OUTLINE

Introduction Experiment Concept Experiment Examples Explanation of Results Recommendations Questions

INTRODUCTION

Reasons for experiment and presentation
Digitizing is what we do Personal evaluation of best conversion methods Video is a very complex subject Engineering/ Mathematics/ Computer Science

BEFORE WE START.

Lets take a minute talk about our previous knowledge of Video Production Video Conversion

EXPERIMENT CONCEPT

Converting VHS to DVD Utilizing consumer level products Choosing three different methods Analyzing results

WHY CONVERT

Inherently self detrimental Low life expectancy Obsolete players

VHS DEGRADATION

Playback causes damage
Loss of magnetism Loss of emulsion Tape stretching

LIFE EXPECTANCY

Low life expectancy 10-15 years Optimal condition
Particle free 60-70 degrees 30% to 70% constant RH

VHS OBSOLETE!

Most electronics stores only carry a few VHS players. Quality players are becoming harder to find
Now that we know why, How do we do it?

CONSUMER PRODUCTS

VHS to DVD Recorders Conversion boxes Camcorders

VHS TO DVD RECORDERS

One touch dubbing Record as well as playback Reasonably priced $80-$400

CONVERSION BOXES

Compact Transfers any analog signal to digital
VHS to Camcorder VHS to DVR VHS to Computer Wide price range $17-$1500

CAMCORDERS

Conversion Record Playback Back up on digital tape Several models and prices Can be output to other devices

TV,VHS,DVR or Computer

CONVERSION METHODS
DVD Recorder /Sony RDR-VX515 Conversion Box/ Canopus 100 Lower priced Camcorder/Canon ZR700 High Priced Camcorder/ Canon GL1

ANALYSIS PROCESS

Use each method to convert VHS to DVD Analize DVD footage for
Picture quality Color quality Digital Artifacts

DVD RECORDER EXAMPLE

CONVERSION BOX EXAMPLE
LOW PRICED CAMCORDER EXAMPLE
HIGH PRICED CAMCORDER EXAMPLE

COMPARISON

Canopus

Sony Recorder

Canopus X-30,y-20 = R149,G140,B157
Sony Recorder X-30,y-20 = R140,G143,B153

Canon GL1

Canon ZR700
Canon GL1 X-30,y-20 = R177,G181,B190
Canon ZR700 X-30,y-20 = R172,G172,B184

ALL FOUR

<- Canopus

Sony Recorder ->

<- Canon GL1

Canon ZR700 ->

<- Canopus X-30,y-20 = R149,G140,B157 Sony Recorder -> X-30,y-20 = R140,G143,B153
<- Canon GL1 X-30,y-20 = R177,G181,B190
Canon ZR700 -> X-30,y-20 = R172,G172,B184

Digital Artifacts

Prediction Errors that occur during video compression which is inherently lossy

WHY LOSSY COMPRESSION

Storage has not yet reached the level needed to store the amount of bits needed to be a lossless copy of an original moving image original.

LOSSY CONTINUED

A digital equivalent of a single film frame needs to be scanned at around 3000 ppi. A single negative scanned at the closest size of 3400 ppi would give a 28.8 MB image file when saved in tiff format. To transfer this information to a strip of motion picture film, one would need 24 fps x length. So a 2 hour silent film would be 24 fps x (60 sec x 60 min x 2 hrs) = 172800 images. At 28.8 MB per image that would require 4976640 MB or 4.9 TB for storage.

DONT FORGET LOSSY

A 90 minutes of raw video footage from a mini-dv tape equals approximately 16 gigabytes of storage space. Single layer DVDs 4.7 gigs = 70% compression ratio Dual layer DVDs 8.5 gigs= 47% compression ratio

HOW IT WORKS

Compressors use an algorithm to analyze the pixels of an image in a Zig-Zag method.
This data is then used to predict the proceeding images.
This is an image showing how motion prediction is accomplished during the compression process. I frames are analyzed independently for data content P frames can contain image data and motion data B frames can contain image data and motion data

MORE EXAMPLES

Now that we know a little bit about how video is compressed, lets look at some comparisons.

RAW COMPARISON

Canon ZR700 DVD

Canon ZR700 RAW

Canon ZR700 DVD X-30,y-20 = R172,G172,B184
Canon ZR700 RAW X-30,y-20 = R170,G170,B182
Sony Recorder 400% enlargement

RECOMMENDATIONS

Use a camcorder with A/V inputs Store at least three copies

Original Mini-dv DVD

THINGS TO REMEMBER
Find bench test/technical reviews Having more than one format is important Remember to plan for the future
Bluray and HDDVD hold 6-10 times more than single layer DVDs

Questions Anyone?

