Model AXT-Watt 2-Channel Amplifier

OWNER'S MANUAL

Specifications... 1 Precautions... 2 Installation Instructions.. 3 Wiring Instructions.. 4 - 5 Input Wiring Diagram... 6 Output Wiring Diagram.. 7 Operation... 8 Warranty.... 9
HIGH PERFORMANCE STEREO AMPLIFIER
This power amplifier has been designed to provide high Quality performance with a minimum of maintenance. However, it's performance will only be as good as the care and quality of components with which it is installed. We therefore advise that you read these instructions very carefully to familiarize yourself with the product and it's features. Should you require assistance with the installation or wiring so this unit, please call our toll-free "HELP" line at 1-800-645-4994 during the days/hours shown.

1-800-645-4994

Monday-Friday 8:30am - 7:00pm Eastern Saturday 9:00am - 5:00pm Eastern

SPECIFICATIONS

Maximum Output Power: Output Impedance: Frequency Response: Channel Separation: Signal / Noise Ratio: Input Impedance: 120 Watts 30 watts RMS @ 4 Ohms 4-8 Ohms 20- 25,000Hz +/-1 dB 60 dB 90 dB Low-level 10K Ohms high-level 100 Ohms Input Sensitivity: Supply Voltage: Fuse Rating: Dimensions (W X H X D): Low-level 200 mV. - 2 V. High-level 2V - 10 V. 12 volts, negative ground 5 amps. 8-5/8" X 2-1/8" X 3-15/mm X 54.3 mm X 100 mm
* Due to continuing improvement, Audiovox reserves the right to change features and design without notice.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Although this unit is designed with built-in self-protection circuits, there may be a possibility of damage if it is not wired correctly. Please follow the wiring instructions carefully for the type of system being used. 2. The last lead to be connected is the wire to the positive(+) terminal of the battery. Connect this wire only after having completed and checked all other connections to the amplifier. 3. By nature of its design, a power amplifier generates heat and requires good air circulation around it to dissipate that heat. Do not install the amplifier in an enclosed area which does not permit adequate air circulation. Should the temperature of the unit rise too high, the internal thermal sensors will shut off operation until it has cooled down sufficiently. 4. If fuse replacement is necessary, use only fuses of the same ampere rating as originally supplied with the unit. The use of fuses with incorrect ratings may cause serious damage to the amplifier. If fuses blow consistently, carefully check all electrical connections to the unit. 5. Supply of adequate battery voltage is critical to the proper operation of the power amplifier. The leads to the battery and chassis ground must be of a thick enough gauge to provide this voltage to the amplifier. We recommend #16 gauge wire or thicker (smaller gauge #) for the battery and ground leads. 6. Make certain that the speakers to be used with this amplifier are capable of handing the output power (wattage) of the unit. Use of speakers not rated for the output of this amplifier may cause damage to or failure of the speakers for which Audiovox will not be liable.
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
1. Select a mounting area where the amplifier will have sufficient air circulation for proper cooling. Inadequate air circulation will cause the temperature of the amplifier to rise and will trigger the thermal protection mode. 2. Place the amplifier on the mounting surface and mark the locations of the four mounting holes as shown in the illustration. 3. Remove the amplifier and drill a 1/8" hole at each of the four locations.

INSTALLATION DIAGRAM

CAUTION: Before drilling the holes, look at the
underside of the mounting surface. Always check carefully to avoid drilling into wiring, braces, fuel or brake lines.

CHECK BEFORE YOU DRILL!

4. Secure the amplifier to the mounting surface using The self-tapping screws provided.
MOUNTING SURFACE DRILL 1/8" HOLE

WIRING INSTRUCTIONS

The wiring of your amplifier will depend on the system and speakers you are using but will either be a 4-Channel, 3-channel, 2-channel, or mixed-mono application. The following pages illustrate the input and output wiring for these types. Please refer to the appropriate diagrams for the system configuration you are using. The power and speaker wire connections for this amplifier are made via screw tightened terminal blocks. Loosen the screw for the connection to be made and fully insert the wire (strip 1/2" of insulation from the end) under the respective screw on the side panel (crimp-on "U" terminals are provided to simplify wiring and we recommend their use.). Tighten the screw down to secure the wire.

1. Power Connection

The battery terminal (BATT) must be connected directly to the positive terminal of the vehicle battery to provide an adequate voltage source and minimize noise. Connecting the battery terminal lead to any other point (such as the fuse block) will reduce the power output and may cause noise and distortion. Use only #16 gauge or thicker (smaller gauge #) wire for this lead and connect it to the terminal of the battery after all other wiring is completed.

