The Colors Window

Click a button to view different color models. Click the search icon, and then click any item on the screen to match its color. Click to select a color in the color wheel.
You use the Colors window to select color for objects.
The color selected in the color wheel appears in this box. (The two colors in this box indicate the opacity is set to less than 100%.)
Use the slider to set lighter or darker hues in the color wheel.
Drag the Opacity slider to the left to make the color more transparent.
Drag colors from the color box to store them in the color palette.
You can use the color wheel in the Colors window to select colors. The color you select appears in the box at the top of the Colors window. You can save that color for future use by placing it in the color palette. To apply the colors you select in the Colors window to an object on the slide, you must place the color in the appropriate color well in an inspector pane. You can select a color well in one of the inspectors and then click a color in the color wheel. Or you can drag a color from the color palette or color box to a color well in one of the inspectors. To select a color: 1 Open the Color window by clicking Colors in the toolbar or clicking a color well in one of the inspectors. 2 Click anywhere in the color wheel. The selected color is displayed in the color box at the top of the Colors window.
3 To make the color lighter or darker, drag the slider on the right side of the Colors window. 4 To make the color more transparent, drag the Opacity slider to the left or enter a percentage value in the Opacity field. 5 To use the color palette, open it by dragging the handle at the bottom of the Colors window. Save a color in the palette by dragging the color from the color box to the color palette. To remove a color from the palette, drag a blank square to the color you want to remove.
6 To match the color of another item on the screen, click the search icon (looks like a magnifying glass) to the left of the color box in the Colors window. Click the item on the screen whose color you want to match. The color appears in the color box. Select the item you want to color in the document window, and then drag the color from the color box to the item.

The Fonts Window

Use the Fonts window to select fonts, font sizes, and other font formatting features, including text shadows and strikethrough. You can also use the Fonts window to organize your favorite and commonly used fonts so that they are easy to find when you need them.
Preview the selected typeface (you might need to choose Show Preview from the Action menu).

Image Bullets:Uses an image (for example, a pushpin or a fleuron) as a bullet. Select one from the list. To change the bullet size relative to the text, specify a percentage of its original size in the Size field, or select the Scale with text checkbox and specify a percentage of the text size; this option maintains the image-to-text size ratio of the bullets even if you later change the font size of the text. Custom Image:Lets you use your own image as a bullet. Locate the image you want in the Open window, and then click Open. To change the bullet size relative to the text, specify a percentage of its original size in the Size field, or select the Scale with text checkbox and specify a percentage of the text size; this option maintains the imageto-text size ratio of the bullets even if you later change the font size of the text. Numbers:Creates a numbered list. Choose a numbering style (for example, Roman or Arabic numerals) from the pop-up menu. To continue a previous list, select Continue from Previous. Otherwise select Start at and type a number in the field. Tiered Numbers:Creates a hierarchical numbered list. Choose a numbering style (for example, Roman or Arabic numerals) from the pop-up menu. To continue a previous list, select Continue from Previous. Otherwise select Start at and type a number in the field. 3 If you want subordinate points in your list to have a different numbering (or bullet) stylethis is usually the case with tiered (hierarchical) listsclick the Indent Level button to the next level and then select a new numbering style (or bullet style). Repeat this for each indentation level you want to set for your list hierarchy. 4 To adjust the space between bullets or numbers and the left margin, specify a value in the Bullet Indent or Number Indent field. 5 To adjust the space between bullets or numbers and their text, specify a value in the Text Indent field. 6 To position bullets or numbers higher or lower relative to their text, use the Align field.
About Free Text Boxes and Text in Shapes
If you want to add text outside the placeholder text areas on a slide, you can add a text box to a slide. Text boxes have no bullets (but you can add them) and are perfect for adding captions to images, adding labels to organization charts or other visual aids, or simply adding any text that you want to separate from the headings or main body bullet points on your slides. If you want to place text within a nonrectangular shape, or if you want to have more control over the color, edges, and style of the texts container, put text inside a shape.

Aligning Text Vertically

You can change the vertical alignment of paragraphs in a table cell, text box, or shape so that text is aligned to the top or bottom border or centered between top and bottom. To align text to the top, center, or bottom of a text box, table cell, or shape: 1 Select the text box, table cell, or shape whose alignment you want to change. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text button, and then click Text.
3 Click one of the three vertical alignment buttons to align text to the top, middle, or bottom of the table cell, text box, or shape. The vertical alignment buttons are also available on the format bar when you're working with a table cell.
Adjusting Spacing Within Text Box Borders
The space between the borders of a text box or shape and the text within it is called the inset margin. You can adjust this spacing using a slider in the Text inspector. To adjust the inset margin: 1 Select a text box or shape containing text. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Text inspector button. 3 In the Text inspector, click Text. 4 Drag the inset slider at the bottom of the Text inspector to achieve the look you want, or specify a value in the adjacent field.
Specify how much space you want around text inside a text box, shape, or table cell.
Setting the Spacing Between Lines of Text
You can increase or decrease the distance between lines of text using the Line Spacing control in the format bar that appears when text or a text box is selected. For even more fine control of line spacing, use the controls available in the Text inspector. To quickly adjust line spacing: mm Select the text you want to change and then choose a value from the line spacing pop-up menu.
Click to change the amount of space between lines of text.
Selecting Show More opens the Text inspector. To make finer line spacing adjustments: 1 Select the text you want to change. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text button, and then click Text. 3 Move the Line slider left to decrease spacing or right to increase it. To specify a precise line spacing value, type a point value in the Line field, or click the up or down arrow next to the field.

Click to show or hide the area outside the mask.
3 To resize the image, drag the slider above the Edit Mask button.
4 Refine the mask by doing any of the following:
To resize the mask, drag the selection handles on the mask shape. To constrain the
masks proportions, hold down the Shift key as you drag.
To rotate the mask, hold down the Command key as you drag a corner selection
handle on the mask. 5 Drag the image to position the part you want to show, or move the mask by clicking its edge and dragging it. 6 When youre satisfied with the position and size of your image and the mask, do any of the following to finish:
Double-click the mask or the image. Press Return. Click outside the image. Click Edit Mask.
7 To resize or rotate the masked image, drag or Command-drag its selection handles. 8 To change the size of the masked image, double-click the masked image, and then click Edit Mask. Repeat the steps above as needed. 9 To unmask the image, click Unmask in the toolbar (or choose Format > Unmask). To mask the image with a predrawn shape (for example, a circle or a star): mm Select the image and choose Format > Mask with Shape > shape. Resize and align the image and the mask as for any masked image, described above.
To mask the image with a custom shape: 1 Create the shape you want to use as a mask and drag it over the image you want to mask. 2 Hold down the Shift key and click to select both the shape and the image, and then click Mask in the toolbar (or choose Format > Mask with Selected Shape). 3 Resize and align the image and the mask as for any masked image, described above. Reducing Image File Sizes If youve resized or masked a very large image file, and you want to save the image file as part of your Keynote document (so that you can easily transfer it to another computer), but you want to keep the document size to a minimum, you can choose to save only the smaller (cropped or shrunk) version of the image in your presentation. Before you reduce the image file size, you must save your document. For details about how to do this, see Saving a Documenton page28.
To reduce the file size of your document, do either of the following: mm To reduce the file size of an individual image that youve masked or resized to a smaller size, select the image and choose Format > Image > Reduce Image File Size. mm To reduce the sizes of all masked and resized (shrunk) images, and shortened videos, choose File>Reduce File Size. To learn more about reducing the size of movie files, see Reducing the Size of Media Fileson page105. Note:After youve reduced the size of masked or shrunk image files, you wont be able to restore them to their original size. If you later want to restore their original size, you must add the original image files to the document again. Images used in image fills or with action builds cannot be reduced in this way. Some types of image files also may not be reducible.

