Initializing Calculator Settings
Perform the following procedure to initialize the calculator, which returns the calculation mode to COMP and returns all other settings, including setup menu settings, to their initial defaults. (CLR) (Setup) (Yes)
Inputting Expressions and Values

Basic Input Rules

Calculations can be input in the same form as they are written. When you the priority sequence of the input calculation will be evaluated press automatically and the result will appear on the display. sin30 (30 + 10 3) = 30 10
* Input of the closing parenthesis is required for sin, sinh, and other functions that include parentheses. *2 These multiplication symbols ( ) can be omitted. A multiplication symbol can be omitted when it occurs immediately before an opening parenthesis, immediately before sin or other function that includes parentheses, immediately before the Ran# (random number) function, or immediately before a variable (A, B, C, D, E, F, M, X, Y), scientific constants, or e. operation can be *3 The closing parenthesis immediately before the omitted. Input example omitting example. *2 and *3 operations in the above 3
Note: If the calculation becomes longer than the screen width during indicator will input, the screen will scroll automatically to the right and the appear on the display. When this happens, you can scroll back to the left by and to move the cursor. When Linear Display is selected, using will cause the cursor to jump to the beginning of the calculation, pressing will jump to the end. When Natural Display is selected, pressing while while the cursor is at the end of the input calculation will cause it to jump while the cursor is at the beginning will to the beginning, while pressing cause it to jump to the end. You can input up to 99 bytes for a calculation. Each numeral, symbol, or function normally uses one byte. Some functions require three to 13 bytes. The cursor will change shape to when there are 10 bytes or less of allowed input remaining. If this happens, end calculation. input and then press
Calculation Priority Sequence
The priority sequence of input calculations is evaluated in accordance with the rules below. When the priority of two expressions is the same, the calculation is performed from left to right.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th

Parenthetical expressions Functions that require an argument to the right and a closing parenthesis ) following the argument. Functions that come after the input value (x2, x3, x1, x!, , , r, g, %, t), powers (x ), roots ( ) Fractions Negative sign (), base-n symbols (d, h, b, o) Note: When squaring a negative value (such as 2), the value being squared must be enclosed in parentheses ( 2 ). Since x2 has a higher priority than the negative sign, inputting 2 would result in the squaring of 2 and then appending a negative sign to the result. Always keep the priority sequence in mind, and enclose negative values in parentheses when required. Metric conversion commands (cm in, etc.), STAT Mode estimated values ( , , 1, 2) Multiplication where the multiplication sign is omitted Permutation (nPr), combination (nCr), complex number polar coordinate symbol ( ) Dot product () Multiplication, division ( , ) Addition, subtraction (+, ) Logical AND (and) Logical OR, XOR, XNOR (or, xor, xnor)

Toggling Calculation Results
While Natural Display is selected, each press of will toggle the currently displayed calculation result between its fraction form and decimal form, its form and decimal form, or its form and decimal form.
6 = 1 = 0.( ) 6 (' + 2) 2 2

0.5235987756

' = ' + 2' = 5.' + 2' 6 3

5.913591358

While Linear Display is selected, each press of will toggle the currently displayed calculation result between its decimal form and fraction form. = 0.2 = = 1 = 0.5 1
Important: Depending on the type of calculation result that is on the display key, the conversion process may take some time when you press the key will not to perform. With certain calculation results, pressing the convert the displayed value. instead of after inputting Note: With Natural Display, pressing a calculation will display the calculation result in decimal form. Pressing after that will switch to the fraction form or form of the calculation result. form of the result will not appear in this case. The

Basic Calculations

Fraction Calculations
Note that the input method for fractions is different, depending upon whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display. 2 + 1 = or 43 = 4 ( )2
Note: Mixing fractions and decimal values in a calculation while Linear Display is selected will cause the result to be displayed as a decimal value. Fractions in calculation results are displayed after being reduced to their lowest terms. To switch a calculation result between improper fraction and mixed ( ) fraction format: Perform the following key operation: To switch a calculation result between fraction and decimal format:. Press

Percent Calculations

Inputting a value and pressing a percent. 150 20% = 30 (%) causes the input value to become

2875 2625

Calculate what percentage of 880 is 660. (75%) Increase 2500 by 15%. (2875) Discount 3500 by 25%. (2625) 3500 3500
Degree, Minute, Second (Sexagesimal) Calculations
Performing an addition or subtraction operation between sexagesimal values, or a multiplication or division operation between a sexagesimal value and a decimal value will cause the result to be displayed as a sexagesimal value. You also can convert between sexagesimal and decimal. The following {minutes} is the input format for a sexagesimal value: {degrees}. {seconds} Note: You must always input something for the degrees and minutes, even if they are zero. 22030 + 3930 = 20 30

2.255 21518

Convert 21518 to its decimal equivalent. 18 (Converts sexagesimal to decimal.) (Converts decimal to sexagesimal.)

Multi-Statements

You can use the colon character (:) to connect two or more expressions and. execute them in sequence from left to right when you press 3+3:(:) 3 3
Using Engineering Notation
A simple key operation transforms a displayed value to engineering notation. Transform the value 1234 to engineering notation, shifting the decimal point to the right. 1234 1234

1.E-11

Transform the value 123 to engineering notation, shifting the decimal point to the left. ( ) 0.123103 ( ) 0.000123106

Calculation History

In the COMP, CMPLX, or BASE-N Mode, the calculator remembers up to approximately 200 bytes of data for the newest calculation. You can scroll and. through calculation history contents using 1+1=2 2+2=4 3+3=3 (Scrolls back.) (Scrolls back again.)
Note: Calculation history data is all cleared whenever you press , when you change to a different calculation mode, when you change the display format, or whenever you perform any reset operation.

Replay

While a calculation result is on the display, you can press the expression you used for the previous calculation. + 2.5 = 14.3 7.1 = 4.(Continuing) 3 or to edit

2.5 7.1

14.5 4.9
Note: If you want to edit a calculation when the indicator is on the right side of a calculation result display (see Reading the Display), press and to scroll the calculation. and then use

Answer Memory (Ans)

The last calculation result obtained is stored in Ans (answer) memory. Ans memory contents are updated whenever a new calculation result is displayed. To divide the result of by (Continuing) 4 30
123 + 456 = 579 = 210 (Continuing)
Variables (A, B, C, D, E, F, X, Y)
Your calculator has eight preset variables named A, B, C, D, E, F, X, and Y. You can assign values to variables and also use the variables in calculations. To assign the result of 3 + 5 to variable A To multiply the contents of variable A by 10 (Continuing) To recall the contents of variable A To clear the contents of variable A

10 (A) (A)

(Continuing) 0 (STO)

Independent Memory (M)

