The serial 10 Gbit/s Ethernet (XAUI) readout proposal

Bartosz Mindur

AGH Krakw/HMI Berlin

Outline

Xilinx FPGAs family 1 Gbit/s readout Xilinx LogiCOREs 10 Gbit/s readout
Optical transceiver Ethernet card PCIe vs. PCI(-X) Host PC

Summary References

March 30, 2006
B. Mindur, DETNI meeting Krakw
Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGAs selected capabilities LX, SX and FX

SelectIO

FX only

Parallel Connectivity

RocketIO

Ethernet MAC

Serial Connectivity 10 Gbit/s Full duplex 10/100/1000 Mbps Integrated Ethernet MAC Up to 4 450MHz Up to 2

PowerPC Processor

1 Gbit/s readout
Xilinx Virtex4 FX20 (2xMACs) (Xilinx Virtex4 LX or SX + GEMAC IP core) Ethernet Physical layers (PHY)

Vitesse VSC8201 chip

Single Port 10/100/1000BASE-T GMII, RGMII Interfaces
RJ-45 connector + magnetic module
All modern motherboards have build-in Gbit/s Ethernet card(s)
March 30, 2006 B. Mindur, DETNI meeting Krakw
Recommendations for RJ-45 & magnetic modules can be found in VSC8201 tech. doc.
1 Gbit/s interface formats
GMII (Gigabit Media Independent Interface)
Parallel format 25 traces running at 125 MHz Interface between MAC and PHY layers

RGMII (Reduced GMII)

Still parallel interface 12 traces running at 250 MHz Interface between MAC and PHY layers
Xilinx IP Cores (LogiCOREs)
10 Gbit/s Ethernet Media Access Controller (10GEMAC)

Part of the SystemIO

10 Gigabit Attachment Unit Interface (XAUI)
Part of the RocketIO XGXS conversion between XGMII and XAUI 8b/10b encode/decode (10G BASE-X PCS)
Supported by all Virtex-4 FPGAs
XGMII to interface to PHY devices or XAUI IP core

>4440 >0 >1700

Gigabit Ethernet Media Access Controller (GEMAC)
GMII, or RGMII interface to PHY devices
Supported only by the FX family
SignOnce license for these IPs
Either site license Or project license
A single bitstream for use in one or more PCBs One or more bitstreams for use in a single PCB
B. Mindur, DETNI meeting Krakw 6
10 Gbit/s interface formats

Parallel interface

XGMII (Ten Gigabit Media Independent Interface)

Serial interface

72 traces Limited distance up to 7 cm Interface between MAC and PHY
XAUI (Ten Gigabit Attachment Unit Interface)
16 traces grouped into 4 separated channels Up to 50 cm + two connectors 3.125 GHz Additional interface
Parallel Fiber Optic Transceiver
Zarlink Semiconductor ZL60304
Very high-speed transceiver for parallel fiber applications Effective solution for XAUI transmission over the optical fiber Pluggable MegArray connector (10x10) board-to-board connector Low power consumption < 1 W Power supply 3.3 V MPO/MPT connector interface

m 3m 4

MEG-Array
Board-to-Board connector system Utilized in high-speed mezzanine applications at data rates up to 10 Gbit/s 100 to 528 positions Heights of 4mm to 14mm
Myri-10G PCI-Express Card

10G-PCIE-8A-Q

PCIe x8 Compatible with XAUI interface Quad Ribbon-fiber cables for XAUI Extension to 10GBase-CX4 with copper (limited to 15 m) Price

$1100 for the card E.g. 25m cable $400 (from Myri)
Other possibility (more expensive)
10G-PCIE-8A-R + 10G-XFP-SR ($ 1400) 10GBase-SR (850nm, multimode fiber) up to 300 m

Why PCIe?

PCI-Express (PCIe)
Point-to-point bus topology Supports up to 32 links Single lane is capable of transmitting 2.5 Gbit/s Specification was finalized in 2002 Nowadays becoming a standard for the variety of PC extension cards
A peak theoretical bandwidth of 512Mb/s
64 bit with 66 MHz Shared bus topology
Attempt to update PCI as painlessly as possible
Bandwidth of few Gbit/s (depends on the specification versions)
B. Mindur, DETNI meeting Krakw 11
Verified motherboards for Myri-10G cards

Motherboard

TYAN S2895A2NRF Foxconn NFPIK8AA-8EKRS Foxconn NF4UK8AA-8EKRS DFI LANPARTY UT nF4 Ultra-D Abit NI8-SLI GR

Chipset

NVIDIA nForce Pro 2200/2050 NVIDIA nForce Pro 2200/2050 NVIDIA nForce4 Ultra NVIDIA nForce4 Ultra NVIDIA C19/MCP-04 Intel E7520/ICH5R Intel 7520 Intel 945G/ICH7 SiS 565/965 ALi M1695/M1567 ATI Radeon XPRESS 200, ALI M1573 Serverworks HT2000/HT1000
B. Mindur, DETNI meeting Krakw 12

Supermicro X6DHE-G2-O

Intel Server Board SE7520JR2 Supermicro PDSLA ECS PF88 Extreme ASRock 939Dual-SATA2 ASUS P5RD1-V Supermicro H8SSP-I

