Phd research project

Supervisors
Dr Audine Subias (Supervisor) Dr Yannick Pencol (Co-Supervisor) DISCO team, CNRS-LAAS, University of Toulouse. (audine.subias@laas.fr, yannick.pencole@laas.fr) Phd school: EDSYS

Title of the project

Time analysis for improving the diagnosability of discrete-event systems

Summary

Nowadays, the design of a tool to diagnose faults or failures in a system must take place during the design of the system itself as the latter gets more and more complex. Previous research works tend to characterise and analyse properties the system shoud have to make the diagnostic tool efficient on-line to monitor and isolate the faults of the system: among these properties, diagnosability is the most studied one. Diagnosability is closely related to the capability of the monitoring to record observations which are necessary to determine the failure causes within the system with certainty. In case of dynamic systems, diagnosability analysis usually consists in analysing, off-line, the system trajectories with respect to their observability to determine whether the corresponding diagnostic tool will be able to diagnose the faults online. The aim of this project is to improve the classical characterisation of diagnosability for a discreteevent system (DES) by taking into account the notion of finite durations between the occurrence of two events (extension to timed discrete-event systems (TDES)). By introducing time, the objective is to determine whether durations between events must be taken into account by the diagnostic tool to provide a better diagnosis. In this project, the objective of the PhD candidate will have to define, characterise and provide a method to formally analyse the diagnosability of a TDES that can be modelled for instance with time Petri nets. In a TDES, nominal behaviours, as well as faulty behaviours, are defined as a set of trajectories that match a temporal specification (durations between two events of the trajectory). By introducing time intervals between two events, the state-space associated to the set of possible trajectories is usually infinite. In order to perform any diagnosability analysis, it is then necessary to use an abstraction of this state-space.

References

[Bouyer et al05] P. Bouyer, F. Chevalier, DSouza, Deepak (2005) Fault Diagnosis Using Timed Automata. In: 8th International Conference, FOSSACS 2005, April 4-8, 2005., Edinburgh, UK. [Jron 06] T. Jron, H. Marchand, S. Pinchinat, M-O. Cordier, Supervision Patterns in Discrete Event Systems Diagnosis, in Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, WODES'06, Ann-Arbor (MI, USA), 2006. [Pan&Hastrudi-Zad 2006] J. Pan, S. Hashtrudi-Zad, Diagnosability Test for Timed Discrete-Event Systems, Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artficial Intelligence (ICTAI'06), Nov. 13-15, 2006, Washington D.C., USA. [Pencol&Subias10] Y.Pencol, A. Subias, A chronicle-based diagnosability approach for discrete timedevent systems: application to Web-Services Journal of Universal Computer Science, vol. 15, no. 17 (2009), 3246-3272.

AS 3066 AS 3126 AS 3246

AMPLIFICATEURS MLANGEURS, 6 Entres 60W - 120W - 240W 60W - 120W - 240W MIXER AMPLIFIERS 6 inputs

I - DESCRIPTION

Les AS 3066, AS 3126 et AS 3246 sont des amplificateurs mlangeurs de 60W, 120W et 240W six entres. Cinq de ses 6 entres sont commutables en MIC ou en AUX. La sixime peut recevoir une source auxiliaire stro ou mono. Huit modes de priorit configurables permettent de grer les entres. Un carillon deux tons peut tre attribu aux 3 premires entres. Ils possdent les fonctions : Noise gate Sortie 0dB - Prises dinsertion. Ces appareils 2U et 3U 19 (Fig. I) sont utilisables sur le secteur 230V et peuvent tre intgrs dans une baie en utilisant les poignes AZ7ou AZ8, en option (Fig. II).
The AS 3066, AS 3126 et AS 3246 are mixer amplifiers of respectively 60W, 120W and 240W with six inputs. Five of them may be individually set to AUX or MIC. The sixth input is intended to be connected to a stereo or mono AUX source. Input priorities may be selected among eight modes. A two-tone chime is provided for inputs 1 to 3. They have the functins : Noise gate - Sortie 0dB - Prises dinsertion. These mixer amplifiers are power supplied to 230V mains and can be mounted in a 19 rack by using handles AZ7 or AZ8 (optional) (Fig. II).

