Chip Set NEC D3004GD (CPU, HP 00048-80063), two KS0104, LH5347 (ROM, HP 1818-6119, Ver 1.67), MB84256C (RAM)

ARMARMARM9

Toshiba T6AKI1724A Toshiba TTMP0620F 2 Toshiba T9948A Toshiba T6M53 2
TI C70011 (CPU), TI HN61256PC95 (ROM), HM6264P-15 (RAM) Sunplus SPLB31A Sunplus SPLB31A Toshiba T6A53 2
8.9999999817692 8.999999993942 8.9999999956625 8.99999999759468 8.99999999759468 8.999999998078897 8.999999998078897 8.99999999983 8.99999999983 8.9999999998326 8.9999999998326 8.999999999832568 8.999999999832569 8.999999999832570 8.999999999833 9.000000000 9.000000000 9.000000000 9.000000000 9.000000000 9.000000000 9.000000000 9.000000000 9.000000000 9.0000000000000000005 9.0000000000000335019 9.000000000029575 9.000000000029361 9.000000000029361 9.00000000010287 9.000000000102878 9.000000000102874 9.00000000733338 9.00000000733338 9.00000000733343 9.00000000733343 9.00000000733343 9.00000000733343

TI Voyager 200

TI BA-II PLUS Professional 2 (LCD) Radio Shack TRS-80 Model 100 Computer Casio Algebra fx2.0plus Casio fx-9860G Slim Corner Office ATC-139 Durabrand 828 (SC-1376 version)53,n Psion Series 3a 22 Psion Series 5 (default application) 22 Handspring Visor Calc v.3.0H j HP Jornada 548 with Eval 1.0 22, j RDCalc 2.6a 44 Palm OS V.4.0 Easy Calc. V.1.21 22, j Psion Series 5 dCalc V. 2.02 (PocketIQ) 22 Psion Diamond Mako/Revo Plus 22 Base10 SR1000 j (LCD, cosmetic variant of Spectra SSC-200) Datexx DS-834 j (LCD) (cosmetic variant of Kinpo SR19S1) Datexx DS-883 j (cosmetic variant of Kinpo SG2/Citizen SRP400G) HP-9G j (LCD) (cosmetic variant of Kinpo SG1/Citizen SRP325G) HP-30S j (LCD) Merangue SC516BL Olivetti SC2200

30,j 41,j 15

NEC V30H 22 ARMSHMHz 22 Intel Pentium IV 44 ARMARM710T 22

Sunplus SPLB30A

Spectra SSC-200 j (LCD, cosmetic variant of Base10 SR1000) Tozai ATC-763 j (LCD) (rebranded Karce KC186) Sharp PC-E500 51,m (double precision mode) Sharp PC-E500 21,m (double precision mode) HP 95LX Solver HP 100LX Solver 10 HP 200LX Solver Corvallis MicroTechnology MC-41M 41CX emulator ROM10 Compaq Ipaq 3835 with Napier 1.Compaq Ipaq with RDcalc 2.Casio fx-300ES Casio fx-115ES Casio CFX-9800G Casio CFX-9850G Casio CFX-9850Ga PLUS Casio CFX-9850GB PLUS
Intel Strong Arm 206 MHz 22 Intel Strong Arm 3950 44
9.00000000733343 9.00000000733343 9.00000000733343 9.00000000733343 9.00000000733343 9.00000000733343 9.00000000733343 9.00000000733343 9.00000000733343 9.00000000733343 9.0000000182889 9.000000098906 9.000000098906 9.000000098906 9.000000098906 9.000000098906 9.000000323899 9.0000005249742 9.000000590443 9.000000590443 9.000000590443 9.000000590443 9.000000590443 9.000000590443 9.000000590443 9.000000590443 9.000000590443 9.000000590443 9.000000590443 9.000000590443 9.000000590443 9.000000590448 9.000000590448 9.000000647930755 9.000000525 9.000000755787 9.000000847332 9.000000955917 9.000001077372

Rockwell A4001 K145IP12A, two KR514KTK145IR12A 29 K145IR12A 29 Rockwell 15473PA Rockwell ARockwell A4002PA Rockwell A4001PC 15

(8-digit LED)

Electronika MK-18M 29 (8-digit VFD) Electronika MK-37 (8-digit LED) Keystone 2050 (Pnx) Olympia CD 602
Rockwell/UniCom 202/SR (VFD) Rockwell 61R (VFD) Sanyo CZ-8106
Sears 801.58770 Electronic Slide Rule (VFD) Rockwell A4002PA
10.4382 10.4382 10.7508 10.7508 11.5261 12.199423 12.199423 12.199423 14.30605 14.30605 14.30605 14.462524 14.541191 14.770663 14.8464 14.8467 14.8467 14.8467 14.8467 15.5894 18.9119 36.583487 71.252182 71.252182 71.252182 71.252182 error error
Unisonic 799 (VFD) Unitrex Mini Handy 80SR (LED) Sharp EL-500 (VFD) Citizen SR I 2 Canon F-Omron 10SR 10,h Teal SRMelcore SC-635 (early version) Executron S874L 1 Kings Point SC-20 Casio fx-19 (VFD) Omron 10SR
Chip Set Rockwell A4001 Rockwell A4001 Hitachi HD36125 Mitsubishi M58833P 2 Hitachi HDHitachi HD3689A 1 Hitachi HD63109 MOS MCS2529-MOS MCSMOS MCS2529-123 Hitachi HD36130 Hitachi HD3689A 1 NEC PD952C 9 Matsushita MN5750 General Instruments CFGeneral Instruments CF-599