Key features

Supports two Intel Xeon 64-bit CPUs Up to 16 GB SDRAM 400 (8 slots) 2 1Gb Ethernet ports 2 PCIe x8 slots Integrated ATI Rage XL SVGA video controller 2 SATA connectors 8-Port Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Controller
Price - 430 A base of SuperServer 7044H-32R (chassis, SATA backplane) - 1225
The price doesn't include CPU, RAM, HDD
10 Gigabit Ethernet Extended Sublayer (XGXS)
Only for Virtex-4 LX and SX FPGAs Vitesse VSC7280 chip
XAUI Interface not available
Dual XAUI Serial Bus Dual XGMII Parallel Bus No additional external logic is required for the basic operation Split XGMII to 2 XAUI Switch
B. Mindur, DETNI meeting Krakw 14

Summary (price list)

Component 1 Gbit/s redaout Virtex4 FX20 (2xMACs) Vitesse VSC8201 PHY (+ connector) Normal PC station 260 tens ~ 1000 Price
Virtex4 LX or SX needs IP Core (GEMAC)
Total cost 10 Gbit/s XAUI redaout Virtex4 FX20 or larger (e.g. FX100) 10 GEMAC IPCore Transceiver 10 Gbit/s Ethernet card 25m quad ribbon fibers PC station Total cost

Chapter 2

2-2. Install CPU, Heatsink and Fan Assembly
In order to protect the contact pins, please pay attention to these notices: 1. A maximum 20 cycles of CPU installation is recommended. 2. Never touch the contact pins with fingers or any object. 3. Always put on the cap when the CPU is not in use. NOTE: Intel 2.8G Dual Core CPU is not supported by NVIDIA nForce4 SLI Intel Edition processors.
1. Place the board so as to let the lever hook of the socket is on your left side. Use your left thumb and forefinger to hold the lever hook, pull it away from the retention tab.
4. Use your right thumb and forefinger to grasp the CPU package. Be sure to grasp on the edge of the substrate, and face the Pin-1 indicator toward the bottom-left side. Aim at the socket and place the CPU package vertical down into the socket.
Rotate the lever to fully open position.
5. Visually inspect if the CPU is seated well into the socket. The alignment key must be located in the notch of package.
3. Use your right thumb on the bottom-right side of the load plate and lift it up to fully open position. NI8 SLI
6. Use your left hand to hold the load plate, and use your right thumb to peel the cap off.
Hardware Setup The cap plays an important role in protecting contact pins. In order to prevent bent pin, PUT ON the cap after operation or testing.
2-3 For detailed information on how to install your heatsink and fan assembly, please refer to the instruction manual came packed with the heatsink and fan assembly you bought
7. Lower the plate onto the CPU package. Engage the load lever while gently pressing down the load plate.
10. Press each of the four fasteners down into the mounting holes.
8. Secure the lever with the hook under retention tab.
11. Rotate the fastener clock-wise to lock the heatsink and fan assembly into position.
9. Place the heatsink and fan assembly onto the socket. Align the four fasteners toward the four mounting holes on the motherboard.
12. Attach the four-pin power plug from the heatsink and fan assembly to the CPU FAN connector.
2-3. Install System Memory
This motherboard provides four 240-pin DIMM slots for Single/Dual Channel DDRmemory modules with memory expansion size up to 8GB.

(12). PCI Express x16 Slot This slot is used to attach the next generation of graphics architecture.
(13). PCI Express x1 Slots These slots are used to attach the next generation of I/O architecture.
(14). SLI Switchboard Slot This slot and the pre-installed ABIT SLI Switch set the graphic mode to either Normal or SLI mode.
(15). Back Panel Connectors
Mouse: Connects to PS/2 mouse. Keyboard: Connects to PS/2 keyboard. LAN1: Connects to Local Area Network USB1/USB2: Connects to USB devices such as scanner, digital speakers, monitor, mouse, keyboard, hub, digital camera, joystick etc.

BIOS Setup

Chapter 3. BIOS Setup
This motherboard provides a programmable EEPROM that you can update the BIOS utility. The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a program that deals with the basic level of communication between processor and peripherals. Use the BIOS Setup program only when installing motherboard, reconfiguring system, or prompted to Run Setup. This chapter explains the Setup Utility of BIOS utility. After powering up the system, the BIOS message appears on the screen, the memory count begins, and then the following message appears on the screen: PRESS DEL TO ENTER SETUP If this message disappears before you respond, restart the system by pressing <Ctrl> + <Alt> + <Del> keys, or by pressing the Reset button on computer chassis. Only when it failed by these two methods can you restart the system by powering it off and then back on. After pressing <Del> key, the main menu screen appears. Phoenix AwardBIOS CMOS Setup Utility Guru Utility Standard CMOS Features Advanced BIOS Features Advanced Chipset Features Integrated Peripherals Power Management Setup Esc : Quit F10 : Save & Exit Setup F6 : Save PROFILE to BIOS PnP/PCI Configurations Load Fail-Safe Defaults Load Optimized Defaults Set Password Save & Exit Setup Exit Without Saving : Select Item (C19-W83627-6A61EA1AC-00) F7 :Load PROFILE from BIOS OC Guru & ABIT EQ NOTE: In order to increase system stability and performance, our engineering staffs are constantly improving the BIOS menu. The BIOS setup screens and descriptions illustrated in this manual are for your reference only, and may not completely match with what you see on your screen.

