TI-84 Plus TI-84 Plus Silver Edition Guidebook

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This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, you can try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for help.
Caution: Any changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by Texas Instruments may void your authority to operate the equipment.
Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition
Documentation Conventions
In the body of this guidebook, TI-84 Plus refers to the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition. Sometimes, as in Chapter 19, the full name TI-84 Plus Silver Edition is used to distinguish it from the TI-84 Plus. All the instructions and examples in this guidebook also work for the TI-84 Plus. All the functions of the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition and the TI-84 Plus are the same. The two graphing calculators differ only in available RAM memory, interchangeable faceplates, and Flash application ROM memory.

TI-84 Plus Keyboard

Generally, the keyboard is divided into these zones: graphing keys, editing keys, advanced function keys, and scientific calculator keys. Keyboard Zones
Graphing Graphing keys access the interactive graphing features. Editing Editing keys allow you to edit expressions and values. Advanced Advanced function keys display menus that access the advanced

functions.

Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 1
Scientific Scientific calculator keys access the capabilities of a standard scientific

calculator. TI-84 Plus

Graphing Keys Editing Keys Advanced Function Keys
Scientific Calculator Keys
Color. Using the Color.Coded Keyboard The keys on the TI-84 Plus are color-coded to help you easily locate the key you need. The light colored keys are the number keys. The light gray keys along the right side of the keyboard are the common math functions. The light gray keys across the top set up and display graphs. The key with the purple lettering provides access to applications such as the Inequality Graphing application. The primary function of each key is printed on the keys. For example, when you press , the MATH menu is displayed. Using the y and Keys The secondary function of each key is printed in blue above the key. When you press the blue y key, the character, abbreviation, or word printed in blue above the other keys becomes active for the next keystroke. For example, when you press y and then , the TEST menu is displayed. This guidebook describes this keystroke combination as y :. The alpha function of each key is printed in green above the key. When you press the green key, the alpha character printed in green above the other keys becomes active for the next keystroke. For example, when you press and then , the letter A is entered. This guidebook describes this keystroke combination as [A].
The y key accesses the second function printed in blue above each key. The key accesses the alpha function printed in green above each key.

Yn functions XnT, YnT functions rn functions Lets you select/deselect functions
Note: The sequence variables (u, v, w) are located on the keyboard as the second functions of , , and.
To select a variable from the VARS or VARS Y-VARS menu, follow these steps. 1. Display the VARS or VARS Y-VARS menu. Press to display the VARS menu.
Press ~ to display the VARS Y-VARS menu.
2. Select the type of variable, such as 2:Zoom from the VARS menu or 3:Polar from the VARS Y-VARS menu. A secondary menu is displayed. 3. If you selected 1:Window, 2:Zoom, or 5:Statistics from the VARS menu, you can press ~ or | to display other secondary menus. 4. Select a variable name from the menu. It is pasted to the cursor location.
Equation Operating System (EOS)
Order of Evaluation The Equation Operating System (EOS) defines the order in which functions in expressions are entered and evaluated on the TI-84 Plus. EOS lets you enter numbers and functions in a simple, straightforward sequence. EOS evaluates the functions in an expression in this order.
Order Number Function Functions that precede the argument, such as (, sin(, or log( Functions that are entered after the argument, such as 2, M1, !, , r, and conversions Powers and roots, such as 2^5 or 5x32 Permutations (nPr) and combinations (nCr) Multiplication, implied multiplication, and division Addition and subtraction
Order Number Function 9 Relational functions, such as > or Logic operator and Logic operators or and xor
Note: Within a priority level, EOS evaluates functions from left to right. Calculations
within parentheses are evaluated first. Implied Multiplication The TI-84 Plus recognizes implied multiplication, so you need not press to express multiplication in all cases. For example, the TI-84 Plus interprets 2p, 4sin(46), 5(1+2), and (25)7 as implied multiplication.
Note: TI-84 Plus implied multiplication rules, although like the TI-83, differ from those of the TI-82. For example, the TI-84 Plus evaluates 12X as (12)X, while the TI-82 evaluates 12X as 1(2X) (Chapter 2).
Parentheses All calculations inside a pair of parentheses are completed first. For example, in the expression 4(1+2), EOS first evaluates the portion inside the parentheses, 1+2, and then multiplies the answer, 3, by 4.
You can omit the close parenthesis ( ) ) at the end of an expression. All open parenthetical elements are closed automatically at the end of an expression. This is also true for open parenthetical elements that precede the store or display-conversion instructions.

Chapter 1: Operating the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition 47
For details, refer to: Chapter 16 Archiving Archiving allows you to store data, programs, or other variables to user data archive where they cannot be edited or deleted inadvertently. Archiving also allows you to free up RAM for variables that may require additional memory. Archived variables are indicated by asterisks () to the left of the variable names.
For details, refer to: Chapter 16 Communication Link The TI-84 Plus has a USB port using a USB unit-to-unit cable to connect and communicate with another TI-84 Plus or TI-84 Plus Silver Edition. The TI-84 Plus also has an I/O port using an I/O unit-to-unit cable to communicate with a TI-84 Plus Silver Edition, a TI-84 Plus, a TI-83 Plus Silver Edition, a TI-83 Plus, a TI-83, a TI-82, a TI-73, CBL 2, or a CBR System. With TI Connect software and a USB computer cable, you can also link the TI-84 Plus to a personal computer.
As future software upgrades become available on the TI Web site, you can download the software to your PC and then use the TI Connect software and a USB computer cable to upgrade your TI-84 Plus. For details, refer to: Chapter 19

Error Conditions

Diagnosing an Error The TI-84 Plus detects errors while performing these tasks. Evaluating an expression Executing an instruction Plotting a graph Storing a value
When the TI-84 Plus detects an error, it returns an error message as a menu title, such as ERR:SYNTAX or ERR:DOMAIN. Appendix B describes each error type and possible reasons for the error.
If you select 1:Quit (or press y 5 or ), then the home screen is displayed. If you select 2:Goto, then the previous screen is displayed with the cursor at or near the error location.
Note: If a syntax error occurs in the contents of a Y= function during program execution, then the Goto option returns to the Y= editor, not to the program.
Correcting an Error To correct an error, follow these steps. 1. Note the error type (ERR:error type). 2. Select 2:Goto, if it is available. The previous screen is displayed with the cursor at or near the error location. 3. Determine the error. If you cannot recognize the error, refer to Appendix B. 4. Correct the expression.
Chapter 2: Math, Angle, and Test Operations
Getting Started: Coin Flip
Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. Suppose you want to model flipping a fair coin 10 times. You want to track how many of those 10 coin flips result in heads. You want to perform this simulation 40 times. With a fair coin, the probability of a coin flip resulting in heads is 0.5 and the probability of a coin flip resulting in tails is 0.5. 1. Begin on the home screen. Press | to display the MATH PRB menu. Press 7 to select 7:randBin( (random Binomial). randBin( is pasted to the home screen. Press 10 to enter the number of coin flips. Press. Press 5 to enter the probability of heads. Press. Press 40 to enter the number of simulations. Press. 2. Press to evaluate the expression. A list of 40 elements is generated with the first 7 displayed. The list contains the count of heads resulting from each set of 10 coin flips. The list has 40 elements because this simulation was performed 40 times. In this example, the coin came up heads five times in the first set of 10 coin flips, five times in the second set of 10 coin flips, and so on.