2. Ground Connection

The ground terminal (GND) connection is also critical to the correct operation of the amplifier. Use a wire of the same #16 gauge as the power connection (#16 or thicker) and connect it between the ground terminal (GND) of the amplifier and a metal part of the vehicle close to the mounting location. This wire should be as short as possible and any paint or rust at the grounding point should be scraped away to provide a clean metal surface to which the end of the ground wire can be screwed or bolted.
3. Remote Turn-On Connection
The amplifier is turned on by applying +12 volts to the remote turn-on terminal (REM). The wire lead to this terminal should be connected to the "Auto-Antenna" lead from the car stereo which will provide the +12 volts only when the car stereo is turned on. If the car stereo does not provide an Auto-Antenna lead, the remote turn-on lead may be wired to an "Accessory" or "Radio" terminal in the car's fuse block. This will turn the amplifier on and off with the ignition key, regardless of whether the car stereo is on or off. The remote turn-on lead does not carry large currents, so #20 gauge wire may be used for this application.

4. Speaker Connections

Depending on the type and number of speakers used with the amplifier, wire them to the speaker terminals as per the appropriate wiring diagram. For most applications, #18 gauge wire should be used for the speaker leads but in no case thinner than #20 gauge. For leads in excess of 10 feet, #16 gauge is recommended. When wiring the speakers, pay careful attention to the polarity of the terminals on the speakers and make certain they correspond to the polarity of the corresponding terminals on the amplifier. DO NOT ground any speaker leads to the chassis of the vehicle.

5. Input Connections

This amplifier features both high and low-level input capability. Use either the low-level or high-level inputs, not both. If low-level outputs are provided from the car stereo, it is recommended that the low-level inputs be used for lowest distortion and best performance. Use good quality shielded audio cables with RCA plugs at both ends to connect the stereo to the amplifier and keep the cable lengths to a minimum to avoid noise. If the car stereo does not provide low-level outputs, the amplifier may be connected via the speaker (high-level) outputs from the stereo. Wire the speaker leads from the car stereo to the 5-pin adaptor harnesses as shown in the diagram (shielded cable is not required for this application) and plug the connectors into the mating High-Level Input socket on the amplifier. Carefully splice and insulate all wire connections.

CAUTION: Use either the low-level or the high-level inputs on the amplifier. DO NOT use both input levels at the same time.

INPUT WIRING DIAGRAM

CAR STEREO
Gray Brown Black Green White
RCA TYPE SHIELDED EXTENSION CABLES (NOT INCLUDED)
HIGH-LEVEL (SPEAKER) INPUT (WIRE SIDE VIEW)

IMPORTANT

LOW-LEVEL INPUT
USE EITHER HIGH-LEVEL OR LOW-LEVEL INPUT, NOT BOTH.

HI-INPUT

L+ L GND R R+

WARNING!

NEVER COMBINE (BRIDGE ) OUTPUTS FOR USE WITH 2 SPEAKER. NEVER GROUND NEGATIVE SPEAKER LEADS TO CHASSIS GROUND. FAILURE TO WIRE CORRECTLY MAY CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE AMPLIFIER.

OUTPUT WIRING DIAGRAM

EXISTING SCREW OR BOLT CLEAN PAINT, RUST, DIRT OR GREASE FROM AREA FOR GOOD CONNECTION.
GROUND METAL SECTION OF VEHICLE

RIGHT SPEAKER

GROUND

USE # 16 GAUGE WIRE

CAR STEREO BATTERY
FOR 12 VOLT USE ONLY AUTO-ANTENNA LEAD

LEFT SPEAKER

OPERATION

2 Level (Gain) Controls

The amplifier is capable of operating from sources supplying a wide range of input levels. The Level controls should initially be set to the mid-rotation position. If it is found that there is not enough output even when the volume control on the car stereo is at its maximum setting, adjust the Level control to increase the output from the system.If, however, there is still output from the amplifier when the car stereo volume control is at its minimum setting, orthe output level increases too fast with a small rotation ofthe volume control, adjust the Level control to decrease the output from the system. Once the correct setting is found, these controls should not require any further adjustment.

R+ R GND

After initial set-up, the amplifier should not require any further adjustment unless there is a change in the car stereo or speaker system with which it is used.

3 Fuses

The circuitry of the amplifier is protected from damage by an automotive-type fast-blow fuse. If fuse replacement is necessary, use only fuses of the of the same ampere rating as originally supplied with the unit. The use of fuses with incorrect ratings may cause serious damage to the amplifier. If fuses blow consistently, carefully check all electrical connections to the unit.