4 To restore the original settings, click Reset Image. To save any changes you made, save the document. The settings at the time you save the document are visible anytime you open the Adjust Image window.

About Creating Shapes

Keynote provides a variety of predrawn shapes you can add to slides. You can also create your own custom shapes or alter the lines and contours of a predrawn shape.

Adding a Predrawn Shape

Here are ways to add a predrawn shape: mm Click Shapes in the toolbar, and then select a shape from the pop-up menu. mm Choose Insert > Shape > Shape. mm Press the Option key as you click Shapes in the toolbar, and then select a shape from the pop-up menu; the pointer changes to a crosshair. Drag across the canvas to create a shape the size you want. To constrain the shapes proportions (for example, to keep triangles equal on all sides), press the Shift key as you drag. Drag the new shape to wherever you want it on the canvas. To change the shapes contours, you must first make the shape editable; see Making Shapes Editableon page76. To learn about manipulating and aligning shapes, and changing their general object properties, such as color, border style (stroke), size, orientation, shadows, and more, see About Manipulating, Arranging, and Changing the Look of Objectson page81.

Adding a Custom Shape

You can use the Draw tool to create your own shapes. To create a custom shape: 1 Click Shapes in the toolbar, and then select the Draw tool (or choose Insert > Shape > Draw with Pen).
The pointer changes from an arrow to a small pen tip.
2 Click anywhere in your document to create the first point of the custom shape. 3 Click to create more points. Each point you add is connected to the preceding point. To delete a segment youve just created, press the Delete key. You can press Delete multiple times.
4 To stop drawing and close the shape (add a solid line between the last and first points), click the first point.
To stop drawing and leave the shape open (no line between the last and first points) so that you can work with the shape again later, press the Esc (Escape) key or double-click the last point created. 5 To close or add more points to a shape that you previously left open, click once in the shape to select it, and then click it a second time to show its points. Do any of the following:
Double-click one of the two points at either end of the open segment; the pointer

changes to a pen tip.

To add additional points, click other locations as needed.
When youre ready to stop drawing and close the shape, click the point at the end of the open segment. 6 Select the shapes border and drag it to wherever you want it on the canvas. If you want to go back and further modify the points or line contours of the shape you created, select the shape and then click it again to make it editable, and then follow the instructions for modifying shapes. To learn about manipulating and aligning shapes, and changing their general object properties, such as color, border style (stroke), size, orientation, shadows, and more, see About Manipulating, Arranging, and Changing the Look of Objectson page81.

Adjusting Media Playback Settings
If you dont want to use an entire audio file or movie in your slideshow but you want to limit the playback only to certain parts, you can set this up in the QuickTime inspector. You can also set the movie poster frame, which is the frame that displays until the movie starts playing, and other playback options.
Select the frames on which to start and stop playing the movie. Select to start the movie on click (rather than when the slide appears). Set playback repeat options. Set the playback volume. Use these controls to view the movie or play sound as you edit your slideshow. The QuickTime inspector button
Select the frame to display until the movie begins playing.
The Play, Pause, Fast-Forward, and Rewind buttons available in the QuickTime inspector can be used to play and preview your movie as you set the playback preferences described here. To set media playback preferences: 1 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the QuickTime inspector button. 2 Click the movie or sound object to select it. 3 If you want only part of the movie to play during your presentation, set the start and stop frames or times by dragging the Start and Stop sliders.
4 To specify which still frame of the movie viewers will see until the movie starts playing, drag the Poster Frame slider until you see the image you want. 5 To delay the start of the movie until the presenter clicks the mouse, select Start movie on click. 6 Choose a repeat option from the Repeat pop-up menu: None:Play only once. Loop:Repeat continuously. Loop Back and Forth:Play backward and forward continuously.
7 To increase or decrease the playback volume, drag the Volume slider to the right or left. When your movie plays during your slideshow, playback controls appear when you move the pointer over the movie. To learn more about controlling the playback of your audio or movie during your presentation, see Playing Movieson page207.
Reducing the Size of Media Files
Including large sound and movie files to your Keynote document can make the entire document file size very large. If youre using only a portion of the sound or movie file in your slideshow, you can remove the unused portions of the audio or video file to make the Keynote document file smaller. You can choose either to reduce the size of individual media files or to reduce the size of all the media files in the document that are not being used in full (including masked or resized image files). Before you reduce the movie or audio files, you must save them as part of your document. For details about how to do this, see Saving a Documenton page28. To reduce the file size of your document, do either of the following: mm To reduce the size of an individual file in your document, select a sound or movie file for which you have set the Start and Stop sliders to exclude some part of the file, or an image file that you have masked or resized to a smaller size, and then choose Format > Image > Reduce Media File Size. mm To reduce the size of all the media files in your document, make sure no sound, movie, or image file is selected, and then choose File > Reduce File Size. After reducing the size of your sound or video file, you wont be able to restore the file to its original length or listen to or view the parts that you have excluded. If youve reduced the size of a masked or resized image file, you wont be able to restore the image to a larger size without losing some image quality. If you change your mind and later want to restore the entire file, you must add the file to your slide again. Some types of movie files may not be reducible in this way.

When adjusting the opacity and fill, note that dragging the Opacity slider at the
bottom of the Graphic inspector changes the opacity of the chart as a whole. To affect only a selected series, select it, and then adjust the opacity of the color fill, gradient fill, or tinted image fill, as needed. For more details, see Adjusting Opacityon page93 and Filling an Object with a Solid Coloron page94.
To learn about using one of your own images as a fill, see Filling an Object with an

Imageon page96.

To learn about changing the look of the line around the element, see Changing the
Style of Borderson page90.
To learn about changing the shadows, see Adding Shadows to Pie Charts and

Wedgeson page147.

To learn about changing the depth qualities of a 3D pie chart, see Adjusting Scene
Settings for 3D Chartson page152. Showing Labels in a Pie Chart To show series and data point labels in pie charts, use the Chart inspector. To show series names or data point labels in a pie chart: 1 Select the chart or individual pie wedges for which you want to show a label or series name. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Chart inspector button. 3 Select Labels, and then drag the Position slider to place the data point label closer toor farther away fromthe center of the pie, or specify a value in the field to set the wedges distance from the center of the pie as a percentage of the pies radius. 4 To display the values in a particular format, choose one of the following from the Format pop-up menu and adjust the options:
Number:Displays the data point value with no units. In the Decimals field, specify how many decimal places you want to appear. To display negative values preceded by a minus sign or in parentheses, choose 100 or (100) from the pop-up menu. Select Separator if you want to separate the orders of magnitude on the left side of the decimal. Currency:Displays the data point value as a monetary amount. Select the currency unit symbol from the Symbol pop-up menu. In the Decimals field, specify how many decimal places you want to appear. To display negative values preceded by a minus sign or in parentheses, choose 100 or (100) from the pop-up menu. Select Separator if you want to separate the orders of magnitude on the left side of the decimal. Percentage:Displays the data point value as divided by 100. In the Decimals field, specify how many decimal places you want to appear. To display negative values preceded by a minus sign or in parentheses, choose 100 or (100) from the pop-up menu. Select Separator if you want to separate the orders of magnitude on the left side of the decimal. Date and Time:Displays data point values with a date and time format. Duration:Displays data point values as a unit of time, for example, seconds, minutes, or weeks. Fraction:Displays data point values less than 1 as one integer over another. (If your values are greater than 1, you wont see any fractional representation of your data.) Choose how accurately you want the fractions rounded off in the Accuracy pop-up menu. Choosing an option such as Halves or Quarters represents the values as a portion of the total pie, rounded to the nearest division you selected. Scientific:Displays data point values in scientific notation, where 10 raised to a power is represented as E+ an integer. In the Decimals field, specify how many decimal places you want to appear. Custom:Choose a custom number format youve already created, or create a new one. See Using Your Own Formats for Displaying Values in Table Cellson page179 for more information. 5 To show the series name, select Show Series Name.