AS 3066 - AS 3126

345 mm 425 mm

AS 3246

135 mm
II - CARACTRISTIQUES TECHNIQUES
Puissances de sortie AS 3066.. 60W RMS AS 3126.. 120W RMS AS 3246.. 240W RMS Distorsion. < 1% 1kHz Bande passante (-3dB). 65 - Hz (entre AUX) Correction de tonalit Graves.. 7dB 100 Hz Aigus.. 8dB 10 kHz Rapport signal/bruit.. >80dB Entres - 5 entres symtriques.Mic -60dB (alimentation fantme) ou Aux -10dB - 1 entre double asymtrique.. -10dB Carillon.. 2 tons Prise insertion.. 0 dB Sorties Ligne.. 0 dB symtrique 100V (AS 3066). 166 100V (AS 3126).. 83 100V (AS 3246).. 42 Alimentation Secteur. 230V - 50/60 Hz avec terre Consommation AS 3066.. 190 VA AS 3126.. 390 VA AS 3246.. 770 VA Dimensions.. (Fig. I) Poids.. 8 - 9 - 12 kg Option. Poignes AZ7ou AZ8 (Fig.II)
II - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Output powers AS 3066.. 60W RMS AS 3126.. 120W RMS AS 3246.. 240W RMS Distortion.. < 1% at 1kHz Bandwidth (-3dB). 65 - Hz (AUX input) Tone corrector Bass.. 7dB at 100 Hz Treble.. 8dB at 10 kHz Signal to noise ratio.. >80dB Inputs - 5 balanced input.Mic -60dB (Phantom power supply) or Aux -10dB - 1 dual unbalanced input. -10dB Chime.. 2 tones Insertion socket.. 0 dB Outputs Line... 0 dB balanced 100V (AS 3066). 166 100V (AS 3126).. 83 100V (AS 3246).. 42 Power supply Mains. 230V - 50/60 Hz with earth Consumption AS 3066.. 190 VA AS 3126.. 390 VA AS 3246.. 770 VA Dimensions.. (Fig. I) Weight.. 8 - 9 - 12 kg Optional. AZ7 or AZ8 handles set (Fig.II)

Fig. I

AZ 7 /AZ 8 - Jeux de poignes Handles set AZ 7 / AZ 8

Fig. II

480 avenue de Paris 82000 MONTAUBAN FRANCE Tl : 33 (0)82* (*0,34 la minute TTC) Fax : 33 (0)26 http://www.bouyer.com

Code - 10/05

Ce document n'est pas contractuel; toute modification pouvant intervenir sans pravis / This document is not legally binding, we reserve the right to modify descriptions and specifications without notice.

III - PRESENTATION

A l'avant (Fig. III) 9 Interrupteur de mise sous tension Grille de ventilation Voyant lumineux de fonctionnement Voyant lumineux de modulation Voyant lumineux de temprature excessive Bouton de rglage tonalit grave Bouton de rglage tonalit aigu Rglage du volume carillon Boutons de rglage volume des entres

Mains Connection The unit is supplied for use with 230V with earth.
Loudspeaker connection Connect the loudspeaker line to the output 20 (Fig. IV). Always ensure that the total loudspeaker load does not exceed the maximum power of the amplifier (60W, 120W or 240W). Check that loudspeakers are connected in phase. Advice on the choice and orientation of loudspeakers can be found in the guide Sound Advice.
AS 3066 - AS 3126 - AS 3246
Branchement des sources de modulation Les prises DIN 12 de sont des entres symtriques programmables en AUX ou MIC grce aux inverseurs de 11 (Fig. IV). AUX ________________________ Position haute des inverseurs MIC __________________________ Position basse des inverseurs En position MIC, une alimentation fantme est disponible en permanence (Norme Din 45596). Les 2 entres Cinch 13 sont des entres auxiliaires pour une source stro gauche-droite ou une entre mono.
Modulation sources connection 12 and 11 DIN sockets 1 to 5 are balanced inputs. They may be set to AUX or MIC thanks to switches 1 to 5. AUX ______________________________________Upper position MIC ______________________________________Lower position In MIC position, phantom power supply is always available (DIN standard 45 596). The two Cinch (RCA) sockets 13 allow to connect a stereo or mono AUX input.