1 Power Indicator Lamps

The Power Indicator Lamps will light to indicate that the unit is connected to the battery and that the Remote Turn-On terminal is receiving +12 volts, thus turning on the amplifier.

90 DAY/12MONTH LIMITED WARRANTY
Applies to car stereo power amplifiers, equalizers and accessories.
AUDIOVOX CORPORATION (the Company) warrants to the original retail purchaser of this product that should this product or any part thereof, under normal use and conditions, be proven defective in material or workmanship within 90 days from the date of original purchase, such defect(s) will be repaired or replaced with new or reconditioned product (at the Company's option) without charge for parts and repair labor. After the initial 90 day period and for a period of 12 months from the date of original purchase, the Company will supply at no charge a replacement for any defective part(s) but will charge for the labor to repair the product. To obtain repair or replacement within the terms of this Warranty, the product is to be delivered with proof of warranty coverage (e.g. dated bill of sale), specification of defect(s), transportation prepaid, to an approved warranty station or the Company at the address shown below. This Warranty does not extend to the elimination of externally generated static or noise, to correction of antenna problems, to costs incurred for installation, removal or reinstallation of the product, or damage to tapes, compact discs speakers, accessories, or vehicle electrical systems. This Warranty does not apply to any product or part thereof which, in the opinion of the Company, suffered or has been damaged through alteration, improper installation, mishandling, misuse, neglect, or accident, or by removal or defacement of the factory serial number/bar code label(s). THE EXTENT OF THE COMPANY'S LIABILITY UNDER THIS WARRANTY IS LIMITED TO THE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT PROVIDED ABOVE AND, IN NO EVENT, SHALL THE COMPANY'S LIABILITY EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID BY PURCHASER FOR THE PRODUCT. This Warranty is in lieu of all other express warranties or liabilities. ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE DURATION OF THIS WRITTEN WARRANTY ANY ACTION FOR BREACH OF ANY ,. WARRANTY HEREUNDER INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY MUST BE BROUGHT WITHIN A PERIOD OF 30 MONTHS FROM DATE OF ORIGINAL PURCHASE. IN NO CASE SHALL THE COMPANY BE LIABLE FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF THIS OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WHATSOEVER. No person or representative is authorized to assume for the Company any liability other than expressed herein in connection with the sale of this product. Some states do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts or the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damage so the above limitations or exclusion may not apply to you. This Warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. U.S.A. CANADA : : AUDIOVOX CORPORATION, 150 MARCUS BLVD., HAUPPAUGE, NEW YORK 11788 1-800-645-4994 CALL 1-800-645-4994 FOR LOCATION OF WARRANTY STATION SERVING YOUR AREA

128-5422A

2003 Audiovox Electronics Corporation, Hauppauge, N.Y.

Printed in Korea

128-6564

Research ARTICLE

English walnut rootstocks help avoid blackline disease, but produce less than Paradox hybrid
Joseph A. Grant Gale H. McGranahan
While Paradox hybrid seedlings are often the rootstocks of choice for California walnut orchards, there is a resurgence of interest in using English walnut seedlings because walnut blackline disease, which is endemic in many California walnut production districts, does not affect them. We compared the growth and productivity of walnuts on English rootstocks from a variety of sources to those on Paradox rootstock. The growth and productivity of Chandler walnut trees were similar among trees on seedling English rootstocks in one trial, but trees on English rootstocks were smaller and had lower production than Paradox hybridrooted trees in the other.
alifornias first walnut trees and orchards were planted during the Spanish mission period (around 1800), using seedlings of early varieties of Persian or English walnut (Juglans regia) chosen for their superior growth and nut quality. Since the 1890s, walnut trees in California have been propagated by grafting or budding desired cultivars onto rootstocks chosen for their adaptation to different physical, chemical or biological soil conditions at individual orchard sites. From the early to mid20th century, seedlings of Northern California black walnut (Juglans hindsii) were used as rootstocks because they grew vigorously and were more tolerant of saline and saturated soil and more resistant to soil-borne pests than English walnut seedlings. Since the 1950s, Paradox hybrid seedlings have supplanted black and English walnut as rootstocks of choice for California orchards, though black walnut (J. hindsii and others) is still
Blackline-infected trees on, above left, black walnut, and, above right, Paradox rootstocks are slowly girdled by the death of rootstock tissue at the graft union. Top, over time, walnut trees with blackline decline in vigor, leading to dieback of branches and, ultimately, death of the tree. Trees on English rootstocks develop no graft union symptoms and escape the debilitating effects of blackline infection.
used occasionally. Paradox seedlings are hybrids of black and English walnuts, and the rootstocks are grown by nurseries using seed nuts collected from black walnut trees, particularly J. hindsii (Potter et al. 2002) pollinated by English walnut pollen. Paradox-rooted trees grow more vig-
orously than those on black or English walnut rootstocks, are more resistant to Phythophthora root and crown rot disease, and are more tolerant of lesion nematode (Pratylenchus vulnus), both of which are widely distributed and problematic in California orchards (Browne et al. 1977; McGranahan and Catlin 1987;
http://CaliforniaAgriculture.ucop.edu OctoberDecember 2005 249