Splitting cells divides each selected cell into two equal parts, horizontally (into rows) or vertically (into columns). Both of the new cells have identical background colors or images. Any text that was in the original cell remains in the topmost or leftmost cell. To split individual cells, select them. To split an entire row or column, select all the cells in the row or column. To split selected cells horizontally, do either of the following: mm Choose Format > Table > Split into Rows. mm Click Inspector in the toolbar and click the Table inspector button. In the Table inspector, click Table, and then choose Split into Rows from the Edit Rows & Columns pop-up menu.
To split selected cells vertically, do either of the following: mm Choose Format > Table > Split Columns. mm Click Inspector in the toolbar and click the Table inspector button. In the Table inspector, click Table, and then choose Split Columns from the Edit Rows & Columns pop-up menu. To rejoin cells that have previously been split: mm Select all the cells you want to rejoin, and choose Format > Table > Merge Cells.
Selecting and Moving Table Cell Borders
Select table or cell borders to change their appearance or move them within the table. You can select entire table borders or individual cell borders (segments). You can selectmultiple borders segments, too, making it easy to change the appearance of several atonce. After a table cell is selected, holding the pointer over a border makes it appear to straddle the line; this appearance tells you that if you click, youll select a border or border segment. A simple rule of thumb is to click to select a table and click a second time to select a border, and then click a third time to select a border segment.
The pointer looks like this when its over a horizontal segment.
The pointer looks like this when its over a vertical segment.
To quickly select specific table borders: 1 Select a table or table cell and click the border selection button in the format bar.

Borders button

2 Choose the set of borders that you want from the pop-up menu. 3 To select a different segment (or only a single segment if two are selected), hold the pointer over the segment you want until it changes to a set of parallel lines, and then click the border to select it.
To select borders of a selected table, do one or more of the following: mm Click a border to select it. mm Click another border to select the border. mm Hold down the Shift or Command key while you click to select (or deselect) multiple borders. mm Double-click a selected border to select a segment of the border. mm Hold down the Shift or Command key while you click to select (or deselect) multiple border segments. To quickly select the corresponding borders of multiple cells: 1 Select the table, row, column, or cells. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and click the Table button to open the Table inspector. 3 Click Table in the Table inspector. 4 Click any of the Cell Borders buttons in the Table inspector. To move a border segment: mm Select it and drag it to where you want. Formatting Table Cell Borders You can change the line thickness and color of table cell borders. Or you can hide the cell border of any cell. To format table cell borders: 1 Select the cell border segments you want to format. 2 To change the line style (stroke), click the stroke pop-up menu in the format bar and select a solid line, a dashed line, or None (to make the borders invisible).

Below text and above an empty Above text cell
Using Conditional Formatting to Monitor Table Cell Values
Conditional formatting changes a cells appearance when cells contain a test value, which can be either a specific value that you supply or a value that matches another value in a specific table cell. To apply conditional formatting, you select one or more cells and then define one or more rules. The rules specify which visual effects to associate with cells when they contain the test value. Rules applied to multiple cells trigger conditional formatting when any of the cells contains the test value. To set up or modify conditional formatting rules: 1 Select one or more cells. To apply the same rules to an entire table, select the entire table. Rules you define are applied only to the cells that are selected at the time you define the rule. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Table inspector button, and click Format in the Table inspector. 3 Click Show Rules to open the Conditional Format window. 4 Choose the logical rule of your test by making a selection from the Choose a rule pop-up menu.
The options in the top section of the menu apply tests to numeric values. Options in the middle section are for text values. The With dates option is for dates.
5 To specify a test value, do one of the following:
To specify a number or text, type it into the value field to the right of the pop-up
menu. If youve selected Between or Not Between as the logical rule, youll need to supply two numbers.
To specify the value in an existing table cell, click the blue icon in the value field, and
then click the table cell that contains the value you want. If youve selected Between or Not Between as the logical rule, youll need to supply two cell locations.
6 To specify the formatting to apply to cells that contain the test value, click Edit and then make selections as described:
Text color well:Click it to select a color to apply to cell values.
Font style buttons:Click B to show cell values in boldface; click I to show them in italics; click U to underline cell values; or click T to apply the strikethrough style. Fill color well:Click it to select a cell fill color. As you click, the Sample box displays the effect of your selections. 7 When youre satisfied with the effect, click Done. 8 To add another rule, click the Add button (+) and repeat steps 3 through 7. To delete a rule, click the Remove button (). To clear all the rules, click Clear All Rules. 9 To delete a rule, click the Remove button (). 10 To change a rule, redefine its pop-up menu options, change test values, or change formatting, do any of the following:
To delete a test value that refers to a table cell, select a cell reference in the test
value field and press Delete.
To replace a cell reference with a different one, select the cell reference in the test

Table Cell Formats Following is a detailed description of table cell formats.
Use this cell format automatic When you want to Automatically format content based on the characters it contains (no special formatting) Format the display of a numbers decimal places, thousands separator, and negative values Format the display of monetary values Learn more here Applying the Automatic Format to Table Cellson page174 Applying a Number Format to Table Cellson page175

number

currency percentage date and time
Applying a Currency Format to Table Cellson page175
Display numeric values followed Applying a Percentage Format by the % symbol to Table Cellson page176 Format how date and time values are displayed Format the display of week, day, hour, minute, second, and microsecond values Format the display of any part of a value smaller than 1 Applying a Date and Time Format to Table Cellson page176 Applying a Duration Format to Table Cellson page177 Applying the Fraction Format to Table Cellson page177

duration

fraction numeral system
Format the display of numbers Applying a Numeral System Format to Table Cellson using the conventions of a particular numeral system (such page178 as decimal or binary) Format the display of numbers Applying the Scientific Format using an exponent raised by the to Table Cellson page178 power of 10 Display cell content exactly as you type it Define your own cell format. Applying the Text Format to Table Cellson page179 Creating a Custom Number Formaton page180

scientific

text custom
Applying the Automatic Format to Table Cells
The automatic format uses a cells content to determine how to display the content. When you add a new cell, its content is displayed using the automatic format by default. To apply the automatic format: 1 Select the cell or cells. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Table button. 3 In the Table inspector, click Format. 4 Choose Automatic from the Cell Format pop-up menu.
This content in a cell assigned the automatic format A number Is formatted like this for display Decimal places and commas are preserved as entered. For example, 1,000,000.008 displays as 1,000,000.008. A currency value Decimal places and commas are preserved as entered. For example $1,000.0075 displays as $1,000.0075. The value is preserved as entered and treated as text, not as a date, in formulas. For example, 1/1 displays as 1/1. A Boolean value The values true and false are converted to TRUE and FALSE. These cells can be used in Boolean operations in formulas. A number followed by the % sign is displayed as entered, and in formulas the value is treated as a percentage value. A space before the % sign is not required. For example, you can type 5% or 5 %. A scientific value The display format rounds the value to 2 decimal places. For example, 1.777E3 is displayed as 1.78+E3. A duration value A fraction value The value is preserved as entered and treated as text. The value is preserved as entered and treated as text.