Note: You also can select a variable from the PICTURE secondary menu ( 4). The variable is pasted next to StorePic.
3. Press to display the current graph and store the picture.
Recalling Graph Pictures (Pic)
Recalling a Graph Picture To recall a graph picture, follow these steps.
Chapter 8: Draw Instructions 206
1. Select 2:RecallPic from the DRAW STO menu. RecallPic is pasted to the current cursor location. 2. Enter the number (from 1 to 9, or 0) of the picture variable from which you want to recall a picture. For example, if you enter 3, the TI-84 Plus will recall the picture stored to Pic3.
Note: You also can select a variable from the PICTURE secondary menu ( 4). The variable is pasted next to RecallPic.
3. Press to display the current graph with the picture superimposed on it.
Note: Pictures are drawings. You cannot trace a curve that is part of a picture.
Deleting a Graph Picture To delete graph pictures from memory, use the MEMORY MANAGEMENT/DELETE secondary menu (Chapter 18).
Storing Graph Databases (GDB)
What Is a Graph Database? A graph database (GDB) contains the set of elements that defines a particular graph. You can recreate the graph from these elements. You can store up to 10 GDBs in variables GDB1 through GDB9, or GDB0 and recall them to recreate graphs.
A GDB stores five elements of a graph. Graphing mode Window variables Format settings All functions in the Y= editor and the selection status of each Graph style for each Y= function
GDBs do not contain drawn items or stat plot definitions. Storing a Graph Database To store a graph database, follow these steps. 1. Select 3:StoreGDB from the DRAW STO menu. StoreGDB is pasted to the current cursor location. 2. Enter the number (from 1 to 9, or 0) of the GDB variable to which you want to store the graph database. For example, if you enter 7, the TI-84 Plus will store the GDB to GDB7.
Note: You also can select a variable from the GDB secondary menu ( 3). The variable is pasted next to StoreGDB.

Note: You also can paste Horiz or G-T to the home screen or program editor from the

CATALOG (Chapter 15).

Chapter 10: Matrices
Getting Started: Systems of Linear Equations
Getting Started is a fast-paced introduction. Read the chapter for details. Find the solution of X + 2Y + 3Z = 3 and 2X + 3Y + 4Z = 3. On the TI-84 Plus, you can solve a system of linear equations by entering the coefficients as elements in a matrix, and then using rref( to obtain the reduced row-echelon form. 1. Press y. Press ~ ~ to display the MATRX EDIT menu. Press 1 to select 1: [A]. 2. Press to define a 24 matrix. The rectangular cursor indicates the current element. Ellipses (.) indicate additional columns beyond the screen. 3. Press 1 to enter the first element. The rectangular cursor moves to the second column of the first row.
4. Press 3 to complete the first row for X + 2Y + 3Z = 3. 5. Press to enter the second row for 2X + 3Y + 4Z = 3. 6. Press y 5 to return to the home screen. If necessary, press to clear the home screen. Press y ~ to display the MATRX MATH menu. Press } to wrap to the end of the menu. Select B:rref( to copy rref( to the home screen. 7. Press y 1 to select 1: [A] from the MATRX NAMES menu. Press . The reduced row-echelon form of the matrix is displayed and stored in Ans. 1X N 1Z = L3 1Y + 2Z = 3 therefore therefore X = L3 + Z Y = 3 N 2Z

Defining a Matrix

What Is a Matrix? A matrix is a two-dimensional array. You can display, define, or edit a matrix in the matrix editor. The TI-84 Plus has 10 matrix variables, [A] through [J]. You can define a matrix directly in an expression. A matrix, depending on available memory, may have up to 99 rows or columns. You can store only real numbers in TI-84 Plus matrices.
Selecting a Matrix Before you can define or display a matrix in the editor, you first must select the matrix name. To do so, follow these steps. 1. Press y | to display the MATRX EDIT menu. The dimensions of any previously defined matrices are displayed.
2. Select the matrix you want to define. The MATRX EDIT screen is displayed.
Accepting or Changing Matrix Dimensions The dimensions of the matrix (row column) are displayed on the top line. The dimensions of a new matrix are 1 1. You must accept or change the dimensions each time you edit a matrix. When you select a matrix to define, the cursor highlights the row dimension. To accept the row dimension, press. To change the row dimension, enter the number of rows (up to 99), and then press.

When DiagnosticOff is set, diagnostics are not displayed with the results when you execute a regression model.

STAT CALC Menu

STAT CALC Menu To display the STAT CALC menu, press ~. EDIT CALC TESTS
Calculates 1-variable statistics. Calculates 2-variable statistics. Calculates a median-median line. Fits a linear model to data. Fits a quadratic model to data. Fits a cubic model to data. Fits a quartic model to data. Fits a linear model to data. Fits a logarithmic model to data. Fits an exponential model to data. Fits a power model to data. Fits a logistic model to data. Fits a sinusoidal model to data. Fits a linear equation interactively to a scatter plot.
1: 1-Var Stats 2: 2-Var Stats 3: Med-Med 4: LinReg(ax+b) 5: QuadReg 6: CubicReg 7: QuartReg 8: LinReg(a+bx) 9: LnReg 0: ExpReg A: PwrReg B: Logistic C: SinReg D: Manual Linear Fit
For each STAT CALC menu item, if neither Xlistname nor Ylistname is specified, then the default list names are L1 and L2. If you do not specify freqlist, then the default is 1 occurrence of each list element. Frequency of Occurrence for Data Points For most STAT CALC menu items, you can specify a list of data occurrences, or frequencies (freqlist). Each element in freqlist indicates how many times the corresponding data point or data pair occurs in the data set you are analyzing. For example, if L1={15,12,9,14} and FREQ={1,4,1,3}, then the TI-84 Plus interprets the instruction 1-Var Stats L1, FREQ to mean that 15 occurs once, 12 occurs four times, 9 occurs once, and 14 occurs three times. Each element in freqlist must be 0, and at least one element must be > 0. Noninteger freqlist elements are valid. This is useful when entering frequencies expressed as percentages or parts that add up to 1. However, if freqlist contains noninteger frequencies, Sx and Sy are undefined; values are not displayed for Sx and Sy in the statistical results. 1-Var Stats
1-Var Stats (one-variable statistics) analyzes data with one measured variable. Each element in freqlist is the frequency of occurrence for each corresponding data point in Xlistname. freqlist elements must be real numbers > 0. 1-Var Stats [Xlistname,freqlist] Chapter 12: Statistics 307

2-Var Stats

2-Var Stats (two-variable statistics) analyzes paired data. Xlistname is the independent variable. Ylistname is the dependent variable. Each element in freqlist is the frequency of occurrence for each data pair (Xlistname,Ylistname). 2-Var Stats [Xlistname,Ylistname,freqlist]

To select an alternative hypothesis, move the cursor to the appropriate alternative, and then press. Selecting the Pooled Option
Pooled (2-SampTTest and 2-SampTInt only) specifies whether the variances are to be pooled for the calculation.
Select No if you do not want the variances pooled. Population variances can be unequal. Select Yes if you want the variances pooled. Population variances are assumed to be equal.
To select the Pooled option, move the cursor to Yes, and then press.
Selecting Calculate or Draw for a Hypothesis Test After you have entered all arguments in an inferential stat editor for a hypothesis test, you must select whether you want to see the calculated results on the home screen (Calculate) or on the graph screen (Draw).
Calculate calculates the test results and displays the outputs on the home screen. Draw draws a graph of the test results and displays the test statistic and p-value with
the graph. The window variables are adjusted automatically to fit the graph. To select Calculate or Draw, move the cursor to either Calculate or Draw, and then press. The instruction is immediately executed. Selecting Calculate for a Confidence Interval After you have entered all arguments in an inferential stat editor for a confidence interval, select Calculate to display the results. The Draw option is not available. When you press , Calculate calculates the confidence interval results and displays the outputs on the home screen. Bypassing the Inferential Stat Editors To paste a hypothesis test or confidence interval instruction to the home screen without displaying the corresponding inferential stat editor, select the instruction you want from the CATALOG menu. Appendix A describes the input syntax for each hypothesis test and confidence interval instruction.
Note: You can paste a hypothesis test or confidence interval instruction to a command
line in a program. From within the program editor, select the instruction from either the
CATALOG (Chapter 15) or the STAT TESTS menu.

