clicking the Rectangle tool), and look through your options in the drop-down box from the sub-main menu.
Your choices include word bubbles, arrows, and even shapes that dont fill themselves in with a color.

Eyedropper Tool

When working with images, you may find that you want to reselect a color youve used, but arent sure exactly what color it is. You can use the Eyedropper tool to reselect that exact color for you. Select the Eyedropper tool, and click anywhere on an image that has the color you want to select.
The Foreground color will change itself to the color youve selected.

Zoom Tool

If you find that you need to zoom in or out of your image for any reason (for example, to be more precise in deleting areas), you can use the Zoom tool. Click the Zoom tool (it looks like a magnifying glass). If you click once on your image, it will zoom to double its size (100% to 200%, and so on).
If you right-click, you can select the Zoom Out, which will reduce its size. Note that this doesnt actually change the size of the image. It simply changes your view of the image on the canvas.

History

One of Photoshops most powerful and useful abilities is the option to go back in the history of your image. This means that at any point, you can go back to a previous version of your image. This is particularly useful if you find youve made a mistake several steps back. Youll notice that the History window (which can be opened via the Windows >> History menu if its not already open) lists all of the steps youve made in your image.
To go back to any of these instances, just click the name of one of the steps, and your image will go back to how it previously looked at that point in time.
Brightness & Contrast
Sometimes when working with images, you may need to adjust the brightness and/or contrast (especially with scanned images). Photoshop makes this very easy. Select Brightness/Contrast from the Adjustments >> Image menu.
A new window will appear allowing you to slide the brightness and contrast any way you wish.

The Brightness/Contrast command lets you make adjustments to the overall tonal range of an image. Adjustments made in here will affect every pixel in your image, unless a selection is made beforehand.

Layer Styles

You can do much more with layers other than piling images on top of each other. Once you have added images or text to a layer, you can add distinctive styles to them, making them stand out even more. Once youve added an item to a layer (such as text), click the Add a layer style button in the Layers window. A list of styles will appear which you can add to your layer.
The most common layer style you will see and use is the traditional Drop Shadow. Click Drop Shadow to bring up the Layer Style window, which will automatically open to the Drop Shadow section.
Opacity refers to the transparency of the shadow (how well can you see it / see through it). The Angle is the angle at which the imaginary light is coming from to create the shadow. Distance is the amount of space near or away from the object or text the shadow appears. Spread refers to the thickness or solidity of the shadow. Size is, simply, how big the shadow is. Experiment with the different settings. Youll notice that as you adjust these settings, your image on the canvas will take on the changes. This is just a preview; none of the changes will actually take effect until you click OK.
There are a wide variety of layer styles. Experiment with the different layer styles to find one (or a combination of some) that suit your needs. For example, Inner Glow will create textures and colors within your text or objects, while Outer Glow will do the same outside your objects (similar to a Drop Shadow).

Filters

Photoshop has a wide variety of filters you can apply to your images. They include obvious ones such as blurring and sharpening, but also very advanced ones such as ripples, distortions, and rendering clouds. You can browse through the available filters by selecting the Filters menu.
Play around with the available filters, and remember that you can undo your actions at any time with the History window.

Saving Images PSD Format

If you are working with a very complex image (lots of layers, filters, etc.), you may want to think about saving it. Saving as a PSD file (Photoshops native format) allows you to open it up again with all the layers and such intact. If you save it as another type of image, Photoshop will flatten the image. To save your image as a PSD, just select Save from the File menu, and select a place on your hard drive or disk to save it.

Saving Images For the Web
On the Internet, there are two file types for images on websites that are the most predominant: GIF (*.gif) and JPEG (*.jpg). The GIF format is geared towards images that do not need to be viewed with a large amount of colors. The standard GIF file will be of 256 colors or less. This is perfect for the Internet, and more specifically, images that will appear directly on a web page. The JPEG format is geared toward images of a real world or natural sense, such as photographs. JPEG images are generally of thousands of colors or grayscale. JPEG can hold up to 16 million colors. High quality, larger images stored in a websites Image Gallery may be saved as JPEGs. Photoshop comes with features specifically geared to optimize pictures for the web.
Select Save for the Web from the File menu.
Saving as a GIF File Underneath Settings, select GIF from the drop-down menu. One of the most important features in this menu is the Colors setting. The more colors your image has, the more colors you should allow your GIF to have. However, since you want to create optimized images for the web, it is best to use as little possible color as possible, while still saving a clear image. If your image has very few colors, you should change the color setting to reflect the small number of colors. The small the number of colors, the small the file size the GIF will have. If you want, your image can have a solid outline color. You can choose this by going to the Matte selection, and picking a color. Other options in this menu need not be changed. These are standard defaults for saving GIFs. When you are ready, click Save and save the image by giving it a file name.
Saving as a JPEG File Underneath Settings, select JPEG from the drop-down menu. Go to the dropdown menu with JPEG High displayed. There you can determine the quality of the image for the web. Naturally, higher quality images will have a larger file size. It is not necessary that images be extremely high quality. Usually, Medium is a good