When you type this value into a cell with the above format -500 Account closed
The value is displayed like this Due: $0015.00K Paid in Full Credit: $ (0000.50K) Note: Account closed
To create a custom number format that has conditions: 1 Select one or more cells. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar and click the Table button. 3 In the Table inspector, click Format. 4 Choose Custom from the Cell Format pop-up menu. The custom format window opens. The display format you specify in the topmost field is applied if the number entered doesnt satisfy any of the other conditions. Text Element conditions can only be used in this topmost field. To learn about Text Elements, see Creating a Custom Text Formaton page190.
5 Click the Add (+) button to the right of the format field to add a condition. 6 From the pop-up menu above the new format field, choose a condition option.
7 Define the number format you want to apply when a number meets the condition by adding elements to the format field. See Creating a Custom Number Formaton page180 for information about interacting with the format field.
8 Repeat steps 5 through 7 as needed to define all your conditions. Note:To remove a condition, click the Delete () button to the right of its format field. 9 In the topmost format field, define the display format you want to use if a number doesnt meet any of the conditions. You can use the Entered Text element to display predefined text if a text value is entered instead of a number.
10 In the Name field, type a name for your number format, and then click OK to save it and apply it to selected cells. Custom format names are listed in the Cell Formats pop-up menu in the Format pane of the Table inspector. Creating a Custom Date/Time Format To define your own display format for date and time values in table cells: 1 Select one or more cells. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar and click the Table button. 3 In the Table inspector, click Format. 4 Choose Custom from the Cell Format pop-up menu. The custom format window opens. 5 From the Type pop-up menu, choose Date & Time.

Defining Object Placeholders
You can create a placeholder on a master slide to hold tables and charts. When you add one of these items to a slide based on that master, the object automatically goes into the placeholder at the specified position and size. To define an object placeholder: 1 In the Master Slide navigator, select a slide (to open the Master Slide navigator, click View in the toolbar and choose Show Master Slides). 2 Open the Master Slide inspector and then click Appearance. 3 Select Object Placeholder. 4 Position and size the placeholder.
Creating Background Elements on Master Slides
You can make an element (such as a company logo or other graphic, text, or color) appear on every slide thats based on a particular master slide. Using this technique is one way to create groups of related slides within a presentation. You could, for example, incorporate a subtle difference in the background of each group of slides. To do so, you create a set of master slides with each of the different backgrounds. To modify a master slide background: 1 Select a master slide to work with. 2 Select unwanted elements and then press the Delete key. 3 If you want an object (shape, image, sound or movie file, table, or chart) to be a background element, add it to the master slide and then size and position it on the slide. After you place an object, you can choose Arrange > Lock to prevent it from being accidentally moved as you work. 4 To allow master objects to interleave with objects added to slides based on that master, open the Master Slide inspector, click Appearance, and select Allow objects on slide to layer with master. For more information about layering objects, see Moving an Object Forward or Backward (Layering Objects)on page83. 5 To fill the slide background with color or an image, use the Background controls in the Appearance pane of the Master Slide inspector.
A common use of background layers is for alpha-channel graphics (graphics with transparency); you can add objects to a slide and layer them so that they show through part of the background image.
Adding Alignment Guides to Master Slides

Creating Builds on Master Slides
You can add object builds to a master slide so that the build effects appear on every slide based on that master. For example, if you plan to create a number of slides with bulleted text, and you want each slide to build in bullet by bullet, create a master slide with the desired build effects, and then use that master to create the rest of your slides. To create a build on a master slide: 1 Click View in the toolbar and choose Show Master Slides. 2 In the master slide navigator, select a master slide. 3 Define builds using the instructions in Moving Objects on or off Slides Using Buildson page110.

About Custom Themes

If you modify master slides in a theme and you want to use these modifications again in other slideshows, you can save the modified theme as a custom theme. After you save your custom theme, it appears in the Theme Chooser. When you select your custom theme, it comes with all the master slides you defined.

Saving a Custom Theme

Create a new theme that contains any master slide changes youve made to the current theme. To save the current theme as a custom theme: 1 Choose File > Save Theme. 2 Type a name for your theme. 3 If you added sound or movies that you want to include in the theme, select Copy audio and movies into theme. If you dont see this checkbox, click the disclosure triangle to the right of the Save As field. Saving media files with a document makes the file much larger. 4 Click Save. Unless you specify another location, custom themes are saved in the Themes folder on your hard disk ([home]/Library/Application Support/iWork/Keynote/Themes). Only themes in this folder appear in the Theme Chooser. If you store your theme in another location, you can still open it (from the Finder) and use it to create a slideshow.
Creating a Theme from Scratch
If you want to create an entirely new theme that is not based on any existing Keynote theme, the easiest way is to create a new Keynote document and delete all master slides from it except for one blank slide. To delete a master slide, select it in the master slide navigator and choose Edit > Delete or press the Delete key. Here are tips for creating the new theme: mm Set up all text and background attributes before creating new master slides. mm On a sample slide, test your text layouts to be sure they work with text longer than a line or two. Consider how many bullets you want to fit in a body text box when you set its size and placement. mm Duplicate the original master slide to create various text layouts. New masters made from copies automatically inherit the originals text and background attributes. Then you only have to adjust the text box layouts (for example, remove the title text box and expand the body text box for a body only master slide). mm Create sample slides in the slide navigator based on each master you design and place free text boxes, shapes, tables, and images on each one, if you want the default object attributes to be different on different master slides. (If you want to set the same default object attributes for all masters, you need to do this for only one master slide.) mm Create a series of sample slides in the slide navigator based on each of your master slides. Design a chart on one slide, and then copy and paste it onto each of the slides. Then convert each chart to a different chart type, and set its size and position. Do this step before you define default chart styles using Format > Advanced.

Using Advanced Typography Features Adjusting Font Smoothing Setting Text Alignment, Spacing, and Color Using the Text Inspector to Manage Alignment, Spacing, and Color Aligning Text Horizontally Aligning Text Vertically Adjusting the Spacing Between Lines of Text Adjusting the Spacing Before or After a Paragraph Adjusting the Spacing Between Characters Changing Text Color Using the Text Inspector Setting Tab Stops to Align Text Setting a New Tab Stop Changing a Tab Stop Deleting a Tab Stop Setting Indents Setting Indents for Paragraphs Changing the Inset Margin of Text in Objects Setting Indents for Lists Using Bulleted, Numbered, and Ordered Lists (Outlines) Generating Lists Automatically Using Bulleted Lists Using Numbered Lists Using Ordered Lists (Outlines) Using Text Boxes and Shapes to Highlight Text Adding Free Text Boxes Presenting Text in Columns Putting Text Inside a Shape Formatting a Text Box or Shape Using Hyperlinks Linking to a Webpage Linking to a Preaddressed Email Message Linking to a Slide Linking to a Keynote File Using a Hyperlink to Stop a Slideshow Underlining Hyperlink Text Automatically Substituting Text Inserting a Nonbreaking Space Checking for Spelling Mistakes Finding Misspelled Words Working with Spelling Suggestions Finding and Replacing Text

