Setting up Apple Darwin Streaming Server on MS Windows XP and Windows 2000
Setting up Apple Darwin Streaming Server on Microsoft Windows XP and Windows 2000
BEFORE YOU START An Apple ID is needed to download the Darwin Streaming Server software successfully. Free registration is available at: https://signin.apple.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/signin.woa To install the software on a Microsoft Windows XP system, the PERL programming language must be installed. The current release (5.8.3.809) of the ActivePerl package can be downloaded for free at: http://www.activestate.com/Products/ActivePerl/more_information.plex Ensure that the ActivePerl software is installed before continuing with the Darwin installation.
DOWNLOADING The Darwin Streaming Server software is available from the Apple website at: http://developer.apple.com/darwin/projects/streaming/ Scroll to the bottom of the page to find the server link for Windows 2000 Server/Windows 2003 Server under Binary releases, which leads to the Apple ID sign-on page. After logging in the familiar Windows dialogue box appears, asking whether to Open or Save the file DarwinStreamingSrvr5.0.1.1.exe. Choose the Save option and save it to a temporary space on the hard disk, e.g. C:\Temp. Navigate to the directory where the file was saved and double click on it. The file is a self extracting WinZip archive and will ask where to put the Darwin Streaming Server. Use the default value already filled in of C:\DarwinStreamingServer. Once the self extractor has finished, close it. Navigate to the folder where the files were unzipped. Ensure there are no programs running on the system and double click on the file entitled Install.bat. This will open a DOS window where the progress of the installation can be watched. At the end of the process is a prompt for an administrator username and password to be created, after which the setup is complete. Assuming that the installation completed without errors, the server software has been correctly installed and the following directory is created: C:\Program Files\Darwin Streaming Server
TESTING To test the installation of the server software, open a browser window and type the following: http://localhost:1220 This is the URL to the admin pages on the server. If accessing the pages from another computer, the required URL is http://www.mymachinename.ac.uk:1220 where mymachinename is the name of your computer on your network. It is also possible to use the machines IP address to access the pages, e.g. http://192.168.0.1:1220.
Figure 1. The Setup Assistant. The first page of the setup assistant will appear (Figure 1), asking for a new password to be set for the MP3 broadcast facility. Either use the same user/password as the administrator account which was created during installation or specify a completely different password for MP3 broadcast. Once a password has been specified, click Next. The next screen will prompt for a decision on whether to use the SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) functionality for administering the Streaming Server. In order to implement SSL, a certificate from a licensing authority such as VeriSign (http://www.verisign.com/) is needed. Setting up the server using SSL is outside the scope of this guide. Do not click the checkbox; click Next to proceed. The next screen asks the name of the directory in which the media (the files that will be streamed) will reside. Unless otherwise required, use the default value. The final screen is concerned with streaming on Port 80. Use this facility with caution. If streaming over Port 80 is selected and a web server such as Apache is being used, then the web server will not be able to serve content over Port 80 any longer. The same applies if IIS is being used on the same hardware as it is intended to install Darwin Streaming Server. In either case, both the web server and the Streaming Server will be trying to use Port 80 and the Streaming Server will win. Unless there is a specific requirement to stream over Port 80, such as a need to stream content through firewalls that do not allow any other traffic, leave this option unchecked. (N.B. the Streaming Server serves content using the Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) and Port 554 unless otherwise specified.)

To test streams from the server, use the test media found in: C:\Program Files\Darwin Streaming Server\Movies Open the Apple QuickTime player (must be version 6.+ to play.mpg4 content), click on File>Open URL in New Player and type: rtsp://localhost/sample_100kbit.mov or rtsp://localhost/sample_100kbit.mp4 If the QuickTime sample appears then the Streaming Server is functioning correctly. Sometimes it can take a considerable length of time for the movie to appear and this is a good indication that any or all of the computer hardware, the hard disks, and the processor are not fast enough/powerful enough for the job. In this case the software will need to be installed on a more powerful platform. If the movie does not appear then consult the Darwin Streaming Server Administrator's Guide documentation at: http://developer.apple.com/darwin/projects/streaming/
Trademarks Apple and QuickTime are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. WinZip is a registered trademark of WinZip Computing.