Chapter 3

3-1. Guru Utility
There are two setup menus in this Guru utility. You may switch between these two by clicking the left or right arrow key on keyboard:

OC Guru:

Guru Utility V0.09 OC Guru ABIT EQ Brand Name: Genuine Intel(R) CPU 2.80 Ghz Frequency: 2800MHz Estimated New CPU Clock CPU Operating Speed - Multiplier Factor - External Clock - Current External Clock - Target External Clock - MEM Clock - Current MEM Clock - Target MEM Clock - PCIE Clock 2800 MHz Auto Detect Auto Auto Item Help

X X X X

Voltages Control X - CPU Core Voltage X - DDR SDRAM Voltage Power Cycle Statistics
Auto Detect 1.350V 2.60V Press Enter
:Move Enter:Select +/-/PU/PD:Value F8: On The Fly F10:Save ESC:Exit Brand Name: This item displays the CPU model name installed on this motherboard. Frequency: This item displays the processor speed of the CPU installed on this motherboard. Estimated New CPU Clock: This item displays an estimated CPU processor speed.
CPU Operating Speed: This item displays the CPU operating speed according to the type and speed of your CPU. You can also select the [User Define] option to enter the manual option.

User Define:

WARNING: The wrong settings of the multiplier and external clock in certain circumstances may cause CPU damage. Setting the working frequency higher than the PCI chipset or processor specs, may cause abnormal memory module functioning, system hangs, hard disk drive data lose, abnormal functioning of the VGA card, or abnormal functioning with other add-on cards. Using non-specification settings for your CPU is not the intention of this explanation. These should be used for engineering testing, not for normal applications. There will be no guaranty for the settings beyond specification, any damage of any component on this motherboard or peripherals result therein is not our responsibility. ! ! Multiplier Factor: External Clock:
This item displays the multiplier factor for the CPU you installed. This item selects the external clock frequency. Due to the specification limit of the CPU you installed, the speed you set over its standard bus speed is supported, but not guaranteed. ! MEM Clock
This item selects the MEM clock frequency. ! PCIE Clock
This item selects the PCIE clock frequency. Voltages Control: This option allows you to switch between the default and user-defined voltages. Leave this setting to default unless the current voltage setting cannot be detected or is not correct. The option User Define enables you to select the following voltages manually. ! ! CPU Core Voltage: DDR SDRAM Voltage: This item selects the CPU core voltage. This item selects the voltage for DRAM slot.

Back to Advanced BIOS Features Setup Menu:
Hyper-Threading Technology This item is used to enable the functionality of the processor with Hyper-Threading Technology and will appear only when using such processor. The Hyper-Threading Technology helps your PC work more efficiently by maximizing processor resources and enabling a single processor to run two separate threads of software simultaneously, bringing forth greater performance and system responsiveness when running multiple applications at once. Quick Power On Self Test: When set to [Enabled], this item speeds up the Power On Self Test (POST) after powering on the system. The BIOS shorten or skip some check during the POST. Hard Disk Boot Priority: This item selects the hard disks booting priority. By pressing <Enter> key, you can enter its submenu where the hard disks detected can be selected for the booting sequence to boot up system. This item functions only when there is the option of [Hard Disk] in any one of the First/Second/Third Boot Device items. First Boot Device / Second Boot Device / Third Boot Device / Boot Other Device: Select the drive to boot first, second and third in the [First Boot Device], [Second Boot Device], and [Third Boot Device] items respectively. The BIOS will boot the operating system according to the sequence of the drive selected. Set [Boot Other Device] to [Enabled] if you wish to boot from another device other than these three items. NOTE: To enable the onboard LAN Boot function, the item LAN Boot ROM in the " OnChip PCI Device" menu must be set to [Enable], and then the drive "Nvidia Boot Age" in this Boot Device menu must be selected.
Boot Up Floppy Seek: When set to [Enabled], the BIOS will check whether the floppy disk drive is installed or not. Boot Up NumLock Status: This item determines the default state of the numeric keypad at system booting up. [On]: The numeric keypad functions as number keys. [Off]: The numeric keypad functions as arrow keys. Security Option: This item determines when the system will prompt for password - every time the system boots or only when enters the BIOS setup. [Setup]: The password is required only when accessing the BIOS Setup. [System]: The password is required each time the computer boots up. NOTE: Dont forget your password. If you forget the password, you will have to open the computer case and clear all information in the CMOS before you can start up the system. But by doing this, you will have to reset all previously set options. MPS Version Control For OS: This item specifies which version of MPS (Multi-Processor Specification) this motherboard will use. Leave this item to its default setting. Delay For HDD (Secs): This item allows the BIOS to support some old or special IDE devices by prolonging this delay time. A larger value will give more delay time to the device for which to initialize and to prepare for activation. Full Screen LOGO Show: This item determines to show the full screen logo when booting.