You can add calculation results to or subtract results from independent memory. The M appears on the display when there is any value other than zero stored in independent memory. To clear the contents of M To add the result of to M 0 (Continuing) (STO) (M)

d , while dx ( f (x)) x = a d ( f (x), a, tol). tol specifies tolerance, dx which becomes when nothing is input for tol. Also see Integration
and Differential Calculation Precautions for more information. See : Function that, for a specified range of f(x), determines sum = f(a) + f(a+1) + f(a+2) +.+ f(b). Natural Display input syntax is

( f (x))

( f (x)) , x=a while Linear Display input syntax is ( f(x), a, b). a and b are integers that can be specified within the range of a b 1 10. See 10. Note: The following cannot be used in f(x), a, or b: Pol, Rec, , d/dx,. Pol, Rec : Pol converts rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates, while Rec converts polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates. See 11. Pol(x, y) = (r, ) Rec(r, ) = (x, y) Specify the angle unit before performing calculations. The calculation result for r and and for x and y are each assigned respectively to variables X and Y. Calculation result is displayed in the range of 180 180.
Rectangular Coordinates (Rec)

Polar Coordinates (Pol)

x ! : Factorial function. See
Abs : Absolute value function. Note that the input method is different depending upon whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display. See 13. Ran# : Generates a 3-digit pseudo random number that is less than 1. The result is displayed as a fraction when Natural Display is selected. See 14. RanInt# : For input of the function of the form RanInt#(a, b), which generates a random integer within the range of a to b. See 15.
nPr, nCr : Permutation (nPr) and combination (nCr) functions. See
Rnd : The argument of this function is made a decimal value and then rounded in accordance with the current number of display digits setting (Norm, Fix, or Sci). With Norm 1 or Norm 2, the argument is rounded off to 10 digits. With Fix and Sci, the argument is rounded off to the specified digit. When Fix 3 is the display digits setting, for example, the result of is displayed as 3.333, while the calculator maintains a value of 3.33333333333333 (15 digits) internally for calculation. In the case of Rnd(103) = 3.333 (with Fix 3), both the displayed value and the calculators internal value become 3.333. Because of this a series of calculations will produce different results depending on whether Rnd is used (Rnd(103) 3 = 9.999) or not used (3 = 10.000). See 17. Note: Using functions can slow down a calculation, which may delay display of the result. Do not perform any subsequent operation while waiting for the calculation result to appear. To interrupt an ongoing calculation before its result appears, press.
Integration and Differential Calculation Precautions
Integration and differential calculations can be performed in the COMP Mode ( ) only. The following cannot be used in f(x), a, b, or tol: Pol, Rec, , d/dx,. When using a trigonometric function in f(x), specify Rad as the angle unit. A smaller tol value increases precision, but it also increases calculation time. When specifying tol, use value that is or greater. Precautions for Integration Calculation Only Integration normally requires considerable time to perform. 1 For f(x) 0 where a x b (as in the case of 0 3x= 1), calculation will produce a negative result. Depending on the content of f(x) and the region of integration, calculation error that exceeds the tolerance may be generated, causing the calculator to display an error message. Precautions for Differential Calculation Only If convergence to a solution cannont be found when tol input is omitted, the tol value will be adjusted automatically to determine the solution. Non-consecutive points, abrupt fluctuation, extremely large or small points, inflection points, and the inclusion of points that cannot be differentiated, or a differential point or differential calculation result that approaches zero can cause poor precision or error.

Tips for Successful Integration Calculations
When a periodic function or integration interval results in positive and negative f(x) function values Perform separate integrations for each cycle, or for the positive part and the negative part, and then combine the results.

b a c b

f(x)dx =

f(x)dx + (

f(x)dx)

S Positive S Negative

Positive Part Negative Part (S Positive) (S Negative)
When integration values fluctuate widely due to minute shifts in the integration interval Divide the integration interval into multiple parts (in a way that breaks areas of wide fluctuation into small parts), perform integration on each part, and then combine the results.

f(x)dx +

f(x)dx +..

f(x)dx

Examples
1 sin 30= 0.5 sin10.5 = sinh 1 = 1.175201194 cosh= /2 radians = 90, 50 grads = 45 ( ) 4 To calculate e5 (SETUP) (DRG ) (DRG ) (r) (g) 30 (sin1) 0.5 (sinh) 1 (cosh1) 1

0.1.175201194 0

2 to three significant digits (Sci 3) ( )5 ( )2 (,) 16

2.97102 2.4.50100

5 log101000 = log 1000 = 3 log216 = 4
6 To calculate ln 90 (= loge 90) to three significant digits (Sci 3) (SETUP) 7 1.2 (Sci) 1.1 ( ( 2 )5 ) 2 (x3) 32

103 = 1200

(1+1)2+2 = 16 (52)3 = 32 = 2
To calculate ' 3 (= 3' = 4.242640687.) to three decimal places (Fix 3) (SETUP) (Fix) 3' 8

1ln( e

4.243 4.243

x) = 1

(X) (X) (,) (e) (e) (,)
9 To obtain the derivative at point x = /2 for the function y = sin(x) ( ( (,)

) ( ) ) ( ) 2

(X) 2 (X)
(x + 1) = 20 ( ( ) ) (X) (X) 1 (,) (,) 1
11 To convert rectangular coordinates (' , ' ) to polar coordinates (Pol) (Pol) (,) (,) 2 2

r=2,=45 r= 2 = 45

To convert polar coordinates (' , 45) to rectangular coordinates 2 (Rec) 12 (5 + 3) ! = |2 7| 2 = 10 (Abs) 2 (Abs) (,) 45 (x!)

X=1, Y=117

14 To obtain three random three-digit integers 1000 (Ran#)
(Results shown here are for illustrative purposes only. Actual results will differ.)
15 To generate random integers in the range of 1 to 6 (RanInt) 1 (,) 6
16 To determine the number of permutations and combinations possible when selecting four people from a group of 10 Permutations: Combinations: (nPr) 4 (nCr) 4

5040 210

17 To perform the following calculations when Fix 3 is selected for the number of display digits: 3 and Rnd(10 3) 3 (SETUP) (Fix) (Rnd) 3 3

10.000 9.999

Complex Number Calculations (CMPLX)
To perform complex number calculations, first press (CMPLX) to enter the CMPLX Mode. You can use either rectangular coordinates (a+bi) or polar coordinates (r ) to input complex numbers. Complex number calculation results are displayed in accordance with the complex number format setting on the setup menu. (2 + 6i) (2i) = 3 i (Complex number format: a + bi) (i) 2 (i) = ' + ' i 2 2

Note: Use the FREQ (frequency) column to input the quantity (frequency) of identical data items. Display of the FREQ column can be turned on (displayed) or off (not displayed) using the Stat Format setting on the setup menu. 1 To select linear regression and input the following data: (170, 66), (173, 68), (179, 75)

(STAT)

