Page I left the field office at approximately 4:30 p.m., traveled to the Academy. Big Branch Mines. We probably left the Academy between 5:30 and 6:00 and traveled to Upper I drove the team truck and Mike And Mike Shumate Hicks drove the command vehicle.
returned to his duty station, which was Mount Hope Field Office, to pick up his government vehicle to take to the mine site. site. And we met Mike at the mine We probably arrived at the mine site at
approximately 7:00 p.m. that evening. Q. Who did you report to when you arrived that night? A. We got there. There was a lot of confusion going I on and I asked and I went straight to the command center to let em know that wed arrived there. District 4, and told Link that we had arrived. And at that time Link proceeded to tell me that he wanted one guy to go under inside the mines with an apparatus and we would be accompanied by Fred Wills. And I told Link at that time that there would be two of us going underground to the mine rescue, one to work inby, one for backup, and if he wanted to send Fred, he could send Fred. At that point in time he told me to get me and somebody else. I told him I was going underground, I talked to Link Selfe, which is another ADM for the
Page could take one more person. would go underground. So at that time we decided to take --- itd be myself and Mike Hicks And Mike Shumate would remain on the surface and set up our training --- I mean our team truck when he got a chance to --- for us to make room for us to put our team truck up. So at that point in time he said, go ahead, get ready to go underground. So I returned to the team truck, informed Mike Hicks that him and myself would be going underground and for Mike to try to set up our vehicle. At that time, Mike Shumate benched the apparatuses for Mike --- Mike Hicks and myself while we got ready to go underground. Q. Is Mike Shumate trained as an MEU member? A. Yes, he is. A. Yes, he is. Q. And you said Fred --- I forgot his last name. A. Fred Wills is a supervisor out of the Mount Carbon Field Office for District 4. Q. Is Fred trained as an MEU member? A. No, hes not trained as an MEU member. Q. Okay. A. I went in the command center. Q. And, like, who was in there when you went in, if No. Did you actually go in the command center? Hes a MEU person. Q. Is Mike Hicks trained as an MEU person?

describe this time that you went underground and, you know, where you entered and how you proceeded underground. And if you need a marker to map, to mark on the map, thats fine, but if you dont mind? A. This mines has three ways you can get into the mines. Youve got the North Portals, the South Portals and the Ellis Portal, which is over here
Page (indicating). Portals. We went in, we proceeded in the North We traveled the track from the North Portals I
up to the Ellis, what we call the Ellis Switch, which is located in this area here that is --- I cant. dont know if its adjacent to the parallel ---. Thats where we traveled into the mines. Q. Okay. When you say you traveled into the mines, When we went did you walk or did you ---? A. No, we traveled on battery mantrips. rescue teams. underground, there was Mike Hicks, myself and two mine At that point in time I dont know what I know they just had --- we had two After we teams they were.
teams that was going underground with us.
got inside, I think we had a --- I think there was an Eastern Kentucky Massey team with us and they was another Massey team. of it. And still at this time we didnt know we had a mine rescue ---. I didnt know that they had a mine I think when we got ready to rescue team underground. I cant offhand recall the name
go under, we was informed that they had the Massey team from --- I think its the Southern Massey team that was underground at this time, which is based out of the Beckley area. They were already underground. But we didnt know that until we got ready to go
Page underground. underground. Q. Well, when you initially traveled underground, was there more than one manbus that was making that run? A. It was two manbuses. Q. And thats where all these team members were? A. Yes, we had two manbuses going under. team, the other one had the other team. come up to the Ellis switch. One had one And like I They said that we had one team already
said, we proceeded to go from the North Portals and we And then we took the Ellis Switch and went out to whats labeled as the Number Four North belt, that area back in toward the --- back in toward the --- along the North --- Five North belt, Number 78, thereabouts where we had a fresh air base set up, where they had a fresh air --where the Massey team had a fresh air base set up. Q. Did you guys have to move anything off the track in order for the trip to get that far? A. No, we didnt. Q. Where did you actually see the first sign of damage? A. You know, Mike had --- Mike had started ---. was sitting on the side of the bus that if youre looking at the bus, hes sitting on the left side of the bus, Im sitting on the right side of the bus. Mike

Page yeah. here? And I said, well, how many guys you got in He says, Ive got six or seven. I said, where And I I He said, well, theyre inby.

are they at?

said, wheres the backup? said, youre the backup?

He said, Im the backup.

