Before Using the Calculator

k Removing the Hard Case

Before using the calculator, slide its hard case downwards to remove it, and then affix the hard case to the back of the calculator as shown in the illustration below.
k Turning Power On and Off
Press O to turn on the calculator. Press 1A(OFF) to turn off the calculator.
k Adjusting Display Contrast
1N(SETUP)c6(]CONT') This displays the contrast adjustment screen. Use d and e to adjust display contrast. After the setting is the way you want, press A.
You can also adjust contrast using d and e while the mode menu (which appears when you press N) is on the display.

Important!

If adjusting display contrast does not improve display readability, it probably means that battery power is low. Replace the battery.

k About the Display

Your calculator has a 31-dot 96-dot LCD screen. Example:
Input expression Calculation result

k Display Indicators

Sample Display: This indicator:
Means this: The keypad has been shifted by pressing the 1 key. The keypad will unshift and this indicator will disappear when you press a key. The alpha input mode has been entered by pressing the S key. The alpha input mode will be exited and this indicator will disappear when you press a key. There is a value stored in independent memory. The calculator is standing by for input of a variable name to assign a value to the variable. This indicator appears after you press 1t(STO). The calculator is standing by for input of a variable name to recall the variables value. This indicator appears after you press t. The calculator is in the STAT Mode. The calculator is in the CMPLX Mode. The calculator is in the MATRIX Mode. The calculator is in the VECTOR Mode. The default angle unit is degrees. The default angle unit is radians. The default angle unit is grads. A fixed number of decimal places is in effect. A fixed number of significant digits is in effect. Math style is selected as the input/output format. Calculation history memory data is available and can be replayed, or there is more data above/below the current screen. The display currently shows an intermediate result of a multi-statement calculation.
RCL STAT CMPLX MAT VCT 9 FIX SCI Math $`
For a very complex calculation or some other type of calculation that takes a long time to execute, the display may show only the above indicators (without any value) while it performs the calculation internally.
Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup

k Calculation Modes

When you want to perform this type of operation: General calculations Complex number calculations Statistical and regression calculations Calculations involving specific number systems (binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal) Equation solution Matrix calculations Generation of a number table based on an expression Vector calculations Select this mode: COMP CMPLX STAT BASE-N EQN MATRIX TABLE VECTOR

Specifying the Decimal Point Display Format
To specify this decimal point display format: Dot ( ) Comma ( ) Perform this key operation: 1Nc5(Disp)1(Dot)

1Nc5(Disp)2(Comma)

The setting you configure here is applied for calculation results only. The decimal point for input values is always a dot ( ).
k Initializing the Calculation Mode and Other Settings
Performing the following procedure initializes the calculation mode and other setup settings as shown below. 19(CLR)1(Setup)=(Yes) This setting: Calculation Mode Input/Output Format Angle Unit Display Digits Fraction Display Format Complex Number Format Statistical Display Decimal Point Is initialized to this: COMP MthIO Deg Norm1 d/c a+bi OFF Dot
To cancel initialization without doing anything, press A(Cancel) instead of =.
Inputting Expressions and Values
k Inputting a Calculation Expression Using Standard Format
Your calculator lets you input calculation expressions just as they are written. Then simply press the = key to execute it. The calculator automatically judges the calculation priority sequence for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, functions, and parentheses. Example: 2 (5 + 4) 2 (3) = LINE 2(5+4)2*y3=
Inputting a Function with Parenthesis
When you input any of the functions shown below, it is automatically input with the open parenthesis ( ( ) character. Next, you need to input the argument and the closing parenthesis ( ) ). sin(, cos(, tan(, sin1(, cos1(, tan1(, sinh(, cosh(, tanh(, sinh1(, cosh1(, tanh1(, log(, ln(, e^(, 10^(, '(, 3'(, Abs(, Pol(, Rec(, (, d/dx(, (, P(, Q(, R(, arg(, Conjg(, Not(, Neg(, det(, Trn(, Rnd(
Example: sin 30 = LINE s30)=

Pressing s inputs sin(.