(A+BX)
Important: All data currently input in the Stat Editor is deleted whenever you exit the STAT Mode, switch between the single-variable and a pairedvariable statistical calculation type, or change the Stat Format setting on the setup menu. The following operations are not supported by the Stat Editor: , (M), (STO). Pol, Rec, and multi-statements also cannot be input with the Stat Editor. To change the data in a cell: In the Stat Editor, move the cursor to the cell that contains the data you want to change, input the new data, and then. press To delete a line: In the Stat Editor, move the cursor to the line that you want. to delete and then press To insert a line: In the Stat Editor, move the cursor to the location where you want to insert the line and then perform the following key operation: (STAT) (Edit) (Ins). To delete all Stat Editor contents: In the Stat Editor, perform the following key operation: (STAT) (Edit) (Del-A).
Obtaining Statistical Values from Input Data
To obtain statistical values, press while in the Stat Editor and then recall the statistical variable (x n, x2, etc.) you want. Supported statistical variables and the keys you should press to recall them are shown below. For single-variable statistical calculations, the variables marked with an asterisk (*) are available.
x2*, x*, y2, y, xy, x3, x2y, x4 (STAT) (Sum) to Number of Items: n*, Mean: *, , Population Standard Deviation: x n*, y n, Sample Standard Deviation: x n1*, y n1 (STAT) (Var) to Regression Coefficients: A, B, Correlation Coefficient: r, Estimated Values: , (STAT) (Reg) to Regression Coefficients for Quadratic Regression: A, B, C, Estimated Values: 1, 2, (STAT) (Reg) to
See the table at the beginning of this section of the manual for the regression formulas. , 1, 2 and are not variables. They are commands of the type that take an argument immediately before them. See Calculating Estimated Values for more information. Minimum Value: minX*, minY, Maximum Value: maxX*, maxY (STAT) (MinMax) to Note: While single-variable statistical calculation is selected, you can input the functions and commands for performing normal distribution calculation from the menu that appears when you perform the following key operation: (STAT) (Distr). See Performing Normal Distribution Calculations for details. 2 To input the single-variable data x = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5}, using the FREQ column to specify the number of repeats for each items ({xn; freqn} = {1;1, 2;2, 3;3, 4;2, 5;1}), and calculate the mean and population standard deviation. (SETUP) (STAT) (ON) STAT (STAT) (1-VAR) 2 (STAT) (STAT) Results: Mean: (Var) (Var) ( ) (x n)

Population Standard Deviation: 1.154700538
To calculate the linear regression and logarithmic regression correlation coefficients for the following paired-variable data and determine the regression formula for the strongest correlation: (x, y) = (20, 3150), (110, 7310), (200, 8800), (290, 9310). Specify Fix 3 (three decimal places) for results. (SETUP) (SETUP) (STAT) (OFF) (Fix) (STAT) (A+BX) (STAT) (STAT) (STAT) (STAT) (STAT) (Reg) (Type) (Reg) (Reg) (Reg) (r) (In X) (r) (A) (B)
Results: Linear Regression Correlation Coefficient: 0.923 Logarithmic Regression Correlation Coefficient: 0.998 Logarithmic Regression Formula: y = 3857.984 + 2357.532lnx
Calculating Estimated Values
Based on the regression formula obtained by paired-variable statistical calculation, the estimated value of y can be calculated for a given x-value. The corresponding x-value (two values, x1 and x2, in the case of quadratic regression) also can be calculated for a value of y in the regression formula. 4 To determine the estimate value for y when x = 160 in the regression formula produced by logarithmic regression of the data in 3. Specify Fix 3 for the result. (Perform the following operation after completing the operations in 3.) 160 (STAT) (Reg) ( )
Result: 8106.898 Important: Regression coefficient, correlation coefficient, and estimated value calculations can take considerable time when there are a large number of data items.
Performing Normal Distribution Calculations
While single-variable statistical calculation is selected, you can perform normal distribution calculation using the functions shown below from the menu that appears when you perform the following key operation: (STAT) (Distr). P, Q, R: These functions take the argument t and determine a probability of standard normal distribution as illustrated below.

P (t) Q (t) R (t)

t: This function is preceded by the argument X, and determines the

normalized variate.

5 For the single variable data {xn ; freqn} = {0;1, 1;2, 2;1, 3;2, 4;2, 5;2, 6;3, 7;4, 9;2, 10;1}, to determine the normalized variate ( t) when x = 3, and P(t) at that point up to three decimal places (Fix 3). (SETUP) (STAT) (ON) (SETUP) (Fix) (STAT) (1-VAR) STAT FIX 2 1

STAT FIX

(Distr)
Results: Normalized variate ( t): 0.762 0.223 P(t):
Base-n Calculations (BASE-N)
Press (BASE-N) to enter the BASE-N Mode when you want to perform calculations using decimal, hexadecimal, binary, and/or octal values. The initial default number mode when you enter the BASE-N Mode is decimal, which means input and calculation results use the decimal number format. Press one of the following keys to switch number modes: (DEC) for decimal, (HEX) for hexadecimal, (BIN) for binary, or (OCT) for octal. To enter the BASE-N Mode, switch to the binary mode, and calculate 112 + 12 (BASE-N) (BIN) 11 1

Continuing from above, switch to the hexadecimal mode and calculate 1F16 + 116 (HEX) 1 (F) 1
Continuing from above, switch to the octal mode and calculate 78 + 18 (OCT) Note: Use the following keys to input the letters A through F for hexadecimal values: (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F). In the BASE-N Mode, input of fractional (decimal) values and exponents is not supported. If a calculation result has a fractional part, it is cut off. The input and output ranges is 16 bits for binary values, and 32 bits for other types of values. The following shows details about input and output ranges. Base-n Mode Binary Octal Decimal Input/Output Ranges Positive: 0000000000000000 Negative: 1000000000000000 Positive: 00000000000 Negative: 20000000000 2147483648
0111111111111111 1111111111111111

17777777777 37777777777

2147483647

Hexadecimal

Positive: 00000000 Negative: 80000000

7FFFFFFF FFFFFFFF

Specifying the Number Mode of a Particular Input Value
You can input a special command immediately following a value to specify the number mode of that value. The special commands are: d (decimal), h (hexadecimal), b (binary), and o (octal). To calculate 1010 + 1016 + 102 + 108 and display the result as a decimal value (DEC) (BASE) (d) 10 (BASE) (h) 10 (BASE) (b) (BASE) (o) 10
Converting a Calculation Result to another Type of Value
You can use any one of the following key operations to convert the currently displayed calculation result to another type of value: (DEC) (decimal), (HEX) (hexadecimal), (BIN) (binary), (OCT)(octal). To calculate in the decimal mode, and then convert the result to hexadecimal, binary, and octal (DEC) 555 (HEX) 0000022B (BIN) 0000001000101011 (OCT) 00000001053
Logical and Negation Operations
Your calculator provides you with logical operators (and, or, xor, xnor) and functions (Not, Neg) for logical and negation operations on binary values. Use the menu that appears when you press (BASE) to input these logical operators and functions. All of the following examples are performed in the binary mode ( (BIN)).
To determine the logical AND of 10102 and 11002 (10102 and 11002) (BASE) (and) 1100 To determine the logical OR of 10112 and 110102 (10112 or 110102) 1011 (BASE) (or) To determine the logical XOR of 10102 and 11002 (10102 xor 11002) (BASE) (xor) 1100 To determine the logical XNOR of 11112 and 1012 (11112 xnor 1012) (BASE) (xnor) 101
To determine the bitwise complement of 10102 (Not(10102)) (BASE) (Not) To negate (take the twos complement) of 1011012 (Neg(1011012)) (BASE) (Neg) Note: In the case of a negative binary, octal or hexadecimal value, the calculator converts the value to binary, takes the twos complement, and then converts back to the original number base. For decimal (base-10) values, the calculator merely adds a minus sign.