And I seen two apparatuses setting in the fresh air base. guys? And I said, wheres the backup for these He said, theyre He said, theyre And I said, you I said, what are they doing?
in there doing --- theyre inby. dont even know where theyre at? inby.
At that point, another guy showed up and, again, I dont know who this guy was. Massey mine rescue team. Ive worked with the Neither one of these two
guys is on the Massey mine rescue team. Q. Where did the second guy come from, inby or outby? A. He come back --- he come from inby. walking down the track inby. Q. Did he have apparatus with him? A. No. No, he did not. And at that point in time, And I somebody said --- some of the guys at the fresh air base mustve known him and called him Jason. didnt know who was on the phone. And at that time I said, look, let me tell you again, at that time I didnt know who Jason was. He come back
Page something. I said, the way we going to work this is were going to have backup at the fresh air base and were going to go inby and explore, but were going to have backup at the fresh air base. And he said, well, theyre up there moving the fresh air base up. And I said --- then I seen another guy come out at that time. again. I cant --- I dont even know who it was And we had brought And I told the guy, I And I dont know his name.
communication wire in with us.
said, well, this is the way its going to work. do this and do that. and start looking.
he said, well, the command center wants us to go and He said, they want us to go inby And I said, well, Im going to And
tell you, we go inby and were going to look, but were going to have backup at the fresh air base. he said, thats not what the command center wants. And I said, well, thats what were going to do. And this Jason goes over and gets on the phone. And at that point in time he tells me, he said, the command center wants to talk to you. And I said, I Im going I aint got time to talk to command center.
to take these guys and were going to set up a fresh air base and were going to look for these men. said, Im not wasting my time talking to command center at this time.

Page didnt know they didnt have an apparatus. base was theirs, but they werent. the team members. Q. Okay. Do you know, like, about what time it is that you actually arrived at that fresh air base, that first one at Crosscut 78? A. Clete, I dont really ---. Like I said, we started in about eight oclock and they roughly said it took almost an --- I guess 45 minutes to an hour to get in underground. I never did put a clock on it, so Im assuming it was between 8:30 and 9:00 when we got to this fresh air base. Q. So you didnt make any stops along the way? A. No, we didnt. We went in and we had clear road all the way to the fresh air base. Q. So you were saying that you and your team assisted in moving the fresh air base inby about a thousand feet up to where the Mother Belt begins? A. In that area, yes, sir. Q. Okay. A. I think we was probably at a break or so outby the Mother Belt, because we looked inby and they was three or four of the team members located in that area that --- on the Massey team that was already underground. I just assumed the two apparatuses sitting in the fresh air They was two of
Page And we proceeded up to them and talked with them. we could have 12 mine rescue team members here. base. We And they --- at that point in time I said, we have 12 --can have six go inby and six wait at the fresh air And I said we can --- if you want to go both And they said, no, directions, we can send three toward the longwall and three toward the other section. were going to the longwall. And I said, if youre
going to the longwall, Im going to the longwall. So at that point in time, they was six of us that advanced up to the longwall. That was myself, Danny Cook, which is a State inspector, and four team members from the Massey team, Rob Asbury, Shane McPherson, Mark Bolen and Jim --- I cant think of Jims last name, Rednick or Rivnick or something. at the fresh air base. Q. What route did you take to get from that fresh air base to the longwall? A. We started up the --- I guess this is whats called the Mother Belt from the longwall. Headgate One North beltline. Q. Unfold this, please. A. This was labeled Headgate One North beltline. Thats the beltline we traveled to the longwall. Itd be the We proceeded inby to the longwall and we left six people

Page He was hard to see because he was so black, but he was laying in the stage loader area. blowed off his feet. His boots were I They were, in fact, inby him.
cant remember if he had --- I dont think he had his hard hat on at that time. And we proceeded to go back --- once me and Danny found the victim, we proceeded to go back down to where the other guys mine rescue team were standing --- waiting at. They were in the belt entry two or At that time, I proceeded to go three breaks outby.
back with Rob Asbury and Shane McPherson and we traveled back up to the headgate area, and I showed them where the victim was at. get a name. off the victim. And Rob and Shane proceeded to go down. I kept --- I kept on the headgate to keep the communications up and they proceeded to go down the longwall face. And they radioed back to me that theyd found two more victims at shield, I think Number 85 that were blowed up underneath the pan line. but they found em. remember. They were hard to find, I cant And then they found four more Again, they tried to I dont think they did ever get a name
victims between Shields 102 and 105 or 6. They, at that time, knew one of em.
They had four victims laying in that area.
Page 25 good friend of him. I think his name was He recognized him, but
(b) (7)(C) (b) (7)(C) (b) (7)(C) (b) (7)(C)

or they called him

or some --- his last name was knew that victim there.