Sharp EL-5804 (LCD)

Brother 712SR 9 (VFD) National (Panasonic) JE-5001 APF Mark 62R 2 APF Mark 86r MBO alpha 1000-1 Olympia CDFacit 1110-Elektronika B3-19M 15 (LED) National Semiconductor Scientist 10 (LED) Novus 4520 Scientist 27 (LED) Novus 4525 Scientist PR 27 (LED) Privileg PR-55NC 27,34 (LED) Tamaya NC-Tamaya NC-77 10
General Instruments CF-5992 General Instruments CFMatsushita MN5752 9

Privileg 585 D-E-NC 9

Notes: a The generic 56 function scientific calculator is sold under numerous brand names in several distinct case styles. For example, this calculator is sold as the Radio Shack EC4038, DATEXX DS-700, DigiTech ATC-517 and ATC-828, Tozai ATC-828, Victor 930, Sentry CA565, LeWorld 250, and Canon F-502 (billed as having 136 functions). b Polynomial approximations used to compute trigonometric functions. c I believe this is an APF Mark 8501 manufactured for Radio Shack. d A model of the HP Spice series. e A model of the HP Voyager series. f A model of the HP Pioneer series. g The last digit is indeed different from that of more common (later?) versions of the Casio fx-7000G. h The Omron SR-10 produces a different result depending on whether or not the display format switch is in the EXP (1.2199423E01) or FLT (14.541191) position. 1

The Citizen SRP-320G, Durabrand 828 (older SC-828 version), and other related low-end graphing calculators do not compute arcsin in degrees, even when in degrees mode, as part of a formula such as the forensics formula. The arcsin step of the forensics algorithm must be computed as "sin-1 Ans". j I believe this device uses true floating point for its transcendental calculations, instead of the traditional BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) of most calculators. k The Sharp PC-1001 produces a different result depending on whether or not the display format switch is in the EXP (9.0000606185) or FLOAT (9.0039554305) position. 37 m Unexplained different results from different contributors. n There are two versions of the Durabrand 828, the older SC-828 version and the newer SC-1376 version. Data Contributors and Sources: 1 Viktor Toth 3 Bob Patton 5 Jonathan Leto 7 Herman van Elburg 9 Casimiro Poblacion 11 Rolf Viehmann 13 Anonymous 15 Sergei Frolov 17 Paul Brogger 19 Carlo Fusco 21 Dirk Duetemeyer 23 Ellis Easley 25 Alan Frederick 27 Dennis Belillo 29 Chris Morris 31 Borja Marcos 33 Helmut Meyer 35 Bill Wiese 37 Markus Sigg 39 Martin Durdiak 41 Michael Dunn 43 Bob Senzer 45 Jacob Poon 47 Fritz Gallwitz 49 Chris Chan 51 John Nolton 53 Tom Lake 55 Kirk Hobart Abbreviations: CRT - Cathode Ray Tube. LED - Light Emitting Diode. VFD - Vacuum Fluorescent Display.
Joerg Woerner Jim Battle 6 Larry Olin Horn 8 Neil Johnson 10 Katie Wasserman 12 Sam Bingham 14 Clovis N. L. Gajo 16 Russell Coleman 18 Sigurd Lasa 20 Nicholas Stein 22 Roberto Lisboa 24 Alexey Kruglov 26 Clive Marner 28 Jock Wallace 30 Iuri Wickert 32 Augustin Kosa 34 Rainer Fredrich 36 Adi Doron 38 Christian von Lettow-Vorbeck 40 Dariusz Rzonca 42 Dan Veeneman 44 Re de Wit 46 Fransisco Amaro 48 Stephen Arling 50 Tony Thimet 52 Chris Osburn 54 Stephen Kissel 56 Eugene Clement
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display. Pnx - Burroughs Panaplex II display.

fx-82ES fx-83ES fx-85ES fx-300ES fx-350ES

User's Guide

http://world.casio.com/edu/

RCA502136-001V01 A

CASIO Europe GmbH Bornbarch 10, 22848 Norderstedt, Germany

About this Manual

The MATH mark indicates an example that uses Math format, while the LINE mark indicates Linear format. For details about input/output formats, see Specifying the Input/Output Format. Keycap markings indicate what a key inputs or what function it performs. Example: 1, 2, +, -, !, A, etc. Pressing the 1 or S key followed by a second key performs the alternate function of the second key. The alternate function is indicated by the text printed above the key.