You can also access onscreen help from the Finder or other applications on a server or on an administrator computer. (An administrator computer is a Mac OS X computer with server administration software installed on it.) Use the Help menu to open Help Viewer, and then choose Library > Mac OS X Server Help. To see the latest server help topics, make sure the server or administrator computer is connected to the Internet while youre using Help Viewer. Help Viewer automatically retrieves and caches the latest server help topics from the Internet. When not connected to the Internet, Help Viewer displays cached help topics.
The Mac OS X Server Suite
The Mac OS X Server documentation includes a suite of guides that explain the services and provide instructions for configuring, managing, and troubleshooting the services. All of the guides are available in PDF format from: www.apple.com/server/documentation/
This guide. Mac OS X Server Getting Started for Version 10.4 or Later Mac OS X Server Upgrading and Migrating to Version 10.4 or Later Mac OS X Server User Management for Version 10.4 or Later Mac OS X Server File Services Administration for Version 10.4 or Later Mac OS X Server Print Service Administration for Version 10.4 or Later Mac OS X Server System Image and Software Update Administration for Version 10.4 or Later Mac OS X Server Mail Service Administration for Version 10.4 or Later Mac OS X Server Web Technologies Administration for Version 10.4 or Later tells you how to: Install Mac OS X Server and set it up for the first time. Use data and service settings that are currently being used on earlier versions of the server. Create and manage users, groups, and computer lists. Set up managed preferences for Mac OS X clients. Share selected server volumes or folders among server clients using these protocols: AFP, NFS, FTP, and SMB/CIFS. Host shared printers and manage their associated queues and print jobs. Use NetBoot and Network Install to create disk images from which Macintosh computers can start up over the network. Set up a software update server for updating client computers over the network. Set up, configure, and administer mail services on the server.
Set up and manage a web server, including WebDAV, WebMail, and web modules.

To set up and manage QuickTime Streaming Server (QTSS), you use the Server Admin application, which is installed with Mac OS X Server (version 10.4 or later). This application provides a standard graphical user interface for all supported platforms and enables you to administer the streaming server locally or remotely. You use Server Admin to change general settings, monitor connected users, view log files, manage bandwidth usage, and relay streams from one server to another.
Here is a brief description of the five panes in QuickTime Streaming: Overview: Provides a snapshot of current server activity. Logs: Displays error logs for troubleshooting purposes and access logs, which show such information as the number of times a media file has been accessed and when. Connections: Provides information about connected users and active relays. Graphs: Displays a graph of the average number of connected users or throughput over time, from hours to days. Settings: Where you specify server settings, bind QTSS to specific IP addresses (if the server computer is multihomed), enable relays, and change log settings. Also included with QTSS is QuickTime Streaming Server Publisher, an application that automates the process of preparing and delivering streaming movies. Its user-friendly interface makes it easy to post error-free streaming content on the web. You use QTSS Publisher to create playlists, automatically hint movies, and easily embed movies in a website. For more information about QTSS Publisher, see Chapter 4, Managing Your Media With QTSS Publisher, on page 41.
Using the Web-Based Application to Manage QuickTime Streaming
If you have previously administered a QuickTime Streaming Server using the webbased application, Web Admin, you can continue to do so. Web Admin is useful for administering a streaming server remotely or from non-Macintosh computers. To use Web Admin: 1 In Server Admin, select QuickTime Streaming under the server in the Computers & Services list. 2 Click Settings. 3 Click Access. 4 Select Enable web-based administration. 5 Click Save. For information on using Web Admin, see the QuickTime Streaming Server/Darwin Streaming Server administrators guide available at developer.apple.com/darwin/. Note: If you have been using the web-based application, Web Admin, to administer a QuickTime Streaming Server, youll find the administration features in Mac OS X Server Admin. Use QTSS Publisher to create playlists and to prepare and organize media files.
Chapter 3 Managing Your QuickTime Streaming Server
Using Server Admin to Manage QuickTime Streaming
This section provides instructions for tasks such as streaming, setting up a multihomed server, and changing such settings as the maximum number of connections and the maximum throughput allowed.
Starting or Stopping Streaming Service
You start or stop streaming service in the QuickTime Streaming pane of Server Admin. To start or stop streaming service: 1 Open Server Admin. 2 In the Computers & Services list, click QuickTime Streaming for the server. 3 At the top of the window, click Start Service or Stop Service.

rtsp://hostname.com/~user1/sample.mov
Note: To stream a live broadcast from a directory other than the media directory, you need to create a qtaccess file. For more information, see the QuickTime Streaming Server administrators guide available at developer.apple.com/darwin/.