setting to choose. To refine the quality of the image, use the Quality setting. Here, you can save the JPEG as a percentage of the original images quality. For example, 50% would be half the quality of the original image. When you are ready, click Save and save the image by giving it a file name.

Key Definitions for Lesson One
Word Tool Tools Option bar Palette Rulers, guides, and the grid Work area Document size Definition Used to draw and paint the artwork. Displays tool options; includes palettes. The colors and textures that monitor, modify, and enhance the artwork. Help to position images or elements across the width or length of an image. Occupies the entire space within the Photoshop window. Displays information on the amount of data in the image. The number on the left represents the printing size of the image or the approximate size of the saved flattened file in Adobe Photoshop format. The number on the right indicates the approximate file size including the number of layers and channels. Displays the name of the color profile used by the image. Displays information on the amount of RAM and scratch disk used to process the image. The number on the left represents the amount of memory that is currently being used by the program to display all open images. The number on the right represents the total amount of RAM available for processing images. Displays the percentage of time actually doing an operation versus reading or writing the scratch disk. A value below 100% shows that Photoshop is operating slower than normal. Displays the amount of time it took to complete the last operation. Shows the name of the active tool. The smallest discrete element of an image or picture on a CRT screen (usually a single-colored dot); the greater the number of pixels per inch, the greater the resolution. An imitation, representation, or similitude of any person, thing, or act, sculptured, drawn, painted, or otherwise made perceptible to the sight; a visible presentation; a copy; a likeness; an effigy; a picture; a semblance. The number of pixels or dots displayed per unit of length on the monitor, usually measured in dots per inch (dpi). Monitor resolution depends on the size of the monitor and its pixel setting.

Profile Scratch size

Efficiency
Timing Current tool Pixels

Resolution

Viewing Images

You can view your images at any magnification level from 0.2% (Photoshop) or 1% (ImageReady) to 1600%. Note that Adobe Photoshop displays the percentage of an images actual size in the title bar. When you use any of the viewing tools and commands, the display of the image is affected, not the images dimensions or file size.
View is located in the menu bar at the top of the application screen.

Using the View menu

Enlarge or reduce the view of an image by using the View menu and doing one of the following: Choose View > Zoom In to enlarge the display of the image. Choose View > Zoom Out to reduce the view of the image.
Each time a Zoom command is chosen, the view of the image is resized. The percentage at which the image is viewed is displayed in the Title bar and in the lower left corner of the document window.
As a variation, you can also use the View menu or hand tool to fit an image onto your screen by doing the following: 1. 2. 3. Choose View > Fit on Screen. The size of the image and the size of the monitor determine how large the image appears on-screen. Double-click the zoom tool ( Double-click the hand tool ( ) to return to a 100% view. ) to fit the image on the screen.

Scrolling an image

Important! You can use the hand tool to scroll through an image that does not fit in the active window.
If the image fits in the active window, the hand tool has no effect when you drag it in the image window.

Using the Info bar

The Info bar is positioned at the lower left corner of the application window (Windows) or the document window (Mac OS). In Photoshop, you can choose from a menu to display information about a documents size, profile, scratch size, efficiency, timing, and current tool.
In ImageReady, you can choose to display the original and optimized file size, optimized information, image dimensions, watermark strength, undo/redo status, original image in bytes, optimized image in bytes, the amount of optimized savings, and download times. You can also use the ImageReady Info bar to change the view of an image.