Inputting the Step value and pressing generates and displays the number table in accordance with the parameters you specified. while the number table screen is displayed will return to Pressing the function input screen in step 2. 1 To generate a number table for the function f (x) = x2 + for the 2 range 1 x 1, incremented in steps of 0.5

(TABLE)

Note: You can use the number table screen for viewing values only. Table contents cannot be edited. The number table generation operation causes the contents of variable X to be changed. Important: The function you input for number table generation is deleted whenever you display the setup menu in the TABLE Mode and switch between Natural Display and Linear Display.
Vector Calculations (VECTOR)
Use the VECTOR Mode to perform 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional vector calculations. To perform a vector calculation, you first assign data to special vector variables (VctA, VctB, VctC), and then use the variables in the calculation as shown in the example below. 1 To assign (1, 2) to VctA and (3, 4) to VctB, and then perform the following calculation: (1, 2) + (3, 4) (VECTOR) to enter the VECTOR Mode. 1. Press 2. Press (VctA) (2). This will display the Vector Editor for input of the 2-dimensional vector for VctA.

A stands for VctA.

3. Input the elements of VctA: 1 2. 4. Perform the following key operation: (VECTOR) (Data) (VctB) (2). This will display the Vector Editor for input of the 2-dimensional vector for VctB. 4. 5. Input the elements of VctB: 3 to advance to the calculation screen, and perform the calculation 6. Press (VctA + VctB): (VECTOR) (VctA) (VECTOR) (VctB). This will display the VctAns screen with the calculation results.

VCT VCT

Ans stands for VctAns.
Note: VctAns stands for Vector Answer Memory. See Vector Answer Memory for more information.

Vector Answer Memory

Whenever the result of a calculation executed in the VECTOR Mode is a vector, the VctAns screen will appear with the result. The result also will be assigned to a variable named VctAns. The VctAns variable can be used in calculations as described below. To insert the VctAns variable into a calculation, perform the following key operation: (VECTOR) (VctAns). Pressing any one of the following keys while the VctAns screen is displayed will switch automatically to the calculation screen: , , ,. The calculation screen will show the VctAns variable followed by the operator for the key you pressed.
Assigning and Editing Vector Variable Data
Important: The following operations are not supported by the Vector Editor: , (M), (STO). Pol, Rec, and multi-statements also cannot be input with the Vector Editor. To assign new data to a vector variable: (VECTOR) (Dim), and then, on the menu that appears, 1. Press select the vector variable to which you want to assign data. 2. On the next menu that appears, select dimension (m). 3. Use the Vector Editor that appears to input the elements of the vector. 2 To assign (2, 1, 2) to VctC (VECTOR) (Dim) 2 (VctC) (3) 1 2

RAD GRA 1 0

cosh1x tanhx

x 4.x 4.x 9.E-38

tanh1x logx/lnx 10x

ex x ' x2 x x x!

nPr nCr Pol(x, y) Rec(r, )
x 9.x 9.9.x 99.99999999 9.x 230.x x x ; x 0 x 0 x 69 (x is an integer) 0 n 1 1010, 0 r n (n, r are integers) 1 {n!/(nr)!} 1 10100
n 1 1010, 0 r n (n, r are integers) n!/r! or 1 n!/(nr)! 1 10100
x , y 9.x2 + y2 9.999999999 1099
0 r 9.999999999 : Same as sinx 1099
a , b, c 0 b, c The display seconds value is subject to an error of 1 at the second decimal place. x Decimal Sexagesimal Conversions x 999999959 59
x 0: ylogx 100 x = 0: y 0 m x 0: y = n, 2 +1 (m, n are integers) n However: ylog x 100 y 0: x 0, 1/x logy 100 y = 0: x 0 y 0: x = 2n+1, 2n+1 (m 0; m, n are integers) m However: 1/x log y 100
Total of integer, numerator, and denominator must be 10 digits or less (including division marks).

RanInt#(a, b) a

b; a , b

1010; b a

Precision is basically the same as that described under Calculation Range and Precision, above. x y xy, ', 3 , x!, nPr, nCr type functions require consecutive internal calculation, which can cause accumulation of errors that occur with each calculation. Error is cumulative and tends to be large in the vicinity of a functions singular point and inflection point.

Errors

The calculator will display an error message whenever an error occurs for any reason during a calculation. There are two ways to exit an error message display: Pressing or to display the location of the error, or pressing to clear the message and calculation.
Displaying the Location of an Error
While an error message is displayed, press or to return to the calculation screen. The cursor will be positioned at the location where the error occurred, ready for input. Make the necessary corrections to the calculation and execute it again. When you input 2 = by mistake instead of 2 2=
Clearing the Error Message
While an error message is displayed, press to return to the calculation screen. Note that this also clears the calculation that contained the error.

Error Messages

Math ERROR Cause: The intermediate or final result of the calculation you are performing exceeds the allowable calculation range. Your input exceeds the allowable input range (particularly when using functions). The calculation you are performing contains an illegal mathematical operation (such as division by zero). Action: Check the input values, reduce the number of digits, and try again. When using independent memory or a variable as the argument of a function, make sure that the memory or variable value is within the allowable range for the function. Stack ERROR Cause: The calculation you are performing has caused the capacity of the numeric stack or the command stack to be exceeded. The calculation you are performing has caused the capacity of the matrix or vector stack to be exceeded. Action: Simplify the calculation expression so it does not exceed the capacity of the stack. Try splitting the calculation into two or more parts. Syntax ERROR Cause: There is a problem with the format of the calculation you are performing.