, I think.

And at that time they run
into 70 parts of CO and 2 percent of methane, and then they retreated back out to where we was at. About that time is when they told us to retreat out. We had found everything we could up there. Wed found the victims. We think --- we thought we found
all the victims, because when we went underground, we was informed that we only had to find six more victims up on the longwall. And, in fact, we found 11. Three had been already found, but we found eight instead of six, so we assumed at that time wed found everybody. When they found the six --- they thought theyd found everybody that needed to be found, when, in fact, we had one victim that was at the head station. He was at the headgate area. All three of us were
part of the --- we couldnt recognize him. and we could ---. OFF RECORD DISCUSSION A. Debris.
and had debris on top of him
He had the debris blowed up on him, and We was probably
we couldnt --- we couldnt see him.
--- we was right there but we just never did find him.
Page But we thought wed found everybody. we had six more victims. I mean, we found They told us And more than what we was supposed to found.

We found eight, so ---.

at that time we proceeded on back out and made our way back out to the fresh air base which was located, then again, at the Mother Belt. BY MR. STEPHAN: Q. Did you yourself travel along the face at all? A. I did. I went down to about shield number eight or ten, and then they told me they was retreating out, so I just come back out. Q. Okay. A. I started down the --- down there to get --- keep the communications up, but then they told me they was on their way back out, so I just proceeded to go back to the stage loader and ---. Q. In these headgate entries, did you yourself ever go inby the face? A. Yes, I did. face was at. have a map. hot. I did. When I followed the tracks, I didnt they led me up about a break or two inby where the Which break, I dont know. Shane had a map, but Shane had it with Some of

him and the conditions in there were real humid, real And we was all sweating, I mean bad. the marks he made on the map probably couldnt be
Page legible now. I mean, he just --- just so much heat and humidity in that area. But the only thing I did notice when we was up in this (indicating) headgate area, we had --- like I said, the highest CO reading I had was 45 parts to --the oxygen content in that area was 20.6 or better. something in the air that definitely irritated every one of us, irritated our skin, our eyes. And when I first felt that, I thought --- I looked down because I thought maybe I was in really high concentrations of CO. Our CO wasnt up. I dont know And what it was, but it really was irritating to us. it only was up around that headgate. outby, we wouldnt have this problem. Q. So you didnt have any irritations with your eyes, your nose or throat, anywhere else in your whole entry into the mine except for while you were in that area? A. In that area. Q. Around the stage loader and the headgate? A. Yes. Q. Okay. A. And like I said, at that point in time I went up in here (indicating) and looked around a little bit before we come back up this last time, me and Danny. I mean --- and no methane at that location, but they was

Wed come back

Page We just looked around in the old track, the track entry and the neutral entry and above for about a break or so to try to see if we could find any --anybody else or anything. ATTORNEY BABINGTON: To clarify, you were pointing to the area along the Headgate One North inby the face of the longwall? A. Yes, sir. ATTORNEY BABINGTON: Okay. And one other thing. Do you mind marking where, you know, the approximate location of where you found that fifth victim? WITNESS COMPLIES A. Right there. ATTORNEY BABINGTON: So it was right at the ---? A. Stage loader. ATTORNEY BABINGTON: Okay. Thank you. A. He was right beside the stage loader. BY MR. STEPHAN: Q. Now, when you say the fifth victim, youre talking like there were four? A. Four on the track.
Page 25 Q. Four at this track location. A. And then the fifth victim we found was at the stage loader. Then we found --- they found six along the longwall face. Q. Which one of those is the guy that you said was blown up in there and debris was overtop of him? A. This victim we never did find. at the stage loader.