Palettes

Palettes are used to monitor and modify images.
By default, palettes appear in stacked groups on the right side of the screen. They can be moved as desired.
Showing or hiding palettes
Window > Show displays the selected palette at the front of its group. Window > Hide conceals the entire group.
Changing the palette display
It can be productive and fun to reorganize the work space in various ways. Experiment with several techniques: Activity Hide or display all open palettes and the toolbox Hide or display the palettes only Make a palette appear at the front of its group Action Press Tab Press Shift+Tab Select the palettes tab

Vector graphics

Pixels

Color Modes

Layers

Slices

Slices are used to divide a source image into functional areas. When you save the image as a Web page, each slice is saved as an independent file that contains its own settings, color palette, links, and animation effects. You can use slices to achieve faster download speeds. Slices are also advantageous when working with images that contain different types of data. For example, if one area of an image needs to be optimized in GIF format to support an animation, but the rest of the image is better optimized in JPEG format, you can isolate the animation using a slice. Image maps enable you to link an area of an image to a URL. You can set up multiple linked areascalled image map areasin an image, with links to text files; other images; audio, video, or multimedia files; other pages in the Web site; or other Web sites. You can also create rollover effects in image map areas. The main difference between using image maps and using slices to create links is in how the source image is exported as a Web page. Using image maps keeps the exported image intact as a single file, while using slices causes the image to be exported as a separate file. Another difference between image maps and slices is that image maps enable you to link circular, polygonal, or rectangular areas in an image, while slices enable you to link only rectangular areas. If you need to link only rectangular areas, using slices may be preferable to using an image map. Type consists of mathematically defined shapes that describe the letters, numbers, and symbols of a typeface. Many typefaces are available in more than one format, the most common formats being Type 1 (also called PostScript fonts), TrueType, and OpenType. When you add type to an image, the characters are composed of pixels and have the same resolution as the image filezooming in on characters shows jagged edges. However, Photoshop and ImageReady preserve the vector-based type outlines and use them when you scale or resize type, save a PDF or EPS file, or print the image to a PostScript printer. As a result, it is possible to produce type with crisp, resolutionindependent edges.

Image maps

The stacking order determines whether a layer or layer set appears in font of or behind the other layers.
Teachers: students will need to have stacked layers prior to this exercise.
To change the order of layers:
1. 2. In the Layers palette, select the layer or layer set that you want to move. Choose Layer > Arrange.
ORSelect the Layer in the layers palette and drag it up or down in the palette to change the stacking order of your image's layers.

Creating a layered image

Photoshop allows the creation of up to 8,000 combined layers, layer sets, and layer effects per image. However, the amount of memory in the computer may limit the number of layers possible in a single image.

Adding a layer

1. 2. Alt-select (Windows) or Option-select (Mac OS) the New Layer button or New Layer Set button at the bottom of the Layers palette. You then can name the layer and select additional options (mode, opacity, and fill).

Working with type

Typography gives visual form to language. Adobe Photoshop/ImageReady lets you add type to images with flexibility and precision. You will be able to create and edit type directly on-screen (instead of in a dialog box) and quickly change the font, size, style, and color of the type.
The text tool can be found in the toolbox on the left side of the screen.

Creating type

Clicking in an image with the type tool puts the type tool in Edit mode. You can enter and edit characters when the tool is in Edit mode; however, you must commit changes to the type layer before you can perform other operations. For example, you cannot select a command from the Layer menu while the type tool is in Edit mode. To determine if the type tool is in Edit mode, look in the options barif you see the OK button ( button ( ), the type tool is in Edit mode. ) and Cancel
You can create horizontal or vertical type anywhere in an image with Photoshop/ImageReady. The type tool allows you to enter point type or paragraph type. Point type is useful for entering a single word or a line of characters; paragraph type is useful for entering and formatting the type as one or more paragraphs. You can use the file set up in Exercise Two for this Exercise. The type tool must be in Edit mode to enter and edit characters. Edit mode precludes working in other menus (example: Layer menu).

Entering point type

When you enter point type, each line of type is independentthe length of a line grows or shrinks as you edit it, but does not wrap to the next line.
To enter point type: 1. 2. 3. Select the type tool ( ).
(Photoshop) select the New Type Layer button ( ) in the options bar. Select an orientation button in the options bar: Horizontal ( ) to enter type horizontally; Vertical ( enter type vertically. ) to
Click in the image to set an insertion point for the type. The small line through the I-beam marks the position of the type baseline. For horizontal type, the baseline marks the line on which the type rests; for vertical type, the baseline marks the center axis of the type characters. Select additional type options in the options bar, Character palette, and Paragraph palette. Enter the characters wanted. Press Enter on the main keyboard (Windows) or Return (Mac OS) to begin a new line. (Photoshop) Commit the type layer by clicking on the check mark in the toolbar. The type entered appears in a new type layer. New to Photoshop 7.0 is the spell checker, which you can access in the Edit menu.