Action: Make necessary corrections. Argument ERROR Cause: There is a problem with the argument of the calculation you are performing. Action: Make necessary corrections. Dimension ERROR (MATRIX and VECTOR Modes only) Cause: The matrix or vector you are trying to use in a calculation was input without specifying its dimension. You are trying to perform a calculation with matrices or vectors whose dimensions do not allow that type of calculation. Action: Specify the dimension of the matrix or vector and then perform the calculation again. Check the dimensions specified for the matrices or vectors to see if they are compatible with the calculation. Variable ERROR (SOLVE feature only) Cause: You did not specify a solution variable, and there is no X variable in the equation you input. The solution variable that you specified is not included in the equation you input. Action: The equation you input must include an X variable when you do not specify the solution variable. Specify a variable that is included in the equation you input as the solution variable. Cant Solve Error (SOLVE feature only) Cause: The calculator could not obtain a solution. Action: Check for errors in the equation that you input. Input a value for the solution variable that is close to the expected solution and try again. Insufficient MEM Error Cause: The configuration of TABLE Mode parameters caused more than 30 X-values to be generated for a table. Action: Narrow the table calculation range by changing the Start, End, and Step values, and try again. Time Out Error Cause: The current differential or integration calculation ends without the ending condition being fulfilled. Action: Try increasing the tol value. Note that this also decreases solution precision.
Before Assuming Malfunction of the Calculator.
Perform the following steps whenever an error occurs during a calculation or when calculation results are not what you expected. If one step does not correct the problem, move on to the next step. Note that you should make separate copies of important data before performing these steps. 1. Check the calculation expression to make sure that it does not contain any errors. 2. Make sure that you are using the correct mode for the type of calculation you are trying to perform. key. This will 3. If the above steps do not correct your problem, press the cause the calculator to perform a routine that checks whether calculation functions are operating correctly. If the calculator discovers any abnormality, it automatically initializes the calculation mode and clears memory contents.

Failure to press

15.5 15.5
here as shown below will result in calculation of sin 45.

0.7071067812

Manufacturer: CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan
Responsible within the European Union: CASIO EUROPE GmbH Bornbarch Norderstedt, Germany This mark applies in EU countries only.

CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.

6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan

SA0802-A

Final Closed Parenthesis

You can omit one or more closed parentheses that come at the end of a calculation, immediately before the = key is pressed. For details, see Omitting a Final Closed Parenthesis.
Displaying a Long Expression
The display can show up to 14 characters at a time. Inputting the 15th character causes the expression to shift to the left. At this time, the ] indicator appears to the left of the expression, indicating that it runs off the left side of the screen. Input expression: 1111 + 2222 + 3333 + 444

Displayed portion:

Cursor
When the ] indicator is displayed, you can scroll left and view the hidden part by pressing the d key. This will cause the ' indicator to appear to the right of the expression. At this time, you can use the e key to scroll back.
Number of Input Characters (Bytes)
You can input up to 99 bytes of data for a single expression. Basically, each key operation uses up one byte. A function that requires two key operations to input (like 1s(sin1)) also uses only one byte. Note, however, that when you are inputting functions with Math format, each item you input uses up more than one byte. For more information, see Inputting with Math Format.
Normally the input cursor appears as a straight vertical (I) or horizontal ( ) flashing line on the display screen. When there are 10 or fewer bytes of input remaining in the current expression, the cursor changes shape to I to let you know. If the I cursor appears, terminate the expression at a convenient point and calculate the result.
k Correcting an Expression
This section explains how to correct an expression as you are inputting it. The procedure you should use depends on whether you have insert or overwrite selected as the input mode.
About the Insert and Overwrite Input Modes
With the insert mode, the displayed characters shift to the left to make room when you input a new character. With the overwrite mode, any new character you input replaces the character at the current cursor position. The initial default input mode is insert. You can change to the overwrite mode when you need it. The cursor is a vertical flashing line (I) when the insert mode is selected. The cursor is a horizontal flashing line ( ) when the overwrite mode is selected. The initial default for Linear format input is the insert mode. You can switch to the overwrite mode by pressing 1Y(INS). With Math format, you can only use the insert mode. Pressing 1Y(INS) when the Math format is selected does not switch to the overwrite mode. See Incorporating a Value into a Function for more information. The calculator automatically changes to the insert mode whenever you change the input/output format from Linear to Math.

e+1 Example 2: To input 1 + ' + MATH
Example 3: To input (1 + MATH

) 2= 5

(1+'2c5e) w*2= When you press = and obtain a calculation result using Math format, part of the expression you input can be cut off as shown in the Example 3 screen shot. If you need to view the entire input expression again, press A and then press e.
Incorporating a Value into a Function
When using Math format, you can incorporate part of an input expression (a value, an expression within parentheses, etc.) into a function. Example: To incorporate the expression inside of the parentheses of 1 + (2 + 3) + 4 into the ' function MATH

Move the cursor to here.

1Y(INS)
This changes the shape of the cursor as shown here.
This incorporates the expression in the parentheses into the function '.
If the cursor is located left of a particular value or fraction (instead of an open parentheses), that value or fraction will be incorporated into the function specified here. If the cursor is located left of function, the entire function is incorporated into the function specified here. The following examples show the other functions that can be used in the above procedure, and the required key operations to use them. Original Expression: Function Fraction log(a,b) Power Root Key Operation ' & 16(") Resulting Expression
Original Expression: Function Integral Derivative Key Operation 7 17(F) 1&(8) Resulting Expression
You can also incorporate values into the following functions. 1l($), 1i(%), !, 6, 1!(#), 1w(Abs)
Displaying Calculation Results in a Form that Includes ' , 2, etc. (Irrational Number Form)
When MthIO is selected for the input/output format, you can specify whether calculation results should be displayed in a form that includes expressions like ' and (irrational number form). 2 Pressing = after inputting a calculation displays the result using irrational number form. Pressing 1= after inputting a calculation displays the result using decimal values.
When LineIO is selected for the input/output format, calculation results are always displayed using decimal values (no irrational number form) regardless of whether you press = or 1=. form (form that includes within irrational number display) display conditions are the same as those for S-D conversion. For details, see Using S-D Transformation. Example 1: ' +' = 3' 2 MATH 1 !2e+!8=

k Percent Calculations

Inputting a value and pressing 1((%) causes the input value to become a percent. Appendix 2 () <#004> 150 20% = 30 (150 ) 100 <#003> 2% = 0.02 <#005> <#006> <#007> <#008> <#009> Calculate what percentage of 880 is 660. (75%) Increase 2500 by 15%. (2875) Discount 3500 by 25%. (2625) Discount the sum of 168, 98, and 734 by 20%. (800) If 300 grams are added to a test sample originally weighing 500 grams, what is the percentage increase in weight? (160%) <#010> What is the percentage change when a value is increased from 40 to 46? How about to 48? (15%, 20%)
k Degree, Minute, Second (Sexagesimal) Calculations
You can perform calculations using sexagesimal values, and convert values between sexagesimal and decimal.
Inputting Sexagesimal Values
The following is the syntax for inputting a sexagesimal value. {Degrees}e{Minutes}e{Seconds}e Appendix <#011> Input 2030.
Note that you must always input something for the degrees and minutes, even if they are zero.