He was right there

Thats where he was at. So I mean we was right there at it. right there at him. Id say we was I And We just never did see him.
mean, we looked and we never did see the victim. all of them that was found. And they just, they just happened to ---. One of
he was the --- I think he was the last victim out of
the guys --- in fact, it was with me the first night --- was the one that found him that fast. was found. guy. And they And he just happened to be in the right
place and he just happened to look over and seen the It looked like the imprint of a body and he got looking --- he said he looked down the side of the shield and there the victim was. MR. STEPHAN: It might be a good place to take a break. ATTORNEY BABINGTON:
Page Yeah. Yeah, lets take a five-minute break. MR. STEPHAN: Okay. SHORT BREAK TAKEN ATTORNEY BABINGTON: All right. Lets go back on. BY MR. STEPHAN: Q. Just backing way up at the beginning, I just wondered, have you ever been at the Upper Big Branch Mine prior to the April 5th accident? A. Yes, I have. Q. Could you tell us when and why? A. I was --- when I went to ---. I took a job as a health specialist in the Mount Hope District Office and we had --- I had been up in this mines back in 2005 time frame, somewhere in there, after July of 2005. Id went to this mines. We had some problems on some dust, and Id went to this mines to --- as a health specialist to see what the problem was. I was trying to think where I was at in this mines, but ---. It was on the longwall, and I dont I cant know if it --- which one of these panels it was on --it was at, because like five years ago. remember exactly where I was at in this mine at that
Page time. there. Q. Did you have any difficulties with any of the mine personnel during that particular time? A. No, I didnt. Q. Did you know who these other fellows, Jason Whitehead at the time, or Chris Blanchard? A. No. I dont think they were in that capacity at that time, because they dont --- their names dont really ring a bell to me. Q. Okay. A. The superintendent was Wendell --- I cant even think of Wendells last name. foreman, Benny Pressley. I knew Benny. there. Q. And this map that youve placed some markings that located these victims, you said that there was a Cat miner bolter in that particular area. A. Yes. Q. And Im just wondering if theres room on that map to mark where that location is? WITNESS COMPLIES Maybe if you mark that in red so it doesnt mix in with that one. I had met like a mine I went to school with Benny. But it was on an active longwall, while I was

Page air base and find the victims. Q. Which one of those fresh air bases was Mike at? He was at the 22 Mother Belt? A. He was at the one at the --- next to the Mother Belt. Q. Okay. Thinking about that first time when you came to the fresh air base at 78, you said something about someone went over to the phone and made a call, and when they got off the phone, they basically said that the command center wanted to talk to you. A. Yes, Jason Whitehead ---. When I told Chris --- I I didnt talk --- I didnt personally talk to Jason. fresh air base and well do the procedures on how were going to do mine rescue. And at that point, Jason walked down and he said, well, they want us to go, they want us to go into the --- and find the victims. And I said, well, were going to do that, Were supposed to have backup and were but were going to do it by the --- what were supposed to. going to have backup. And Jason at that time went over and got on the phone. Thats when Jason was on the phone with the And I told him I command center and had it in his hands and said the command center wants to talk to you.
talked to Chris and told Chris we will have backup to
Page did not want to talk to the command center. Q. So Jason didnt identify who was on the phone on the other end for the command ---? A. He just --- no, he just said the command center wants to talk to you. Q. And the Chris that youre talking about is Blanchard, not Adkins? A. Chris Blanchard. Q. Blanchard, okay. Well, when is, like, the last time that you actually seen Chris Blanchard underground in all of this? A. When I left the --- the last time I seen Christ Blanchard and Jason Whitehead is when I left the fresh air base at 78. Q. To come out? A. To go inby. Q. To go in. A. When I advanced inby the fresh air base at 78 to set up the new fresh air base, thats the last time I seen Chris Blanchard. Q. Well, were they inby your location when you headed in? A. No, they were back --- at that time they were both back at the fresh air base of 78. Q. So then you proceeded into the ---

Page A. Fresh air base --Q. --- fresh air base? A. --- near the Mother Belt. Q. And they were behind you at that time? A. Yes. Q. And you dont know where they went after that? A. No, sir. Q. Or how they went inby or how they got back outby? A. No, sir. I dont have anything --- the next time I seen Chris Blanchard was in the debriefing. Q. At the times when you did see Blanchard or Whitehead, did they have SCSRs on them, with them? A. Clete, I cant even really tell you that. Im not going to sit here and tell you they didnt have them. Im not going to make that statement because I dont really --- I wasnt really even concentrating ---. just know I was talking to a person. see what he had. sitting there. rescuer on. I know they was two apparatuses I didnt look to see if he had a selfI I didnt look to
I was a little upset when I got there and
seen what they was doing, and I really wasnt concentrating on looking what he was wearing. Q. Uh-huh (yes). Concerning these footprints that you had seen, when you went inby, you think youre the first persons to get in there and you see these
Page footprints. Did you ever realize whose footprints they were or where they came from? A. I didnt realize who made them footprints until the debriefing. And then I realized it was Jason Whitehead and Chris Blanchard, probably made them prints in the --- marked the tracks up there, because they ---. In the debriefing, Jason didnt --- Jason wasnt in the debriefing, but Chris was, and Chris said that they --- so when I assumed, they, that meant Chris Blanchard and Jason. I dont know who they was. When they got within two breaks of the tail of the longwall, they run into 499 parts, so at that time I couldnt comprehend why he didnt proceed on by with an apparatus. I didnt know he wasnt --- didnt have After I sat and an apparatus at that point in time.
thought about it, thats when I realized that he wasnt in the apparatus --- he was in the air ---. Q. Well, when you talk about them being two breaks, within two breaks of the tailgate, --A. Yes, sir? Q. --- do you know if they traveled inby in those tailgate entries or if they went across the longwall? A. They didnt get there. What they stated in the debriefing, they come up this (indicating) way here, because they talked about all the destruction on these
Page overcasts. Q. When you say, this way, you mean through the tailgate entries? A. Through the tailgate entries. When they traveled up the tailgate entries, they had talked about the destruction on these overcasts, these doors and all that. They explained some destruction in this area And when you talk about these doors, youre here, so thats the procedure they said they went. Q. Yeah. talking about --- like these ones that are around Crosscut 34 or 33 --A. Yes, on this ---. Q. --- in the tailgate entry? A. In the tailgate entry. Q. Okay. A. I think they did say something about they come across this (indicating) area here. Q. The connecting entries between ---. A. They connect Headgate One North and Tailgate One North --Q. Okay. A. --- which probably had been like recovery entries for the longwall. They come across the recovery Then entries to get over in this (indicating) area.