STAT TESTS Menu

STAT TESTS Menu To display the STAT TESTS menu, press |. When you select an inferential statistics instruction, the appropriate inferential stat editor is displayed. Most STAT TESTS instructions store some output variables to memory. For a list of these variables, see the Test and Interval Output Variables table. EDIT CALC TESTS 1: Z-Test. 2: T-Test. 3: 2-SampZTest. 4: 2-SampTTest. 5: 1-PropZTest. 6: 2-PropZTest. 7: ZInterval. 8: TInterval. 9: 2-SampZInt.

v, Sx, n s1 s2

List1, List2

Freq1, Freq2

v1, Sx1, n1, v2, Sx2, n2 Summary statistics (mean, standard deviation, and sample size)

Pooled

Specifies whether variances are to be pooled for 2-SampTTest and 2-SampTInt. No instructs the TI-84 Plus not to pool the variances. Yes instructs the TI-84 Plus to pool the variances.
Input p0 x n x1 x2 n1 n2 C-Level
Description The expected sample proportion for 1-PropZTest. Must be a real number, such that 0 < p0 < 1. The count of successes in the sample for the 1-PropZTest and 1-PropZInt. Must be an integer | 0. The count of observations in the sample for the 1-PropZTest and 1-PropZInt. Must be an integer > 0. The count of successes from sample one for the 2-PropZTest and 2-PropZInt. Must be an integer | 0. The count of successes from sample two for the 2-PropZTest and 2-PropZInt. Must be an integer | 0. The count of observations in sample one for the 2-PropZTest and 2-PropZInt. Must be an integer > 0. The count of observations in sample two for the 2-PropZTest and 2-PropZInt. Must be an integer > 0. The confidence level for the interval instructions. Must be 0 and < 100. If it is 1, it is assumed to be given as a percent and is divided by 100. Default=0.95. The matrix name that represents the columns and rows for the observed values of a two-way table of counts for the c2-Test and

Observed (Matrix)

c2GOF-Test. Observed must contain all integers | 0. Matrix
dimensions must be at least 22. Expected (Matrix) The matrix name that specifies where the expected values should be stored. Expected is created upon successful completion of the c2-Test and c2GOF-Test.

Input df

Description df (degree of freedom) represents (number of sample categories) - (number of estimated parameters for the selected distribution + 1). The names of the lists containing the data for LinRegTTest and LinRegTInt. Defaults are L1 and L2, respectively. The dimensions of Xlist and Ylist must be the same. The prompt for the name of the Y= variable where the calculated regression equation is to be stored. If a Y= variable is specified, that equation is automatically selected (turned on). The default is to store the regression equation to the RegEQ variable only.

normalcdf(

normalcdf( computes the normal distribution probability between lowerbound and upperbound for the specified mean m and standard deviation s. The defaults are m=0 and
normalcdf(lowerbound,upperbound[,m,s])

invNorm(

invNorm( computes the inverse cumulative normal distribution function for a given area
under the normal distribution curve specified by mean m and standard deviation s. It calculates the x value associated with an area to the left of the x value. 0 area 1 must be true. The defaults are m=0 and s=1.

invNorm(area[,m,s])

invT( computes the inverse cumulative Student-t probability function specified by Degree
of Freedom, df for a given Area under the curve.

invT(area,df)

tpdf( computes the probability density function (pdf) for the Student-t distribution at a specified x value. df (degrees of freedom) must be > 0. To plot the Student-t distribution, paste tpdf( to the Y= editor. The probability density function (pdf) is:
[ ( df + 1 )/2 ] f ( x ) = ------------------------------- ( df 2 )

tpdf(x,df)

( 1 + x /df ) -----------------------------------------------df

( df + 1 )/2

Note: For this example, Xmin = L4.5 Xmax = 4.5 Ymin = 0 Ymax =.4
tcdf( computes the Student-t distribution probability between lowerbound and upperbound for the specified df (degrees of freedom), which must be > 0. tcdf(lowerbound,upperbound,df)
c2pdf( c2pdf( computes the probability density function (pdf) for the c2 (chi-square) distribution at a specified x value. df (degrees of freedom) must be an integer > 0. To plot the c2 distribution, paste c2pdf( to the Y= editor. The probability density function (pdf) is:
df/2 df x/f ( x ) = -------------------- ( 1/2 ) x e ,x 0 ( df 2 )

c2pdf(x,df)

Note: For this example, Xmin = 0 Xmax = 30 Ymin = L.02 Ymax =.132
c2cdf( c2cdf( computes the c2 (chi-square) distribution probability between lowerbound and upperbound for the specified df (degrees of freedom), which must be an integer > 0. c2cdf(lowerbound,upperbound,df)
Fpdf( pdf( computes the probability density function (pdf) for the distribution at a specified x value. numerator df (degrees of freedom) and denominator df must be integers > 0. To plot the distribution, paste pdf( to the Y= editor. The probability density function (pdf) is:

The EasyData app will autolaunch on your TI-84 Plus if you plug in a USB sensor such as the CBR 2 or Vernier USB Temperature sensor.
Steps for Running the EasyData App Follow these basic steps when using the EasyData App.

Starting EasyData

1. Attach your data collection device to your TI-84 Plus. Make sure the cables are firmly connected. 2. If the EasyData app has not auto-launched, press and the } or to select the EasyData App. 3. Press. The EasyData information screen is displayed for about three seconds followed by the main screen.

Quitting EasyData

1. To quit EasyData, select Quit (press s). The Ready to quit? screen is displayed, which indicates that the collected data has been transferred to lists L1 through L4 on the TI-84 Plus. 2. Press OK (press s) to quit. EasyData Settings
Changing EasyData settings
EasyData displays the most commonly used settings before data collection begins.
To change a predefined setting: 1. From the main screen in the EasyData App, choose Setup and select 2: Time Graph. The current settings are displayed on the calculator.
Note: If using a motion detector, settings for 3: Distance Match and 4: Ball Bounce in the Setup menu are preset and cannot be changed.
2. Select Next (press q) to move to the setting you want to change. Press to clear a setting. 3. Repeat to cycle through the available options. When the option is correct, select Next to move to the next option. 4. To change a setting, enter 1 or 2 digits, and then select Next (press q). 5. When all the settings are correct, select OK (press s) to return to the main menu. 6. Select Start (press q) to begin collecting data.
Restoring EasyData to the default settings
The default settings are appropriate for a wide variety of sampling situations. If you are unsure of the best settings, begin with the default settings, and then adjust the settings for your specific activity. To restore the default settings in EasyData while a data collection device is connected to the TI-84 Plus, choose File and select 1:New.
Starting and Stopping Data Collection

Starting Data Collection

To start sampling, select Start (press q). Sampling will automatically stop when the number of samples set in the Time Graph Settings menu is reached. The TI-84 Plus will then display a graph of the sampled data.

Stopping Data Collection

To stop sampling before it automatically stops, select Stop (press and hold q) at any time during the sampling process. When sampling stops, a graph of the sampled data is displayed. Saving Collected Data Collected data is automatically transferred to the TI-84 Plus and stored in lists L1 through L4 when data collection is complete. When you exit the EasyData App, a prompt reminds you of the lists in which time, distance, velocity, and acceleration are stored.