Sexagesimal Calculations

Performing the following types of sexagesimal calculations produces a sexagesimal result. - Addition or subtraction of two sexagesimal values - Multiplication or division of a sexagesimal value and a decimal value Appendix <#012> 22030 + 3930 = 30000
Converting Values between Sexagesimal and Decimal
Pressing e while a calculation result is displayed toggles the value between sexagesimal and decimal. Appendix <#013> Convert 2.255 to its sexagesimal equivalent.
Using Multi-statements in Calculations
You can use the colon character (:) to connect two or more expressions and execute them in sequence from left to right when you press =. Example: To create a multi-statement that performs the following two calculations: 3 + 3 and LINE 3+3S7(:)3*3
Disp indicates this is an intermediate result of a multi-statement.
Using Calculation History Memory and Replay
Calculation history memory maintains a record of each calculation expression you input and execute, and its result. Modes that support calculation history memory: COMP (N1), CMPLX (N2), BASE-N (N4)

Example: To perform the calculations shown below: 123 + 456 = 579 = 210 LINE 123+456=

789-G=

k Independent Memory (M)
You can add calculation results to or subtract results from independent memory. The M appears on the display when independent memory contains a value.
Independent Memory Overview
The following is a summary of the different operations you can perform using independent memory. To do this: Add the displayed value or result of the expression to independent memory Subtract the displayed value or result of the expression from independent memory Recall current independent memory contents Perform this key operation: m

1m(M) tm(M)

You can also insert the M variable into a calculation, which tells the calculator to use the current independent memory contents at that location. The following is the key operation for inserting the M variable. Sm(M) The M indicator appears in the upper left of the display when there is any value other than zero stored in independent memory. Independent memory contents are maintained even if you press the A key, change the calculation mode, or turn off the calculator.
Calculation Examples Using Independent Memory
If the M indicator is on the display, perform the procedure under Clearing Independent Memory before performing this example. Example: 23 + 9 = 32 23+9m = 47 53-6m )= 90 45*21m(M) = 33 99/3m (Total) 22 tm(M)
Clearing Independent Memory
Press01t(STO)m. This clears independent memory and causes the M indicator to disappear from the display.
k Variables (A, B, C, D, X, Y)

Variable Overview

You can assign a specific value or a calculation result to a variable. Example: To assign the result of 3 + 5 to variable A. 3+51t(STO)y(A) Use the following procedure when you want to check the contents of a variable. Example: To recall the contents of variable A ty(A) The following shows how you can include variables inside of an expression. Example: To multiply the contents of variable A by the contents of variable B Sy(A)*Se(B)= Variable contents are maintained even if you press the A key, change the calculation mode, or turn off the calculator. Appendix <#015>
Clearing the Contents of a Specific Variable
Press 01t(STO) and then press the key for the name of the variable whose contents you want to clear. To clear the contents of variable A, for example, press 01t(STO)y(A).

k Integration Calculations
This calculator performs integration using the Gauss-Kronrod method of numerical integration. ( f(x), a, b, tol ) f(x): Function of X (All non-X variables are treated as constants.) a: Integration interval lower limit b: Integration interval upper limit tol: Tolerance range (input/output format: Linear) You can omit specification of the tolerance range. A default value of is used when you do. (, d/dx(, Pol(, Rec(, and ( cannot be used within f(x), a, b, or tol. Integration calculations can be performed in the COMP Mode only. The integration result will be negative when f(x) < 0 within an integration interval that conforms with a < x < b. Example: (0.5X2 2, 2, 2) = 5.333333333 A Time Out error occurs when an integration calculation ends without the ending condition being fulfilled. When performing an integration calculation involving trigonometric functions, specify Rad as the calculators default angle unit. Integration calculations can take considerable time to complete. A smaller tol value provides better precision, but it also causes the calculation to take more time. Specify a tol value that is or greater. You cannot input a tol value when using Math format. There may be large error in obtained integration values and errors may occur due to the type of function being integrated, the presence of positive and negative values in the integration interval, or the interval. Pressing A will interrupt an ongoing integration calculation.
Tips on Improving Integration Value Accuracy
When a periodic function or integration interval results in positive and negative f(x) function values Perform separate integrations for each cycle, or for the positive part and the negative part, and then combine the results.

S Positive S Negative

f(x)dx =

f(x)dx + (

f(x)dx)
Positive Part (S Positive)
Negative Part (S Negative)
When integration values fluctuate widely due to minute shifts in the integration interval Divide the integration interval into multiple parts (in a way that breaks areas of wide fluctuation into small parts), perform integration on each part, and then combine the results.

f(x)dx +

f(x)dx +..+

f(x)dx

Appendix <#031> (ln(x), 1, e) = 7 = 0.8 <#032> 2 , 1, 5, 110 (tol specification omitted.)
k Differential Calculations
Your calculator performs differential calculations by approximating the derivative based on centered difference approximation. d/dx( f(x), a, tol ) f(x): Function of X (All non-X variables are treated as constants.) a: Input a value to specify the point for which the derivative should be obtained (differential point) tol: Tolerance range (input/output format: Linear) You can omit specification of the tolerance range. A default value of is used when you do. (, d/dx(, Pol(, Rec(, and ( cannot be used within f(x), a, or tol. Differential calculations can be performed in the COMP Mode only. When performing a differential calculation involving trigonometric functions, specify Rad as the calculators default angle unit. A Time Out error occurs when a differential calculation ends without the ending condition being fulfilled. A smaller tol value provides better precision, but it also causes the calculation to take more time. Specify a tol value that is or greater. You cannot input a tol value when using Math format. Inaccurate results and errors can be caused by the following : - discontinuous points in x values - extreme changes in x values - inclusion of the local maximum point and local minimum point in x values - inclusion of the inflection point in x values - inclusion of undifferentiable points in x values - differential calculation results approaching zero Pressing A will interrupt an ongoing differential calculation. Appendix <#033> Determine f (

) when f(x) = sin(x)

<#034>
(tol specification omitted.) d (3x2 5x + 2, 2, 11012) = 7 dx

k Calculations

With (, you can obtain the sum of an input f(x) expression for a specific range. calculations are performed using the following formula.
( f(x), a, b) = f(a) + f(a + 1) +. + f(b) f(x): Function of X (All non-X variables are treated as a: b:
constants.) Calculation range start point Calculation range end point
a and b are integers in the range of 10 < a < b < 1 1010. The calculation step is fixed at 1. (, d/dx(, Pol(, Rec(, and ( cannot be used within f(x), a, or b. Pressing A will interrupt an ongoing calculation. Appendix <#035> (X + 1, 1, 5) = 20
k Rectangular-Polar Coordinate Conversion
Rectangular Coordinates (Rec)

Polar Coordinates (Pol)

Coordinate conversion can be performed in the COMP, STAT, MATRIX, and VECTOR calculation modes. Converting to Polar Coordinates (Pol) Pol(X, Y) X: Specifies the rectangular coordinate X value Y: Specifies the rectangular coordinate Y value Calculation result is displayed in the range of 180 < < 180. Calculation result is displayed using the calculators default angle unit. Calculation result r is assigned to variable X, while is assigned to Y. Converting to Rectangular Coordinates (Rec) Rec(r,) r : Specifies r value of polar coordinate : Specifies value of polar coordinate Input value is treated as an angle value, in accordance with the calculators default angle unit setting. Calculation result x is assigned to variable X, while y is assigned to Y.
If you perform coordinate conversion inside of an expression instead of a stand-alone operation, the calculation is performed using only the first value (either the r-value or the X-value) produced by the conversion. Example: Pol (' ' + 5 = 2 + 5 = 7 2, 2) Appendix <#036> to <#037>

k Other Functions

This section explains how to use the functions shown below. !, Abs(, Ran#, nPr, nCr, Rnd( These functions can be used in the same modes as the trigonometric functions. In addition, the Abs( and Rnd( functions can be used in complex number calculations in the CMPLX Mode.