Then in between Four and

Five entry, they found a crib block or something on
Page out. And I do know they was about four breaks inby Mike can --- he knows exactly this Mother Drive, but Mike Hicks can tell you, if you talk to Mike or ---. where it was at. found it. Q. Are you aware of anybody on the team who may have energized or deenergized any circuits? A. No. Q. How low did the oxygen get at any time while you were in there? A. Like I said, the lowest I ever had on my detector was probably around 20.5 or 20.6. For all --- most part we had good air where we was at. Q. Now, you did mention that you didnt have a lot of air flow. And Im just wondering if you could tell me a little bit about the ventilation and what you felt with respect to ventilation? A. I just never --- when we was up in here (indicating) and I was on this face up in here, I really didnt feel a whole lot of air movement then. I mean, not any major air movement. But in these areas back out in here, outby the headgate in that North One --- Headgate One North, I just didnt really find a whole lot of air movement anywhere. feel it. I didnt He was there, I think, when they
Page Q. Was there a briefing and debriefing at the beginning and end of each shift? A. They were. Like I said, I only attended one briefing and one debriefing, but I was in some other briefings before the other team members went under. We did have --- every time that we had team members go under, we would have a briefing. Q. And who was briefing them? A. That depended. We had different people do it. I cant think of who done it, but we usually had somebody --- I think the lawyer, Elizabeth, she gave one briefing before they went underground. I attended one with her. night. Q. Tell us a little bit about that. A. I have no idea, but I know that Mike Hicks and myself were took to the side on Wednesday after this --- this happened on Monday. Wednesday they --- our trainer, one of the trainers, one of the MEO people, Mike, I mean Virgil Brown, talked to Mike Hicks and myself and informed us where we was not allowed to work together and wed be on different shifts and not allowed to go underground. I had no idea why. I just know that we was not allowed to go underground and we I believe After the first night, I
wasnt allowed back in the mines, after the first
Page couldnt be on the same shift together. Q. And you never went underground after that? A. No. Q. Did Mike ever go underground after that? A. No. Q. And you never worked with Mike again on the same shift? A. No. Q. And did you work other shifts there? A. Yes. Q. And Mike did, too? A. Yes, but not together. Q. Okay. During this entire Upper Big Branch The first night that I went under And I dont Ive got them at --- I think I can try to find them and experience, did you write any notes? A. Yes, I did. there, Mike and myself wrote some notes. have them with me. theyre at the office. them with me. Q. So youre willing to give us a copy? A. Yes, Im willing to give you what I got. Q. Okay. Thank you. Of these areas that you were through underground, where was the greatest damage from pressure?