All Other Customers

For information about the length and terms of the warranty, refer to your package and/or to the warranty statement enclosed with this product, or contact your local Texas Instruments retailer/distributor.

Battery Information

When to Replace the Batteries The TI-84 Plus uses five batteries: four AAA alkaline batteries and one SR44SW or 303 silver oxide backup battery. The silver oxide battery provides auxiliary power to retain memory while you replace the AAA batteries. When the battery voltage level drops below a usable level, the TI-84 Plus:
Displays this message when you turn on the unit. Displays this message when you attempt to download an application.

Message A

Message B
After Message A is first displayed, you can expect the batteries to function for about one or two weeks, depending on usage. (This one-week to two-week period is based on tests with alkaline batteries; the performance of other types of batteries may vary.) If Message B is displayed, you must replace the batteries immediately to successfully download an application. Replace the silver oxide battery every three or four years.
Effects of Replacing the Batteries
Do not remove both types of batteries (AAA and silver oxide) at the same time. Do not
allow the batteries to lose power completely. If you follow these guidelines and the steps for replacing batteries, you can replace either type of battery without losing any information in memory. Battery Precautions Take these precautions when replacing batteries. Do not leave batteries within reach of children Do not mix new and used batteries. Do not mix brands (or types within brands) of batteries. Do not mix rechargeable and nonrechargeable batteries. Install batteries according to polarity (+ and N) diagrams. Do not place nonrechargeable batteries in a battery recharger. Properly dispose of used batteries immediately. Do not leave them within the reach of children. Do not incinerate or dismantle batteries.
Replacing the Batteries To replace the batteries, follow these steps.
1. Turn off the graphing calculator. Replace the slide cover over the keyboard to avoid inadvertently turning on the graphing calculator. Turn the back of the unit toward you. 2. Hold the graphing calculator upright, push downward on the latch on the top of the battery cover, and then pull the cover toward you.

Note: To avoid loss of information stored in memory, you must turn off the graphing
calculator. Do not remove the AAA batteries and the silver oxide battery simultaneously. 3. Replace all four AAA alkaline batteries simultaneously. Or, replace the silver oxide battery. To replace the AAA alkaline batteries, remove all four discharged AAA batteries and install new ones according to the polarity (+ and N) diagram in the battery compartment.
To replace the silver oxide battery, remove the screw from the silver oxide battery cover, and then remove the cover. Install the new battery, + side up. Replace the cover and secure it with the screw. Use a SR44SW or 303 (or equivalent) silver oxide battery.
4. Replace the battery compartment cover. Turn the graphing calculator on and adjust the display contrast, if necessary, by pressing y } or.

In Case of Difficulty

Handling a Difficulty To handle a difficulty, follow these steps. 1. If you cannot see anything on the screen, you may need to adjust the graphing calculator contrast. To darken the screen, press and release y, and then press and hold } until the display is sufficiently dark. To lighten the screen, press and release y, and then press and hold until the display is sufficiently light. 2. If an error menu is displayed, follow these steps: Note the error type (ERR:error type). Select 2:GOTO, if it is available. The previous screen is displayed with the cursor at or near the error location. Deteremine the error. Correct the expression.
Refer to the Error Conditions table for details about specific errors, if necessary. 3. If the busy indicator (dotted line) is displayed, a graph or program has been paused; the TI-84 Plus is waiting for input. Press to continue or press to break. 4. If a checkerboard cursor ( # ) is displayed, then either you have entered the maximum number of characters in a prompt, or memory is full. If memory is full: Press y L 2 to display the MEMORY MANAGEMENT / DELETE menu.
Select the type of data you want to delete, or select 1:All for a list of all variables of all types. A screen is displayed listing each variable of the type you selected and the number of bytes each variable is using. Press } and to move the selection cursor (4) next to the item you want to delete, and then press {.
5. If the graphing calculator does not seem to work at all, be sure the alkaline batteries are fresh and that they are installed properly. 6. If the TI-84 Plus does not function even though you are sure that the batteries are fresh, you can try manually resetting it. Remove all of the AAA batteries from the graphing calculator. Press and hold the key for ten seconds. Replace the batteries. Turn on the unit.

When you reset your graphing calculator, the contrast sometimes changes. If the screen is faded or blank, adjust the contrast by pressing y and releasing } or. 7. If the above solutions do not work you can reset all of the memory. The RAM, user data archive memory, and system variables are restored to factory settings when you reset all memory. All nonsystem variables, applications (Apps), and programs are deleted. Press y L to display the MEMORY menu. Select 7:Reset to display the RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu. Press ~ ~ to display the ALL menu. Select 1:All Memory to display the RESET MEMORY menu. To continue with the reset, select 2:Reset. The message Mem cleared is displayed on the home screen.
!dim( (assign dimension). 261 (- (degrees notation). 620 (- (negation). 42, 55, 624 ( (subtraction). 53, 626 (! (factorial). 620 (! Store. 27, 611 (!dim( (assign dimension). 238, 574 (# (not equal to). 622 ($( (square root). 54, 624 (%, (, + (pixel mark). 203, 322 (& (plot type, histogram). 320 (' (minutes notation). 84, 626 (( ) (parentheses). 41 () (plot type, normal probability). 322 ()Int( (sum of interest). 585 ()Prn( (sum of principal). 597 (* (multiplication). 53, 624 (* (plot type, modified box). 320 (*f(x)dx operation on a graph. 131 (*row(. 244, 602 (*row+(. 602 (+ (addition). 53, 625 (+ (concatenation). 417, 626 (+ (pixel mark). 203, 322 (+ (plot type, box). 321 (/ (division). 53, 625 (/ (inverse). 233, 623

Symbols

(: (colon). 430 (< (less than). 88, 622 (= (equal-to relational test). 88, 622 (> (greater than). 88, 622 ([ ] (matrix indicator). 228 (^ (power). 54, 624 ({ (less than or equal to). 623 (| (greater than or equal to). 88, 623 ( (square). 54, 623 ( (cube). 58, 621 ($( (cube root). 58, 621 ( (string indicator). 413 (4Dec (to decimal conversion). 57, 573 (4DMS (to degrees/minutes/seconds). 86, 575 (4Eff( (to effective interest rate). 402, 403 (4Frac (to fraction). 57, 579 (4Nom( (to nominal interest rate) 402, 592 (4Polar (to polar). 79, 596 (4Rect (to rectangular). 78, 601 (pdf( (chi-square pdf). 377 (-Test (chi-square test). 358, 360, 378 (Tbl (table step variable). 177 (X window variable. 107 (Y window variable. 107 (Fcdf(. 378 (Fpdf(. 378 / (inverse). 54
{ } (list indicator). 249

Numerics

10^( (power of ten). 624 1-PropZInt (one-proportion z confidence interval). 357, 597 1-PropZTest (one-proportion z test). 349, 597 1-Var Stats (one-variable statistics). 307, 616 2-PropZInt (two-proportion z confidence interval). 357, 597 2-PropZTest (two-proportion z test). 350, 598 2-SampFTest (two-sample F-Test). 361, 603 2-SampTInt (two-sample t confidence interval). 355, 604 2-SampTTest (two-sample t test). 347, 605 2-SampZInt (two-sample z confidence interval). 354, 605 2-SampZTest (two-sample z test). 345, 604,. 605 2-Var Stats (two-variable statistics). 308, 616

(Chapter 2).

Parentheses All calculations inside a pair of parentheses are completed first. For example, in the expression
4(1+2), EOS first evaluates the portion inside the parentheses, 1+2, and then multiplies the answer,

3, by 4.