Factorial (!)

This function obtains the factorials of a value that is zero or a positive integer. Appendix <#038> (5 + 3)! = 40320
Absolute Value Calculation (Abs)
When you are performing a real number calculation, this function simply obtains the absolute value. Appendix <#039> Abs (2 7) = 5

Random Number (Ran#)

This function generates a 3-digit pseudo random number that is less than 1. Appendix <#040> Generate three 3-digit random numbers. The random 3 digit decimal values are converted to 3-digit integer values by multiplying by 1000. Note that the values shown here are examples only. Values actually generated by your calculator will be different.

FREQ (Frequency) Column

If you turn on the Statistical Display item on the calculators setup screen, a column labeled FREQ will also be included on the STAT editor screen.
You can use the FREQ column to specify the frequency (the number of times the same sample appears in the group of data) of each sample value.
Rules for Inputting Sample Data on the STAT Editor Screen
Data you input is inserted into the cell where the cursor is located. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor between cells.
The values and expressions you can input on the STAT editor screen are the same as those you can input in the COMP Mode with Linear format. Pressing A while inputting data clears your current input. After inputting a value, press =. This registers the value and displays up to six of its digits in the currently selected cell. Example: To input the value 123.45 in cell X1 (Move the cursor to cell X1.) 123.45
The value you input appears in the formula area.
Registering a value causes the cursor to move down one cell.
STAT Editor Screen Input Precautions
The number of lines in STAT editor screen (the number of sample data values you can input) depends on the type of statistical data you selected, and on the Statistical Display setting of the calculators setup screen.
Statistical Display Statistic Type Single-variable Paired-variable
OFF (No FREQ column) 80 lines 40 lines
ON (FREQ column) 40 lines 26 lines
The following types of input are not allowed on the STAT editor screen. m, 1m(M) operations Assignment to variables (STO)
Precautions Concerning Sample Data Storage
Sample data you input is deleted automatically whenever you change to another mode from the STAT Mode or change the Statistical Display setting (which causes the FREQ column to be shown or hidden) on the calculators setup screen.

Editing Sample Data

Replacing the Data in a Cell (1) On the STAT editor screen, move the cursor to the cell you want to edit. (2) Input the new data value or expression, and then press =.
Note that you must totally replace the existing data of the cell with new input. You cannot edit parts of the existing data. Deleting a Line (1) On the STAT editor screen, move the cursor to the line you want to delete. (2) Press Y. Inserting a Line (1) On the STAT editor screen, move the cursor to the line that will be under the line you will insert. (2) Press 11(STAT)3(Edit). (3) Press 1(Ins).
Note that the insert operation will not work if the maximum number of lines allowed for the STAT editor screen are already used. Deleting All STAT Editor Contents (1) Press 11(STAT)3(Edit). (2) Press 2(Del-A). This clears all of the sample data on the STAT editor screen.

Var Sub-menu (11(STAT)5(Var)) When you want to obtain this: Number of samples Mean of the X-data Population standard deviation of the X-data Sample standard deviation of the X-data Mean of the Y-data Population standard deviation of the Y-data Sample standard deviation of the Y-data
MinMax Sub-menu (11(STAT)6(MinMax)) Select this menu item: 1minX 2maxX 3minY 4maxY When you want to obtain this: Minimum value of the X-data Maximum value of the X-data Minimum value of the Y-data Maximum value of the Y-data
Reg Sub-menu (11(STAT)7(Reg)) Select this menu item: 1A 2B 3r 4m 5n When you want to obtain this: Regression coefficient constant term A Regression coefficient B Correlation coefficient r Estimated value of x Estimated value of y
Linear Regression Calculation: <#061> to <#064>
Examples <#062> through <#064> all use the data input in Example <#061>. *1 Estimated Value (y = 3 m = ?) *2 Estimated Value (x = 2 n = ?)
Commands when Quadratic Regression Calculation (_+CX2) Is Selected
With quadratic regression, regression is performed in accordance with the following model equation.

y = A + BX + CX 2

See Appendix <#065> for information about the calculation formula used for each command. Reg Sub-menu (11(STAT)7(Reg)) Select this menu item: 1A 2B 3C 4m1 5m2 6n When you want to obtain this: Regression coefficient constant term A Linear coefficient B of the regression coefficients Quadratic coefficient C of the regression coefficients Estimated value of x1 Estimated value of x2 Estimated value of y
Sum sub-menu (sums), Var sub-menu (number of samples, mean, standard deviation), and MinMax sub-menu (maximum value, minimum value) operations are the same those for linear regression calculations. Appendix Quadratic Regression Calculation: <#066> to <#068>
Examples <#066> through <#068> all use the data input in Example <#061>.
Comments for Other Types of Regression
For details about the calculation formula of the command included in each regression type, refer to the indicated calculation formulas ( Appendix <#069> to <#073>). Statistical Calculation Type Logarithmic Regression (ln X) Model Equation Calculation Formula <#069> <#070>

y = A + Bln X

e Exponential Regression (e^X)

Matrix Calculations

(MATRIX)
You can save matrices under the names MatA, MatB, and MatC in matrix memory. Matrix calculation results are stored in a special Matrix Answer Memory named MatAns. All calculations in this section are performed in the MATRIX Mode (N6).
k Creating and Managing a Matrix
Creating a Matrix and Storing It in Matrix Memory
(1) In the MATRIX Mode, press 14(MATRIX)1(Dim). This displays the matrix selection screen.
Note that the matrix selection screen also appears whenever you enter the MATRIX Mode. (2) Press a number key (1, 2, or 3) to specify the name of the matrix you want to select. This displays a screen for configuring dimension settings. c
f (3) Press a number key (1 through 6) to specify the matrix dimension you want to use. Pressing a number key to specify the matrix dimension causes the matrix editor screen to appear.

A stands for MatA.