Chapter 4

Working with Sound, Movies, Graphics, and Other Objects Selecting Objects Copying or Duplicating Objects Deleting Objects Moving Objects Moving an Object Forward or Backward (Layering Objects) Aligning Objects Aligning Objects on a Slide Relative to One Another Spacing Objects Evenly on a Slide Using Alignment Guides Creating Your Own Alignment Guides Using Master Gridlines Setting Precise Positions of Objects Modifying Objects Resizing Objects Flipping and Rotating Objects Changing the Style of Borders Framing Objects Adding Shadows Adding a Reflection Adjusting Opacity Grouping and Locking Objects Grouping and Ungrouping Objects Locking and Unlocking Objects Filling Objects Filling an Object with Color Using the Colors Window Filling an Object with an Image Using Shapes Adding a Predrawn Shape Adding a Custom Shape Making Shapes Editable Manipulating Points of a Shape Reshaping a Curve Reshaping a Straight Segment Transforming Corner Points into Curved Points and Vice Versa Editing Specific Predrawn Shapes Editing a Rounded Rectangle Editing Single and Double Arrows Editing a Star Editing a Polygon Using Media Placeholders Working with Images

Chapter 117 118

Importing an Image Masking (Cropping) Images Cropping an Image Using the Default (Rectangular) Mask Masking an Image with a Shape Unmasking an Image Removing the Background or Unwanted Elements from an Image Changing an Images Brightness, Contrast, and Other Settings Using Sound and Movies Adding Sound to a Slide Adding a Soundtrack to a Slideshow Adding a Movie Adjusting Media Playback Settings Adding Narration Rerecording a Recorded Slideshow Playing a Recorded Slideshow Deleting a Recording Adding Web Views Making an Object a Hyperlink Using Motion in Slideshows Adding Transitions Between Slides Animating Slides with Object Builds Moving Objects on or off Slides Using Build Effects Animating Objects on Slides (Action Builds) Making Objects Fade, Rotate, Grow, or Shrink Animating Images Using Smart Builds Reordering Object Builds Activating Object Builds Creating Builds That Interleave an Objects Parts Animating Specific Kinds of Objects Creating Text Builds Creating Table Builds Creating Chart Builds Creating Movie Builds Deleting Object Builds Using Tables About Tables Working with Tables Adding a Table Using Table Tools Resizing a Table Moving Tables

Chapter 6

Chapter 136
Copying Tables Among iWork Applications Selecting Tables and Their Components Selecting a Table Selecting a Table Cell Selecting a Group of Table Cells Selecting a Row or Column Selecting Table Cell Borders Working with Content in Table Cells Adding and Editing Cell Values Working with Text in Cells Working with Numbers in Cells Working with Dates in Cells Displaying Content Too Large for Its Cell Formatting Cell Values Using the Number Format Using the Currency Format Using the Percentage Format Using the Date and Time Format Using the Fraction Format Using the Scientific Format Using the Text Format Monitoring Cell Values Adding Images or Color to Cells Autofilling Table Cells Working with Rows and Columns Adding Rows Adding Columns Deleting Table Rows and Columns Using a Table Header Row or Column Using a Footer Row Resizing Table Rows and Columns Alternating Row Colors Working with Table Cells Merging Table Cells Splitting Table Cells Formatting Table Cell Borders Copying and Moving Cells Sorting Table Cells Using Formulas and Functions in Tables Using Formulas Adding a Quick Formula Performing a Basic Calculation Using Column Values

Making the Same Change on Multiple Slides
You can quickly make the same changefor example, resizing text, repositioning a graphic, or using a different background coloron many slides by modifying the master on which the slides are based. To make the same change on multiple slides: 1 Select a slide you want to modify. 2 Click View in the toolbar and choose Show Master Slides. 3 In the slide navigator, click the master slide used for the selected slide (the master slide has a checkmark next to it). 4 Make your changes to the master slide. All slides based on that master inherit the changes you make to the master slide.

Working with Text

This chapter describes how to add and modify the appearance of text, including lists.
In Keynote, you can place text in text boxes, table cells, and shapes.

Adding Text

Master slides provide placeholder text (which you replace with your own) for slide titles and body text. Title text is larger than body text. Most body text is bulleted (preceded by a dot or other ornament), but you can change to non-bulleted text using the Bullets pane in the Text Inspector. Here are ways to add text to a slide: m To add title text, double-click in a title text placeholder on the slide canvas and type your text. m To add body text, double-click in a body text placeholder on the slide canvas and begin typing. m To move to the next line, press Return. m To indent a line, press Tab. To outdent an indented line, press Shift-Tab.
m To move a bulleted line to a higher indent level, press Shift-Tab.
Double-click in a title text box and type a title. The font and text size are already set for you.
Double-click in a body text box and type to create text. The font, text size, and other attributes are already set.
If the slide youre working on doesnt have title text or body text, you can either choose a different master or select Title or Body in the Appearance pane of the Slide Inspector. You can also add a free text box to the slide canvas. The text in free text boxes doesnt appear in outline view.

Selecting Text

Before you format or perform other operations on text, you need to select the text you want to work with. Here are ways to select text: m To select one or more characters, click in front of the first character and drag across the characters you want to select. m To select a word, double-click the word. m To select a paragraph, click three times in the paragraph. m To select all text in a document, choose Edit > Select All.

In Mac OS X version 10.4, the Character Palette looks like this:
4 Click an item in the list on the left to see the characters that are available in each category. 5 Double-click the character or symbol on the right that you want to insert into your document, or select the character and click Insert. If the character or symbol has variations, they appear at the bottom of the window when you click the Character Info triangle or Font Variation triangle at the bottom of the palette. Double-click one to insert it in your document. Using Smart Quotes Smart quotes are opening and closing quotation marks that are curly; the opening quotation marks are different from the closing marks. When you dont use smart quotes, the marks are straight and the opening and closing marks dont differ.
Curly quotes Straight quotes
To use smart quotes: m Choose Keynote > Preferences, click Auto-Correction, and then select Use smart quotes.
Using Advanced Typography Features
Some fonts, such as Zapfino and Hoefler, have advanced typography features, which let you create different effects. If you are using a font that has different typography effects available, you can change many of them in the Font submenu of the Format menu. For example, you may be able to adjust the following: Kern: Place characters closer together or farther apart. Ligature: Use or leave out stylish flourishes between letters or at the end or beginning of lines that combine two or more text characters into one glyph.
With ligature Without ligature
In the Ligature submenu, choose Use Default to use ligature settings specified in the Typography window for the font youre using, choose Use None to turn off ligatures for selected text, or choose Use All to turn on additional ligatures for the selected text. Baseline: Move text higher or lower than the text around it. Capitalization: Convert characters to all capital letters, small capital letters, or initial capital letters (title style). Advanced typography features are available in the Typography window. To open the Typography window: 1 Click Fonts in the toolbar. 2 In the Font panel, choose Typography from the Action pop-up menu (in the lower-left corner).

Adjusting Font Smoothing

If the fonts on your screen look fuzzy, blurry, or jagged, you may want to adjust the font smoothing style or change the text size at which Mac OS X starts to smooth fonts. To smooth the fonts on your screen: 1 Open System Preferences and click Appearance. 2 Choose a font smoothing style from the pop-up menu at the bottom. Depending on the type of display you have, you may notice only small or no differences between smoothing styles. 3 If you plan to use small font sizes in your document, choose a point size from the Turn off text smoothing for font sizes pop-up menu. When text smoothing (or antialiasing) is on, smaller fonts can be harder to read.