Negation To enter a negative number, use the negation key. Press and then enter the number. On the TI-84 Plus, negation is in the third level in the EOS hierarchy. Functions in the first level, such as squaring, are evaluated before negation. Example: MX2, evaluates to a negative number (or 0). Use parentheses to square a negative number.
Note: Use the key for subtraction and the key for negation. If you press to enter a negative number, as in 9 7, or if you press to indicate subtraction, as in 9 7, an error occurs. If you press A B, it is interpreted as implied multiplication (AMB).
Special Features of the TI-84 Plus
Flash Electronic Upgradability The TI-84 Plus uses Flash technology, which lets you upgrade to future software versions without buying a new graphing calculator. As new functionality becomes available, you can electronically upgrade your TI-84 Plus from the Internet. Future software versions include maintenance upgrades that will be released free of charge, as well as new applications and major software upgrades that will be available for purchase from the TI Web site: education.ti.com. For details, refer to Chapter 19. 1.5 Megabytes of Available Memory 1.5 MB of available memory are built into the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition, and 0.5 MB for the TI-84 Plus. About 24 kilobytes (K) of RAM (random access memory) are available for you to compute and store functions, programs, and data.
About 1.5 M of user data archive allow you to store data, programs, applications, or any other variables to a safe location where they cannot be edited or deleted inadvertently. You can also free up RAM by archiving variables to user data. For details, refer to Chapter 18. Applications Many applications are preloaded on your TI-84 Plus and others can be installed to customize the TI-84 Plus to your needs. The 1.5 MB archive space lets you store up to 94 applications at one time on the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition. Applications can also be stored on a computer for later use or linked unit-to-unit. There are 30 App slots for the TI-84 Plus. For details, refer to Chapter 18. Archiving You can store variables in the TI-84 Plus user data archive, a protected area of memory separate from RAM. The user data archive lets you: Store data, programs, applications or any other variables to a safe location where they cannot be edited or deleted inadvertently. Create additional free RAM by archiving variables.
By archiving variables that do not need to be edited frequently, you can free up RAM for applications that may require additional memory. For details, refer to:Chapter 18.

complex result8Rect returns a+bi.
4Polar 4Polar (display as polar) displays a complex result in polar form. It is valid only at the end of an expression. It is not valid if the result is real.
complex result8Polar returns re^(qi).
MATH PRB (Probability) Operations
MATH PRB Menu To display the MATH PRB menu, press |. MATH NUM CPX PRB 1: 2: 3: 4: rand nPr nCr !
Random-number generator Number of permutations Number of combinations Factorial
MATH NUM CPX PRB 5: 6: 7: 8: randInt( randNorm( randBin(
Random-integer generator Random # from Normal distribution Random # from Binomial distribution
randIntNoRep( Random ordered list of integers in a range
rand (random number) generates and returns one or more random numbers > 0 and < 1. To generate a list of random-numbers, specify an integer > 1 for numtrials (number of trials). The default for numtrials is 1. rand[(numtrials)] Note: To generate random numbers beyond the range of 0 to 1, you can include rand in an expression. For example, rand5 generates a random number > 0 and < 5.
With each rand execution, the TI-84 Plus generates the same random-number sequence for a given seed value. The TI-84 Plus factory-set seed value for rand is 0. To generate a different random-number sequence, store any nonzero seed value to rand. To restore the factory-set seed value, store 0 to rand or reset the defaults (Chapter 18).
Note: The seed value also affects randInt(, randNorm(, and randBin( instructions.

nPr, nCr

nPr (number of permutations) returns the number of permutations of items taken number at a time. items and number must be nonnegative integers. Both items and number can be lists. items nPr number nCr (number of combinations) returns the number of combinations of items taken number at a time. items and number must be nonnegative integers. Both items and number can be lists. items nCr number

Factorial

! (factorial) returns the factorial of either an integer or a multiple of.5. For a list, it returns factorials for each integer or multiple of.5. value must be L.5 and 69. value!
Note: The factorial is computed recursively using the relationship (n+1)! = nn!, until n is reduced
to either 0 or L1/2. At that point, the definition 0!=1 or the definition (L12)!=p is used to complete the calculation. Hence: n!=n(nN1)(nN2). 21, if n is an integer 0 n!= n(nN1)(nN2). 12p, if n+12 is an integer 0 n! is an error, if neither n nor n+12 is an integer 0. (The variable n equals value in the syntax description above.) randInt(

value {value1,value2,value3,value4,.,value n}
also designates degrees (D) in DMS format. ' (minutes) designates minutes (M) in DMS format. " (seconds) designates seconds (S) in DMS format.
Note: " is not on the ANGLE menu. To enter ", press [].
Radians (radians) designates an angle or list of angles as radians, regardless of the current angle mode setting. In Degree mode, you can use r to convert radians to degrees.

valuer

Degree mode
8DMS 8DMS (degree/minute/second) displays answer in DMS format. The mode setting must be Degree for answer to be interpreted as degrees, minutes, and seconds. 8DMS is valid only at the end of a line.

answer8DMS

R8Pr (, R8Pq(, P8Rx(, P8Ry(
R8Pr( converts rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates and returns r. R8Pq( converts rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates and returns q. x and y can be lists. R8Pr(x,y), R8Pq(x,y) Note: Radian mode is set.
P8Rx( converts polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates and returns x. P8Ry( converts polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates and returns y. r and q can be lists. P8Rx(r,q), P8Ry(r,q) Note: Radian mode is set.
TEST (Relational) Operations
TEST Menu To display the TEST menu, press y :.
This operator. Returns 1 (true) if.
TEST 1: = 2: 3: > 4: 5: < 6:
Equal Not equal to Greater than Greater than or equal to Less than Less than or equal to
=, , >, , <, Relational operators compare valueA and valueB and return 1 if the test is true or 0 if the test is false. valueA and valueB can be real numbers, expressions, or lists. For = and only, valueA and valueB also can be matrices or complex numbers. If valueA and valueB are matrices, both must have the same dimensions. Relational operators are often used in programs to control program flow and in graphing to control the graph of a function over specific values.
valueA=valueB valueA>valueB valueA<valueB valueAvalueB valueAvalueB valueAvalueB
Using Tests Relational operators are evaluated after mathematical functions according to EOS rules (Chapter 1). The expression 2+2=2+3 returns 0. The TI-84 Plus performs the addition first because of EOS rules, and then it compares 4 to 5. The expression 2+(2=2)+3 returns 6. The TI-84 Plus performs the relational test first because it is in parentheses, and then it adds 2, 1, and 3.
TEST LOGIC (Boolean) Operations
TEST LOGIC Menu To display the TEST LOGIC menu, press y : ~.
This operator. Returns a 1 (true) if.

TEST 1: and 2: or 3: xor

Both values are nonzero (true). At least one value is nonzero (true). Only one value is zero (false). The value is zero (false).