Alternate function

Keycap function
The following shows what the different colors of the alternate function key text mean. If key marking text is this color: Yellow Red It means this: Press 1 and then the key to access the applicable function. Press S and then the key to input the applicable variable, constant, or symbol.
The following shows an example of how an alternate function operation is represented in this Users Guide. Example: 1s(sin1)1= Indicates the function that is accessed by the key operation (1s) before it. Note that this is not part of the actual key operation you perform. The following shows an example of how a key operation to select an on-screen menu item is represented in this Users Guide. Example: 1(Setup) Indicates the menu item that is selected by the number key operation (1) before it. Note that this is not part of the actual key operation you perform.
The cursor key is marked with four arrows, indicating direction, as shown in the illustration nearby. In this Users Guide, cursor key operation is indicated as f, c, d, and e.

REPLAY

The displays and illustrations (such as key markings) shown in this Users Guide and the separate Appendix are for illustrative purposes only, and may differ somewhat from the actual items they represent. The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice. In no event shall CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of this product and items that come with it. Moreover, CASIO Computer Co., Ltd. shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever by any other party arising out of the use of this product and the items that come with it.
k Using the Separate Appendix
Whenever you see the symbol Appendix in this manual, it means you should refer to the separate Appendix. Example numbers (like <#021>) in this Users Guide refer to the corresponding example number in the Appendix. Specify the angle unit in accordance with the marks in the Appendix: Deg : Specify Degree for the angle unit. Rad : Specify Radian for the angle unit.
Initializing the Calculator
Perform the following procedure when you want to initialize the calculator and return the calculation mode and setup to their initial default settings. Note that this operation also clears all data currently in calculator memory. 19(CLR)3(All)=(Yes) For information about calculation modes and setup settings, see Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup. For information about memory, see Using Calculator Memory.

RCL STAT 9 FIX SCI Math $`
For a very complex calculation or some other type of calculation that takes a long time to execute, the display may show only the above indicators (without any value) while it performs the calculation internally.
Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup

k Calculation Modes

When you want to perform this type of operation: General calculations Statistical and regression calculations Generation of a number table based on an expression Select this mode: COMP STAT TABLE
Specifying the Calculation Mode
(1) Press N to display the mode menu.
(2) Press the number key that corresponds to the mode you want to select. To select the STAT Mode, for example, press 2.
k Configuring the Calculator Setup
Pressing 1N(SETUP) displays the setup menu, which you can use to control how the calculations are executed and displayed. The setup menu has two screens, which you can jump between using c and f. c
f See Adjusting Display Contrast for information about how to use ]CONT'.
Specifying the Input/Output Format
For this input/output format: Math Linear Perform this key operation: 1N1(MthIO) 1N2(LineIO)
Math format causes fractions, irrational numbers, and other expressions to be displayed as they are written on paper. Linear format causes fractions and other expressions to be displayed in a single line.

Math Format

Linear Format
Specifying the Default Angle Unit
To specify this as the default Perform this key operation: angle unit: Degrees Radians Grads 90 = 1N3(Deg) 1N4(Rad) 1N5(Gra) radians = 100 grads
Specifying the Number of Display Digits
To specify this: Number of Decimal Places Number of Significant Digits Exponential Display Range Perform this key operation: 1N6(Fix)09 1N7(Sci)09 1N8(Norm)1(Norm1) or 2(Norm2)
Calculation Result Display Examples Fix: The value you specify (from 0 to 9) controls the number of decimal places for displayed calculation results. Calculation results are rounded off to the specified digit before being displayed. Example: = 14.286 (Fix3) 14.29 (Fix2) Sci: The value you specify (from 1 to 10) controls the number of significant digits for displayed calculation results. Calculation results are rounded off to the specified digit before being displayed. Example: = 1.(Sci5) 1.(Sci4) Norm: Selecting one of the two available settings (Norm1, Norm2) determines the range in which results will be displayed in nonexponential format. Outside the specified range, results are displayed using exponential format. Norm1: 102 > x, x > 1010 Norm2: 109 > x, x > 1010 Example: = (Norm1) 0.005 (Norm2)

Specifying the Fraction Display Format
To specify this fraction display format: Mixed Improper Perform this key operation: 1Nc1(ab/c) 1Nc2(d/c)
Specifying the Statistical Display Format
Use the following procedure to turn display of the frequency (FREQ) column of the STAT Mode STAT editor screen on or off. To specify this: Show FREQ Column Hide FREQ Column Perform this key operation: 1Nc3(STAT)1(ON) 1Nc3(STAT)2(OFF)
Specifying the Decimal Point Display Format
To specify this decimal point display format: Dot ( ) Comma ( ) Perform this key operation: 1Nc4(Disp)1(Dot)

1Nc4(Disp)2(Comma)

