FX 260 Training guide Tools FX 260 Solar Scientific Calculator Overhead OH 260 Applicable activities

Handouts

Key Points/ Overview Basic scientific calculator Solar powered Ability to fix decimal places Backspace key to fix entry mistakes Single variable statistics The ONLY calculator that is GED approved Content Modes Basic Arithmetic Calculations Basic Functions and Operations Basic Calculations Constant Calculations Fraction calculations and simplification Percent calculations Powers and roots Internal Rounding Probability Random number generation Permutations and combinations Factorials Memory Memory Calculations Trigonometry Trigonometric/Inverse Trigonometric Functions Hyperbolic/ Inverse Hyperbolic Functions Coordinate Conversion Sexagesimal Functions (Degrees/Minutes/Seconds) Logarithmic Functions Statistics Entering and analyzing statistical data
References the Casio FX-260 Solar Users Guide Casio FX-260 Scientific calculator
FX 260 Training guide Modes Before starting a calculation, you must first enter the correct mode. To perform this type of calculation: Basic arithmetic calculations Standard deviation calculations Calculations using degrees Calculations using radians Calculations using grads Number of decimal place specification Number of significant digit specification Cancels FIX and SCI settings Perform this key operation: [MODE] [0] [MODE] [.] [MODE] [4] [MODE] [5] [MODE] [6] [MODE] [7] [x] (x = # of decimal places and ranges from 0 9) [MODE] [8] [x] (x = # of significant digits and ranges from 0 9) [MODE] [9] Name of mode: COMP SD DEG RAD GRA FIX
Display indicators show the current mode setting. If there is no display shown, this indicates COMP mode. The COMP and SD modes can be used in combination with the angle unit settings.

FX 260 Training guide

Basic Arithmetic Calculations Basic Functions and Operations The following are the basic functions and operations of the calculator. Backspaces and deletes the right digit of a displayed input value. [ON] [C] [SHIFT] Turns power on. Clears the displayed input value. Shifts the keyboard and accesses functions marked above the keys.
Note: There is no power off key.
Basic Calculations Be sure to press [AC] when beginning a new calculation. [+] [ - ] [x] [] [=] [+/-] Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division Performs calculation Changes the sign of a displayed value. You must enter the value first. Left and right parentheses. Note: The calculator uses order of operations. So for 2 + 3 x 4, you do not need parentheses around 3 x 4. The calculator will calculate 3 x 4, then add 2. This will input the numerical value for. Swaps the value of x and y in power and root calculations. Also swaps the minuend and subtrahend in subtraction calculations. Example: for 32, to swap 3 and 2, press [3] [xy] [2] [SHIFT] [X-Y] [=]. The answer displayed is 8.

[(] [)]

[SHIFT] [] [SHIFT] [X-Y]
FX 260 Training guide Constant calculations You can perform constant calculations by setting an automatic constant to continually add, subtract, multiply, or divide. Pressing [+], [ - ], [x], or [] twice after inputting a number, will make that number a constant. K will be shown on the display, indicating that a constant is being used. For addition, enter [constant] [+] [+]. When you press [=], the constant will be added to the number on the display. Pressing [AC] clears the constant. Display For example: [2] [+] [+] [=] 4 Each time you press [=], it will add 2 to the displayed number [3] [+] [+] [4] [=] [5] [=] [10] [=] 13
Fraction calculations and simplification Use the COMP mode for fraction calculations. You can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The result of a calculation that mixes fractions and decimal values is displayed as a decimal value. You can enter a fraction using the [a b/c] key. The total number of digits, including division marks, cannot exceed 10.

Be sure to press [AC] when beginning a new calculation. [a b/c] Inputs the integer part of a fraction (mixed number) and the numerator (b) /denominator (c) of a fraction in the form b/c. Example: to input , press [1] [a b/c] [2]. Example: to input 2 , press [2] [a b/c] [1] [a b/c] [2]. Converts the displayed value between mixed number and improper fraction. Converts the displayed value between fraction and decimal form.