Page Q. Reznick? A. Something like that, Rednick or Red ---. Q. Rednick, something like --- is Redneck his nickname? A. They called him Redneck. lot of times Redneck. A. Yeah. Q. --- whether it be Reznick or something like that. A. Yeah. Q. Okay. Yeah. Yes, sir. Now, the other issues that you refer to as I dont remember who told me that, I dont know where I heard Q. It starts with an R, --I call him, I call him a They call him Redneck.
hearsay, do you have any sources you can identify? A. No, Terry. Terry. that at. Q. Okay. A. I didnt hear it once. times. MR. FARLEY: Okay. Okay. I dont think I have anything else. MR. BECK: Just a couple. EXAMINATION BY MR. BECK: Ive heard it a couple I just heard that.
Page Q. Jerry, did anybody make it to the shearer machine itself? A. Not with us. the shearer. We did not at that time make it to Not on the shift that I was in there.
Q. And you wouldnt know if Chris Blanchard or Jason Whitehead had been up there? A. No, sir, I would not. Q. I just wanted to clarify a couple things. and Mike talked to the command center; right? A. Yes, sir. Q. He told the command center there were at least 15 mine rescue people inby and no backup? A. I wasnt at the fresh air base with Mike at that time. I was one of the people inby. Mike come up behind me, and when he got there, he told the fresh air ---. He called the command center and said, Ive And at that time thats got five people with me and theres 15 people inby, we dont have enough coverage. when they told him that ---. Q. And Chris Adkins told him to --- were going inby to get people? A. Yes. Q. And then Bob Hardman told him the same thing? A. Yes. When you and Mike Hicks were at the fresh air base at 98
Page Q. Okay. And at one point --- I think you said that at one point, I dont remember where it was, but there were up to 40 people inby with no backups at all? A. Yes, sir. Thats when I come back out. When I come back out the longwall, after we found the victims and we thought wed found everybody, we come back and at that point in time they were telling them to come out because what conditions we --- they had found up on this 22 Headgate. I know they was probably ten or twelve people come back out when we did. I know we only went in with six, but I dont know where the other people come from. And then I set there at the fresh air base at the Mother Belt and observed guys coming back out from the headgate section area. And they were --- probably 30 people come out of there, just my estimation. Q. And no backups? A. Backups were on the way in. at the fresh air base. Q. No backups at the fresh air base? A. Yes, sir. Q. Okay. And then you said that Virgil Brown told You couldnt work on the you and Mike Hicks after that night you werent allowed to go underground? same shift together? There was no backups

Page A. Yes, sir. Q. Did he tell you why or did you ask why? A. Yes, we asked why. --- they just ---. And he basically didnt really I think Virgil was trying to take
the credit for not letting us go to --- he said that we went through enough and we didnt need to go through anymore at the mines. I thought that was a lot of bull. rescue person. from doing what I do. underground. Im a mine You dont stop me Thats what I do.
And I just never did believe
that that was the reason why we didnt go back I never did find out why we didnt --I never had found that out, but I we wasnt allowed.
know that we werent allowed to go back under. Q. Do you have any personal --- I mean, do you have any reasons in your head why? A. I think because we run our mouth, and we done what we did when we was in there. Thats my opinion. And I think Mike would probably --- if you ever talk to Mike, Mike will probably tell you that thats --probably what we did when we was under there. You know, we dont need to be --- you know, its bad enough to try to find 29 people, you dont need to have 40 more to look for. You dont need to have people run in there ---
Page anybody couldve done anything in that mine that they wanted to. explosion. They couldve controlled --- they couldve We just had a major They couldve --- they couldve killed At that time, we was expendable that changed controls or anything. every one of us. these people. Q. All right.
night --- thats my opinion --- at no cost to get to They didnt care what they did with us. And you said you had some notes at We wrote notes that night. Ive Thats my opinion. home that you were going to give a copy to ---. A. Ive got notes. got some pads. can find them. what went on. MR. BECK: Matt, Id like to request a copy of those notes on the record for the independent team. ATTORNEY BABINGTON: Well share those when we get a copy from the witness. MR. BECK: Thank you, Jerry. ATTORNEY BABINGTON: Appreciate it. A. Youre welcome. Ill have to look through em, if I I cant remember where I put em at,
but I know Mike and I wrote some notes that night on
Page Okay. Anybody else? MR. FARLEY: No, sir. ATTORNEY BABINGTON: Just a note. We have one map that was marked up, the Ellis Portal map, and well label that as Cook One. (Cooks Exhibit One marked for identification.) ATTORNEY BABINGTON: That map will be part of the record. On behalf of MSHA and the Office of Miners Health, Safety and Training, I want to thank you for appearing and answering questions today. Your cooperation is We request that very important in the investigation as we work to determine the cause of the accident. from your personal representative. After questioning other witnesses, we may call you if we have any follow-up questions. If at any time you have additional information regarding the accident that youd like to provide to us, please contact us at the contact information previously provided. If you wish, you may now go back over any You may answer youve given during this interview. you not discuss your testimony with any person aside