Use the pop-up menu to set the size of the image within the object. To change the image, drag an image to the image well.
4 Choose an image scale from the pop-up menu. Scale To Fit: Resizes the image to fit the objects dimensions as well as possible. If the objects shape is different from the original images, parts of the image may not appear; blank space may also appear around the image. Scale To Fill: Makes the image appear larger or smaller, sizing it to leave minimum space around the image, even if the object and image have different shapes. Stretch: Sizes the image to fit the objects dimensions but distorts it if the object has a shape different from the original image. Original Size: Places the image inside the object without altering its original dimensions. If the image is larger than the object, you see only a part of the image in the object. If the image is smaller than the object, there is blank space around it.
Tile: Repeats the image inside the object, if the image is smaller than the object. If the image is larger than the object, you see only part of the image inside the object.
Scale to Fill Original Size

Tile (large image)

Scale to Fit

Stretch

Tile (small image)
5 If you chose Tinted Image Fill, click the color well (to the right of the Choose button) to choose a tint color. Drag the Opacity slider in the Colors window to make the tint darker or lighter. (If you drag the Opacity slider in the Graphic Inspector, it will change the opacity of both the tint and the image.)
Click to select a tint color for the image.

Using Shapes

Keynote provides a variety of predrawn shapes you can add to slides. You can also create your own custom shapes.

Adding a Predrawn Shape

You can insert predrawn shapes, such as triangles, arrows, circles, and rectangles, to use as simple graphics. Here are ways to add a predrawn shape: m Click Shapes in the toolbar, and then choose a shape from the Shapes submenu. You can also choose Insert > Shape > Shape. m You can also create one of the included shapes from the shapes center. Option-click Shapes in the toolbar, choose a shape, and then drag the crosshair pointer. To constrain the shape (for example, to keep triangles equal on all sides), press the Shift key as you drag.

Adding a Custom Shape

You can use the Draw tool to create your own shapes. To create a custom shape: 1 Click Shapes in the toolbar, and then select the Draw tool (or choose Insert > Shape > Draw a Shape).

Animating Objects on Slides (Action Builds)
With action builds, you can move objects on a slide. To move an object from one location on a slide to another: 1 Open the Build Inspector (click Inspector in the toolbar and click the Build Inspector button). 2 Click Action.
The Build Inspector button Click to preview the build.
Use Action effects to animate elements on a slide. Make elements move, shrink, grow, fade, rotate, and more. For Move builds, change the objects path from straight to curved, or vice versa.
Set the animation effects.
Set how long it takes to complete the build.
Click to add another path to the objects movement
Click to reorder build stages.
3 On a slide, select an object (an image, shape, text box, chart, movie or other media file, or table). 4 Choose Move from the Effect pop-up menu. A red line connected to a ghosted (transparent) version of the object appears, showing the objects destination. 5 To modify the movement, do any of the following: Change the direction or distance the object moves by dragging the ghosted object. Change the path from straight to curved by clicking the curved Path button in the Build Inspector.
Reshape a curved path by dragging one of its nodes or node handles. For more control, click a node (a point on a path) and drag its handles. Control the speed and nature of the objects motion by choosing an option from the Acceleration pop-up menu in the Build Inspector. To move a path and its beginning and end objects, drag the path. You can Shift-click to select multiple paths. Add a node (point) to a path by holding down the Option key while you click the path.
Use these node handles to reshape the path.
6 To move the object along a new path, click the Add Path button next to the last ghosted object or the Add Action button in the Build Inspector.
To add another path for the object, click the Add Path button (next to the last ghosted object).
7 To reorder the stages of the action build, click More Options and drag builds in the Build Order drawer. (For more information, see Reordering Object Builds on page 109.)
Drag a ghosted object to the location you want the object to stop moving.

Drag items to reorder them.
Choose how to initiate the selected build.
For builds that start automatically, specify how long to wait after the previous build finishes to start the selected build.
You can also make several objects build as one object by grouping them (see Grouping and Ungrouping Objects on page 78). 4 If you choose to start the build automatically (rather than on click), specify how long to wait after the previous build finishes by typing a value in the Delay field (or clicking the arrows). You can specify a delay up to 60 seconds.
Creating Builds That Interleave an Objects Parts
After you set up object builds on a slide, you can set up criteria for when Build In and Build Out effects become animated. For example, you can set up a build that brings the first text bullet onto the slide, then the first wedge of a pie chart, and then the second bullet. You can do the same to move objects off the slide. You can also specify a range of elements to be used in a build, such as only the second and third text bullets. To interleave an object's parts in a build: 1 Select an object on the slide canvas. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Build Inspector button. 3 In the Build In or Build Out pane, choose an option from the Delivery pop-up menu other than All at once. For more information, see Animating Specific Kinds of Objects (next). 4 To specify a range of parts to build instead of building all parts, use the Build from and Build to pop-up menus. 5 Select Set separate timings for elements. 6 In the Build Order drawer, drag the builds to the desired order. For more information about starting individual builds, see Activating Object Builds on page 110.
Animating Specific Kinds of Objects
Text, tables, charts, and movies have build options that are object specific. Creating Text Builds You can build text line by line, word by word, or character by character. You can create text builds for bulleted or plain body text. To set up a text build: 1 Select text on the slide canvas for which youve defined a build. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Build Inspector button. 3 In the Build In or Build Out pane, choose an option from the Delivery pop-up menu. All at Once: Moves all text in the text box at the same time. By Bullet: Moves text bullet by bullet. By Bullet Group: Moves each bullet and its subordinate bullets together. By Highlighted Bullet: Highlights each bullet as it moves, leaving only the most recent bullet highlighted. By Paragraph: For non-bulleted text.
Creating Table Builds You can make tables appear or disappear on a slide row by row, column by column, and more. To set up a table build: 1 Select a table on the slide canvas for which youve defined a build. 2 Choose an option from the Delivery pop-up menu in the Build In or Build Out pane of the Build Inspector. All At Once: Moves the whole table as a single object. By Row: Moves the table onto the screen row by row. By Column: Moves the table onto the screen column by column. By Cell: Moves the table onto the screen one cell at a time. By Row Content: Moves the entire empty table onto the screen, and then inserts the content row by row. By Column Content: Moves the entire empty table onto the screen, and then inserts the content column by column. By Cell Content: Moves the entire empty table onto the screen, and then adds the content cell by cell. All elements of a table use the same build style. Creating Chart Builds Make charts appear or disappear a bar at a time, a wedge at a time, and more. To set up a chart build: 1 Select a chart on the slide canvas for which youve defined a build. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Build Inspector button. 3 In Build In or Build Out pane, choose an option from the Delivery pop-up menu. All At Once: Moves the whole chart as a single object. Background First: Moves each chart axis onto the screen, followed by all the data elements at once (bars, lines, or area shapes). By Series: Moves each chart axis onto the screen and then the data elements, one entire series at a time. By Set: Moves each chart axis onto the screen and then the data elements, one entire set at a time. By Element in Series: Moves the chart axes onto the screen, and then each separate data element, one series at a time. By Element in Set: Moves each chart axis onto the screen, and then each separate data element, one set at a time.

m Use the Formula Editor to add and edit formulas. See Using the Formula Editor on page 137 for details. m Use the Formula Browser to add and edit functions. See Using Functions on page 143 for details.