The setting you configure here is applied for calculation results only. The decimal point for input values is always a dot ( ).
k Initializing the Calculation Mode and Other Settings
Performing the following procedure initializes the calculation mode and other setup settings as shown below. 19(CLR)1(Setup)=(Yes) This setting: Calculation Mode Input/Output Format Angle Unit Display Digits Fraction Display Format Statistical Display Decimal Point Is initialized to this: COMP MthIO Deg Norm1 d/c OFF Dot
To cancel initialization without doing anything, press A(Cancel) instead of =.
Inputting Expressions and Values
k Inputting a Calculation Expression Using Standard Format
Your calculator lets you input calculation expressions just as they are written. Then simply press the = key to execute it. The calculator automatically judges the calculation priority sequence for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, functions, and parentheses. Example: 2 (5 + 4) 2 (3) = LINE 2(5+4)2*y3=
Inputting a Function with Parenthesis
When you input any of the functions shown below, it is automatically input with the open parenthesis ( ( ) character. Next, you need to input the argument and the closing parenthesis ( ) ). sin(, cos(, tan(, sin1(, cos1(, tan1(, sinh(, cosh(, tanh(, sinh1(, cosh1(, tanh1(, log(, ln(, e^(, 10^(, '(, 3'(, Abs(, Pol(, Rec(, Rnd( Example: sin 30 = LINE s30)=

Pressing s inputs sin(.

Math Format Input Examples
The following operations are all performed while Math format is selected. Pay close attention to the location and size of the cursor on the display when you input using Math format. Example 1: To input 23 + 1 MATH
e+1 Example 2: To input 1 + ' + MATH
e+3 Example 3: To input (1 + MATH (1+'2c5e) w*2= When you press = and obtain a calculation result using Math format, part of the expression you input can be cut off as shown in the Example 3 screen shot. If you need to view the entire input expression again, press A and then press e. ) 2= 5
Incorporating a Value into a Function
When using Math format, you can incorporate part of an input expression (a value, an expression within parentheses, etc.) into a function. Example: To incorporate the expression inside of the parentheses of 1 + (2 + 3) + 4 into the ' function MATH

Move the cursor to here.

1Y(INS)
This changes the shape of the cursor as shown here.
This incorporates the expression in the parentheses into the function '.
If the cursor is located left of a particular value or fraction (instead of an open parentheses), that value or fraction will be incorporated into the function specified here. If the cursor is located left of function, the entire function is incorporated into the function specified here.
The following examples show the other functions that can be used in the above procedure, and the required key operations to use them. Original Expression: Function Fraction log(a,b) Power Root Key Operation ' & 16(") Resulting Expression
You can also incorporate values into the following functions. 1l($), 1i(%), !, 6, 1!(#), D
Displaying Calculation Results in a Form that Includes ' , 2, etc. (Irrational Number Form)
When MthIO is selected for the input/output format, you can specify whether calculation results should be displayed in a form that includes expressions like ' and (irrational number form). 2 Pressing = after inputting a calculation displays the result using irrational number form. Pressing 1= after inputting a calculation displays the result using decimal values.
When LineIO is selected for the input/output format, calculation results are always displayed using decimal values (no irrational number form) regardless of whether you press = or 1=. form (form that includes within irrational number display) display conditions are the same as those for S-D conversion. For details, see Using S-D Transformation. Example 1: ' +' = 3' 2 MATH 1 !2e+!8=

!2e+!81=

Example 2: sin (60) = MATH

' s60=

(Angle Unit: Deg)
Example 3: sin1 (0.5) = MATH

(Angle Unit: Rad)

1s(sin1)0.5=
The following are the calculations for which ' form (form that includes ' within irrational number display) results can be displayed. a. Arithmetic calculations of values with square root symbol ('), x2, x3, x1 b. Trigonometric function calculations The following are the input value ranges for which ' form is always used for display of trigonometric calculation results. Angle Unit Setting Deg Rad Gra Angle Value Input Units of Multiples of radians Multiples of grads 3 Input Value Range for ' Form Calculation Result
x < x < 20 x < 10000
Calculation results may be displayed in decimal form for input values outside of the above ranges.
k ' Form Calculation Range
Results that include square root symbols can have up to two terms (an integer term is also counted as a term). ' form calculation results use display formats like those shown below.
b e a', d a', a' d' b b c f
The following shows the range for each of the coefficients (a, b, c, d,

e, f ).

1 < a < 100, 1 < b < 1000, 1 < c < < d < 100, 0 < e < 1000, 1 < f < 100

Example:

2' 4 = 8' 35' 3 = 148.(= 105' 2) 150' 2 = 8.2 (3 2' ) = 6 4' 23 (5 2' ) = 35.(= 115 46' ) 3 10' + 15 3' = 45' + 10' 15 (10' + 3' ) = 290.3 (= 45' + 150' ) ' + ' + ' = ' + 3' 2 ' + ' + ' = 5.' form decimal form ' form decimal form ' form decimal form ' form decimal form
The underlined areas in the above examples indicate what caused decimal form to be used. Reasons why the results of the examples are displayed in decimal form - Value outside of the allowable range - More than two terms in the calculation result Calculation results displayed in ' form are reduced to a common denominator.
a' + d' a' + d' b e b e c f c
c is the least common multiple of c and f. Since calculation results are reduced to a common denominator, they are displayed in ' form even if coefficients (a, c, and d) are outside the corresponding ranges of coefficients (a, c, and d). ' ' 10' + 11' + = Example: 110 The result is displayed in decimal form even when any intermediate result has three or more terms. Example: (1 + ' + ' )(1 ' ' )(= 4 2' ) 6 = 8.898979486 If a term is encountered during the calculation cannot be displayed as a root (') form or a fraction, the calculation result is displayed in decimal form. Example: log3 + ' = 1.891334817 2