Entering paragraph type

When you enter paragraph type, the lines of type wrap to fit the dimensions of the bounding box. You can enter multiple paragraphs and select a paragraph justification option. The bounding box can be resized, which causes the type to reflow within the adjusted rectangle. You can adjust the bounding box while entering type or after creating the type layer. You can also rotate, scale, and skew type using the bounding box. 1. 2. 3. Select the type tool ( ).
(Photoshop) Select the New Type Layer button ( ) in the options bar. Select an orientation option in the options bar: Horizontal ( ) to enter type horizontally; Vertical ( ) to enter type vertically. Do one of the following:
Drag diagonally to define a bounding box for the type. Hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) and click or drag the box to display the Text Box Size dialog box. Enter values for Width and Height, and click OK.
Select additional type options in the options bar, Character palette, and Paragraph palette. 1. Enter the characters you want. Press Enter on the main keyboard (Windows) or Return (Mac OS) to begin a new paragraph. If you enter more type than can fit in the bounding box, the overflow icon ( ) appears on the bounding box. (Photoshop) If desired, resize, rotate, or skew the bounding box. (Photoshop) Commit the type layer. The type you entered appears in a new type layer.

2. 3. 4.

To resize or transform a type bounding box:
1. Display the bounding box handles: (Photoshop) With the type tool active, select the type layer in the Layers palette, and select in the text flow. (ImageReady) With the type tool active, select the type layer. If the bounding box handles do not appear, make sure that the Text Bounds option is selected in the View > Show submenu. Drag to achieve the desired effect: To resize the bounding box, position the pointer over a handlethe pointer turns into a double arrow ( )and drag. Shift-drag to maintain the proportion of the bounding box. (Photoshop) To rotate the bounding box, position the pointer outside of the bounding borderthe pointer turns into a curved, two-sided arrow ( )and drag. Shift-drag to constrain the rotation to 15 increments. To change the center of rotation, Ctrl-drag (Windows) or Command-drag (Mac OS) the center point to a new location. The center point can be outside the bounding box.

Formatting characters

Photoshop/ImageReady gives you exact control over individual characters in type layers, including font, size, color, and alignment. In Photoshop, a font family and a style can be chosen by typing the desired names in the text box. As you type, the name of the first font or style beginning with that letter appears. Continue typing until the correct font or style name appears. Be sure to deselect the font name before entering new type in the image.

To select characters:

1. 2. 3. Select the type tool ( ). Select the type layer in the Layers palette, or select in the text flow to automatically select a type layer. Position the insertion point in the text, and do one of the following: Drag to select one or more characters. Click in the text and then Shift-select to select a range of characters. Choose Select > All to select all the characters in the layer. Double-click a word to select it. Triple-click a line to select it. Quadruple-click a paragraph to select it. Quintuple-click anywhere in the text flow to select all characters in a bounding box. To use the arrow keys to select characters, hold down Shift and press the Right arrow or Left arrow key. To use the arrow keys to select words, hold down Shift+Ctrl (Windows) or Shift+Command (Mac OS) and press the right-arrow or left-arrow key. To select all the characters in a layer without positioning the insertion point in the text flow, select the type layer in the Layers palette, then double-click the layer's type icon ( ).
Using the character palette
1. 2. 3. Choose Window > Character Select the Character palette tab. With the type tool ( ), select Palettes in the option bar.