V - UTILISATION

Modes priorit - entres 8 configurations de priorit sont disponibles. Pour slectionner la configuration choisie, voir tableau ci-dessous, utiliser les inverseurs 4-5 et (Fig. IV). REMARQUE ! Pour le fonctionnement en mode priorit, les sources doivent dlivrer une tlcommande - contact entre 2 et 4 de la prise DIN. Si tel nest pas le cas, par exemple pour un lecteur CD, le connecter en entre 4 ou 5 ou 6 et configurer selon la ligne 5 du tableau. Lentre 6 fonctionne toujours sans tlcommande.

V - USE

Priority mode - 1 to 6 inputs 8 priority mode configurations are available. To select the desired configuration, see the board below, and use switches 4, 5 and (Fig.IV). NOTE ! To use in priority mode, the sources must use a remote control connection between DIN sockets 2 and 4. If this is not the case, for example for a CD reader, to connect to input 4 or 5 or 6 and config according to line 5 of the table. Input 6 always works without a remote control.

Priorit

Inverseur 15 (Fig. IV)

Priority

Switch 15 (Fig. IV)
6 entres en mlange sans tlcommande ____ 5 entres en mlange avec tlcommande E6 __ E1 > E2 > E3 > E4 > E5 > E6 E1 > E2 + E3 + E4 + E5 + E6 __________________ E1 > E2 > E3 + E4 + E5 + E6 __________________ E1 > E2 # E3 > E4 + E5 + E6 __________________ E1 > E2 # E3 # E4 # E5 > E6__________________ E1 # E2 # E3 # E4 # E5 > E6 ________________
6 mixing inputs with remote control __________ 5 mixing inputs without remote control E6 ____ E1 > E2 > E3 > E4 > E5 > E6 __________________ E1 > E2 + E3 + E4 + E5 + E6 __________________ E1 > E2 > E3 + E4 + E5 + E6 __________________ E1 > E2 # E3 > E4 + E5 + E6 __________________ E1 > E2 # E3 # E4 # E5 > E6__________________ E1 # E2 # E3 # E4 # E5 > E6 ________________
Signification des symboles :
E1 + E2 : E1 en mlange avec E2 E1 > E2 : E1 prioritaire sur E2 E1 # E2 : Priorit au premier appelant E4 E5 : E4 et E5 fonctionnent sans tlcommande

Symbols :