Basic Calculations

(COMP)
This section explains how to perform arithmetic, fraction, percent, and sexagesimal calculations. All calculations in this section are performed in the COMP Mode (N1).
k Arithmetic Calculations

Use the +, -, *, and / keys to perform arithmetic calculations. Example: = 36 LINE 7*8-4*5=
The calculator automatically judges the calculation priority sequence. For more information, see Calculation Priority Sequence.
Number of Decimal Places and Number of Significant Digits
You can specify a fixed number of decimal places and significant digits for the calculation result. Example: = LINE Initial default setting (Norm1)

3 decimal places (Fix3)

3 significant digits (Sci3) For more information, see Specifying the Number of Display Digits.
Omitting a Final Closed Parenthesis
You can omit any closed parenthesis ( ) ) immediately preceding operation of the = key at the end of a calculation. This is true only in the case of Linear format.
Example: (2 + 3) (4 1) = 15 LINE (2+3)* (4-1=

k Fraction Calculations

How you should input fractions depends on the input/output format that is currently selected.
Improper Fraction Math Format Mixed Fraction

('7c3)

(1'(()2e1c3)

Denominator Numerator

Numerator Denominator Integer Part (7'3)

(2'1'3)

Under initial default settings, fractions are displayed as improper fractions. Fraction calculation results are always reduced before being displayed. Appendix 7 <#001> + = <#002> 3 + 1 = 4 (Fraction Display Format: ab/c) 3 = (Fraction Display Format: ab/c) If the total number of digits used for a mixed fraction (including integer, numerator, denominator, and separator symbols) is greater than 10, the value is automatically displayed in decimal format. The result of a calculation that involves both fraction and decimal values is displayed in decimal format.
Switching between Improper Fraction and Mixed Fraction Format b d Pressing the 1f( a ) key toggles the display fraction c c
between mixed fraction and improper fraction format.
Switching between Fraction and Decimal Format f
The format of the fraction depends on the currently selected fraction display format setting (improper fraction or mixed fraction). You cannot switch from decimal format to mixed fraction format if the total number of digits used in the mixed fraction (including integer, numerator, denominator, and separator symbols) is greater than 10. For details about the f key, see Using S-D Transformation.

k Percent Calculations

Inputting a value and pressing 1((%) causes the input value to become a percent. Appendix 2 () <#004> 150 20% = 30 (150 ) 100 <#003> 2% = 0.02 <#005> <#006> <#007> <#008> <#009> Calculate what percentage of 880 is 660. (75%) Increase 2500 by 15%. (2875) Discount 3500 by 25%. (2625) Discount the sum of 168, 98, and 734 by 20%. (800) If 300 grams are added to a test sample originally weighing 500 grams, what is the percentage increase in weight? (160%) <#010> What is the percentage change when a value is increased from 40 to 46? How about to 48? (15%, 20%)

Press01t(STO)m. This clears independent memory and causes the M indicator to disappear from the display.
k Variables (A, B, C, D, X, Y)

Variable Overview

You can assign a specific value or a calculation result to a variable. Example: To assign the result of 3 + 5 to variable A. 3+51t(STO)y(A) Use the following procedure when you want to check the contents of a variable. Example: To recall the contents of variable A ty(A) The following shows how you can include variables inside of an expression. Example: To multiply the contents of variable A by the contents of variable B Sy(A)*Se(B)= Variable contents are maintained even if you press the A key, change the calculation mode, or turn off the calculator. Appendix <#015>
Clearing the Contents of a Specific Variable
Press 01t(STO) and then press the key for the name of the variable whose contents you want to clear. To clear the contents of variable A, for example, press 01t(STO)y(A).
k Clearing the Contents of All Memories
Use the following procedure to clear the contents of Answer Memory, independent memory, and all of the variables. Press 19(CLR)2(Memory)=(Yes). To cancel the clear operation without doing anything, press A(Cancel) instead of =.