John M. Mircetich

TABLE 1. English seedling rootstocks used in the study came from a variety of commercial nursery sources Seedling rootstock Site 1 Eureka Manregian Spanish Ronde de Montignac Corne Site 2 Paradox Carpathian Russian Waterloo Sunland Eureka Chandler Source Visalia, Calif. Davis, Calif. Tarragona, Spain France France Modesto, Calif. Loomis, Wash. Loomis, Wash. Modesto, Calif. Modesto, Calif. Gridley, Calif. Modesto, Calif.
Serr and Rizzi 1964). Because of their generally poor performance, both in controlled experiments and limited commercial orchard use, English seedlings are now used only occasionally as walnut rootstocks in California. The recent resurgence of interest in using English walnut seedlings as rootstocks in California is a result of the discovery in the 1970s that walnut blackline disease, caused by cherry leafroll virus (CLRV), was endemic in many California walnut production districts. CLRV infection kills tissue at the graft union of trees grown on black walnut and Paradox rootstocks, but not those on English walnut rootstock because it is naturally tolerant of CLRV. This reaction gradually girdles and kills black walnut and Paradox-rooted trees (Mircetich et al. 1980; Mircetich and Rowhani 1984). There is some evidence from Europe of adverse impacts due to systemic CLRV infection on the growth of English-rooted trees (Mircetich et al. 1998). But these effects are not as well documented as other disadvantages of this rootstock and, thus, are not considered detrimental enough to preclude its use where otherwise indicated. Seedlings of Manregian and Eureka English walnuts have been available to California growers for many years. In the 1980s, commercial nurseries began offering seedlings from a variety of other English walnut sources in response to renewed interest stimulated by the discovery and prevalence of blackline disease. We undertook this study to compare the orchard performance of seedlings from some of these

Fig. 1. Average trunk diameter (top) and nut production (bottom) of experimental trees at site 1 (left) and site 2 (right). Columns headed by common letters indicate cumulative yields that are not significantly different (Fishers protected LSD, P 0.05).
English walnut sources as rootstocks for walnuts in California. The identification of a source of English walnut with superior vigor, productivity and pest tolerance could provide walnut growers in areas of high CLRV incidence with an acceptable alternative to the hypersensitive rootstocks currently in use. Rootstock trials Two trials were established in a commercial walnut orchard near Linden in San Joaquin County. Soil at both test sites was Archerdale clay loam. The trials were in 12-feet-by-24-feet high-density hedgerow plantings, which were sprinkler-irrigated. Formerly planted to walnuts, both sites were fumigated with methyl bromide prior to planting. Site 1 was planted in 1989 and consisted of three rows of Chandler trees that had been nursery-grafted on English walnut seedlings from Manregian and Eureka from California, Ronde de Montignac and Corne from France, and a source collected from Tarragona, Spain. Experimental plots were within pollenizer rows planted every eighth row in a Vina orchard (table 1). Site 2 was planted in 1994 and included seedlings from Eureka, Waterloo, Chandler and Sunland provided by a California nursery, two English walnut sources named Russian and Carpathian by their respective
suppliers (McGranahan and Leslie 1990), and Paradox hybrid seedlings from a California nursery. Experimental plots were in five alternate rows in a solid Chandler planting. The trials at both sites were configured as randomized complete block designs, with three 5-tree plots at site 1 and five 8-tree plots at site 2. Trees for both sites were nursery-propagated and planted as grafted 2-year-old trees. Nursery seedlings for both sites were tested for CLRV, and infected trees were discarded to prevent the introduction of blackline virus disease to the test orchard. Tree growth was evaluated at both sites by annual trunk-diameter measurements made 12 inches above the graft union. Yield (in-shell, 8% wet basis moisture) was measured at site 1 in 1993, 1995, 1997 and 2003, and at site 2 in annually from 1997 through 2003. Growth and yield data from the experimental plots were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Fishers protected LSD for mean separation. Tree growth and productivity At site 1, there were no significant differences among English-rooted trees in annual trunk diameter or nut production (fig. 1). Similarly, at site 2, English-rooted trees from all sources were similar in trunk diameter during most of the study years (1995

CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE VOLUME 59, NUMBER 4
through 1998, and 2001 through 2003) (fig. 1). The only significant difference in trunk diameter recorded among English-rooted trees was in 1999 and 2000 at site 2, when trees on Chandler seedlings were smaller than those on Waterloo seedlings. In contrast, trees on Paradox seedlings had significantly larger trunk diameters than those on any of the English rootstocks from 1996 through 2003. Individual year yields at site 2 were not significantly different among rootstocks in 1997, 1999 or 2003. Paradoxrooted trees had significantly greater yields than trees on all English rootstock sources in 2000 and 2001, and all but those on Carpathian seedlings in 1998 and Russian and Carpathian seedlings in 2002. Individual year yields were similar among English sources except for in 2000 and 2001, when Chandler-rooted trees had significantly lower yields than Carpathian-rooted trees, and in 2002, when Chandlerrooted trees yielded less than Russianrooted trees. Cumulative yield (1997 through 2003) at site 2 was greater for Paradoxrooted trees than for those rooted on any English seedling source. The cumulative yield of Chandler-rooted trees was less than that of all other English sources except Eureka. We attribute the generally greater yields of Paradox-rooted trees and lower yields of Chandler-rooted trees to differences in tree growth and size on these rootstocks, since yield efficiency was similar among rootstocks between 1998 and 2003 (data not shown). Planning a new orchard Our results show that most English rootstock seedling sources produced trees with similar growth and nut production. The exception was Chandler, which produced generally smaller and less-productive trees than the other sources at site 2. Walnut growers wishing to plant orchards on English rootstocks should avoid the use of Chandler seedlings. No English seedling source tested at site 2 produced trees with growth and productivity as high as those of Paradox hybrids. Therefore, walnut growers needing blackline tolerance will likely incur some loss in early orchard growth
Walnut blackline disease, caused by cherry leafroll virus, is endemic in many California walnut-producing districts. This has spurred renewed interest in using English walnut seedlings as rootstocks.
and nut production as a result of planting English seedling rootstocks. However, it remains to be determined in this trial as well as in commercial practice whether the growth and yield advantages of Paradox-rooted trees will be outweighed by the potentially longer life of English-rooted trees, since blackline incidence increases over the life of the orchard. In addition, because English-rooted trees are still considered more susceptible to Phytophthora root and crown rot, and to damage by lesion nematode, growers must carefully evaluate all the ramifications of their rootstock choice when planning a new orchard. J.A. Grant is Farm Advisor, UC Cooperative Extension, San Joaquin County; and G.H. McGranahan is Pomologist, Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis. The authors thank walnut grower Jim Ferrari of Linden for hosting these trials and the California Walnut Marketing Board for supporting them. References

Browne LT, Brown LC, Ramos DE. 1977. Walnut rootstocks compared. Cal Ag 31(7):145. McGranahan GH, Catlin PB. 1987. Juglans rootstocks. In: Rom RC, Carlson RF (eds.). Rootstocks for Fruit Crops. New York: Wiley. p 41150. McGranahan GH, Leslie C. 1990. Walnuts (Juglans L.). In: Moore JN, Ballington JR (eds.). Genetic Resources of Temperate Fruit & Nut Crops. Acta Hort 290(2). Int Soc Hort Sci, Wageningen. p 90751. Mircetich SM, Rowhani A. 1984. The relationship of cherry leafroll virus and blackline disease of English walnut trees. Phytopath 74:4238. Mircetich SM, Rowhani A, Civerolo EL, Ramos DE. 1998. Blackline disease. In: Ramos DE (ed.). Walnut Orchard Management. UC ANR Pub 3373, Oakland, CA. p 23341. Mircetich SM, Sanborn RR, Ramos DE. 1980. Natural spread, graft transmission and possible etiology of walnut blackline disease. Phytopath 70:9628. Potter D, Fangyou G, Baggett S, et al. 2002. Defining the sources of Paradox: DNA sequence markers for North American walnut (Juglans L.) species and hybrids. Scientia Horticulturae 94:15770. Serr EF, Rizzi AD. 1964. Walnut Rootstocks. Univ Calif Agri Ext Serv Pub AXT 120.
Careful rootstock selection can help to prevent blackline infection. Above, healthy walnut trees on English rootstock (variety Chandler) in an orchard near Linden.
http://CaliforniaAgriculture.ucop.edu OctoberDecember 2005 251