Note that the input procedure is different if you want to use Math format. For more information, see Inputting with Math Format.
Omitting the Multiplication Sign
You can omit the multiplication sign () in any of the following cases. Before an open parentheses ( ( ): 2 (5 + 4), etc. Before a function with parenthesis: 2 sin(30), 2 '(3), etc. Before a prefix symbol (excluding the minus sign): 2 h123, etc. Before a variable name, constant, or random number: 20 A, 2 , 2 i, etc.

Final Closed Parenthesis

You can omit one or more closed parentheses that come at the end of a calculation, immediately before the = key is pressed. For details, see Omitting a Final Closed Parenthesis.
Displaying a Long Expression

When using Math format, you can incorporate part of an input expression (a value, an expression within parentheses, etc.) into a function. Example: To incorporate the expression inside of the parentheses of 1 + (2 + 3) + 4 into the ' function MATH

Move the cursor to here.

1Y(INS)
This changes the shape of the cursor as shown here.
This incorporates the expression in the parentheses into the function '.
If the cursor is located left of a particular value or fraction (instead of an open parentheses), that value or fraction will be incorporated into the function specified here. If the cursor is located left of function, the entire function is incorporated into the function specified here. The following examples show the other functions that can be used in the above procedure, and the required key operations to use them. Original Expression: Function Fraction log(a,b) Power Root Key Operation ' & 16(") Resulting Expression
Original Expression: Function Integral Derivative Key Operation 7 17(F) 1&(8) Resulting Expression
You can also incorporate values into the following functions. 1l($), 1i(%), !, 6, 1!(#), 1w(Abs)
Displaying Calculation Results in a Form that Includes ' , 2, etc. (Irrational Number Form)
When MthIO is selected for the input/output format, you can specify whether calculation results should be displayed in a form that includes expressions like ' and (irrational number form). 2 Pressing = after inputting a calculation displays the result using irrational number form. Pressing 1= after inputting a calculation displays the result using decimal values.
When LineIO is selected for the input/output format, calculation results are always displayed using decimal values (no irrational number form) regardless of whether you press = or 1=. form (form that includes within irrational number display) display conditions are the same as those for S-D conversion. For details, see Using S-D Transformation. Example 1: ' +' = 3' 2 MATH 1 !2e+!8=

!2e+!81=

Example 2: sin (60) = MATH

' s60=

(Angle Unit: Deg)
Example 3: sin1 (0.5) = MATH

(Angle Unit: Rad)

1s(sin1)0.5=
The following are the calculations for which ' form (form that includes ' within irrational number display) results can be displayed. a. Arithmetic calculations of values with square root symbol ('), x2, x3, x1 b. Trigonometric function calculations c. Complex number Abs calculations d. CMPLX Mode polar coordinate display (r ) The following are the input value ranges for which ' form is always used for display of trigonometric calculation results. Angle Unit Setting Deg Rad Gra Angle Value Input Units of Multiples of radians Multiples of grads 3 Input Value Range for ' Form Calculation Result

You can specify a fixed number of decimal places and significant digits for the calculation result. Example: = LINE Initial default setting (Norm1)

3 decimal places (Fix3)

3 significant digits (Sci3) For more information, see Specifying the Number of Display Digits.
Omitting a Final Closed Parenthesis
You can omit any closed parenthesis ( ) ) immediately preceding operation of the = key at the end of a calculation. This is true only in the case of Linear format. Example: (2 + 3) (4 1) = 15 LINE (2+3)* (4-1=

k Fraction Calculations

How you should input fractions depends on the input/output format that is currently selected.
Improper Fraction Math Format

Mixed Fraction

('7c3)

(1'(()2e1c3)

Denominator Numerator
Numerator Denominator Integer Part (7'3)

(2'1'3)