Function Calculations

This section explains how to use the calculators built-in functions. The functions available to you depends on the calculation mode you are in. The explanations in this section are mainly about the functions that are available in all calculation modes. All of the examples in this section show operation in the COMP Mode (N1). Certain function calculations may take some time to display calculation results. Before performing an operation, be sure to wait until execution of the current operation is complete. You can interrupt an ongoing operation by pressing A.
k Pi () and Natural Logarithm Base e
You can input pi () or natural logarithm base e into a calculation. The following shows the required key operations and the values this calculator uses for pi () and e. = 3.14159265358980 (15()) e = 2.71828182845904 (S5(e))
k Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions
The angle unit required by trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions is one specified as the calculators default angle unit. Before performing a calculation, be sure to specify the default angle unit you want to use. See Specifying the Default Angle Unit for more information. Appendix <#016> sin 30 = 0.5, sin10.5 = 30

k Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
Pressing the w key displays a menu of functions. Press the number key that corresponds to the function you want to input. Appendix <#017> sinh 1 = 1.175201194, cosh= 0
k Converting an Input Value to the Calculators Default Angle Unit
After inputting a value, press 1G(DRG') to display the angle unit specification menu shown below. Press the number key that corresponds to the angle unit of the input value. The calculator will automatically convert it to the calculators default angle unit.
Example: To convert the following values to degrees: radians = 90, 50 grads = The following procedure assumes that the calculators default angle unit is degrees. LINE (15()/2) 1G(DRG')2(r)=

501G(DRG') 3(g)=

Appendix <#018> cos ( radians) = 1, cos (100 grads) = 0 <#019> cos1 (1) = 180 cos1 (1) =
k Exponential Functions and Logarithmic Functions
For the logarithmic function log(, you can specify base m using the syntax log (m, n). If you input only a single value, a base of 10 is used for the calculation. ln( is a natural logarithm function with base e. You can also use the & key when inputting an expression with the form of logmn while using Math format. For details, see Appendix <#020>. Note that you must input the base (base m) when using the & key for input. Appendix <#021> to <#023> *1 A base of 10 (common logarithm) is used if no base is specified.
k Power Functions and Power Root Functions
X2, X3, X1, X^, '(, 3'(, ^'( ' Appendix <#024> to <#028>
k Rectangular-Polar Coordinate Conversion
Rectangular Coordinates (Rec)

Polar Coordinates (Pol)

Coordinate conversion can be performed in the COMP and STAT calculation modes. Converting to Polar Coordinates (Pol) Pol(X, Y) X: Specifies the rectangular coordinate X value Y: Specifies the rectangular coordinate Y value Calculation result is displayed in the range of 180 < < 180. Calculation result is displayed using the calculators default angle unit. Calculation result r is assigned to variable X, while is assigned to Y. Converting to Rectangular Coordinates (Rec) Rec(r,) r : Specifies r value of polar coordinate : Specifies value of polar coordinate Input value is treated as an angle value, in accordance with the calculators default angle unit setting. Calculation result x is assigned to variable X, while y is assigned to Y. If you perform coordinate conversion inside of an expression instead of a stand-alone operation, the calculation is performed using only the first value (either the r-value or the X-value) produced by the conversion. Example: Pol (' ' + 5 = 2 + 5 = 7 2, 2) Appendix <#029> to <#030>

k Other Functions

This section explains how to use the functions shown below. !, Abs(, Ran#, nPr, nCr, Rnd(

Factorial (!)

This function obtains the factorials of a value that is zero or a positive integer. Appendix <#031> (5 + 3)! = 40320
Absolute Value Calculation (Abs)
When you are performing a real number calculation, this function simply obtains the absolute value. Appendix <#032> Abs (2 7) = 5

Random Number (Ran#)

This function generates a 3-digit pseudo random number that is less than 1. Appendix <#033> Generate three 3-digit random numbers. The random 3 digit decimal values are converted to 3-digit integer values by multiplying by 1000. Note that the values shown here are examples only. Values actually generated by your calculator will be different.
Permutation (nPr) and Combination (nCr)
These functions make it possible to perform permutation and combination calculations. n and r must be integers in the range of 0 < r < n < 1 1010. Appendix <#034> How many four-person permutations and combinations are possible for a group of 10 people?

Rounding Function (Rnd)

This function rounds the value or the result of the expression in the functions argument to the number of significant digits specified by the number of display digits setting. Display Digits Setting: Norm1 or Norm2 The mantissa is rounded to 10 digits.
Display Digits Setting: Fix or Sci The value is rounded to the specified number of digits. Example: 14 = 400 LINE 200/7*14=
(Specifies three decimal places.) 1N6(Fix)3
(Calculation is performed internally using 15 digits.)

200/7=

The following performs the same calculation with rounding.
(Round the value to the specified number of digits.)

10(Rnd)=

(Check rounded result.)
Transforming Displayed Values
You can use the procedures in this section to transform a displayed value to engineering notation, or to transform between standard form and decimal form.
k Using Engineering Notation
A simple key operation transforms a displayed value to engineering notation. Appendix <#035> Transform the value 1,234 to engineering notation, shifting the decimal point to the right. <#036> Transform the value 123 to engineering notation, shifting the decimal point to the left.
k Using S-D Transformation
You can use S-D transformation to transform a value between its decimal (D) form and its standard (S) form (fraction, ).
Formats Supported for S-D Transformation
S-D transformation can be used to transform a displayed decimal calculation result to one of the forms described below. Performing S-D transformation again converts back to the original decimal value.
When you transform from decimal form to standard form, the calculator automatically decides the standard form to use. You cannot specify the standard form. Fraction: The current fraction display format setting determines whether the result is an improper fraction or mixed fraction. : The following are the forms that are supported. This is true only in the case of Math format. n (n is an integer.) d a b (depending on fraction display format c or c setting) Transformation to a fractional form is limited to inverse trigonometric function results and values that are normally expressed in radians. After obtaining a calculation result in ' form, you can convert it to decimal form by pressing the f key. When the original calculation result is in decimal form, it cannot be converted to ' form.