:Move Enter:Select +/-/PU/PD:Value F10:Save ESC:Exit F1:General Help F5: Previous Values F6: Fail-Safe Defaults F7: Optimized Defaults OnChip USB: This option enables or disables the USB controller. ! USB Keyboard Support Via: This item allows you to select [BIOS] for using USB keyboard in DOS environment, or [OS] in OS environment. OnChip Audio Controller: This option enables or disables the audio controller. OnChip Lan Controller: This option enables or disables the lan controller. LAN Boot ROM This item allows you to use the boot ROM (instead of a disk drive) to boot-up the system and access the local area network directly.

OnBoard PCI Device:

Click <Enter> key to enter its submenu: Phoenix AwardBIOS CMOS Setup Utility OnBoard PCI Device OnBoard SATA Controller Enabled - SATA Mode IDE
:Move Enter:Select +/-/PU/PD:Value F10:Save ESC:Exit F1:General Help F5: Previous Values F6: Fail-Safe Defaults F7: Optimized Defaults OnBoard SATA Controller This option enables or disables the SATA controller. ! SATA Mode This item determines the mode for SATA. [IDE]: The onboard SATA served as IDE Mode. [RAID]: The onboard SATA served as RAID Mode.
Back to Integrated Peripherals Setup Menu:
Onboard FDC Controller: Two options are available: Enabled and Disabled. The default setting is Enabled. You can enable or disable the onboard FDC controller. :
3-6. Power Management Setup
Phoenix AwardBIOS CMOS Setup Utility Power Management Setup ACPI Suspend Type S3(Suspend-to-RAM Resume by USB From S3 Disabled Power Button Function Instant-Off Wake-Up by PME# of PCI Disabled Resume by Ring Disabled Power-On by Alarm Disabled - Date of Month Alarm 0 - Time (hh:mm:ss) Alarm 0 : 0 : 0 POWER ON Function BUTTON ONLY - KB Power ON Password Enter - Hot Key Power ON Ctrl-F1 Restore on AC Power Loss Power Off Item Help
:Move Enter:Select +/-/PU/PD:Value F10:Save ESC:Exit F1:General Help F5: Previous Values F6: Fail-Safe Defaults F7: Optimized Defaults ACPI Suspend Type: This item selects the type of Suspend mode. [S1(PowerOn-Suspend)]: Enables the Power On Suspend function. [S3(Suspend-To-RAM)]: Enables the Suspend to RAM function. Resume by USB From S3: When set to [Enabled], this item allows you to use a USB device to wake up a system that is in the S3 (STR - Suspend To RAM) state. This item can be configured only if the item ACPI Suspend Type is set to [S3(STR)]. NOTE: To enable this Resume by USB From S3 function, the wake-up header of [USB-PWR1], [USB-PWR2], [USB-PWR3], [USB-PWR4] and [USB-PWR5] must be set to [Enabled] position. Please refer to the configuration of Wake-up Header in section 2-4, chapter 2. Power Button Function: This item selects the method of powering off your system: [Delay 4 Sec.]: Pushing the power button for more than 4 seconds will power off the system. This will prevent the system from powering off in case you accidentally hit or pushed the power button. [Instant-Off]: Pressing and then releasing the power button at once will immediately power off the system. WakeUp by PME# of PCI: When set to [Enabled], access to the onboard LAN or a PCI card such as a modem or LAN card will cause the system to wake up. The PCI card must support the wake up function.

3-11. Save & Exit Setup
This option saves your selections and exits the BIOS setup menu.
3-12. Exit Without Saving
This option exits the BIOS setup menu without saving any changes.
Install nVidia nForce Chipset Driver
Appendix A. Install nVidia nForce Chipset Driver
NOTE: Please install this NVIDIA nForce Chipset driver first after having installed the Windows operating system. The drivers packed in the Driver & Utility CD are available for Windows 2000 and Windows XP only. The installation procedures and screen shots in this section are based on Windows XP operating system. For those of other OS, please follow its on-screen instructions. Insert the Driver & Utility CD into CD-ROM drive. It should execute the installation program automatically. If not, double-click the execution file at the main directory of this CD to enter the installation menu. After entering the installation menu, move your curser to [Drivers] tab. Click [nVidia nForce Chipset Driver]. The following screen appears.

Click [Next].

Click [Yes].
Click [Next]. 5. Click [Yes].

Appendix A

10. Choose [Yes, I want to restart my computer now.], and click [Finish] to complete setup.
Install Realtek Audio Driver
Appendix B. Install Realtek Audio Driver
The installation procedures and screen shots in this section are based on Windows XP operating system. For those of other OS, please follow its on-screen instruction. Insert the Driver & Utility CD into CD-ROM drive, it should execute the installation program automatically. If not, double-click the execution file at the main directory of this CD to enter the installation menu. After entering the installation menu, move your curser to [Drivers] tab. Click [Realtek Audio Driver]. The following screen appears. 3. After the system restarted, a shortcut icon appears at the right corner of Windows task bar.
4. Double click the icon and the [AUDIO EQ] control panel will appear.
2. Choose [Yes, I want to restart my computer now.], and click [Finish] to complete setup.
B-2 NOTE: Click the [SPDIF] tab on the top of the control panel, and the page allows you to control the settings for the Digital Audio input and output. There are four S/PDIF-Out options provided.