Resizing a Table

You can make a table larger or smaller by dragging one of its selection handles or by using the Metrics Inspector. You can also change the size of a table by resizing its columns and rows. Before resizing a table, you must select it, as Selecting a Table on page 118 describes. Here are ways to resize a table thats selected: m Drag one of the square selection handles that appear when a table is selected.
To maintain a table's proportions, hold down the Shift key as you drag to resize the table. To resize from the tables center, hold down the Option key as you drag. To resize a table in one direction, drag a side handle instead of a corner handle.
m To resize by specifying exact dimensions, select a table or table cell, click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Metrics Inspector button, and then click Metrics. In this pane, you can specify a new width and height, change the tables distance from the margins, and control the angle of rotation. m To resize by adjusting the dimensions of rows and columns, see Resizing Table Rows and Columns on page 130.

Moving Tables

You can move a table by dragging it, or you can relocate a table using the Metrics Inspector. Here are ways to move a table: m Select the table, click and hold anywhere in the table, and drag the table. m To constrain the movement to horizontal, vertical, or 45 degrees, hold down the Shift key as you drag. m To move a table more precisely, click any cell, click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Metrics Inspector button, and then use the Position fields to relocate the table. m To copy a table and move the copy, hold down the Option key, click and hold at the edge of an unselected table, and drag.
Copying Tables Among iWork Applications
You can copy a table from one iWork application to another. A table created in Numbers and placed in another application will retain its appearance, data, and other attributes, but some Numbers features arent supported in the other applications. To copy a table from one iWork application to another: 1 Select the table you want to copy, as Selecting a Table on page 118 describes. 2 Choose Edit > Copy. 3 In the other application, create an insertion point for the copied table, and then choose Edit > Paste.
Selecting Tables and Their Components
You select tables, rows, columns, table cells, and table cell borders before you work with them.

Selecting a Table

When you select a table, selection handles appear on the edges of the table. Here are ways to select a table: m If a cell isnt selected, click anywhere in the table.
m If a table cell is selected, press Command-Return, or click outside the table and then click anywhere in the table.

m To paste the content and fill of a cell into one or more cells in the same row or column, select two or more adjacent cells. Choose Insert > Fill Right to assign selected cells the value that resides in the leftmost selected cell(s). Choose Insert > Fill Down to assign selected cells the value that resides in the topmost selected cell(s). Any data, cell format, formula, or fill associated with the selected cell is pasted. If any target cell contains data, autofilling overwrites that data with the value youre repeating. m You can also add values to cells based on value patterns. For example, if a cell contains a day of the week or a month, you can select the cell and then drag to the right or down to add the next day of the week or month to the adjacent cell. To create new values based on numeric patterns, select two or more cells before dragging. For example, if two selected cells contain 1 and 2, the values 3 and 4 are added when you drag through the adjacent two cells. And if two selected cells contain 1 and 4, the values 7 and 10 are added when you drag through the adjacent two cells (values are incremented by 3). Autofilling doesnt set up an ongoing relationship among cells in the group. After autofilling, you can change the cells independently of each other.
Working with Rows and Columns
You can quickly add or remove rows and columns, create a header row or column or a footer row, and more.

Adding Rows

You can add rows within a table or at the end of a table. If the table contains a footer row, rows added at the bottom of the table are added above the footer row. Here are ways to add rows: m To add a single row, select a cell and then choose Format > Table > Add Row Above or Add Row Below. You can also choose these commands from the Edit Rows & Columns pop-up menu in the Table Inspector. m To add a row at the end of the table, press Tab when the last cell is selected. m To add one or more rows at the end of a table, use the Rows controls in the Table pane of the Table Inspector. m You can split cells into two equal rows. Splitting Table Cells on page 131 tells you how.

Adding Columns

You can add new columns to a table.
Here are ways to add columns: m To add a single column, select a cell and then choose Format > Table > Add Column Before or Add Column After. You can also choose these commands from the Edit Rows & Columns pop-up menu in the Table Inspector. m To add one or more columns to the right side of a table, use the Columns controls in the Table pane of the Table Inspector. m You can split cells into two equal columns. Splitting Table Cells on page 131 tells you how.

Cells containing only text, mixed 2, 1, 0, 1, and so on, then aA with cells containing only zZ numbers Cells containing a mixture of text and numbers Empty cells Boolean (TRUE, FALSE) Values starting with numbers first (1z, 1Z, a1, A1) At the bottom Below text and above an empty cell
Using Formulas and Functions in Tables
This chapter tells you how to perform calculations in table cells using formulas and functions.
See Chapter 6, Using Tables, on page 114 for instructions for adding and formatting tables and data in them. See online help for complete information about individual functions.

Using Formulas

A formula is a mathematical expression that uses operations to derive a value. You can add a formula to a table cell to display a value derived from values in other table cells. For example, you can add a formula to the bottom cell of a column that adds the numbers in all the other cells in the column. If any of the column values change, the total in the bottom cell changes automatically. Formulas derive values by using operators and functions. Operators perform operations such as addition (+) and multiplication (*). Heres a formula that adds values: =A2 + 16. A2 is called a cell reference; A2 refers to the second cell in the first column. The value 16 is called a constant, because its a specific value that uses no operators or functions. The value in cell A2 is added to the value 16, and the result is displayed in the cell that contains the formula. Formulas always begin with an equal sign (=). For simplicity, the examples throughout the Keynote documentation omit the equal sign. Functions are predefined, named operations, such as SUM and AVERAGE. To use a function, you name the function and, in parentheses following the name, you provide the arguments it needs. Arguments specify the data the function will use when it performs its operations.
Heres a formula that adds the values in nine cells of the first column: SUM(A2:A10). There is one argument, A2:A10. The colon means the function should use the values in cells A2 through A10.

Adding a Quick Formula

An easy way to perform a basic calculation using values in a range of adjacent table cells is to add a quick formula using the Quick Formula pop-up menu on the Format pane of the Table Inspector.
You can also choose Insert > Function and use the submenu that appears. Here are operations you can perform using the Quick Formula pop-up menu or submenu: m Choose one of the following to perform calculations using values in the selected cells. Empty cells and cells containing values that arent mentioned are ignored. Sum: Totals numeric values in the cells. Average: Calculates the arithmetic mean of numeric values in the cells. Min: Determines which numeric value in the cells is the smallest. Max: Determines which numeric value in the cells is the largest. Count: Determines how many of the values in the cells are numeric or date/time values. Product: Multiplies all the numeric values in the cells. m Choose Insert > Function > More Functions to open the Function Browser. See Using Functions on page 143 for details about this tool. m Choose Formula Editor to open the Formula Editor. See Using the Formula Editor on page 137 for instructions.