4: not(

Boolean Operators Boolean operators are often used in programs to control program flow and in graphing to control the graph of the function over specific values. Values are interpreted as zero (false) or nonzero (true). and, or, xor

Store parametric equations.
Select or deselect parametric equations.
Store values directly to window variables.
Exploring Parametric Graphs
Free-Moving Cursor The free-moving cursor in parametric graphing works the same as in Func graphing. In RectGC format, moving the cursor updates the values of X and Y; if CoordOn format is selected, X and Y are displayed. In PolarGC format, X, Y, R, and q are updated; if CoordOn format is selected, R and q are displayed.
TRACE To activate TRACE, press r. When TRACE is active, you can move the trace cursor along the graph of the equation one Tstep at a time. When you begin a trace, the trace cursor is on the first selected function at Tmin. If ExprOn is selected, then the function is displayed. In RectGC format, TRACE updates and displays the values of X, Y, and T if CoordOn format is on. In PolarGC format, X, Y, R, q and T are updated; if CoordOn format is selected, R, q, and T are displayed. The X and Y (or R and q) values are calculated from T. To move five plotted points at a time on a function, press y | or y ~. If you move the cursor beyond the top or bottom of the screen, the coordinate values at the bottom of the screen continue to change appropriately. Quick Zoom is available in parametric graphing; panning is not. Moving the Trace Cursor to Any Valid T Value To move the trace cursor to any valid T value on the current function, enter the number. When you enter the first digit, a T= prompt and the number you entered are displayed in the bottom-left corner of the screen. You can enter an expression at the T= prompt. The value must be valid for the current viewing window. When you have completed the entry, press to move the cursor.
ZOOM operations in parametric graphing work the same as in Func graphing. Only the X (Xmin, Xmax, and Xscl) and Y (Ymin, Ymax, and Yscl) window variables are affected.
The T window variables (Tmin, Tmax, and Tstep) are only affected when you select ZStandard. The VARS ZOOM secondary menu ZT/Zq items 1:ZTmin, 2:ZTmax, and 3:ZTstep are the zoom memory variables for parametric graphing. CALC

patres specifies one of eight shading resolutions. patres=1 patres=2 patres=3 patres=4 patres=5 patres=6 patres=7 patres=8 shades every pixel (default) shades every second pixel shades every third pixel shades every fourth pixel shades every fifth pixel shades every sixth pixel shades every seventh pixel shades every eighth pixel

Drawing Circles

Drawing a Circle Directly on a Graph To draw a circle directly on a displayed graph using the cursor, follow these steps. 1. Select 9:Circle( from the DRAW menu.
2. Place the cursor at the center of the circle you want to draw. Press. 3. Move the cursor to a point on the circumference. Press to draw the circle on the graph.
Note: This circle is displayed as circular, regardless of the window variable values, because you drew it directly on the display. When you use the Circle( instruction from the home screen or a
program, the current window variables may distort the shape. To continue drawing circles, repeat steps 2 and 3. To cancel Circle(, press. Drawing a Circle from the Home Screen or a Program
Circle( draws a circle with center (X,Y) and radius. These values can be expressions. Circle(X,Y,radius)
Note: When you use Circle( on the home screen or from a program, the current window values may distort the drawn circle. Use ZSquare (Chapter 3) before drawing the circle to adjust the window variables and make the circle circular.

Placing Text on a Graph

Placing Text Directly on a Graph To place text on a graph when the graph is displayed, follow these steps. 1. Select 0:Text( from the DRAW menu. 2. Place the cursor where you want the text to begin. 3. Enter the characters. Press or y 7 to enter letters and q. You may enter TI-84 Plus functions, variables, and instructions. The font is proportional, so the exact number of characters you can place on the graph varies. As you type, the characters are placed on top of the graph. To cancel Text(, press.
Placing Text on a Graph from the Home Screen or a Program
Text( places on the current graph the characters comprising value, which can include TI-84 Plus functions and instructions. The top-left corner of the first character is at pixel (row,column), where row is an integer between 0 and 57 and column is an integer between 0 and 94. Both row and column can

be expressions.

Text(row,column,value,value) value can be text enclosed in quotation marks ( " ), or it can be an expression. The TI-84 Plus will

Copying One List to Another To copy a list, store it to another list.
Accessing a List Element You can store a value to or recall a value from a specific list element. You can store to any element within the current list dimension or one element beyond.

listname(element)

Deleting a List from Memory To delete lists from memory, including L1 through L6, use the MEMORY MANAGEMENT/DELETE secondary menu (Chapter 18). Resetting memory restores L1 through L6. Removing a list from the stat list editor does not delete it from memory. Using Lists in Graphing To graph a family of curves, you can use lists (Chapter 3) or the Transformation Graphing App.

Entering List Names

Using the LIST NAMES Menu To display the LIST NAMES menu, press y 9. Each item is a user-created list name except for L1 through L6. LIST NAMES menu items are sorted automatically in alphanumerical order. Only the first 10 items are labeled, using 1 through 9, then 0. To jump to the first list name that begins with a particular alpha character or q, press [letter from A to Z or q].
Note: From the top of a menu, press } to move to the bottom. From the bottom, press to move
to the top. When you select a list name from the LIST NAMES menu, the list name is pasted to the current cursor location. The list name symbol precedes a list name when the name is pasted where non-list name data also is valid, such as the home screen.
The symbol does not precede a list name when the name is pasted where a list name is the only valid input, such as the stat list editors Name= prompt or the stat plot editors XList: and YList: prompts.
Entering a User-Created List Name Directly To enter an existing list name directly, follow these steps. 1. Press y 9 ~ to display the LIST OPS menu. 2. Select B:, which pastes to the current cursor location. is not always necessary.
Note: You also can paste to the current cursor location from the CATALOG.
3. Enter the characters that comprise the list name.
Attaching Formulas to List Names
Attaching a Formula to a List Name You can attach a formula to a list name so that each list element is a result of the formula. When executed, the attached formula must resolve to a list. When anything in the attached formula changes, the list to which the formula is attached is updated automatically. When you edit an element of a list that is referenced in the formula, the corresponding element in the list to which the formula is attached is updated. When you edit the formula itself, all elements in the list to which the formula is attached are updated.
For example, the first screen below shows that elements are stored to L3, and the formula L3+10 is attached to the list name ADD10. The quotation marks designate the formula to be attached to ADD10. Each element of ADD10 is the sum of an element in L3 and 10.

SAMP1={12.207, 16.869, 25.05, 22.429, 8.456, 10.589} SAMP2={11.074, 9.686, 12.064, 9.351, 8.182, 6.642} Data Input: Stats

1-PropZTest

1-PropZTest (one-proportion z test; item 5) computes a test for an unknown proportion of successes (prop). It takes as input the count of successes in the sample x and the count of observations in the sample n. 1-PropZTest tests the null hypothesis H0: prop=p0 against one of the alternatives below.
Ha: propp 0 (prop:p0) Ha: prop<p0 (prop:<p0) Ha: prop>p 0 (prop:>p0)

Input:

2-PropZTest
2-PropZTest (two-proportion z test; item 6) computes a test to compare the proportion of successes (p1 and p2) from two populations. It takes as input the count of successes in each sample (x1 and x2) and the count of observations in each sample (n1 and n2). 2-PropZTest tests the null hypothesis
H0: p1=p2 (using the pooled sample proportion ) against one of the alternatives below. Ha: p1p2 (p1:p2) Ha: p1<p2 (p1:<p2) Ha: p1>p2 (p1:>p2)

ZInterval

ZInterval (one-sample z confidence interval; item 7) computes a confidence interval for an unknown
population mean m when the population standard deviation s is known. The computed confidence interval depends on the user-specified confidence level. In the example:

TInterval

TInterval (one-sample t confidence interval; item 8) computes a confidence interval for an unknown
population mean m when the population standard deviation s is unknown. The computed confidence interval depends on the user-specified confidence level. In the example:
L6={1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9} Data Input: Stats

2-SampZInt

2-SampZInt (two-sample z confidence interval; item 9) computes a confidence interval for the difference between two population means (m1Nm2) when both population standard deviations (s1 and s2) are known. The computed confidence interval depends on the user-specified confidence level.
LISTC={154, 109, 137, 115, 140} LISTD={108, 115, 126, 92, 146} Data Input: Stats

2-SampTInt

2-SampTInt (two-sample t confidence interval; item 0) computes a confidence interval for the difference between two population means (m1Nm2) when both population standard deviations (s1 and s2) are unknown. The computed confidence interval depends on the user-specified confidence level.