Examples of S-D Transformation
Note that S-D transformation can take some time to perform. Example: Fraction Decimal MATH '5c6= Each press of the f key toggles between the two forms. f f Appendix <#037> Fraction Decimal <#038> ' Decimal

Statistical Calculation

(STAT)
All calculations in this section are performed in the STAT Mode (N2).
Selecting a Statistical Calculation Type
In the STAT Mode, display the statistical calculation type selection screen.
k Statistical Calculation Types
Key Menu Item 1-VAR A+BX _+CX2 In X Statistical Calculation Single-variable Linear regression Quadratic regression Logarithmic regression

AB^X AX^B 1/X

e exponential regression ab exponential regression
Power regression Inverse regression

k Inputting Sample Data

Displaying the STAT Editor Screen
The STAT editor screen appears after you enter the STAT Mode from another mode. Use the STAT menu to select a statistical calculation type. To display the STAT editor screen from another STAT Mode screen, press 11(STAT)2(Data).

STAT Editor Screen

There are two STAT editor screen formats, depending on the type of statistical calculation you selected.

STAT STAT

Single-variable Statistics
Paired-variable Statistics
The first line of the STAT editor screen shows the value for the first sample or the values for their first pair of samples.

FREQ (Frequency) Column

If you turn on the Statistical Display item on the calculators setup screen, a column labeled FREQ will also be included on the STAT editor screen. You can use the FREQ column to specify the frequency (the number of times the same sample appears in the group of data) of each sample value.
Rules for Inputting Sample Data on the STAT Editor Screen
Data you input is inserted into the cell where the cursor is located. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor between cells.

k Using the STAT Menu

While the STAT editor screen or STAT calculation screen is on the display, press 11(STAT) to display the STAT menu. The content to the STAT menu depends on whether the currently selected statistical operation type uses a single variable or paired variables.

STAT Menu Items

Common Items Select this menu item: 1Type 2Data 3Edit 4Sum 5Var 6MinMax When you want to do this: Display the statistical calculation type selection screen Display the STAT editor screen Display the Edit sub-menu for editing STAT editor screen contents Display the Sum sub-menu of commands for calculating sums Display the Var sub-menu of commands for calculating the mean, standard deviation, etc. Display the MinMax sub-menu of commands for obtaining maximum and minimum values
Paired-variable Menu Item Select this menu item: When you want to do this: Display the Reg sub-menu of commands for regression calculations For details see Commands when Linear Regression Calculation (A+BX) Is Selected and Commands when Quadratic Regression Calculation (_+CX2) Is Selected.
Single-variable (1-VAR) Statistical Calculation Commands
The following are the commands that appear on the sub-menus that appear when you select 4(Sum), 5(Var), or 6(MinMax) on the STAT menu while a single-variable statistical calculation type is selected. See Appendix <#039> for information about the calculation formula used for each command. Sum Sub-menu (11(STAT)4(Sum)) Select this menu item: 1x2 2x When you want to obtain this: Sum of squares of the sample data Sum of the sample data
Var Sub-menu (11(STAT)5(Var)) Select this menu item: 1n 2o 3xn 4xn1 When you want to obtain this: Number of samples Mean of the sample data Population standard deviation Sample standard deviation
MinMax Sub-menu (11(STAT)6(MinMax)) Select this menu item: 1minX 2maxX Appendix When you want to obtain this: Minimum value Maximum value Single-variable Statistical Calculation
<#040> Select single-variable (1-VAR) and input the following data: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} (FREQ: ON) <#041> Edit the data to the following, using insert and delete: {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10} (FREQ: ON) <#042> Edit the FREQ data to the following: {1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1} (FREQ: ON) Examples <#043> through <#045> all use the same data as Example <#042>. <#043> Calculate sum of squares of the sample data and sum of the sample data. <#044> Calculate number of samples, mean, and population standard deviation. <#045> Calculate minimum value and maximum value.

k Supported Function Types
Except for the X variable, other variables (A, B, C, D, Y) and independent memory (M) are all treated as values (the current variable assigned to the variable or stored in independent memory).
Only variable X can be used as the variable of a function. The coordinate conversion (Pol, Rec) functions cannot be used for a number table generation function. Note that the number table generation operation causes the contents of variable X to be changed.
k Start, End, and Step Value Rules
Linear format is always used for value input. You can specify either values or calculation expressions (which must produce a numeric result) for Start, End, and Step. Specifying an End value that is less than the Start value causes an error, so the number table is not generated. The specified Start, End, and Step values should produce a maximum of 30 x-values for the number table being generated. Executing a number generation table using a Start, End, and Step value combination that produces more than 30 x-values causes an error.
Certain functions and Start, End, Step value combinations can cause number table generation to take a long time.

k Number Table Screen

The number table screen shows x-values calculated using the specified Start, End, and Step values, as well as the values obtained when each x-value is substituted in the function f(x). Note that you can use the number table screen for viewing values only. Table contents cannot be edited. Pressing the A key returns to the function editor screen.

k TABLE Mode Precautions

Note that changing the input/output format settings (Math format or Linear format) on the calculators setup screen while in the TABLE Mode clears the number table generation function.