Setting Up Relay Streams

You use relays to accept a stream from one streaming server and send the stream on, or relay it, to another streaming server. Each relay comprises a source and one or more destinations. To set up a relay: 1 In the Settings pane of the QuickTime Streaming service, click Relays. 2 Click the Add (+) button next to the Relays list. 3 Enter a name for the relay in the Relay Name field. 4 Choose an option from the Relay Type pop-up menu. The Relay Type defines the source for the relay. There are three different options for Relay Type: Request Incoming Stream directs the streaming server to send a request to the source computer for the incoming stream before it gets relayed. You can use this feature to relay a reflected live broadcast (from another server) or to request a stored file and turn it into an outgoing live stream. Request Incoming Stream is commonly used with unannounced UDP streams from QuickTime Broadcaster or other streaming encoders. Unannounced UDP directs the server to relay streams on a specific IP address and port numbers. Announced UDP directs the server to wait for the incoming stream and then relay it. Relays set to wait for announced streams can accept only media streams using the RTSP announce protocol. Announced UDP is used with Automatic (Announced) broadcasts from QuickTime Broadcaster or other streaming encoders that support the RTSP announce protocol. 5 In case of Request Incoming Stream or Announced UDP, in the Source IP field, enter the DNS hostname or IP address of the source computer. 6 In case of Request Incoming Stream or Announced UDP, in the Path text field, enter the pathname to the stream. 7 In case of Request Incoming Stream or Announced UDP, if the source computer requires automatic broadcasts to be authenticated, enter a user name and password. 8 Make sure Enable Relay is selected and click the Back button.
9 Click the Add (+) button next to the Destinations list. There are two different types of destinations: Unannounced UDP directs the server to relay the stream to the destination IP address and port numbers. This requires generating an sdp file manually. Announced UDP directs the server to relay and announce the stream to the destination IP address. The sdp file will be generated automatically at the destination. 10 Enter the requested information and click the Back button. 11 Repeat steps 9 and 10 for each destination, then click Save. To turn a relay on or off, select or deselect the Enable checkbox next to the relay in the list. To delete a relay, select it and click the Delete () button.

AuthName <message> AuthUserFile <user filename> AuthGroupFile <group filename> require user <username1> <username2> require group <groupname1> <groupname2> require valid-user require any-user
Terms not in angle brackets are keywords. Anything in angle brackets is information you supply. Save the access file as plain text (not.rtf or any other file format).
message is text your users see when the login window appears. Its optional. If your
message contains any white space (such as a space character between terms), make sure you enclose the entire message in quotation marks.
user filename is the path and filename of the user file. For Mac OS X, the default is
/Library/QuickTimeStreaming/Config/qtusers.
group filename is the path and filename of the group file. For Mac OS X, the default
is /Library/QuickTimeStreaming/Config/qtgroups. A group file is optional. If you have a lot of users, it may be easier to set up one or more groups, and then enter the group names, than to list each user.
username is a user who is authorized to log in and view the media file. The users name
must be in the user file you specified. You can also specify valid-user, which designates any valid user.
groupname is a group whose members are authorized to log in and view the media file.
The group and its members must be listed in the group file you specified. You can use these additional user tags: valid-user is any user defined in the qtusers file. The statement require valid-user specifies that any authenticated user in the qtusers file can have access to the media files. If this tag is used, the server will prompt users for an appropriate user name and password. any-user allows any user to view media without providing a name or password. You can also add the keyword AuthScheme with the values basic or digest to a qtaccess file. This overrides the global authentication setting on a directory-bydirectory basis. If you have made customized changes to the default qtaccess access file, be aware that making any changes to broadcast user settings in Streaming Server Admin will modify the default qtaccess file at the root level of the Movies directory. Any customized modifications you may have made prior to this will not be preserved. What Clients Need to Access Protected Media Users must have QuickTime 5 or later to access a media file for which digest authentication is enabled. If your streaming server is set up to use basic authentication, users need QuickTime 4.1 or later. Users must enter their user names and passwords to view the media file. Users who try to access a media file with an earlier version of QuickTime will see the error message 401: Unauthorized.