Editing Chart Data

To edit chart data, open the Chart Data Editor and enter your data by typing it or by copying and pasting from Excel, AppleWorks, or other spreadsheet applications. To open the Chart Data Editor: 1 Select the chart. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Chart Inspector button, and then click Edit Data. You can also choose Format > Chart > Show Data Editor.
Click these buttons to add another row or column for data.
Type chart data directly into these spreadsheet cells.
Drag labels to reorder them.
Copying Data into the Chart Data Editor
Copy data from Excel, AppleWorks, or other spreadsheet applications and paste it into the Chart Data Editor. To use data from another spreadsheet: 1 Open the spreadsheet, and then select all the relevant cells. 2 Press Command-C. 3 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Chart Inspector button, and then click Edit Data to open the Chart Data Editor. 4 Select the top cell in the first column of the Chart Data Editor. 5 Press Command-V.
Working with Rows and Columns in the Chart Data Editor
Change the name of rows and columns and reorder, add, or delete rows and columns. Here are ways to work with rows and columns in the Chart Data Editor: m To edit the names of rows and columns or the data in a cell, double-click a cell or a row or column label, and then type. m To reorder rows or columns, drag a row or column label to a new position.
m To add rows or columns, click Add Row or Add Column to place a row above the selected row or a column to the left of the selected column. If no row or column is selected, the new row or column appears at the bottom or right edge of the table. (To see the new row or column, you may have to press the Return key or the Tab key, expand the Chart Data Editor window, or scroll.) Alternatively, select any blank cell, type your data, and then press Return. A new row or column is automatically created. m To delete rows or columns, select the row or column label, and then press Delete. m To choose whether the charts data series are represented by rows or columns in the Chart Data Editor, click a Plot Row vs. Column button.
Formatting General Chart Attributes
You can resize and reposition charts and chart legends. You can add a title to a chart. You can format chart elements (fonts, textures, colors, axis and data point labels, and tick marks). You can adjust the angle and lighting style of 3D charts.

Show or hide axes and chart borders (2D charts only).
Set attributes of labels, tick marks, and more. Set the range of values that appear on the chart grid. Select units for values in the chart.
Most charts have two axes, an X-axis and a Y-axis. Depending on the type of chart, data points are plotted on one of the axes and data sets are grouped on the other axis. The data point axis is called the value axis, and the data set axis is called the category axis. Showing Axes and Borders You can show any or all of these elements of a chart: the X-axis, the Y-axis, and chart borders. To show axes and borders: 1 Select a chart. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Chart Inspector button, and then click Axis. 3 Choose one or more items from the Axes & Borders pop-up menu to select the items. A selected item has a checkmark next to it; choose the item again to deselect it. Using Axis Titles You can add a title to a charts X-axis and Y-axis. The title can be formatted. Here are ways to work with an axis title: m To add an axis title, select the chart and then select Show Category Title from the XAxis or Show Value Title from the Y-Axis pop-up menu in the Axis pane of the Chart Inspector. Replace the placeholder text with your title. m To format the titles text, see Formatting Titles, Labels, and Legends on page 156. m To hide an axis title, select the chart and then deselect Show Category Title from the XAxis or Show Value Title from the Y-Axis pop-up menu in the Axis pane of the Chart Inspector.
Showing Data Point Labels You can display data point values on columns, bars, pie wedges, and other chart elements of 2D and 3D charts. To format data point labels: 1 Select the chart. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Chart Inspector button, and click Series. 3 Choose Show Value from the Data Point Settings pop-up menu. To display the value as a percentage or logarithmic value instead of an absolute value, choose Percentage or Logarithmic in the X-Axis or Y-Axis pop-up menu on the Axis pane. For pie charts, you display values as percentages by choosing Show Pie Values as Percentages from the Data Point Settings pop-up menu on the Series pane. To display the data series name for a wedge, choose Show Series Name from the Data Point Settings pop-up menu. 4 Select a label location from the Data Point Settings pop-up menu (for example, Middle or Below Right). 5 Specify the number of decimal places to display by entering a number in the Decimals field. 6 To format the data point labels, see Formatting Titles, Labels, and Legends on page 156. Formatting the Value Axis You can set the values and units to be displayed along the value axis, the axis on which you read the data point values. For column charts (vertical bars), line charts, and area charts, the Y-axis is the value axis. For horizontal bar charts, the X-axis is the value axis. For scatter charts, both axes are value axes. (Pie charts dont have a value axis. To read about formatting pie charts, see Pie Charts on page 156.) To format the value axis: 1 Select a chart. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Chart Inspector button, and then click Axis. 3 To set the value at the chart origin, type a number in the Minimum field (under Value Axis Format). The Minimum value cannot be higher than the minimum value of your entire data set. 4 To set the highest number displayed on the value axis, type a number in the Maximum field. The Maximum value cannot be lower than the maximum value of your entire data set. 5 To specify the number of axis markings between the minimum and maximum values, specify a number in the Steps field.

Adding Descriptive Text to a Chart
You can add descriptive text to a chart, such as when you want to provide background information for a particular data point. To add text: 1 Create a text box. See Adding Free Text Boxes on page 59 for instructions. 2 Drag the text box to where you want it on the chart. 3 Type text in the text box. Optionally group the chart and the text box so the text stays with the chart. Shift-click to select both the chart and the text box, and then choose Arrange > Group.
Formatting Specific Types of Charts
Different chart styles offer unique options for formatting their elements.

Pie Charts

For pie charts, Keynote plots only the first data point for each data series. If the data series are in rows, only the first column is charted; if the data series are in columns, only the first row is charted. Thus, one pie chart represents a single data set, and each wedge is one element in that set. You can chart any data set by moving it to the first row or column. You can format a pie chart as a whole, or you can format individual wedges.
Selecting Individual Pie Wedges If you want to format one or more wedges, you need to select them first. Here are ways to select pie wedges in a selected pie chart: m To select a single wedge, click it. m To select all the wedges, select any wedge and press Command-A. m To select nonadjacent wedges, hold down the Command key as you select each wedge. m To select a continuous range of wedges, select the first wedge, and then hold down the Shift key as you select the last wedge. Showing a Series Name in a Pie Chart On pie charts, you can display series names. To show series names in a pie chart: 1 Select the chart or individual pie wedges. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Chart Inspector button, and then click Series. 3 Choose Show Series Name from the Data Point Label pop-up menu. 4 Choose Inside or Outside from the Data Point Label pop-up menu. Separating Individual Pie Wedges To make pie wedges more visually prominent, you can separate them from the pie. You can add a series name to separated wedges to further enhance their prominence, as Showing Data Point Labels on page 153 describes.
Set a pie wedge apart by using the Explode slider and giving it a series name.
Here are ways to separate individual pie wedges: m To move a single wedge away from the center of a 2D or 3D pie chart, select it and then drag it or use the Explode control on the Series pane of the Chart Inspector. m To separate all the wedges away from the center of a 3D pie chart, select the chart before using the Explode control.
Adding Shadows to Pie Charts and Wedges You can put shadows on individual pie wedges or on the pie as a whole. Putting shadows on individual wedges makes it look as if the wedges are on different layers. When you add a shadow to a pie wedge, its a good idea to separate it first. See Separating Individual Pie Wedges, earlier in this section, for instructions. To add shadows: 1 Select the chart or individual pie wedges. 2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Chart Inspector button, and then click Series. 3 To add shadows to wedges, choose Individual from the Shadow pop-up menu. To add shadows to the chart as a whole, choose Group from the Shadow pop-up menu. 4 To set shadow attributes, use the Graphic Inspector. See Adding Shadows on page 76 for instructions. Adjusting the Opacity of Pie Charts You can change the opacity of the chart and individual chart elements, such as the legend. See Adjusting Opacity on page 77 for more information. Rotating 2D Pie Charts You can use various techniques for rotating a 2D pie chart. Here are ways to rotate a pie chart: m Select the chart, click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Chart Inspector button, click Series, and then use the Rotation Angle wheel or field. m Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Metrics Inspector button, and then drag the Rotate wheel or use the Angle controls to set the angle of the chart. m Select the chart, hold down the Command key and move the pointer toward an active selection handle until it changes to a curved, double-headed arrow, and then drag a selection handle. m To rotate the chart in 45-degree increments, press the Shift and Command keys while dragging a selection handle or Rotate wheel.