df/2 df x/f x = -------------------- 1/2 x e ,x 0 df 2

c2pdf(x,df)

Note: For this example, Xmin = 0 Xmax = 30 Ymin = L.02 Ymax =.132
c2cdf( c2cdf( computes the c2 (chi-square) distribution probability between lowerbound and upperbound for the specified df (degrees of freedom), which must be an integer > 0. c2cdf(lowerbound,upperbound,df)
Fpdf( pdf( computes the probability density function (pdf) for the distribution at a specified x value. numerator df (degrees of freedom) and denominator df must be integers > 0. To plot the distribution, paste pdf( to the Y= editor. The probability density function (pdf) is:
n + d /2 n + d /2 - n n/2 n/f x = --------------------------------- -- x 1 + nx/d ,x 0 n/2 d/2 d
n = numerator degrees of freedom d = denominator degrees of freedom
pdf(x,numerator df,denominator df)
Note: For this example, Xmin = 0 Xmax = 5 Ymin = 0 Ymax = 1
Fcdf( cdf( computes the distribution probability between lowerbound and upperbound for the specified numerator df (degrees of freedom) and denominator df. numerator df and denominator df must be integers > 0. cdf(lowerbound,upperbound,numerator df,denominator df)

binompdf

binompdf( computes a probability at x for the discrete binomial distribution with the specified numtrials and probability of success (p) on each trial. x can be an integer or a list of integers. 0p1 must be true. numtrials must be an integer > 0. If you do not specify x, a list of probabilities from 0 to numtrials is returned. The probability density function (pdf) is:
nx n x fx = p 1 p ,x = 0,1,.,n x

where n = numtrials

binompdf(numtrials,p[,x])

binomcdf(

binomcdf( computes a cumulative probability at x for the discrete binomial distribution with the specified numtrials and probability of success (p) on each trial. x can be a real number or a list of real numbers. 0p1 must be true. numtrials must be an integer > 0. If you do not specify x, a list of cumulative probabilities is returned.
binomcdf(numtrials,p[,x])

poissonpdf(

poissonpdf( computes a probability at x for the discrete Poisson distribution with the specified mean m, which must be a real number > 0. x can be an integer or a list of integers. The probability density function (pdf) is:

f x = e x! ,x = 0,1,2,.

poissonpdf(m,x)

poissoncdf(

poissoncdf( computes a cumulative probability at x for the discrete Poisson distribution with the specified mean m, which must be a real number > 0. x can be a real number or a list of real

poissoncdf(m,x)

geometpdf(
geometpdf( computes a probability at x, the number of the trial on which the first success occurs, for the discrete geometric distribution with the specified probability of success p. 0p1 must be true. x can be an integer or a list of integers. The probability density function (pdf) is:

5. Press p to display the new window settings.
Note: To return to the previous graph, press q ~ 1:ZPrevious.
Finding the Calculated Maximum You can use a CALCULATE menu operation to calculate a local maximum of a function. To do this, pick a point to the left of where you think the maximum is on the graph. This is called the left bound. Next, pick a point to the right of the maximum. This is called the right bound. Finally, guess the maximum by moving the cursor to a point between the left and right bounds. With this information, the maximum can be calculated by the methods programmed in the TI-84 Plus. 1. Press y / to display the CALCULATE menu. Press 4 to select 4:maximum. The graph is displayed again with a

Left Bound? prompt.

2. Press | to trace along the curve to a point to the left of the maximum, and then press. A 4 at the top of the screen indicates the selected bound. A Right Bound? prompt is displayed. 3. Press ~ to trace along the curve to a point to the right of the maximum, and then press. A 3 at the top of the screen indicates the selected bound. A Guess? prompt is displayed. 4. Press | to trace to a point near the maximum, and then press.
Or, press 3 8, and then press to enter a guess for the maximum. When you press a number key in TRACE, the X= prompt is displayed in the bottomleft corner. Notice how the values for the calculated maximum compare with the maximums found with the free-moving cursor, the trace cursor, and the table.
Note: In steps 2 and 3 above, you can
enter values directly for Left Bound and Right Bound, in the same way as described in step 4.
Comparing Test Results Using Box Plots
Problem An experiment found a significant difference between boys and girls pertaining to their ability to identify objects held in their left hands, which are controlled by the right side of their brains, versus their right hands, which are controlled by the left side of their brains. The TI Graphics team conducted a similar test for adult men and women. The test involved 30 small objects, which participants were not allowed to see. First, they held 15 of the objects one by one in their left hands and guessed what they were. Then they held the other 15 objects one by one in their right hands and guessed what they were. Use box plots to compare visually the correct-guess data from this table. Each row in the table represents the results observed for one subject. Note that 10 women and 12 men were tested.
Correct Guesses Women Left Women Right Men Left Men Right 9 9
Procedure 1. Press 5 to select 5:SetUpEditor. Enter list names WLEFT, WRGHT, MLEFT, and MRGHT, separated by commas. Press. The stat list editor now contains only these four lists. (See Chapter 11: Lists for detailed instructions for using the SetUpEditor.) 2. Press 1 to select 1:Edit. 3. Enter into WLEFT the number of correct guesses each woman made using her left hand (Women Left). Press ~ to move to WRGHT and enter the number of correct guesses each woman made using her right hand (Women Right). 4. Likewise, enter each mans correct guesses in MLEFT (Men Left) and MRGHT (Men Right).

Y= functions off

Window variable values such as Xmin=L10, Xmax=10, Xscl=1, Yscl=1, and Xres=1

STAT PLOTS off

Format settings such as CoordOn (graphing coordinates on); AxesOn; and ExprOn (expression on)

rand seed value to 0

Displaying the RAM ARCHIVE ALL Menu To display the RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu on the TI-84 Plus, follow these steps. 1. Press y L to display the MEMORY menu. 2. Select 7:Reset to display the RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu.
Resetting RAM Memory Resetting all RAM restores RAM system variables to factory settings and deletes all nonsystem variables and all programs. Resetting RAM defaults restores all system variables to default settings without deleting variables and programs in RAM. Resetting all RAM or resetting defaults does not affect variables and applications in user data archive.
Note: Before you reset all RAM memory, consider restoring sufficient available memory by deleting

only selected data.

To reset all RAM memory or RAM defaults on the TI-84 Plus, follow these steps. 1. From the RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu, select 1:All RAM to display the RESET RAM menu or 2:Defaults to display the RESET DEFAULTS menu.
2. If you are resetting RAM, read the message below the RESET RAM menu. To cancel the reset and return to the HOME screen, press. To erase RAM memory or reset defaults, select 2:Reset. Depending on your choice, the message RAM cleared or Defaults set is displayed on the home screen.
Resetting Archive Memory When resetting archive memory on the TI-84 Plus, you can choose to delete from user data archive all variables, all applications, or both variables and applications. To reset all or part of user data archive memory, follow these steps. 1. From the RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu, press ~ to display the ARCHIVE menu.
2. Select one of the following:
1:Vars to display the RESET ARC VARS menu.
2:Apps to display the RESET ARC APPS menu.
3:Both to display the RESET ARC BOTH menu.
3. Read the message below the menu. To cancel the reset and return to the HOME screen, press. To continue with the reset, select 2:Reset. A message indicating the type of archive memory cleared will be displayed on the HOME screen.
Resetting All Memory When resetting all memory on the TI-84 Plus, RAM and user data archive memory is restored to factory settings. All nonsystem variables, applications, and programs are deleted. All system variables are reset to default settings. Before you reset all memory, consider restoring sufficient available memory by deleting only selected data. To reset all memory on the TI-84 Plus, follow these steps. 1. From the RAM ARCHIVE ALL menu, press ~ ~ to display the ALL menu.