[SHIFT] [d/c]

[a b/c]
NOTE: After entering a fraction using a b/c, pressing [=] will display it in simplest form.
FX 260 Training guide Percent calculations Use the COMP mode for percentage calculations. Example To find percentage of a number. 12% of 15 [15] [x] [12] [SHIFT] [%] Display 1.8
To calculate percentage of one number to another. What percentage of 80 is 40? [40] [] [80] [SHIFT] [%] To add a percentage. 15% to 1000 (or 1000 increased by 15%) To discount a percentage. 85 by 10% % change, when a value is increased From 30 to 36
[1000] [x] [15] [SHIFT] [%] [+] 1150
[85] [x] [10] [SHIFT] [%] [-]
[36] [ - ] [30] [SHIFT] [%]
Percent of increase, when an amount is added. 300 cc is added to 500 cc [300] [+] [500] [SHIFT] [%]
Powers and roots [x2] [SHIFT] [x3] Squares a number. Example: [5] [x2 ] Cubes a number. Example: [3] [SHIFT] [x3] Raises a number to a power (other than 2 or 3). Example: [2] [xy] [4] [=] [SHIFT] [1/x] Calculates the reciprocal of the displayed value. Example: [3] [SHIFT] [1/x] [SHIFT] [ ] Calculates the square root of a number. Example: [9] [SHIFT] [ [SHIFT] [ 3 ] ]
Calculates the cube root of a number. Example: [27] [SHIFT] [ 3 ]

[SHIFT] [x1/y]

Calculates the specified root of a number. Example: For 271/3, press [27] [SHIFT] [x1/y] [3] [=]
FX 260 Training guide Internal Rounding Calculates internal rounding based on the number of decimal places you have on the display. For example, set the calculator to 3 fixed decimal places. Press [200] [] [7] [=] Press [SHIFT] [RND]. This will truncate the number at 3 decimal places. Press [x] [14] [=] (The answer displayed is 399.994).
Probability Random number generation [SHIFT] [RAN#] Generates a random number between 0 and 0.999.
Permutations and combinations [SHIFT] [nPr] A permutation is a selection of objects in which the order matters. Example: To determine the number of possible different arrangements using 4 items selected from 10 items. [10] [SHIFT] [nPr] [4] [=] 5040 A combination is a selection of objects from a collection and order is irrelevant. Example: To determine the number of different combinations of 4 items selected from 10 items. [10] [SHIFT] [nCr] [4] [=] 210

[SHIFT] [nCr]

Factorials [SHIFT] [x!] Calculates the factorial of a number. Example: [5] [SHIFT] [!]
FX 260 Training guide Memory Memory Calculations The memory function is convenient for calculating cumulative totals. [M+] Adds displayed value to memory. [MR] [SHIFT] [M-] [SHIFT] [Min] Recalls the value stored in memory. Subtracts the displayed value from memory. Replaces the current memory contents with the displayed value.
To clear memory, press [0] [SHIFT] [Min] or [AC] [SHIFT] [Min].
FX 260 Training guide Trigonometry Be sure to select the angle unit (D, R, G) you want to use before beginning a calculation. Mode 4 = Degrees (Deg) Mode 5 = Radians (Rad) Mode 6 = Grads (Gra) Trigonometric/Inverse Trigonometric Functions To calculate the sine, cosine, or tangent of the displayed angle. Example (in degree mode): [30] [sin] (=.5) To calculate the arcsine, arccosine, or arctangent. Example (in degree mode): [.5] [SHIFT] [sin] (= 30) Hyperbolic/ Inverse Hyperbolic Functions To calculate the hyperbolic sine, cosine, or tangent of the displayed angle. Example (in degree mode): [3.6] [hyp] [sin] (= 18.28545536) To calculate the hyperbolic arcsine, arccosine, or arctangent of the displayed angle. Example (in degree mode): [30] [hyp] [SHIFT] [sin -1] OR (= 4.094622224) [30] [SHIFT] [hyp] [sin -1] Coordinate Conversion You can convert between rectangular and polar coordinates. Make sure you are using the correct angle unit (D, R, G) before starting your calculation. [SHIFT] [R-P] Rectangular to polar coordinate conversion [SHIFT] [P-R] Polar to rectangular coordinate conversion [SHIFT] [X-Y] Use this operation to switch between the two coordinates produced by the conversion operation. Example: To convert polar coordinates (r = 2, = 60) to rectangular coordinates (x, y). [2] [SHIFT] [P-R] [60] [=] This gives you the x value. [SHIFT] [X-Y] This gives you the y value.
Degrees/Minutes/Seconds You can perform calculations using degrees, minutes, and seconds, and convert between sexagesimal and decimal values. Examples: Keystrokes [2.5] [=] Press [ o, , , ] [10] [ o, , , ] [15] [ o, , , ] [12] [ o, , , ] [x] [4] [=]

Display 2.48

FX 260 Training guide Logarithmic Functions You can find logarithms, natural logarithms, and antilogarithms. [log] Calculates the common logarithm of the displayed value. [100] [log] Calculates the natural logarithm (base e) of the displayed value. [90] [ln] Calculates the common antilogarithm of the displayed value, which is 10 raised to the power of the value. [2] [SHIFT] [10x] Calculates the natural antilogarithm of the displayed value, which is e raised to the power of the value. [1] [SHIFT] [ex]