Under initial default settings, fractions are displayed as improper fractions. Fraction calculation results are always reduced before being displayed. Appendix 7 <#001> + = <#002> 3 + 1 = 4 (Fraction Display Format: ab/c) 3 = (Fraction Display Format: ab/c) If the total number of digits used for a mixed fraction (including integer, numerator, denominator, and separator symbols) is greater than 10, the value is automatically displayed in decimal format. The result of a calculation that involves both fraction and decimal values is displayed in decimal format.
Switching between Improper Fraction and Mixed Fraction Format b d Pressing the 1f( a ) key toggles the display fraction c c
between mixed fraction and improper fraction format.
Switching between Fraction and Decimal Format f
The format of the fraction depends on the currently selected fraction display format setting (improper fraction or mixed fraction). You cannot switch from decimal format to mixed fraction format if the total number of digits used in the mixed fraction (including integer, numerator, denominator, and separator symbols) is greater than 10. For details about the f key, see Using S-D Transformation.

k Percent Calculations

Inputting a value and pressing 1((%) causes the input value to become a percent. Appendix 2 () <#004> 150 20% = 30 (150 ) 100 <#003> 2% = 0.02 <#005> <#006> <#007> <#008> <#009> Calculate what percentage of 880 is 660. (75%) Increase 2500 by 15%. (2875) Discount 3500 by 25%. (2625) Discount the sum of 168, 98, and 734 by 20%. (800) If 300 grams are added to a test sample originally weighing 500 grams, what is the percentage increase in weight? (160%) <#010> What is the percentage change when a value is increased from 40 to 46? How about to 48? (15%, 20%)

Clearing Independent Memory
Press01t(STO)m. This clears independent memory and causes the M indicator to disappear from the display.
k Variables (A, B, C, D, X, Y)

Variable Overview

You can assign a specific value or a calculation result to a variable. Example: To assign the result of 3 + 5 to variable A. 3+51t(STO)y(A) Use the following procedure when you want to check the contents of a variable. Example: To recall the contents of variable A ty(A) The following shows how you can include variables inside of an expression. Example: To multiply the contents of variable A by the contents of variable B Sy(A)*Se(B)= Variable contents are maintained even if you press the A key, change the calculation mode, or turn off the calculator. Appendix <#015>
Clearing the Contents of a Specific Variable
Press 01t(STO) and then press the key for the name of the variable whose contents you want to clear. To clear the contents of variable A, for example, press 01t(STO)y(A).
k Clearing the Contents of All Memories
Use the following procedure to clear the contents of Answer Memory, independent memory, and all of the variables. Press 19(CLR)2(Memory)=(Yes). To cancel the clear operation without doing anything, press A(Cancel) instead of =.

Using CALC

The CALC feature lets you input a calculation expression that contains variables, and then assign values to the variables and perform the calculation. You can use CALC in the COMP Mode (N1) and in the CMPLX Mode (N2).
k Expressions Supported by CALC
The following describes the types of expressions that can be used with CALC.
u Expressions that contain variables Example: 2X + 3Y, 5B + 3 i, 2AX + 3BY + C u Multi-statements
Example: X + Y : X (X + Y)
u Expressions with a single variable on the left
Example: {variable} = {expression} The expression on the right of the equals sign (input using Ss(=)) can contain variables. Example: Y = 2X, A = X2 + X + 3
k Example Calculation Using CALC
To start a CALC operation after inputting an expression, press the s key. Example: LINE 3*Sy(A)
Prompts for input of a value for A. Current value of A

s (or=)

To exit CALC, press A. If the expression you are using contains more than one variable, an input prompt appears for each one. Appendix <#016> Calculate an +1 = an + 2n (a1 = 1) as the value of an changes from a 2 to a 5. (Results: a 2 = 3, a 3 = 7, a 4 = 13, a5 = 21) *1 *3 *5 *7 Assigns 1 to a1. Value of a2 Assigns 2 to n. Value of a4 *2 *4 *6 *8 Assigns 1 to n. Assigns value to a2. Value of a3 Value of a5

Input equation

Solution variable

Solution
(left side) (right side) form result
The (left side) (right side) form result shows the result when the obtained solution is assigned to the solution variable. The closer this value is to zero, the higher is the precision of the obtained solution.