(4) Use the matrix editor screen to input each of the elements into the matrix. Input is subject to the same rules as those that govern the coefficient editor screen in the EQN Mode. For more information, see Rules for Inputting and Editing Coefficients. If you want to create another matrix, repeat this procedure from step (1).
Copying the Contents of One Matrix to Another Matrix
(1) Use the matrix editor screen to display the matrix you want to copy, or display the Matrix Answer Memory screen. If you want to copy Matrix A, for example, press 14(MATRIX) 2(Data)1(MatA). (2) Press 1t(STO). This causes the STO indicator to appear on the display. (3) Specify the destination of the copy operation. To specify this destination: Matrix A Matrix B Matrix C Press this key: y(MatA) e(MatB) w(MatC)
Pressing e(MatB) copies the matrix to Matrix B, and displays the matrix editor screen for Matrix B.
k Performing Matrix Calculations
Pressing A while the matrix selection screen or matrix editor screen is on the display switches to the matrix calculation screen.
Matrix Answer Memory Screen
The Matrix Answer Memory (MatAns) screen shows the results of matrix calculations.

Stands for MatAns.

You cannot edit the contents of a cell. To switch to the matrix calculation screen, press A. While the MatAns screen is on the display, you can press an arithmetic operator key (like + or -) and use the screen contents in a subsequent calculation, just as with Answer Memory contents. For more information, see Using Answer Memory to Perform a Series of Calculations.

k Matrix Menu Items

The following are the menu items on the matrix menu that appears when you press 14(MATRIX). Select this When you want to do this: menu item: 1Dim 2Data 3MatA 4MatB 5MatC 6MatAns 7det 8Trn Appendix <#096> Input MatA = <#097> Copy MatA = , MatC = 1 1. Select a matrix (MatA, MatB, MatC) and specify its dimension Select a matrix (MatA, MatB, MatC) and display its data on the matrix editor screen Input MatA Input MatB Input MatC Input MatAns Input the det( function for obtaining the determinant Input the Trn( function for obtaining a transposed data in Matrix

The values are based on ISO Standards (1992) and CODATA Recommended Values (1998). For details, see Appendix <#114>. Appendix <#115> and <#116> Perform all of these examples in the COMP Mode (N1).

Metric Conversion

The calculators built-in metric conversion commands make it simple to convert values from one unit to another. You can use the metric conversion commands in any calculation mode except for BASE-N and TABLE. To recall a metric conversion command, press 18(CONV). This displays the metric conversion command menu. Input the two-digit number that corresponds to the metric conversion you want to recall. See Appendix <#117> for a list of all of the metric conversion commands and conversion formulas. Conversion formula data is based on the NIST Special Publication 811 (1995). * cal uses the NIST value at 15C. Appendix <#118> to <#120>
Perform all of these examples in the COMP Mode (N1).

Technical Information

k Calculation Priority Sequence
The calculator performs calculations according to a calculation priority sequence. Basically, calculations are performed from left to right. Expressions within parentheses have the highest priority. The following shows the priority sequence for each individual command. 1. Function with parentheses: Pol(, Rec(

(, d/dx(, (

P(, Q(, R( sin(, cos(, tan(, sin1(, cos1(, tan1(, sinh(, cosh(, tanh(, sinh1(, cosh1(, tanh1( log(, ln(, e^(, 10^(, '(, 3'( arg(, Abs(, Conjg( Not(, Neg( det(, Trn( Rnd( 2. Functions preceded by values, powers, power roots: x2, x3, x1, x!, , , r, g, ^(, x'( Normalized variate: ' t Percent: %
3. Fractions: a b/c 4. Prefix symbol: () (negative sign) d, h, b, o (base n symbol) 5. Metric conversion commands: cm'in, etc. Statistical estimated value calculation: m, n, m1, m2 6. Permutations, combinations: nPr, nCr Complex polar form symbol: 7. Dot product: (Dot) 8. Multiplication and division: , Multiplication where sign is omitted: Multiplication sign omitted immediately before , e, variables, scientific constants (2, 5A, A, 3mp, 2i, etc.), functions with parentheses (2'(3), Asin(30), etc.) 9. Addition and subtraction: +, 10. Logical AND: and 11. Logical OR, XOR, XNOR: or, xor, xnor If a calculation contains a negative value, you may need to enclose the negative value in parentheses. If you want to square the value 2, for example, you need to input: (2)2. This is because x2 is a function preceded by a value (Priority 2, above), whose priority is greater than the negative sign, which is a prefix symbol (Priority 4). Example: y2w= (y2)w= 22 = 4 (2)2 = 4

0 x x 9.x 230.x 4.x 4.9999999991099
Functions tanhx tanh1x logx/lnx 10x
Input Range 0 x 9.x 9.x 9.9999999991099 9.9999999991099 x 99.99999999 9.9999999991099 x 230.x x x ; x G 0 x 0 x 69 (x is an integer) 0 n 11010, 0 r n (n, r are integers) 1 {n!/(nr)!} n 11010, 0 r n (n, r are integers) 1 n!/r! 110100 or 1 n!/(nr)! 110100 x, y 9.9999999991099 x2+y2 9.r 9.9999999991099 : Same as sinx a, b, c b, c x110100 Decimal Sexagesimal Conversions 00'0" x 999999959'59"
ex ' x x2 1/x 3' x x! nPr nCr

Pol(x, y) Rec(r, )

y ^(x )
x0: 110100 ylogx100 x0: y0 m x0: yn, (m, n are integers) 2n+1 However: 110100 ylogx100 y0: x G 0, 1101001/x logy100 y0: x0 y0: x2n1, 2n+1 (m G 0; m, n are integers) m However: 110100 1/x logy100
Total of integer, numerator, and denominator must be 10 digits or less (including division marks).
Precision is basically the same as that described under Calculation Range and Precision, above. ^(xy), x', 3', x!, nPr, nCr type functions require consecutive internal y calculation, which can cause accumulation of errors that occur with each calculation. Error is cumulative and tends to be large in the vicinity of a functions singular point and inflection point.

k Error Messages

The calculator will display an error message when a result exceeds the calculation range, when you attempt an illegal input, or whenever any other similar problem occurs.
When an error message appears.
The following are general operations you can use when any error message appears. Pressing d or e displays to the calculation expression editing screen you were using before the error message appeared, with the cursor located at the position of the error. For more information, see Displaying the Location of an Error. Pressing A clears the calculation expression you input before the error message appeared. You can then re-input and re-execute the calculation, if you want. Note that in this case, the original calculation will not be retained in calculation history memory.

Math ERROR

Cause The intermediate or final result of the calculation you are performing exceeds the allowable calculation range. Your input exceeds the allowable input range (particularly when using functions). The calculation you are performing contains an illegal mathematical operation (such as division by zero). Action Check the input values, reduce the number of digits, and try again. When using independent memory or a variable as the argument of a function, make sure that the memory or variable value is within the allowable range for the function.

SA0411-A

Printed in China