Adding User Accounts and Passwords You can add a user account and password if you log in to the server computer. To add a user account: 1 Log in to the server computer as root, open a terminal window, and type the following:
qtpasswd <user-name>
Alternatively, use sudo to execute the command as root. 2 Enter a password for the user and reenter it when prompted. Adding or Deleting Groups You can edit the /Library/QuickTimeStreaming/Config/qtgroups file with any text editor as long as it follows this format:
<groupname>: <user-name1> <user-name2> <user-name3>
For Windows, the path is c:\Program Files\Darwin Streaming Server\qtgroups. For other supported platforms, it is /etc/streaming/qtgroups. To add or delete a group, simply edit the group file you set up. Making Changes to the User or Group File You can make changes to the user or group file if you log in to the server computer. To delete a user from a user or group file: 1 Log in to the server computer as administrator and use a text editor to open the user or group file. 2 Delete the user name and encrypted passwords line from the user file. 3 Delete the user name from the group file. To change a user password: 1 Log in to the server computer as root, open a terminal window, and type the following:
Alternatively, use sudo to execute the command as root. 2 Enter a new password for the user. The password you enter replaces the password in the file.
Configuring a Multicast Relay
Setting up a multicast relay allows you to receive a unicast stream from one server and relay it out to a local area network over multicast (note that network must be multicast enabled for viewers to be able to access the stream). The following steps show how this is set up. To relay an incoming stream as a multicast stream: 1 Set up a multicast relay on the streaming server. a If the broadcast source for the relay is configured as an Automatic Unicast (Announce), set the Relay Type to Announced UDP. If the broadcast source for the relay is configured as a Manual Unicast, set the Relay Type to Request Incoming Stream. b Set the Source IP of the relay to 127.0.0.1. c Set the path to the Announced (specified in step 2) or Unannounced sdp file (manually copied to the server) as the Path for the relay. This path is relative to your streaming server's Movies directory. Make sure to include the.sdp extension. d If you are using Automatic Unicast on the Broadcaster/Encoder, select Announced UDP for the Relay Type. If the source is a manual unicast, select Request Incoming Stream. e Leave User Name and Password fields blank. When using the loopback address (127.0.0.1), authentication is not required. f Create a destination for the relay by clicking the + icon. Specify a valid multicast address for the Destination IP address. Set the Destination type to Unannounced UDP. Set the UDP base port number to an even number (something in the range works well). The multicast TTL is the number of router hops the multicast will work through. Set it for the topology of the network you are working on. g Click the Save button. 2 Set up QuickTime Broadcaster to send an Automatic Unicast (Announce) or Manual Unicast to the server. For Automatic Unicasts, the filename specified in Broadcaster will be created on the server (the.sdp extension will be added if not specified). More information on Automatic Unicast is available on page 35. For Manual Unicast, the.sdp file must be Exported from Broadcaster and manually copied to the Streaming Server's Movies directory. After you start the broadcast, test the reflected stream from the server in QuickTime Player by opening this URL: rtsp://<serverIP>/<filename.sdp> 3 To enable clients to tune in to the multicast relay, make a copy of the SDP file and edit the copy as follows: a In the line that begins with c=IN IP4, change the IP address to the multicast IP address specified in step 1.

Improving the Performance of Hinted Movies Exported From QuickTime Player
When you export a hinted movie from QuickTime Player, you can compress video and sound using either the native RTP payload encoder or the generic QuickTime payload encoder. Generally, native payload encoding is preferred. Check with your codec manufacturer for specific guidelines regarding payload encoding. Use care and experimentation when choosing between native and QuickTime payload encoders. To change the encoding used when you export from QuickTime Player: 1 Choose File > Export. 2 Choose Movie to Hinted Movie from the Export pop-up menu. 3 Click Options and then click Track Hinter Settings. 4 Choose an option from the RTP Payload Encoding pop-up menu. To maximize the number of connected usersrather than saving disk spaceselect the Optimize hints for server checkbox. (In most cases, youll want to leave the checkbox deselected.)
Choosing a Thumbnail for a Movie on a Webpage
When you use QTSS Publisher to embed a streaming movie in a webpage, you can choose a custom image to display until the movie starts playing. If you dont choose a custom image, the movies poster frame (the first image or the frame selected in QuickTime) is displayed. To select a still image to represent an embedded movie: 1 In QTSS Publisher, click Library or the playlist and then select the movie. 2 If you have an individual file you want to use as the poster frame, select Custom Image, click Choose, and select the file. Or drag the file from the Finder to the Thumbnail Image well in QTSS Publisher. 3 Click Apply. If you dont have a separate file, select the movie in the Finder (use Column view), play the movie in the Preview column, click Pause when the desired frame appears, and drag from the Preview window to the Thumbnail Image well.
Creating and Editing Movie Annotations
You can create annotations to preserve information about a movie, such as its author, copyright date, and notes. The text in the Full Name annotation field appears as the title in a QuickTime Player window. The other fields appear in the movie Properties window in QuickTime Player (Movie > Get Movie Properties). To annotate a movie: 1 In QTSS Publisher, click Library and then select the movie. 2 Type the information in the Movie Annotations fields. 3 Click Apply.
Specifying Where to Play Media on a Webpage
For media files accessed on a webpage, you can make the media file play as soon as the webpage opens or when a user clicks the files still image. You can also specify whether the movie plays within the webpage or in QuickTime Player. To specify how media plays: 1 In QTSS Publisher, select the media file or playlist. 2 Under HTML Settings, choose an option from the pop-up menu. Open in QuickTime Player. When the user clicks the still image on the webpage, the movie starts playing in a separate QuickTime Player window. Embed in webpage. When the user clicks the still image on the webpage, the movie starts playing within the webpage. Autoplay in webpage. The movie starts playing as soon as the webpage loads (the still image isnt displayed). 3 Click Apply.