Choosing a font

1. 2. 3. 4. Choose a font family from the Font Family menu in the Character palette or options bar. Choose a font style from the Font Style menu (Character palette or options bar). Select the Color selection box in the options bar or Character palette. Select a color using the color picker.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What is the main difference between a bitmap image and a vector graphic? What is the biggest disadvantage to an increased number of pixels in an image? What is the purpose of layers? Typography gives __________ __________ to language. Photoshop can create both ________________ and __________________ type anywhere in an image. Why are characters formatted in type?
1. While bitmap images are good for continuous-tone images such as photographs or artwork, they contain a fixed number of pixels. When enlarged, bitmap images can lose detail or appear jagged. A vector graphic, on the other hand, is composed of lines and curves defined by mathematical objects (vectors). Such graphics retain their crispness whether moved, resized, or color changed. More pixels mean more disk space for storage, and, more important, slower downloads. Layers add depth and texture to images that have been imported into Photoshop/ImageReady. Visual form Horizontal - vertical Characters are formatted to give exact control over individual characters in type layers.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Additional activities (as time permits)
Format a paragraph using the Paragraph palette. Create a greeting card using horizontal and vertical text.
As you stand back from the initial poster layout, youre actually kind of proud of yourself. It looks really good. It has a little bit of everything for everybody. You can even imagine it on the Web site. Of course, the Web site is going to have to have places to click and lots of movement everywhere. For that youre going to have to find a way to slice the picture up into usable chunks.
Lesson Three: Using Image Maps and Slicing
This section of Adobe Web Project is for the advanced beginning student to intermediate student. You are assumed to have a basic-level understanding of the use of software for design and illustration as well as a comprehension of software interface components. You are assumed to have a familiarity with the Web and online resources. You should understand the basics of Adobe Photoshop and ImageReady and have facility with the manipulation of images.
The purpose of Lesson Three/Photoshop is to begin to create image-rich Web pages. You can now use the tools and techniques from the first two Lessons to design basic Web pages that include images, text, and effects such as image maps and rollovers. You will begin to see how the Adobe tools (Illustrator, Photoshop/ImageReady, LiveMotion, and GoLive) tie together to provide extremely powerful Web-designing capability. Because of the nature of Adobe Web Project, the techniques in Lesson Three feature only a small part of the powerful capability of Photoshop and ImageReady for use in designing Web pages.
In this lesson you will learn to
create and view slices select and modify slices specify slice options create and view image maps select and modify image maps understand image map options and types create rollovers
Key Definitions for Lesson Three
Word Image map Definition Image maps enable you to link an area of an image to a URL. You can set up multiple linked areascalled image map areasin an image, with links to text files; other images; audio, video, or multimedia files; other pages in the Web site; or other Web sites. The main difference between using image maps and using slices to create links is in how the source image is exported as a Web page. Using image maps keeps the exported image intact as a single file, while using slices causes the image to be exported as separate graphic files and HTML tables. Another difference between image maps and slices is that image maps enable you to link circular, polygonal, or rectangular areas in an image, while slices enable you to link only rectangular areas. If you need to link only rectangular areas, using slices may be preferable to using an image map. Slices allow you to create rollovers efficiently. They also let you designate no image areas where you can add HTML text.

2.

Do one or more of the following: To scale, drag a handle. Press Shift as you drag a corner handle to scale proportionately. When positioned over a handle, the pointer becomes a double arrow ( ). To rotate, move the pointer outside of the bounding border (it becomes a curved, two-sided arrow) ( ), and then drag. Press Shift to constrain the rotation to 15 increments. To rotate around a point other than the center of the selection, drag the center point to a new position in the selection before rotating. To distort relative to the center point of the bounding border, press Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS), and drag a handle ( ). To distort relative to a point other than the center of the selection, drag the center point to a new position in the selection before distorting. To distort freely, press Ctrl (Windows) or Command (Mac OS), and drag a handle. To skew, press Ctrl+Shift (Windows) or Command+Shift (Mac OS), and drag a side handle. When positioned over a side handle, the pointer becomes a white arrowhead with a small double arrow (
To apply perspective, press Ctrl+Alt+Shift (Windows) or Command+Option+Shift (Mac OS), and drag a corner handle. When positioned over a corner handle, the pointer becomes a gray arrowhead ( ). Press Enter or Return to apply the cumulative transformation or click OK ( Esc or select Cancel ( ) in the options bar to cancel the transformation. ) in the options bar. Press
1. 2. 3. What purpose does a slice serve? User-slices are created by ________________________. What purpose does the image map serve?
1. 2. 3. Slices divide a source image into functional areas. Slice tool. Image maps enable student to link an image to a URL.
The movie poster didnt exactly fit onto the computer screen like that. But after tweaking and trimming, converting and cavortingslicing, dicing, and otherwise squeezing all the pieces together, it finally came together, looking and working great. You were actually able to add a few extra touches into each slice as well. Now all you have to do is animate a bunch of them. Sounds easy, doesnt it? It really is
Lesson Four: Animations in ImageReady
Adobe ImageReady provides a powerful, easy way to create multiple-frame animations from a single document. Using the Animation and Layers palettes, you will be able to create, edit, copy, paste, and rearrange frames in sequence. You will also be able to use the powerful Tween feature of ImageReady to quickly create new frames that vary a layers opacity, position, or layer effects, and create the illusion of a single element in a frame moving or fading in or out. Photoshop/ImageReady is the industry-standard that offers sophisticated tools for the creation and manipulation of images. The purpose of Lesson Four/Photoshop-ImageReady is to take you beyond the fundamentals of Photoshop/ImageReady learned in Lessons One, Two, and Three to using the information and begin to create animated, image-rich Web pages. You can now use the tools and techniques from the first three Lessons to design basic Web pages that include images, text, and effects plus animation. This is exciting as you will begin now to see how the four Adobe tools (Illustrator and Photoshop/ImageReady plus LiveMotion and GoLive) tie together to provide extremely powerful Web-design capability. Because of the nature of Adobe Web Project, the techniques in Lesson Four feature only a small part of the powerful capability of Photoshop and ImageReady for use in designing Web pages. Lesson Four is designed to be taught in approximately two class hours, depending on the teachers pace of instruction and the prior knowledge of the students. This lesson is designed to be done in both Adobe Photoshop and ImageReady as noted.