Page also make any statement that youd like to make at this time. A. The only thing I --- you know, what was told to me, what the command center told --- referred to Mike was secondhand. information. center. It was Mike telling me the I personally never talked to command
I just want to note that at this whole time I
never did communicate with the command center at all, any at all. ATTORNEY BABINGTON: Okay. Thank you and I want to thank you * * * * * * * * STATEMENT UNDER OATH CONCLUDED AT 2:40 P.M. * * * * * * * * again for your cooperation in this matter.
Page CERTIFICATE I, Alicia R. Brant, a Notary Public in and for the State of West Virginia, do hereby certify: That the witness whose testimony appears in the foregoing deposition, was duly sworn by me on said date and that the transcribed deposition of said witness is a true record of the testimony given by said witness; That the proceeding is herein recorded fully and accurately; That I am neither attorney nor counsel for, nor related to any of the parties to the action in which these depositions were taken, and further that I am not a relative of any attorney or counsel employed by the parties hereto, or financially interested in this action. STATE OF WEST VIRGINIA ) )

PHYS 1443 Section 501 Lecture #2
Monday January 26, 2004 Dr. Andrew Brandt
Chapter 2: One Dimensional Motion
Displacement Velocity and Speed Acceleration Motion under constant acceleration

Monday January 26, 2004

PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004 Dr. Andrew Brandt

Announcements

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Monday January 26, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004 Dr. Andrew Brandt 2

Some Fundamentals

Kinematics: Description of Motion without understanding the cause of the motion Dynamics: Description of motion accompanied by an understanding of the cause of the motion Vector and Scalar quantities:
Scalar: Physical quantities that require magnitude but no direction
Speed, length, mass, height, volume, area, magnitude of a vector quantity, etc
Vector: Physical quantities that require both magnitude and direction
Velocity, Acceleration, Force, Momentum It does not make sense to say I ran with a velocity of 40 miles/hour.
Objects can be treated as point-like if their sizes are smaller than the scale in the problem
Earth can be treated as a point like object (or a particle)in celestial problems
Simplification of the problem (The first step in setting up to solve a problem)

Some More Fundamentals

Motion: Can be described as long as the position is known at any time (or position is expressed as a function of time)
Translation: Linear motion Rotation: Circular or elliptical motion Vibration: Oscillation

Dimensions:

0 dimension: A point 1 dimension: Linear drag of a point, resulting in a line Motion in one-dimension is a motion in a line 2 dimension: Linear drag of a line resulting in a surface 3 dimension: Perpendicular Linear drag of a surface, resulting in a stereo object What about extra dimensions?
Monday January 26, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004 Dr. Andrew Brandt 4

Coordinate Systems

Makes it easy to express locations or positions Two commonly used systems, depending on convenience
Cartesian (Rectangular) Coordinate System
Coordinates are expressed in (x,y)

Polar Coordinate System

Coordinates are expressed in (r,)
Vectors become a lot easier to express and compute +y How are Cartesian and Polar coordinates related? y1 (x1,y1)=(r,) r x = r cos r = ( x+ y ) O (0,0)

y = r sin

Displacement, Velocity and Speed
One dimensional displacement is defined as: x xf xi
Displacement is the difference between initial and final positions of motion and is a vector quantity. How is this different from distance?
xf xi x = vx tf ti t Displacement per unit time through the total period of motion
Average velocity is defined as: Average speed is defined as:
Total Distance Traveled v Total Time
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Monday January 26, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004 Dr. Andrew Brandt 6

Difference between Speed and Velocity
Lets take a simple one dimensional translation that has many steps:
Lets call this line the X-axis
Lets have a couple of motions in a total time interval of 20 sec. +10m -5m -10m +15m -15m
Total Displacement: x x xi = x x = 0 Average Velocity:
vx xf xi x 0 = = = 0(m / s ) tf ti t 20
Total Distance Traveled: D = 10 + 15 + 5 + 15 + 10 + 5 = 60(m) Average Speed: v Total Distance Traveled = 60 = 3(m / s )

Total Time Spent 20

Monday January 26, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004 Dr. Andrew Brandt 7

Example 2.1

The position of a runner as a function of time is plotted as moving along the x axis of a coordinate system. During a 3.00 s time interval, the runners position changes from x1=50.0m to x2=30.5m, as shown in the figure. Find the displacement, distance, average velocity, and average speed.