Creating and Managing Playlists
With QTSS Publisher, its easy to create and manage playlists for video or audio broadcasts. Creating a Playlist of Media for Streaming You can create a playlist of QuickTime movies, MPEG-4 files, or MP3 audio tracks. To create a playlist: 1 Make sure your prepared media files are in the QTSS Publisher Library (drag them from the Finder to the library list). 2 In QTSS Publisher, choose File > New Collection or click the New (+) button. 3 Choose Media Playlist or MP3 Playlist from the pop-up menu. 4 Type a name for the playlist. (You can change the name later.)
As you enter the name, QTSS Publisher creates a URL name for you (you can change the URL name if you wish). The playlist and URL names must be unique; no two broadcasts can use the same name. 5 Click Create. 6 When the new playlist appears in the sidebar (on the left of the QTSS Publisher window), you can drag files to it from the Library. Starting and Stopping Playlists You start or stop broadcasting playlists using QTSS Publisher. To start or stop broadcasting a playlist: 1 In QTSS Publisher, select the playlist. 2 Click the Start or Stop button. 3 If you are stopping a playlist, you can select the Wait checkbox so that the playlist stops when the currently playing item finishes. Modifying a Playlist To change the order of items in a playlist, drag them. To delete an item from a playlist, select it and press Delete. To add items to a playlist, drag them from the Library to the playlist name in the sidebar. Note: You can change a playlists content without stopping and restarting itthe playlist updates automatically. You can change a playlists settings (for example, whether the playlist plays in random or sequential order) while it is broadcasting, but you must stop and restart the playlist to apply the new settings. You can also modify settings such as the playlists name, genre, and play mode. To change a playlists name or genre: 1 In QTSS Publisher, select a playlist. 2 In the Playlist Settings area, make your changes. 3 Click Apply. Specifying How an MP3 Playlist Plays You can set up a playlist to play in order once or repeatedly, or to play in random order. You can also weight individual items so that they play more often. To specify how an MP3 playlist plays: 1 In QTSS Publisher, select the playlist. 2 Under Playlist Settings, choose an option from the Play Mode pop-up menu. Sequential broadcasts the media in the order in which it appears in the playlist. Sequential Looped broadcasts the playlist in order, and then, when the last media file ends, the playlist repeats in the same order.
Weighted Random broadcasts the media in random order, using the specified weights to determine how often an item plays (the higher the weight, the more often the item is played). 3 If you chose Weighted Random, you can specify the number of items that must be broadcast before an item repeats. 4 Click Apply. Changing the Weight of an Item in a Playlist You can weight a playlist item to adjust how often it plays. When you choose Weighted Random in the Play Mode pop-up menu, items with higher weights play more often than those with lower weights. To change an items weight: 1 In QTSS Publisher, select the playlist, then select the item. 2 Drag the Weight slider (farther right is higher). 3 Click Apply. Creating Playlist Hypertext and Captions When you use QTSS Publisher to upload an MP3 playlist, Publisher automatically creates a hypertext link for it. The default text is Click here to listen, but you can customize it. For MP3 and movie playlists, you can also create a caption to display on the webpage. To create a hypertext link and caption for an MP3 playlist: 1 In QTSS Publisher, select the playlist. 2 Under Webpage Settings, type the text link and caption. 3 Click Apply. To make a caption for a media file or playlist, select the item and type the text in the Webpage Caption field.

Delivering Your Content

After you prepare and organize your media, QTSS Publisher makes it easy to deliver your content over the Internet, by progressive download or streaming.
Making Content Available for Streaming or Downloading
Content in the QTSS Publisher Library is automatically uploaded to the server, but is not available for on-demand streaming until you make it available. To make a playlist available, select the playlist and click Start. (See Chapter 3, Starting or Stopping Streaming Service, on page 29.) To make an individual media file publicly available: 1 In QTSS Publisher, click Library, then select the media file. 2 For an MP3 file, select Publish MP3 file to web server under User Access. For a media file, select an option from the Publish media to pop-up menu: Publish media file to QuickTime Streaming Server (Instant-On). With Instant-On streaming, no file is downloaded to the client. This provides more protection for the media. It also gives clients the ability to move the playhead position forward without waiting for the media to download: Instant-On streaming is an excellent choice for longer media files (files that are more than 5 minutes in length). Publish media file to web server (Fast Start). Files can also be posted to the web server for Fast Start streaming. These files are downloaded to the client. Fast Start is ideal for shorter media files. It is also a good choice for clients with slower connections (56K modem). 3 Click Apply.
Specifying Which Server to Broadcast From
By default, playlists broadcast from the server youre connected to, but you can specify another server to stream from. To relay a broadcast through a different server: 1 In QTSS Publisher, select the playlist. 2 Under Broadcast Server, select Relay broadcast through a different server. 3 Enter the requested information. 4 Click Apply.