To display the Animation palette:
Choose Window > Show Animation, or click the Animation palette tab.
To change the thumbnail view of frames:
1. 2. Select Palette Options from the Animation palette menu. Select a thumbnail size and click OK.
To add a frame to an animation:
1. In the Animation palette, do one of the following: Select the New Frame button ( ). Select New Frame from the Animation palette menu.

Selecting frames

Before you can work with a frame, you must select it as the current frame. The contents of the current frame appear in the document window. You can select multiple frames, either contiguous or discontiguous, to edit them or to apply commands to them as a group. When multiple frames are selected, only the current frame appears in the document window. In the Animation palette, the current frame is indicated by a narrow border (inside the shaded selection highlight) around the frame thumbnail. Selected frames are indicated by a shaded highlight around the frame thumbnails.
To select the current frame: Do one of the following:
In the Animation palette, select the thumbnail of the frame you want to select as the current frame. In the Animation or Layers palette, select the Forward button ( ) to select the next frame in the series as the current frame. In the Animation or Layers palette, select the Backward button ( ) to select the previous frame in the series as the current frame. ) to select the first frame in the series as the current In the Animation palette, select the Rewind button ( frame. To select multiple frames: In the Animation palette, do one of the following:
To select contiguous multiple frames, Shift-select a second frame. The second frame and all frames between the first and second are added to the selection. To select discontiguous multiple frames, Ctrl-select (Windows) or Command- select (Mac OS) additional frames to add those frames to the selection. To select all frames, choose Select All Frames from the Animation palette menu. To deselect a frame in a multiframe selection: Ctrl-select (Windows) or Command-select (Mac OS) a frame to deselect it.
Rearranging and deleting frames
You can change the position of frames in an animation and reverse the order of selected contiguous frames. You can also delete selected frames or the entire animation. To change the position of a frame: 1. Select the frame you want to move. Ctrl-select (Windows) or Command-select (Mac OS) to add frames to the selection. Drag the selection to the new position.