OUTLINE
Introduction Experiment Concept Experiment Examples Explanation of Results Recommendations Questions

INTRODUCTION

Reasons for experiment and presentation
Digitizing is what we do g g Personal evaluation of best conversion methods Video is a very complex subject Engineering/ Mathematics/ Computer g g p Science

BEFORE WE START.

Lets t k L t take a minute talk about our previous i t t lk b t i knowledge of Video Production Video Conversion

EXPERIMENT CONCEPT

Converting VHS to DVD Utilizing consumer level p g products Choosing three different methods Analyzing results

WHY CONVERT

Inherently self detrimental Low life expectancy Obsolete players

VHS DEGRADATION

Playback causes damage
Loss of magnetism Loss of emulsion Tape stretching

LIFE EXPECTANCY

Low life expectancy 10-15 years Optimal condition
P ti l f Particle free 60-70 degrees 30% t 70% constant RH to t t

VHS OBSOLETE!

Most electronics stores only carry a few VHS players. Quality players are becoming harder to find
Now that we know why, How do we do it?

CONSUMER PRODUCTS

VHS to DVD Recorders Conversion boxes Camcorders

VHS TO DVD RECORDERS

One touch dubbing Record as well as playback Reasonably priced $80-$400

CONVERSION BOXES

Compact Transfers any analog signal to digital y g g g
VHS to Camcorder VHS to DVR VHS to Computer Wide price range $17-$1500

CAMCORDERS

Conversion C i Record Playback Back up on digital tape Several models and prices Can be t t to th d i C b output t other devices

TV,VHS,DVR or Computer

CONVERSION METHODS
DVD Recorder /Sony RDR-VX515 Conversion Box/ Canopus 100 Lower priced Camcorder/Canon ZR700 High Priced Camcorder/ Canon GL1

ANALYSIS PROCESS

U each method t convert VHS t DVD Use h th d to t to Analize DVD footage for
Picture quality Color quality Digital Artifacts

DVD RECORDER EXAMPLE

CONVERSION BOX EXAMPLE
LOW PRICED CAMCORDER EXAMPLE
HIGH PRICED CAMCORDER EXAMPLE

COMPARISON

Canopus

Sony Recorder

Canopus X-30,y-20 = R149,G140,B157
Sony Recorder X-30,y-20 = R140,G143,B153

Canon GL1

Canon ZR700
Canon GL1 X-30,y-20 = R177,G181,B190
Canon ZR700 X-30,y-20 = R172,G172,B184

ALL FOUR

<- Canopus

Sony Recorder -> >

<- Canon GL1

Canon ZR700 ->

<- Canopus X-30,y-20 = R149,G140,B157 Sony Recorder -> X-30,y-20 = R140,G143,B153
<- Canon GL1 X-30,y-20 = R177,G181,B190
Canon ZR700 -> X-30,y-20 = R172,G172,B184

Digital Artifacts

Prediction Errors that occur during video compression which is inherently lossy

WHY LOSSY COMPRESSION

Storage has not yet reached the level needed to store the amount of bits needed to be a lossless copy of a moving image original.

LOSSY CONTINUED

A digital equivalent of a single film frame needs to be scanned at around 3000 ppi. A single negative scanned at the closest size of 3400 ppi would give a MB i ld i 28.8 image fil when saved i file h d in tiff format. To transfer this information to a strip of motion picture film, one would need 24 fps x length. So a 2 hour silent film would be 24 fps x (60 sec x 60 min x 2 hrs) = 172800 images. At 28.8 MB per image that would require 4976640 p g q MB or 4.9 TB for storage.

DONT FORGET LOSSY

90 minutes of raw video f t i t f id footage f from a mini-dv tape equals approximately 16 gigabytes of storage space. i b t f t Single layer DVDs 4.7 gigs = 70% compression ratio Dual layer DVDs 8.5 gigs= DVD s gigs 47% compression ratio

HOW IT WORKS

Compressors use an algorithm to analyze the pixels of an image in a Zig-Zag method.
This data is then used to predict the proceeding images.
This is an image showing how motion prediction is accomplished during the compression process. I frames are analyzed independently for data content P f frames can contain image data and motion data B frames can contain image data and motion data

MORE EXAMPLES

Now that we know a little bit about how video is compressed, lets look at some comparisons comparisons.

RAW COMPARISON

Canon ZR700 DVD

Canon ZR700 RAW

Canon ZR700 DVD X-30,y-20 = R172,G172,B184
Canon ZR700 RAW X-30,y-20 = R170,G170,B182
Sony Recorder 400% enlargement

RECOMMENDATIONS

Use a camcorder with A/V inputs Store at least three copies
O i i l Original Mini-dv DVD

THINGS TO REMEMBER

Fi d b Find bench t t/t h i l reviews h test/technical i Having more than one format is important Remember to plan for the future
Bluray and HDDVD hold 6-10 times more y than single layer DVDs
Questions An one? Q estions Anyone?