Creating Webpages

QTSS Publisher generates HTML for each playlist. To create a webpage link to a playlist, drag the HTML to your webpage editor. You can also use QTSS Publisher to create webpages. Predesigned templates are provided, so you can create an attractive webpage without having to do a lot of design work. (See the sample below.)

Users Want to Back Up Databases that QTSS Publisher Maintains
It is important to understand the inner workings of QuickTime Streaming Server Publisher in order to be able to create an effective backup with or without a backup of published media. Any media added to the main Library in QTSS Publisher goes directly into the /Libraries folder under /Library/Application Support/Apple/QTSS Publisher also , called the QTSS Publisher folder The Libraries folder is a mirror image of the Source. Library in the main view of QTSS Publisher, where all content is displayed. When QuickTime media is published by QTSS Publisher via Fast Start, it becomes immediately available for download and is copied into the folder qtmedia under the default web server folder. The default Webserver folder is /Library/Webserver/ Documents which can be modified in Server Admin. The qtmedia folder is designated by default as the Media directory and can be modified from the Settings > General tab in QuickTime Streaming in Server Admin. Any content set for Instant-On, which is available through QuickTime Streaming Server for on-demand streaming, is copied into the Movies folder in the /Library/ QuicktimeStreaming also called the QuickTimeStreaming folder QTSS Publisher also ,. publishes Instant-On files to a qtmedia subfolder inside the /Library/ QuickTimeStreaming/Movies folder.
QTSS Publisher maintains a concurrent database of all the content it is hosting in property list, or plist files. The primary and most important of these is the Links.plist , file located in the QTSS Publisher folder. This file gets created when you publish your first playlist or media file. The Web Pages.plist gets generated the first time you publish a webpage to the web server in QTSS Publisher. These files keep track of all information including which files have links. Any time you check a box in QTSS Publisher, an entry is added to the plist file. All media gets entries in these plist files: a playlist, a movie file, an MP3 file, whether available for streaming or on demand. The information about everything that QTSS Publisher makes publicly available is recorded in these two files. Any playlists created by QTSS Publisher go into the /Library/Application Support/Apple/QTSS Publisher/ Playlists folder. Any webpages you create in QTSS Publisher populate the Media directory and a corresponding entry is stored in the Web Pages.plist which is discussed below. A thumbnail image can be assigned to any movie (also called a Poster Image) for display on a webpage. The thumbnail resides on the default web server folder with the same name as the media file, appended with an _i at the end of the file name. When you upload a poster image (Thumbnail), an entry goes into Poster Images.plist. When files are available for download (via Fast Start), the media file is copied into the default web server folder. If we specify a Fast Start file to also publish via the streaming server, the first thing QTSS Publisher does for Fast Start movies is create a copy of the movie that is optimized for fast-start and they get placed in the web server folder. Instant-On movies get an alias to the original file placed in the QuickTimeStreaming folder. You can't embed a streaming URL in a webpage directly, so you have to make a reference movie using QuickTime. This is a small file with a.mov extension which essentially redirects the QuickTime player to the streaming (RTSP) URL. The reference movie is created by QuickTime and is placed in qtmedia, (unless the default value has been modified,) under the web server location (/Library/Webserver/Documents). Playlists are setup for broadcast only, not for on-demand usage. Media is hosted from the QTSS Publisher folder under Playlists. Every time you create a playlist, a subfolder is created in the Playlists folder. These playlists are stored in.playlist files in the individual subfolders of each playlist, which contain the names of all the files that are in the playlist. There is also a.config file for details which are stored in the standard file format documented at the Darwin Streaming Server site at developer.apple.com/darwin/ projects/streaming/.