Saving animations as animated GIFs
Animations that are viewed in a Web browser are called animated GIFs. When saving an optimized document containing an animation, you can choose to generate an HTML file that contains code for displaying the animated GIF in a Web page. The resulting Web page can contain just the animated GIF or additional Web features, such as links and rollovers, depending on the source document. To save an animation as an animated GIF: 1. 2. Optimize the animation, as described above. Save the image, as described in previous lessons.
Saving animations as QuickTime movies
You can save an animation as a QuickTime movie. The resulting file is viewable in the QuickTime player and can be opened in other applications that support the QuickTime movie format. To save an animation as a QuickTime movie 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Choose File > Export Original. Select QuickTime Movie from the format menu. Type a filename, and choose a location for the file. Select Save. Adjust the compression settings if desired. Click OK.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Describe a simple way to create animation. Why would you want to tween animation frames? How do you optimize an animation? What does optimizing an animation accomplish? Why is working with Layers important in animation in ImageReady?
1. A simple way to create animation is to start with a layered Photoshop file. Use the New Frame button in the Animation palette to create a new frame, and use the Layers palette to alter the position, opacity, or effects of one of the selected frames. You can instruct Adobe ImageReady to tween intermediate frames between any two frames, to change layer opacity or position between two frames, or to add new layers to a sequence of frames. Tweening saves time and effort in animation. Click the Show Options button in the Optimize palette, and then choose File > Save Optimized to optimize animations. When an optimized animated document is saved, an HTML file can be generated that contains code for displaying the animated GIF in a Web page. The resulting Web page can contain just the animated GIF or additional Web features, such as links and rollovers depending on the source document. Working with layers is the key to creating animations in ImageReady. Each new frame starts out as a duplicate of the preceding framethe frame is edited by adjusting its layers.
The business card reads Frank Wright, Legal Department, Palisades Pictures. You look up from the card and think to yourself, Yeah, he kind of looks like a Frank. Not that youre an authority on what a Frank looks like, but as he pops another expensive hors d'oeuvre into his mouth, he just looks very Frankish. Its another prescreening of Lost and Found in Wunderland and everyone has been admiring the posters that were put up around the screening rooms. Frank goes off about how hes a lawyer by day, but likes to dabble here and there with graphics after work. He even made a Web site for his brother-in-law who has a plumbing store in Minnesota. Not that it even comes anywhere close to as good as yours, he assures you. You smile politely and try to figure out what these little pieces of meat are on your plate. He asks a lot of questions about file format for print versus Web, which by now youre pretty good at answering. Then he asks you what sort of copyright protection you use for all your pictures. He can tell by your puzzled look that he finally has a chance to sound like an expert this evening. You use Photoshop, right? Yeah. Dont you know about the digital watermarks? Oh, of course, you reply rather quickly, digital watermarks, sure I love them, myself. Great, he replies back just as quickly, though slightly dejected. Then rather sheepishly, he adds I dont really do them myself, cause, you know, I dont do my own graphics that much; mostly tweaking some clip art. Maybe you can show me sometime. Sure, you say, not too sure what you just committed to. Perfect! Well, I see someone I know. I need to talk to him. Call me when you do those watermarks again. Sure thing. You grab for a pen and scribble on the back of the card w a t. e r m a r k s.

Additional Adobe Resources
Instructors have access to these resources at the Adobe Systems Web site (http://www.adobe.com): How-Tos and Backgrounds Tutorials and Techniques Quick tips Troubleshooting

Photoshop Toolbox

The marquee tools make rectangular, elliptical, single row, and single column selections.
The move tool moves selections, layers, and guides.
The lasso tools make freehand, polygonal (straightedged), and magnetic* (snap-to) selections.
The magic wand tool selects similarly colored areas.
The crop tool trims images.
The slice tool creates slices.
The slice selection tool selects slices.
The airbrush tool paints softedged strokes.
The paintbrush tool paints brush strokes.
The pencil tool paints hard-edged strokes.
The clone stamp tool paints with a sample of an image.
The pattern stamp tool* paints with part of an image as a pattern.
The history brush tool* paints a copy of the selected state or snapshot into the current image window.
The art history brush tool* paints with stylized strokes that simulate the look of different paint styles, using a selected state or snapshot.
The eraser tool erases pixels and restores parts of an image to a previously saved state.
The background eraser tool* erases areas to transparency by dragging.
The magic eraser tool erases solidcolored areas to transparency with a single click.
The gradient tools create straight-line, radial*, angle*, reflected*, and diamond*, blends between colors.
The paint bucket tool* fills similarly colored areas with the foreground color.
The blur tool blurs hard edges in an image.
The sharpen tool sharpens soft edges in an image.
The smudge tool smudges data in an image.
The dodge tool lightens areas in an image.
The burn tool darkens areas in an image.
The sponge tool changes the color saturation of an area.
The path selection tools* make shape or segment selections showing anchor points, direction lines, and direction points.
The type tool creates type on an image.
The pen tools* let you draw smoothedged paths.
The custom shape tool* makes customized shapes selected from a custom shape list.
The annotations tool* makes notes and voice annotations that can be attached to an image.
The eyedropper tool samples colors in an image.
The measure tool* measures distances, locations, and angles.
The hand tool moves an image within its window.

Any painting or editing tool + number keys (e.g., 0 = 100%, 1 = 10%, 4 then 5 in quick succession = 45%) + + Delete, or + + Delete + Delete
+ Delete / Any painting tool + + click
to preserve transparency.