E1 + E2 : E1 in mixing with E2 E1 > E2 : E1 taken priority over E2 E1 # E2 : First speaking priority E4 E5 : E4 and E5 operates without remote control
Carillon - entres 1-2-3 Sur les entres 1,2 et 3, les messages dannonce peuvent tre prcd dun carillon 2 tons. Ce carillon est dclench par la tlcommande (4 et 2 de la prise DIN) de chaque entre. Pour valider ce carillon sur chacune des entres 1,2 et 3, basculer vers le bas linverseur correspondant 1-2 et (Fig. IV). Le volume est rglable en face avant 8 (Fig. III). Le carillon ne fonctionne pas avec la configuration de la ligne 1 du tableau de priorit. Prises dinsertion Les prises Cinch IN ET OUT 16 et 17 (Fig. IV) permettent dinsrer un appareil, par exemple un qualiseur, dans la chane damplification. Dans ce cas linverseur (Fig. IV) doit tre bascul vers le haut (ouvert). ATTENTION ! Si les prises dinsertion ne sont pas utlises, linverseur 8 doit tre bascul vers le bas, sinon pas de signal en sortie. Linverseur n7 est inactif 15 (Fig. IV). Noise-gate Lappareil est pourvu dune fonction Noise-gate qui rduit le bruit de fond sur les haut-parleurs en labsence de signal de modulation. Cette fonction peut tre supprime en basculant vers le bas, linverseur (Fig. IV). Il est parfois ncessaire de supprimer la fonction Noise-gate, par exemple pour des prises de son avec des microphones loigns.
Chime - 1-2-3 inputs For inputs 1, 2 and 3 announcements may be preceded by a twotone chime. This chime is activated by the remote control (DIN sockets 4 and 2) for each input. To validate the chime on each of inputs 1, 2 and 3 set the corresponding number of switches 1, 2 and 3 (Fig. IV) to the down position. The volume is adjustable from the front of the amplifier 8 (Fig. III). Chime does not function with line 1 configuration of the priority board. Insertion Cinches The insertion cinches IN and OUT 16 and 17 (Fig.IV) allow the addition of other equipment into the amplification chain, for example an equaliser. In this case, switch (Fig. IV) must be set to the up position (on). WARNING ! If the insertion cinches are not used, switch 8 must be set to the down position, otherwise there will be no output signal. Switch number 7 is inactive 15 (Fig. IV). Noise-gate The amplifier is provided with a Noise-gate function, which reduces background noise in the loudspeakers in the absence of a modulation signal. This function can be switched off by setting switch 6 to the down position 11 (Fig. IV). It is sometimes necessary to switch off the Noise-gate function, for example for sound sockets with remote microphones.

En cas dutilisation avec dautres appareils relis la terre, il est conseill de pousser linverseur 18 (Fig. IV) vers la gauche pour viter des ronflements ds aux boucles de masse.
When using with earthed equipments, it is recommended to push to the left the switch 18 (Fig. IV) in order to avoid ground loop.

VI - PROTECTION

Surcharge
Lamplificateur est protg contre les surcharges ou court-circuit en sortie. Si le dfaut persiste un chauffement peut produire une coupure de la modulation. Le voyant 5 (Fig. III) sallume. Le ventilateur se met en service lorsque la temprature atteint 65. Si cette temprature atteint 85 la modulation se coupe, le voyant 5 sallume. Vrifier dans ce cas que la grille de ventilation nest pas obstrue.
Overload The amplifier is protected against short circuits and overload. If an overheating condition occurs, the signal is muted. The indicator 5 (Fig. III) switches On. Overheat The ventilator of radiators switch on when temperature reach 65. If the temperature exceed 85 modulation is cutted, the indicator 5 switches On. In this case, check that ventilation grille is not obturated.

Surchauffe

VII - MONTAGE EN RACK
Pour quiper un appareil du jeu de poignes AZ 7 ou AZ 8, commencer par ter chaque bute 1 et le cache latral 2 (Fig. V et VI) qui sont fixs par les mmes vis cruciformes. Installer les poignes en les glissant la place des caches latraux (Fig. VII), puis placer et serrer les vis frontales et latrales 3 et 4 (Fig. VII et VIII).

VII - RACK MOUNTING

To fit the AZ 7 or AZ 8 handles onto the AS, first remove the button-protection blocks 1 and the side plates 2 (Fig. V and VI) which are held in place by the same screws. Use Philips type screwdriver. Slide the handle brackets into the housings which hold the side plates. Replace the front screws 3 and 4 and side screws and tighten them (Fig. VII and VIII).

Fig. V

Fig. VI

Fig. VII

Fig. VIII

VIII - MAINTENANCE

En cas de panne : Vrifier ltat du fusible et le remplacer si besoin par un fusible de mmes caractristiques tel quindiqu sur lappareil. Attendre que lappareil refroidisse pour sassurer que la panne nest pas due la protection thermique. Sinon retourner lappareil lusine, ou faire appel un dpanneur professionnel.
In case of failure : Check the status of the fuse and replace them if needed by fuse with the same caracteristics as those indicated on the product. Wait until the product has cooled off, to be sure that the failure is not caused by the thermal relay. Otherwise the product has to be sent back to the factory or repaired by a recognised dealer.