Appendix B

[No Output]
S/PDIF-Out function is disabled and there will be no output signals. [Output digital only]
The output signal will be transferred from the real-time played digital audio format (ex: mp3, wav) only. [Output digital and analog]
The signal will be output via the digital audio signal and the analog signal from any audio connectors (ex: CD-in) simultaneously. Enable [Real-time S/PDIF-In Monitor] option under this mode, the signals from S/PDIF-In will be real-time transmitted with other signals. [S/PDIF-In to S/PDIF-Out pass through mode]
The pass through mode allows the incoming signal from S/PDIF-In port transmitted directly to S/PDIF-Out port.
Install Silicon Image 3132 SATA Driver
Appendix C. Install Silicon Image 3132 SATA Driver
The installation procedures and screen shots in this section are based on Windows XP operating system. For those of other OS, please follow its on-screen instructions. Insert the Driver & Utility CD into CD-ROM drive. It should execute the installation program automatically. If not, double-click the execution file at the main directory of this CD to enter the installation menu. After entering the installation menu, move your curser to [Drivers] tab. Click [Silicon Image 3132 SATA Driver]. The following screen appears.

Appendix C

Install Silicon Image 3132 RAID Driver
Appendix D. Install Silicon Image 3132 RAID Driver
The installation procedures and screen shots in this section are based on Windows XP operating system. For those of other OS, please follow its on-screen instructions. Insert the Driver & Utility CD into CD-ROM drive. It should execute the installation program automatically. If not, double-click the execution file at the main directory of this CD to enter the installation menu. After entering the installation menu, move your curser to [Drivers] tab. Click [Silicon Image 3132 RAID Driver]. The following screen appears. NOTE: To install this program, you have to enable the item RAID first in the BIOS menu of SATA Mode.

4. 1. Click [Next].

5. 2. Click [Next].

Click [Finish].

Appendix D
6. Check the item I accept the license agreement. Click [Next] to go on next step.

Install USB 2.0 Driver

Appendix E. Install USB 2.0 Driver
NOTE: To install the USB 2.0 Driver for Windows XP / Windows 2000, you have to download the latest SP1 (service pack 1) / SP4 (service pack 4) or later version first from Microsofts web site.

Appendix H

POST Code Definition

Appendix I.

AWARD POST Code Definitions
POST (hex) CF C0 Description Test CMOS R/W functionality Early chipset initialization: -Disable shadow RAM -Disable L2 cache (socket 7 or below) -Program basic chipset registers Detect memory -Auto-detection of DRAM size, type and ECC -Auto-detection of L2 cache (socket 7 or below) Expand compressed BIOS code to DRAM Call chipset hook to copy BIOS back to E000 & F000 shadow RAM Expand the Xgroup codes locating in physical address 1000:0 Initial Superio_Early_Init switch 1. Blank out screen 2. Clear CMOS error flag 1. Clear 8042 interface 2. Initialize 8042 self-test 1. Test special keyboard controller for Winbond 977 series Super I/O chips 2. Enable keyboard interface 1. Disable PS/2 mouse interface (optional) 2. Auto detect ports for keyboard & mouse followed by a port & interface swap (optional) 3. Reset keyboard for Winbond 977 series Super I/O chips Test F000h segment shadow to see whether it is R/W-able or not. If test fails, keep beeping the speaker Auto detect flash type to load appropriate flash R/W codes into the run time area in F000 for ESCD & DMI support Use walking 1s algorithm to check out interface in CMOS circuitry. Also set real-time clock power status, and then check for override Program chipset default values into chipset. Chipset default values are MODBINable by OEM customers Initial onboard clock generator if Early_Init_Onboard_Generator is defined. See also POST 26. Detect CPU information including brand, SMI type (Cyrix or Intel) and CPU level (586 or 686) Initial interrupts vector table. If no special specified, all H/W interrupts are directed to SPURIOUS_INT_HDLR & S/W interrupts to SPURIOUS_soft_HDLR. Initial EARLY_PM_INIT switch Users Manual

C1 C3 C0A 0E 18 1B 1D

Appendix I

29 2B 2D 3C 3E 47 49

53 NI8 SLI
Load keyboard matrix (notebook platform) HPM initialization (notebook platform) 1. Check validity of RTC value: e.g. a value of 5Ah is an invalid value for RTC minute. 2. Load CMOS settings into BIOS stack. If CMOS checksum fails, use default value instead. Prepare BIOS resource map for PCI & PnP use. If ESCD is valid, take into consideration of the ESCDs legacy information. Early PCI Initialization: -Enumerate PCI bus number. -Assign memory & I/O resource -Search for a valid VGA device & VGA BIOS, and put it into C000:0 1. If Early_Init_Onboard_Generator is not defined Onboard clock generator initialization. Disable respective clock resource to empty PCI & DIMM slots. 2. Init onboard PWM 3. Init onboard H/W monitor devices Initialize INT 09 buffer 1. Program CPU internal MTRR (P6 & PII) for 0-640K memory address. 2. Initialize the APIC for Pentium class CPU. 3. Program early chipset according to CMOS setup. Example: onboard IDE controller. 4. Measure CPU speed. Invoke Video BIOS 1. Initialize double-byte language font (Optional) 2. Put information on screen display, including Award title, CPU type, CPU speed, full screen logo. Reset keyboard if Early_Reset_KB is defined e.g. Winbond 977 series Super I/O chips. See also POST 63. Test DMA Channel 0 Test DMA Channel 1. Test DMA page registers. Test 8254 Test 8259 interrupt mask bits for channel 1 Test 8259 interrupt mask bits for channel 2 Test 8259 functionality Initialize EISA slot 1. Calculate total memory by testing the last double word of each 64K page 2. Program writes allocation for AMD K5 CPU 1. Program MTRR of M1 CPU 2. Initialize L2 cache for P6 class CPU & program CPU with proper cacheable range 3. Initialize the APIC for P6 class CPU 4. On MP platform, adjust the cacheable range to smaller one in case the cacheable ranges between each CPU are not identical Initialize USB Test all memory (clear all extended memory to 0) Clear password according to H/W jumper (Optional)