Technical Information

k Calculation Priority Sequence
The calculator performs calculations according to a calculation priority sequence. Basically, calculations are performed from left to right. Expressions within parentheses have the highest priority. The following shows the priority sequence for each individual command. 1. Function with parentheses: Pol(, Rec( sin(, cos(, tan(, sin1(, cos1(, tan1(, sinh(, cosh(, tanh(, sinh1(, cosh1(, tanh1( log(, ln(, e^(, 10^(, '(, 3'( Abs( Rnd( 2. Functions preceded by values, powers, power roots: x2, x3, x1, x!, , , r, g, ^(, x'( Percent % 3. Fractions: a b/c 4. Prefix symbol: () (negative sign) 5. Statistical estimated value calculation: m, n, m1, m2 6. Permutations, combinations: nPr, nCr 7. Multiplication and division: , Multiplication where sign is omitted: Multiplication sign omitted immediately before , e, variables (2, 5A, A, etc.), functions with parentheses (2'(3), Asin(30), etc.) 8. Addition and subtraction: +, If a calculation contains a negative value, you may need to enclose the negative value in parentheses. If you want to square the value 2, for example, you need to input: (2)2. This is because x2 is a function preceded by a value (Priority 2, above), whose priority is greater than the negative sign, which is a prefix symbol (Priority 4). Example: y2w= (y2)w= 22 = 4 (2)2 = 4

Multiplication and division, and multiplication where the sign is omitted are the same priority (Priority 7), so these operations are performed from left to right when both types are mixed in the same calculation. Enclosing an operation within parentheses causes it to be performed first, so the use of parentheses can result in different calculation results. Example: 1/215()= 1/(215())= = 1.(2) = 0.1591549431

k Stack Limitations

This calculator uses memory areas called stacks to temporarily store lower calculation priority sequence values, commands, and functions. The numeric stack has 10 levels and the command stack has 24 levels, as shown in the illustration below.

Numeric Stack 5 4

Command Stack
A Stack ERROR occurs when the calculation you are performing causes the capacity of either stack to be exceeded.
k Calculation Ranges, Number of Digits, and Precision
The calculation range, number of digits used for internal calculation, and calculation precision depends on the type of calculation you are performing. Calculation Range and Precision Calculation Range Number of Digits for Internal Calculation Precision to 9.or digits In general, 1 at the 10th digit for a single calculation. Precision for exponential display is 1 at the least significant digit. Errors are cumulative in the case of consecutive calculations.
Function Calculation Input Ranges and Precision Functions sinx DEG RAD GRA cosx DEG RAD GRA 0 x x 157079632.x x x 157079632.x 11010 Input Range

Functions tanx

DEG RAD GRA
Input Range Same as sinx, except when x= (2n1)90. Same as sinx, except when x= (2n1)/2. Same as sinx, except when x= (2n1)100.
sin1x cos1x tan1x sinhx coshx sinh1x cosh1x tanhx tanh1x logx/lnx 10x
0 x x 9.x 230.x 4.x 4.x 9.x 9.x 9.9999999991099 9.9999999991099 x 99.99999999 9.9999999991099 x 230.x x x ; x G 0 x 0 x 69 (x is an integer) 0 n 11010, 0 r n (n, r are integers) 1 {n!/(nr)!} n 11010, 0 r n (n, r are integers) 1 n!/r! 110100 or 1 n!/(nr)! 110100 x, y 9.9999999991099
ex ' x x2 1/x 3' x x! nPr nCr

Pol(x, y) Rec(r, )

x2+y2 9.9999999991099
0 r 9.9999999991099 : Same as sinx a, b, c b, c x110100 Decimal Sexagesimal Conversions 000 x 99999995959

y ^(x )

x0: 110100 ylogx100 x0: y0 m x0: yn, (m, n are integers) 2n+1 However: 110100 ylogx100 y0: x G 0, 1101001/x logy100 y0: x0 y0: x2n1, 2n+1 (m G 0; m, n are integers) m However: 110100 1/x logy100
Total of integer, numerator, and denominator must be 10 digits or less (including division marks).
Precision is basically the same as that described under Calculation Range and Precision, above. ^(xy), x', 3', x!, nPr, nCr type functions require consecutive internal y calculation, which can cause accumulation of errors that occur with each calculation. Error is cumulative and tends to be large in the vicinity of a functions singular point and inflection point.