Editing

Result Moves type in image Aligns left, center, or right* Aligns top, center, or bottom* Selects 1 character left/right, or 1 line down/up, or 1 word left/right Selects characters from insertion point to mouse click point Moves 1 character left/right, 1 line down/up, or 1 word left/right Designates new origin over existing type Selects word, line, paragraph, or story Shows/Hides selection on selected type Toggles Underlining on/off* Toggles Strikethrough on/off* Toggles All Uppercase on/off* Toggles Small Caps on/off* Toggles Superscript on/off* Toggles Subscript on/off* Chooses 100% horizontal scale* Chooses 100% vertical scale* Chooses Auto leading* Chooses 0 for tracking* Justifies paragraphleft align last line* Justifies paragraphforce last line* Toggles paragraph hyphenation on/off* Toggles single/every-line composer on/off* Decreases/increases type size of selected text 2 pts./px. Decreases/increases leading 2 pts./px. Decreases/increases baseline shift 2 pts./px. Decreases/increases kerning/tracking 20/1000 ems *Not in ImageReady. Command Shift Option Key + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + click , , or + Action + drag type when Type is selected ++ ++ + L, C, or R + L, C, or R , or + +
+ click or click + drag Double-click, triple-click, quadruple-click, or quintuple-click +H +U +/ +K +H ++ + +X + + +Q +J +F + + +<> +H +T +X +A ++

Path editing*

Result Selects multiple anchor points Selects entire path Duplicates a path Switches from Switches from Switches from Switches from Closes path Closes path with straight-line segment to to or to when over path when pointer is over anchor point or direction point to when pointer is over anchor point or direction point. + double-click + + double-click + Action + + click + + + click + + drag

*Not in ImageReady.

Slicing and optimizing
Result Toggles browser dither for selected image pane in Optimized view Toggles through gamma previews in selected image pane Toggles through Optimized/2up/4up/ Original views Toggles between Slice tool and Slice selection tool Draws square slice Draws from center outward Draws square slice from center outward Reposition slice while creating slice Toggle snap to slices on and off Opens context-sensitive menu Save For Web + drag + drag + + drag Action + + +Y +Y +Y
Spacebar + drag Ctrl key while drawing a slice Ctrl + click slice + +S
ImageReady only. *Not in ImageReady. Command Shift Option Key

Photoshop: Windows Shortcuts
Result Fits image in window 100% magnification Zooms in or out or Applies zoom percentage, and keeps zoom percentage box active* Zooms in on specified area of an image* Scrolls image with hand tool* Scrolls up or down 1 screen Scrolls up or down 10 units Moves view to upper left corner or lower right corner Toggles layer mask on/off as rubylith* Action Double-click Double-click Ctrl + or , or Ctrl + (zero) , or Alt + Ctrl + (zero)
Ctrl + spacebar, or Alt + spacebar + Enter in Navigator palette Ctrl + drag over preview in Navigator palette Spacebar + drag, or drag view area box in Navigator palette Page Up or Page Down + Page Up or Page Down Home or End \
Hold down Ctrl to scroll left (Page Up) or right (Page Down). *Not in ImageReady. Shift Key
Result Repositions marquee while selecting Adds to or subtracts from selection Intersects a selection Constrains marquee to square or circle Draws marquee from center Constrains shape and draws marquee from center Action Any marquee tool (except single column and single row) + spacebar + drag Any selection tool + Any selection tool + + drag Alt + drag + Alt + drag Ctrl (except when Switches from Switches from to to * * Alt + drag Alt + click + Alt + drag selection Any selection + + Ctrl + + [ or ] + Enter or Esc + Alt + drag end point + drag guide Alt + drag guide or any pen tool is selected) or Alt + drag + Alt + drag
Moves copy of selection Moves selection area 1 pixel Moves selection 1 pixel Moves layer 1 pixel when nothing selected on layer Increases or decreases detection width* Accepts cropping or exits cropping Makes protractor* Snaps guide to ruler ticks Toggles guide orientation Hold down to move 10 pixels.
Applies to shape tools. *Not in ImageReady. Shift Key
Result Action Any painting tool + Alt Selects background color * Deletes * + Alt + click + + Alt + click Any painting or editing tool + number keys (e.g., 0 = 100%, 1 = 10%, 4 then 5 in quick succession = 45%) + Alt + Backspace, or Ctrl + Backspace Alt + Ctrl + Backspace + Backspace / Any painting tool + + click
Sets opacity, pressure, or ex posure for painting mode Cycles through blending modes Fills selection/layer with foreground or background color Fills from history* Displays Fill dialog box Lock transparent pixels on/off Connects points with a straight line