59 5B 5D 69 6B 6D 6F 77 7A 7C 7F
Display number of processors (multi-processor platform) Display PnP logo Early ISA PnP initialization -Assign CSN to every ISA PnP device Initialize the combined Trend Anti-Virus code (Optional Feature) Show message for entering AWDFLASH.EXE from FDD (optional) 1. Initialize Init_Onboard_Super_IO 2. Initialize Init_Onbaord_AUDIO Okay to enter Setup utility; i.e. not until this POST stage can users enter the CMOS setup utility Reset keyboard if Early_Reset_KB is not defined Initialize PS/2 Mouse Prepare memory size information for function call: INT 15h ax=E820h Turn on L2 cache Program chipset registers according to items described in Setup & Auto-configuration table 1. Assign resources to all ISA PnP devices 2. Auto assign ports to onboard COM ports if the corresponding item in Setup is set to AUTO 1. Initialize floppy controller 2. Set up floppy related fields in 40:hardware Detect & install all IDE devices: HDD, LS120, ZIP, CDROM (Optional Feature) Enter AWDFLASH.EXE if: -AWDFLASH is found in floppy drive -ALT+F2 is pressed Detect serial ports & parallel ports. Detect & install co-processor Init HDD write protect Switch back to text mode if full screen logo is supported -If errors occur, report errors & wait for keys -If no errors occur or F1 key is pressed to continue: Clear EPA or customization logo E8POST.ASM starts 1. Call chipset power management hook 2. Recover the text font used by EPA logo (not for full screen logo) 3. If password is set, ask for password Save all data in stack back to CMOS Initialize ISA PnP boot devices 1. USB final Initialization 2. Switch screen back to text mode NET PC: Build SYSID Structure 1. Assign IRQs to PCI devices 2. Set up ACPI table at top of the memory. Users Manual

8B 8D 8F 93

1. Invoke all ISA adapter ROMs 2. Invoke all PCI ROMs (except VGA) 1. Enable/Disable Parity Check according to CMOS setup 2. APM Initialization Clear noise of IRQs Read HDD boot sector information for Trend Anti-Virus code 1. Enable L2 cache 2. Program Daylight Saving 3. Program boot up speed 4. Chipset final initialization. 5. Power management final initialization 6. Clear screen & display summary table 7. Program K6 write allocation 8. Program P6 class write combining Update keyboard LED & typematic rate 1. Build MP table 2. Build & update ESCD 3. Set CMOS century to 20h or 19h 4. Load CMOS time into DOS timer tick 5. Build MSIRQ routing table Boot attempt (INT 19h)

AC2005 POST Code Definition:
POST (hex) 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. 8.5. 8.6. 8.7. 8.8. 8.9. 8.A. 8.B. 8.C. 8.D. 8.D. 8.E. 8.F. 9.0. Description Power On Sequence Start power on sequence Enable ATX power supply ATX power supply ready DDR voltage ready Setup PWM for CPU core voltage Assert PWM for CPU core voltage Check CPU core voltage CPU core voltage ready Initial clock generator IC North Bridge chipset voltage ready AGP voltage ready 3VDUAL voltage ready VDDA 2.5V voltage ready GMCHVTT voltage ready Check CPU fan speed Assert all power ready Complete Guru initial process AWARD BIOS take over booting job Power Off Sequence 9.1. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. 9.5. 9.6. 9.7. 9.8. 9.9. F.0. F.1. F.2. F.3. Start power off sequence De-Assert all power Se-Assert power on De-Assert LDT Bus power De-Assert PWM for CPU core voltage De-Assert CPU core voltage Check CPU core voltage De-Assert ATX power supply Complete power off sequence Others Button reset SoftMenu reset Power on sequence timeout Power off sequence timeout
NOTE: The decimal point lights up when executing the AC2005 POSfT action.
Troubleshooting (Need Assistance?)
Appendix J. Troubleshooting (Need Assistance?)