3. Press y 8 on the sending TI-84 Plus to display the LINK SEND menu. 4. Select the menu of the items you want to transmit. 5. Press ~ on the sending TI-84 Plus to display the LINK TRANSMIT menu. 6. Confirm that the receiving unit is set to receive. 7. Press on the sending TI-84 Plus to select 1:Transmit and begin transmitting.

Receiving Items

LINK RECEIVE Menu To display the LINK RECEIVE menu, press y 8 ~. SEND RECEIVE
Sets unit to receive data transmission.

1: Receive

Receiving Unit When you select 1:Receive from the LINK RECEIVE menu on the receiving unit, the message Waiting. and the busy indicator are displayed. The receiving unit is ready to receive transmitted items. To exit the receive mode without receiving items, press , and then select 1:Quit from the Error in Xmit menu. When transmission is complete, the unit exits the receive mode. You can select 1:Receive again to receive more items. The receiving unit then displays a list of items received. Press y 5 to exit the receive mode. DuplicateName Menu During transmission, if a variable name is duplicated, the DuplicateName menu is displayed on the receiving unit. DuplicateName 1: Rename
Prompts to rename receiving variable.
2: Overwrite Overwrites data in receiving variable. 3: Omit 4: Quit
Skips transmission of sending variable. Stops transmission at duplicate variable.
When you select 1:Rename, the Name= prompt is displayed, and alpha-lock is on. Enter a new variable name, and then press. Transmission resumes. When you select 2:Overwrite, the sending units data overwrites the existing data stored on the receiving unit. Transmission resumes. When you select 3:Omit, the sending unit does not send the data in the duplicated variable name. Transmission resumes with the next item. When you select 4:Quit, transmission stops, and the receiving unit exits receive mode.
Receiving from a TI-84 Plus Silver Edition or TI-84 Plus The TI-84 Plus Silver Edition and the TI-84 Plus are totally compatible. Keep in mind, however that the TI-84 Plus has less Flash memory than a TI-84 Plus Silver Edition. You cannot send memory backups between the TI-84 Plus product family and the TI-83 Plus product family. Receiving from a TI-83 Plus Silver Edition or TI-83 Plus The TI-84 Plus product family and the TI-83 Plus product family are compatible with a few exceptions. Receiving from a TI-83 You can transfer all variables and programs from a TI-83 to a TI-84 Plus if they fit in the RAM of the TI-84 Plus. The RAM of the TI-84 Plus is slightly less than the RAM of the TI-83.

Returns to the calling program.

round(value[,#decimals])

Returns a number, expression, list, or matrix rounded to #decimals ( 9). Returns a matrix with row of matrix multiplied by value and stored in row. Returns a matrix with rowA of matrix added to rowB and stored in rowB.

NUM 2:round(

row(value,matrix,row)

MATH E:row(

row+(matrix,rowA,rowB)

MATH D:row+(

Result Returns a matrix with rowA of matrix multiplied by value, added to rowB, and stored in rowB. Returns a matrix with rowA of matrix swapped with rowB.
row+(value,matrix, rowA,rowB)
rowSwap(matrix,rowA, rowB) rref(matrix)

MATH F:row+(

MATH C:rowSwap(
Returns the reduced row-echelon form of a matrix.

MATH B:rref(

R4Pr(x,y)
Returns R, given rectangular coordinates x and y or a list of rectangular coordinates.

ANGLE 5:R4Pr(

R4Pq(x,y)
Returns q, given rectangular coordinates x and y or a list of y ; rectangular coordinates. ANGLE 6:R4Pq( TESTS E:2-SampTest
2-SampTest [listname1, Performs a two-sample test. alternative=L1 is <; listname2,freqlist1, alternative=0 is ; alternative=1 is >. drawflag=1 draws freqlist2,alternative, results; drawflag=0 calculates results. drawflag] (Data list input) 2-SampTest Sx1,n1, Sx2,n2[,alternative, drawflag] (Summary stats input) 2-SampTInt [listname1, listname2, freqlist1,freqlist2, confidence level,pooled] (Data list input) 2-SampTInt v1,Sx1,n1, Performs a two-sample test. alternative=L1 is <; alternative=0 is ; alternative=1 is >. drawflag=1 draws results; drawflag=0 calculates results. Computes a two-sample t confidence interval. pooled=1 pools variances; pooled=0 does not pool variances.
TESTS E:2-SampTest TESTS 0:2-SampTInt

v2,Sx2,n2

[,confidence level,pooled] (Summary stats input) 2-SampTTest [listname1, listname2,freqlist1, freqlist2,alternative, pooled,drawflag] (Data list input) 2-SampTTest v1,Sx1,n1, v2,Sx2,n2[,alternative, pooled,drawflag] (Summary stats input)
Computes a two-sample t confidence interval. pooled=1 pools variances; pooled=0 does not pool variances.
TESTS 0:2-SampTInt TESTS 4:2-SampTTest
Computes a two-sample t test. alternative=L1 is <; alternative=0 is ; alternative=1 is >. pooled=1 pools variances; pooled=0 does not pool variances. drawflag=1 draws results; drawflag=0 calculates results. Computes a two-sample t test. alternative=L1 is <; alternative=0 is ; alternative=1 is >. pooled=1 pools variances; pooled=0 does not pool variances. drawflag=1 draws results; drawflag=0 calculates results.

When the TI-84 Plus detects an error, it returns an error message as a menu title, such as ERR:SYNTAX or ERR:DOMAIN. This table contains each error type, possible causes, and suggestions for correction. The error types listed in this table are each preceded by ERR: on your graphing calculator display. For example, you will see ERR:ARCHIVED as a menu title when your graphing calculator detects an ARCHIVED error type.
Error Type ARCHIVED Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies You have attempted to use, edit, or delete an archived variable. For example, the expression dim(L1) produces an error if L1 is archived. You have attempted to archive a variable and there is not enough space in archive to receive it. A function or instruction does not have the correct number of arguments. See Appendix A for function and instruction syntax. Appendix A displays the arguments and punctuation needed to execute the function or instruction. For example, stdDev(list[,freqlist]) is a function of the TI-84 Plus. The arguments are shown in italics. The arguments in brackets are optional and you need not type them. You must also be sure to separate multiple arguments with a comma (,). For example, stdDev(list[,freqlist]) might be entered as stdDev(L1) or stdDev(L1,L2) since the frequency list or freqlist is optional. You have attempted to send or receive an application and an error (e.g. electrical interference) has occurred in the transmission.
In a CALC operation, you specified a Guess that is not between Left Bound and Right Bound. For the solve( function or the equation solver, you specified a guess that is not between lower and upper. Your guess and several points around it are undefined.

ARCHIVE FULL ARGUMENT

BAD ADDRESS

BAD GUESS

Examine a graph of the function. If the equation has a solution, change the bounds and/or the initial guess. BOUND
In a CALC operation or with Select(, you defined Left Bound > Right Bound. In fMin(, fMax(, solve(, or the equation solver, you entered lower upper.
You pressed the key to break execution of a program, to halt a DRAW instruction, or to stop evaluation of an expression.

Error Type DATA TYPE

Possible Causes and Suggested Remedies
You entered a value or variable that is the wrong data type.
For a function (including implied multiplication) or an instruction, you entered an argument that is an invalid data type, such as a complex number where a real number is required. See Appendix A and the appropriate chapter. In an editor, you entered a type that is not allowed, such as a matrix entered as an element in the stat list editor. See the appropriate chapter. You attempted to store an incorrect data type, such as a matrix, to a list.