[ln] [SHIFT] [10x]

[SHIFT] [ex]
FX 260 Training guide Statistics Entering and analyzing statistical data Enter the statistics mode (SD) by pressing [MODE] [.]. Cancel FIX and SCI settings by pressing [MODE] [9]. Pressing [MODE] [0] (Comp) exits the SD mode and clears all input data. [SHIFT] [SAC] Clears statistical memory. Be sure to perform this operation before inputting new data. Inputs the displayed value as data. Press [DATA] twice to input two entries of the same value. (NOTE: This is the M+ key). Deletes the displayed value as data.

[DATA]

[SHIFT] [DEL]
Note: You can input multiple entries of the same data using [x]. To input 100 ten times, press [100] [x] [10] [DATA]
After entering data, you can retrieve the following values: [SHIFT] [ n-1] [SHIFT] [ n] [SHIFT] [ x ] [SHIFT] [n] [SHIFT] [x] [SHIFT] [x2] Sample standard deviation. Population standard deviation. Arithmetic mean. Number of data items. Sum of data. Sum of the squares.

Algebra Activity: Patterns in Square Roots
CALCULATORS: Casio: fx-260 Solar Casio: fx-260 Solar School

Linda Wallace

Teaching Notes
Grade Level: Middle School Topic: Geometry and Measurement, Patterns Objectives: To use the square root key to find the base or height measure of a square when given its area. To discover a pattern between the number of digits in a square number and the number of digits in its square root. This pattern can help students understand the relationship between these two values and can help them predict if their solutions make sense when relying on their own mental or paper and pencil calculations.

Using the Activity:

Finding the square root of a number is the inverse process to squaring a number. Since area represents the square of the base or height measure, to find the base or height measure you take the square root of the area. After finding the square root of the area, students should square the number to verify that the two processes are inverses of each other. represent when referencing a To reinforce what the numerical values for the symbolic x2 and square figure, students should create and label squares of different sizes. Using graph paper to create squares will reinforce the concepts of base and height as well as the concept of area as a value equal to square units.

Patterns in Square Roots

Casio, Inc. For Classroom Use Only

Answers:

x2 Number of Digits in x2 Number of Digits in
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
8100 10,000 30,625 271,441 490,000 3,508,129 4,481,689 25,806,400 81,000,000 100,000,000

9000 10,000

1. If a square is a one or two-digit measure in size, its base and height measure is a single digit measure. (The numbers are the same number or one number apart in the Number of Digits in x2 and Number of Digits in columns.) ex. 1 or = 1 If a square is a three or four-digit measure in size, its base and height measure is a double-digit measure. (The numbers are one or two numbers apart in the Number of Digits in x and Number of Digits in columns.) ex. = 1 or = 2 If a square is a five or six-digit measure in size, its base and height measure is a triple-digit measure. (The numbers are the two or three numbers apart in the Number of Digits in x and Number of Digits in columns.) = 2 or = 3 If a square is a seven or eight-digit measure in size, its base and height measure is a four-digit measure. (The numbers are the three or four numbers apart in the Number of Digits in x and Number of Digits in columns.) = 3 or = 4 If a square is a nine-digit measure in size, its base and height measure is a five-digit measure. (The numbers are four numbers apart in the Number of Digits in x2 and Number of Digits in columns.) = 4 2. 3. Use the pattern that was discovered to predict. Students should know how many digits your answer should contain, so if your answer doesnt contain this correct number of digits, you know your calculation is not correct.
Name ___________________________________________________ Date ______________

Student Worksheet

If you know the area of a square and need to find the dimension of the base or height, the key on the fx-260 calculator can be used. Square root ( ) tells you what number multiplied by itself gives you the indicated value. Since the base and height of a square have equal measure, the area is the product of a number times itself. If the area of a square is 9 square units, what is the length of its base? Enter: 9 SHIFT. The calculator displays 3. A square with a base or height measure of 3 units has an area of 9 square units. Use your calculator to find the square root (base or height measure) for each square. For 1-5, use graph paper to create the squares equal to their numerical values. Label their base and height measurements; then complete the table.
Student Worksheet (continued)
1. When comparing the information in the columns of the chart, what pattern do you notice? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Is there a way to estimate the number of digits in a square root? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ How would knowing this pattern help you if you did not have a calculator to determine the square root of a number? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________