Q & A:

Q: Do I need to clear the CMOS before I use a new motherboard to assemble my new computer system? A: Yes, we highly recommend that you clear the CMOS before installing a new motherboard. Please move the CMOS jumper from its default 1-2 position to 2-3 for a few seconds, and then back. When you boot up your system for the first time, follow the instructions in the user's manual to load the optimized defaults. Q: If my system hangs when I update the BIOS or set the wrong CPU parameters, what should I do? A: Whenever you update the BIOS or if the system hangs due to wrong CPU parameters setting, always clear CMOS jumper before booting up again. Q: Why does the system fail to boot up again right after a mechanical power-off? A: Please keep a 30-second interval between each mechanical power On/Off. Q: Why does the system fail to boot up and nothing displays on the screen after I did some overclocking or non-standard settings inside the BIOS? Is the motherboard dead? Do I need to return it to where I bought from or go through an RMA process? A: It should not cause hardware or permanent damage to motherboard when BIOS settings were changed from default to over-clocking or non-standard status. We suggest the following three troubleshooting methods to discharge CMOS data, recover the hardware default status, and then making the motherboard work again. There is no need to bother returning the motherboard to where you bought it from or go through an RMA process. Step 1. Switch off the power supply unit and then switch it on again after one minute. If there is no power switch on the power supply unit, disconnect its power cord for one minute and then reconnect. Press and hold the <Insert> key on the keyboard, and press the power-on button to boot up system. If it works, release the <Insert> key and hit <Del> key to enter the BIOS setup page to apply the correct settings. If the situation remains the same, repeat the procedures in Step 1 for three times, or try Step 2. Step 2. Switch off the power supply unit or disconnect the power cord. Open the chassis cover. Locate the CCMOS jumper near the button battery. Change the jumper position from default 1-2 to 2-3 for one minute to discharge the CMOS data, and then put it back to default 1-2 position. Close the chassis and switch on the power supply unit or plug in the power cord. Press the power-on button to boot up system. If it works, hit <Del> key to enter the BIOS setup page to do the correct settings. If the situation remains the same, try Step 3. Step 3. The same procedure as Step 2, but while discharging the CMOS data, pull out the ATX power connectors from motherboard and remove the button battery during CMOS discharge.

Appendix J

Q: How can I get a quick response to my request for technical support? A: Be sure to follow the guidelines as stated in the Technical Support Form section of this manual. If you have a problem during operation, in order to help our technical support personnel quickly determine the problem with your motherboard and give you the answers you need, eliminate any peripheral that is not related to the problem, and indicate it on the form. Fax this form to your dealer or to the company where you bought the hardware in order to receive prompt technical support. (You can refer to the examples given below) Example 1: With a system including: motherboard (with CPU, DRAM.) HDD, CD-ROM, FDD, VGA CARD, MPEG CARD, SCSI CARD, SOUND CARD, etc. If you cannot boot up after the system is assembled, check the key components of the system using the procedure described below. First remove all interface cards except the VGA card and try to reboot. If you still cannot boot up: Try installing another brand/model VGA card and see if the system will start. If it still does not start, note the VGA card model, motherboard model, Bios identification number, and CPU on the technical support form (refer to main instructions), and describe the problem in the space provided. If you can boot up: Insert the interface cards you have removed back into the system one by one, and try to start the system each time you insert a card until the system will not start. Keep the VGA card and the interface card that caused the problem inserted on the motherboard, remove any other cards or peripheral, and start again. If you still cannot start, note the information related to both cards in the add-on Card space provided, and dont forget to indicate the motherboard model, version, BIOS identification number, CPU (refer to main instructions), and give a description of the problem. Example 2: With a system including the motherboard (with CPU, DRAM.) HDD, CD-ROM, FDD, VGA CARD, LAN CARD, MPEG CARD, SCSI CARD, SOUND CARD, after assembly and after having installed the sound card driver, when you restart the system, it resets automatically when it runs the sound card Driver,. This problem may be due to the sound card driver. During the Starting DOS procedure, press SHIFT (BY-PASS) key, to skip CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT; edit CONFIG.SYS with a text editor, and in line that loads the sound card driver, add a remark REM, in order to disable the sound card driver. See the example below. CONFIG.SYS: DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE HIGHSCAN DOS=HIGH, UMB FILES=40 BUFFERS=36 REM DEVICEHIGH=C:\PLUGPLAY\DWCFGMG.SYS LASTDRIVE=Z Restart the system. If the system starts and does not reset, you can be sure that the problem is due to the sound card driver. Write down the sound card model, motherboard model, BIOS identification number on the technical support file (refer to main instructions), and describe the problem in the space provided. We will show you how to fill the Technical Support Form.