Windows can cause lighting problems. For more control, you should be able to draw
the blinds and supplement room lights with a portable lighting kit that can be quickly set up for a live session. Step 2: Prepare the Network Check that there is an Ethernet connection to the room where the live broadcast is to take place. Install, repair, or replace cables and connectors as needed, using highquality materials. Bear in mind that streamingespecially live streamingcan make heavy demands on network resources, especially available bandwidth. To ensure that the network can handle the extra load, it may be necessary to do some or all of the following: Determine the capacity of the existing network and calculate the anticipated additional traffic generated by live and on-demand streaming. Draw a map of bandwidth segments on your network, listing the capacity between all points. Determine which applications are used in your network, their use patterns, where they are hosted, and the bandwidth they normally use during peak and off-peak times. Based on the configuration and capacities of your network, select the appropriate place to install your streaming server, avoiding potential bottlenecks. If necessary, add capacity to the network (additional T1 lines, routers, switches, and so on) to handle the anticipated maximum number of concurrent viewers of live broadcasts in addition to other peak network traffic. Note: A typical local network provides bandwidth internally of 10100 Mbps. In contrast, a T1 line provides only about 1.5 Mbps of bandwidth. T1 lines work fine for HTTP and FTP, where the requests are either short-lived or are not time sensitive, but streaming is much more demanding. With streaming you cant slow things downthe data has to be transferred at least as fast as the original content data rate in order to deliver streams. For this example, we will assume a maximum of 10 concurrent viewers, half on the local network and half on the Internet, and a bit rate for each unicast stream of approximately 256 kilobits per second (Kbps). The peak extra bandwidth needed is then about 3.23.3 megabits per second (Mbps). This estimate includes an extra margin of 2530 percent for unplanned network congestion and peaks in the transmitted streams that can occur for various reasons. Step 3: Set Up Your Streaming Server An administrator computer must be set up before you can configure and manage your streaming server if, as in this example, the streaming server is running headless. For information on setting up an administrator computer, see Mac OS X Server Getting Started for Version 10.4 or Later (included on a Mac OS X Server install disc).

Usage Responding to messages from clients (such as Play and Pause) Sending media and receiving client status Ports TCP (client initiates -> QTSS) 554, 7070, 8000, 8001, 80 Protocols Notes RTSP, RTP, Main port is 554. 80 is supported RTCP, in the QT client as an alternative MP3 TCP port. These ports also send data to clients. Status is required to maintain a connection; if blocked, the server disconnects the client.
UDP data (QTSS -> client): 6970 RTP
6999, even numbers UDP status (QTSS <-> client): 69716999, odd numbers TCP data & status (QTSS <-> client): 554, 7070, 8000, 8001, 80 RTCP
RTSP, RTP, Same ports used to respond to RTCP messages. RTP RTCP

Receiving broadcasts

UDP data (broadcaster -> QTSS):
697265535, even numbers UDP RTCP status (broadcaster <-> QTSS): 697365535, odd numbers TCP (broadcaster initiates -> QTSS): 554, 7070, 8000, 8001, 80

Ports depend on the

broadcaster configuration.
Status is required to maintain a
connection; if blocked, the server disconnects the RTSP, RTP, broadcaster. Broadcasters can broadcast over RTCP their TCP message connection with the server instead of using UDP ports. RTSP, RTP, Same ports used to respond to RTCP, messages and receive TCP MP3 broadcasts.

Streaming through server

TCP (client initiates -> QTSS): 554, 7070, 8000, 8001, 80
Usage MP3 broadcasts (typical default) Managing QTSS remotely with Server Admin Managing QTSS remotely with Web Admin
Ports TCP (client -> QTSS): 8000 TCP (admin client initiates -> server): 311 TCP (web browser client initiates -> server): 1220

Protocols Notes

In this setup example, well assume that the students connecting to the streaming server via the Internet are not behind their own firewalls. In that case, we wont enable streaming on port 80, the port typically carrying HTTP Internet traffic and allowed by most firewalls. If some clients are behind firewalls, it may be desirable to enable streaming on port 80 for those clients to access the streams. For instructions, see Serving Streams Past Firewalls Using Port 80 on page 34. Will it be necessary to set up a broadcaster user account on the streaming server? In this setup example, its necessary to create a broadcaster user name and password because the encoding software and QTSS are on separate computers. Creating a broadcaster user allows a Session Description Protocol (SDP) file, which provides information about the format, timing, and authorship of a live streaming broadcast, to be created on the server. Once specified, the user name and password are entered through QuickTime Broadcaster. For instructions on creating or changing a broadcaster user name and password, see Using Automatic Unicast (Announce) With QTSS on a Separate Computer on page 35. Youll need to use the administrator computer previously set up. Will users require authentication to access live or archived presentations? In our example setup, no authentication is necessary. However, if you want to restrict access to your streams, youll need to set up individual or group streaming user names and passwords. For information on how to set up and manage such accounts, see the appropriate topics under Security and Access on page 33. Step 4: Set Up for a Live Webcast For the example setup, the following items are needed: Good-quality DV camera Microphone placed near the speaker, either on a stand or clipped to the speakers clothing, connected by good-quality audio cable to the DV camera audio input Sturdy tripod on which to mount the camera Portable lighting kit