Displacement:

x x2 x1 = 30.5 50.0 = 19.5(m)

Distance:

Average Velocity:
vx x2 x1 x 19.5 = = = 6.50(m / s) t 2 t1 t 3.00

Average Speed:

Total Distance Traveled 19.5 = = 6.50(m / s ) Total Time Interval 3.00
*Magnitudes of vectors are 8 expressed in absolute values
Instantaneous Velocity and Speed
Here is where calculus comes in to help understanding the concept of instantaneous quantities Instantaneous velocity is defined as:

What does this mean?

Velocity in an infinitesimal time interval Mathematically: Slope of the position variation as a function of time An object undergoing a certain displacement might not move at the average velocity at all times.

x dx = t dt

Instantaneous speed is the vx = size (magnitude) of the instantaneous velocity:

Position vs Time Plot

Position x1
It is useful to understand motions to draw them on position vs time plots.
1. Running at a constant velocity (go from x=0 to x=x1 in t1, displacement is + x1 in t1 time interval) x=ct -> dx/dt=v=c 2. Velocity is 0 (go from x1 to x1 no matter how much time changes) 3. Running at a constant velocity but in the reverse direction as 1. (go from x1 to x=0 in t3-t2 time interval, displacement is - x1 in t3-t2 time interval)
Does this motion physically make sense?

Example 2.3

A jet engine moves along a track. Its position as a function of time is given by the equation x=At2+B where A=2.10m/s2 and B=2.80m.
(a) Determine the displacement of the engine during the interval from t1=3.00s to t2=5.00s.
x1 = xt1 =3.00 = 2.10 (3.00) 2 + 2.80 = 21.7 m
x2 = xt2 =5.00 = 2.10 (5.00) 2 + 2.80 = 55.3m
Displacement is, therefore:
x = x2 x1 = 55.3 21.7 = +33.6(m)
(b) Determine the average velocity x vx = = during this time interval.
33.6 33.6 = = 16.8(m / s ) 5.00 3.00 2.00

Example 2.3 contd

(c) Determine the instantaneous velocity at t=5.00s.
d Ct n = nCt n 1 and Calculus formula for derivative dt

d (C ) = 0 dt

The derivative of the engines equation of motion is The instantaneous velocity at t=5.00s is

v x = lim

x dx d = = At 2 + B t 0 t dt dt

) = 2At

v x (t = 5.00 s ) = 2 A 5.00 = 2.10 10.0 = 21.0(m / s )
PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004 Dr. Andrew Brandt 12

Acceleration

Change of velocity in time (what kind of quantity is this?)

Average acceleration:

vxf vxi vx ax = t f ti t

analogous to

xf xi x vx = tf ti t
Instantaneous acceleration:
vx dvx d dx d 2 x = = = 2 dt dt dt dt t
In calculus terms: A slope (derivative) of velocity with respect to time or change of slopes of position as a function of time
Monday January 26, 2004 PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004 Dr. Andrew Brandt 13

Meaning of Acceleration

When an object is moving with a constant velocity (v=v0), there is no acceleration (a=0)
Could there be acceleration when an object is not moving? YES!
When an object is moving faster as time goes on, (v=v(t) ), acceleration is positive (a>0) When an object is moving slower as time goes on, (v=v(t) ), acceleration is negative (a<0) Is there acceleration if an object moves in a constant speed but changes direction? The answer is YES!!

Example 2.4

A car accelerates along a straight road from rest to 75km/h in 5.0s.

(km / h)

What is the magnitude of its average acceleration?

v xi = 0 m / s

v xf = 75000m = 21 m / s 3600s

v xf v xi t f ti

v x 21 = = = = 4.2(m / s 2 ) 5.0 5.0 t
4.2 (3600 ) = = 5.4 (km / h 2 ) 1000

Example 2.7

A particle is moving in a straight line so that its position as a function of time is given by the equation x=(2.10m/s2)t2+2.8m.
(a) Compute the average acceleration during the time interval from t1=3.00s to t2=5.00s.
x dx d v x = lim = = 2.10t 2 + 2.80 = 4.20t t 0 t dt dt
v xi = v x (t = 3.00s ) = 4.20 3.00 = 12.6(m / s )
v xf = v x (t = 5.00 s ) = 4.20 5.00 = 21.0(m / s )
v x 21.0 12.6 8.40 ax = = = = 4.2 m / s 2 t 5.00 3.00 2.00

(b) Compute the particles instantaneous acceleration as a function of time.
vx dvx d = = (4.20t ) = 4.20 m / s 2 t dt dt

What does this mean?

The acceleration of this particle is independent of time. This particle is moving under a constant acceleration.
PHYS 1443-501, Spring 2004 Dr. Andrew Brandt 16