How to Get Technical Support
Appendix K. How to Get Technical Support
(From our website) http://www.abit.com.tw (In North America) http://www.abit-usa.com (In Europe) http://www.abit.nl Thank you for choosing ABIT products. ABIT sells all our products through distributors, resellers and system integrators; we have no direct sales to end-users. Before sending email for tech support please check with your resellers or integrators if you need any services, they are the ones who sold you your system and they should know best as to what can be done, how they serve you is a good reference for future purchases. We appreciate every customer and would like to provide the best service to you. Providing fast service to our customers is our top priority. However we receive many phone calls and a huge amount of email from all over the world. At the present time it is impossible for us to respond to every single inquiry. We have done many compatibility tests and reliability tests to make sure our products have the best quality and compatibility. In case you need service or technical support, please understand the constraints that we have and always check with the reseller who sold the product to you first. To expedite service, we recommend that you follow the procedures outlined below before contacting us. With your help, we can meet our commitment to provide the best service to the greatest number of ABIT customers: 1. Check the Manual. It sounds simple but we have taken a lot of care in making a well-written and thorough manual. It is full of information that doesn't only pertain to motherboards. The CD-ROM included with your board will have the manual as well as drivers. If you don't have either one, go to our Program Download area of the website or our FTP server. 2. Download latest BIOS, software or drivers. Please go to our Program Download area on our website to check to see if you have the latest BIOS. They are developed over periods of time to fixes bugs or incompatibilities. Also please make sure you have the latest drivers from your peripheral card makers! 3. Check the ABIT Technical Terms Guide and FAQ on our website. We are trying to expand and make the FAQs more helpful and information rich. Let us know if you have any suggestions. For hot topics, check out our HOT FAQ!
4. Internet Newsgroups. These are a great source of information and many people there can offer help. ABIT's Internet News group, alt.comp.periphs.mainboard.abit, is an ideal forum for the public to exchange information and discuss experiences they have had with ABIT products. Many times you will see that your question has already been asked before. This is a public Internet news group and it is reserved for free discussions. Here is a list of some of the more popular ones: alt.comp.periphs.mainboard.abit comp.sys.ibm.pc.hardware.chips alt.comp.hardware.overclocking alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt alt.comp.hardware.pc-homebuilt 5. Ask your reseller. Your ABIT authorized distributor should be able to provide the fastest solution to your technical problem. We sell our products through distributors who sell to resellers and stores. Your reseller should be very familiar with your system configuration and should be able to solve your problem much more efficiently than we could. After all, your reseller regards you as an important customer who may purchase more products and who can urge your friends to buy from him or her as well. They integrated and sold the system to you. They should know best what your system configuration is and your problem. They should have reasonable return or refund policies. How they serve you is also a good reference for your next purchase. 6. Contacting ABIT. If you feel that you need to contact ABIT directly you can send email to the ABIT technical support department. First, please contact the support team for the branch office closest to you. They will be more familiar with local conditions and will have better insight as to which resellers offer what products and services. Due to the huge number of emails coming in every day and other reasons, such as the time required for problem reproduction, we will not be able to reply to every email. Please understand that we are selling through distribution channels and while we don't have the resources to serve every end-user, we will do our best to help every customer. Please also remember that for many of our technical support team English is a second language. You will have a better chance of getting a helpful answer if your question can be quickly understood. Be sure to use very, simple, concise language that clearly states the problem, avoid rambling or flowery language, and always list your system components and operating system. Here is the contact information for our branch offices:

North America and South America
ABIT Computer (U.S.A.) Corporation 2901 Bayview Drive, Fremont CA, 94538, U.S.A. Tel: 1-510-623-0500 Fax: 1-510-623-1092 Sales: sales@abit-usa.com Latin America Sales: ventas@abit-usa.com Marketing: marketing@abit-usa.com Web Site: http://www.abit-usa.com RMA Center: http://rma.abit-usa.com

UK and Ireland

ABIT Computer (U.K.) Corporation Ltd. Unit 3, 24-26 Boulton Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 4QX, UK Tel: 44-1438-228888 Fax: 44-1438-226333 E-mail: sales@abitcomputer.co.uk AMOR Computer B.V. (ABIT's European Office) Jan van Riebeeckweg 15, 5928LG, Venlo, The Netherlands Tel: 31-77-3204428 Fax: 31-77-3204420 Sales: sales@abit.nl Web Site: http://www.abit.nl Asguard Computer Ges.m.b.H Schmalbachstrasse 5, A-2201 Gerasdorf / Wien, Austria Tel: 43-1-7346709 Fax: 43-1-7346713 E-mail: asguard@asguard.at ABIT Computer (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. Tel: 86-21-6235-1829 Fax: 86-21-6235-1832 Web Site: http://www.abit.com.cn ABIT Computer (Russia) Co. Ltd. Sales: sales@abit.ru Info: info@abit.ru Web Site: http://www.abit.ru
Germany and Benelux (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg), France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Switzerland
Austria, Czech, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, and Macedonia

Shanghai

Russia and CIS

Poland

ABIT Computer (Poland) Co. Ltd. Przedstawicielstwo w Polsce ul. Wita Stwosza 28, 50-149 Wrocaw Tel: 65 / 66 Fax: 87 Web Site: http://www.abit4u.jp ABIT Computer Corporation No. 323, Yang Guang St., Neihu, Taipei, 114, Taiwan Tel: 886-2-8751-8888 Fax: 886-2-8751-3382 Sales: sales@abit.com.tw Marketing: market@abit.com.tw Web Site: http://www.abit.com.tw
Japan Taiwan Head Office (Serving all other territories not listed above. Taiwan is 8+ GMT time, and may have different holiday calendar from yours.)
7. RMA Service. If your system has been working but it just stopped, but you have not installed any new software or hardware recently, it is likely that you have a defective component. Please contact the reseller from whom you bought the product. You should be able to get RMA service there. 8. Reporting Compatibility Problems to ABIT. Because of tremendous number of email messages we receive every day, we are forced to give greater weight to certain types of messages than to others. For this reason, any compatibility problem that is reported to us, giving detailed system configuration information and error symptoms will receive the highest priority. For the other questions, we regret that we may not be able to reply directly. But your questions may be posted to the Internet news group in order that a larger number of users can have the benefit of the information. Please check the news group from time to time.