on-demand delivery 16

passwords broadcaster user account 35, 63 changing for users 38 MP3 broadcasts 35 user accounts 38 for viewing media 37 performance hinted movies 44 players MPEG-QuickTime. See QuickTime Player PlaylistBroadcaster process 51 playlists 42, 4851 access to 36 broadcasting prerecorded media with 42 creating 45 described 42 looping 51 movie 43 MP3. See MP3 playlists MPEG-names 45, 49 preparing prerecorded media for 43 problems with 51 server-side 9 starting 46 stopping 46 playlists log 51 Play Mode setting 46 plug-in, QuickTime 18, 52 port 80, streaming over 34 ports Firewire 58 used by QTSS/DSS 62 poster frame 44 prerecorded media 43 presentations, streaming 5769 problems. See troubleshooting
qtaccess file 3637 qtgroups file 38 qtusers file 37 QuickTime Broadcaster

Name setting 45, 49

described 9 live audio/video setup 17 live presentations 59 obtaining 23, 65 QTSS/DSS and 17 requirements for 24 setting up 23, 6566 streaming presentations 58 video capture 24 website 23, 65 QuickTime client software 23 QuickTime for the Web 13 QuickTime Instructional website 13 QuickTime movies See also movies exporting as hinted movies 44 sample 25 QuickTime Player described 9 viewing media from clients 26 viewing movies 25 viewing streamed media on 18 window title 45 QuickTime plug-in 18, 52 QuickTime Pro described 9 included with QuickTime for the Web 13 QuickTime product suite 7 QuickTime Services website 13 QuickTime streaming See streaming QuickTime Streaming Server (QTSS) See also streaming servers described 9 multiple media directories 3031 obtaining 7 QuickTime Broadcaster and 17 requirements for 6162 setting up 2426, 6063 QuickTime Streaming Server product page 13
resources 1314 RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol) 15 RTP payload encoder 44 RTP streams 24 RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol) 15
SDP files playlists and 51 purpose of 63 Secure Sockets Layer. See SSL security 3334 access control 3538 firewalls 34 networks with address translation 34 passwords. See passwords streaming on port user accounts 38 Sequential Looped mode 46 Sequential mode 46 server administration guides 11 server administrators 36 servers Apache 7 busy 29, 53 connection dropped 53 not running 53 Xserve 58 server-side playlists 9 Session Description Protocol files. See SDP files skip-protection technology 8, 16 software requirements 2324, 61 streamed media controlling access to 3538 errors during 5253 relaying 20 viewing from client computer 26 streaming codecs 42 from home directory 30 Instant-On 8, 23 instant-on 16 live. See live streaming MPMPEG-over port overview 1517 process for 18 real-time 16 streaming files 61 streaming MP3 playlists 23 streaming presentations 5769 Streaming Proxy settings 51 streaming servers

RAID storage systems 61 RAM 61 real-time streaming 16 Real-Time Streaming Protocol. See RTSP Real-Time Transport Protocol. See RTP relays broadcasting using 48 described 20 setting up 31 support for 9 uses for 20 Request Incoming Stream setting 31 resolution 64
See also Darwin Streaming Server; QuickTime Streaming Server; servers considerations 6163 overview 15 requirements for 6162 restricting access to 63 setting up 2326, 6063 testing setup 25 streaming service providers 13 Streaming Transport settings 51
broadcast 35 changing password 38 deleting from user/group file 38 messages for 37 multiple media directories 3031 unable to connect to broadcast 52, 53 viewing media 37
valid-user tag 37 video capture 24 streaming 17 video files 61
T1 lines 60 Thumbnail Image 44 titles 45 tracks, hint 42 tripod 63, 65 troubleshooting 5153 See also errors backup QTSS databases 53 media files 51, 52 playlists 51
Web Admin 7, 28 web browsers QuickTime plug-in 18 viewing streamed media through 26 webcasting setup 5769 web pages playing streamed media over 18 webcast access from 66 web servers 7 websites Darwin Streaming Server 14 Internet Engineering Task Force 14 QuickTime Broadcaster 23, 65 QuickTime Instructional site 13 QuickTime Services 13 QuickTime Streaming Server 13 Weighted Random mode 47 WinAmp 23 Windows-based systems 18 wireless connections 59
UDP packets 34 unicast 19 URLs media files 26 RTSP 26 unable to locate 52 user accounts adding 38 broadcaster 35, 63 passwords 38 User Datagram Protocol. See UDP user file 37, 38 user names authorized users 37 users access control 3638
XLR plugs 64 Xserve server 58