Continue Screen

SOLVE performs convergence a preset number of times. If it cannot find a solution, it displays a confirmation screen that shows Continue: [=], asking if you want to continue. Press = to continue or A to cancel the SOLVE operation. Appendix <#017> Solve y = x2 x + 1 for x when y = 3, 7, 13, and 21. (Solutions: x = 2, 3, 4, 5 when y = 3, 7, 13, 21 respectively) *1 Assigns 3 to Y. *2 Assigns an initial value of 1 to X.

Function Calculations

This section explains how to use the calculators built-in functions. The functions available to you depends on the calculation mode you are in. The explanations in this section are mainly about the functions that are available in all calculation modes. All of the examples in this section show operation in the COMP Mode (N1). Certain function calculations may take some time to display calculation results. Before performing an operation, be sure to wait until execution of the current operation is complete. You can interrupt an ongoing operation by pressing A.
k Pi () and Natural Logarithm Base e
You can input pi () or natural logarithm base e into a calculation. The following shows the required key operations and the values this calculator uses for pi () and e. = 3.14159265358980 (15()) e = 2.71828182845904 (S5(e)) You can use and e in any calculation mode except for BASE-N.
k Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions can be used in the COMP, STAT, EQN, MATRIX, TABLE, and VECTOR calculation modes. They can also be used in the CMPLX Mode, as long as complex numbers are not used for their arguments. The angle unit required by trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions is one specified as the calculators default angle unit. Before performing a calculation, be sure to specify the default angle unit you want to use. See Specifying the Default Angle Unit for more information. Appendix <#018> sin 30 = 0.5, sin10.5 = 30
k Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
Hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic functions can be used in the same modes as the trigonometric functions. Pressing the w key displays a menu of functions. Press the number key that corresponds to the function you want to input. Appendix <#019> sinh 1 = 1.175201194, cosh= 0
k Converting an Input Value to the Calculators Default Angle Unit
After inputting a value, press 1G(DRG') to display the angle unit specification menu shown below. Press the number key that corresponds to the angle unit of the input value. The calculator will automatically convert it to the calculators default angle unit.

Tips on Improving Integration Value Accuracy
When a periodic function or integration interval results in positive and negative f(x) function values Perform separate integrations for each cycle, or for the positive part and the negative part, and then combine the results.

S Positive S Negative

f(x)dx =

f(x)dx + (

f(x)dx)
Positive Part (S Positive)
Negative Part (S Negative)
When integration values fluctuate widely due to minute shifts in the integration interval Divide the integration interval into multiple parts (in a way that breaks areas of wide fluctuation into small parts), perform integration on each part, and then combine the results.

f(x)dx +

f(x)dx +..+

f(x)dx

Appendix <#031> (ln(x), 1, e) = <#032> , 1, 5, 1107 = 0.(tol specification omitted.)
k Differential Calculations
Your calculator performs differential calculations by approximating the derivative based on centered difference approximation. d/dx( f(x), a, tol ) f(x): Function of X (All non-X variables are treated as constants.) a: Input a value to specify the point for which the derivative should be obtained (differential point) tol: Tolerance range (input/output format: Linear) You can omit specification of the tolerance range. A default value of is used when you do. (, d/dx(, Pol(, Rec(, and ( cannot be used within f(x), a, or tol. Differential calculations can be performed in the COMP Mode only. When performing a differential calculation involving trigonometric functions, specify Rad as the calculators default angle unit. A Time Out error occurs when a differential calculation ends without the ending condition being fulfilled. A smaller tol value provides better precision, but it also causes the calculation to take more time. Specify a tol value that is or greater. You cannot input a tol value when using Math format. Inaccurate results and errors can be caused by the following : - discontinuous points in x values - extreme changes in x values - inclusion of the local maximum point and local minimum point in x values - inclusion of the inflection point in x values - inclusion of undifferentiable points in x values - differential calculation results approaching zero Pressing A will interrupt an ongoing differential calculation. Appendix <#033> Determine f (

) when f(x) = sin(x)

(tol specification omitted.) d <#034> (3x2 5x + 2, 2, 11012) = 7 dx

k Calculations

With (, you can obtain the sum of an input f(x) expression for a specific range. calculations are performed using the following formula.
( f(x), a, b) = f(a) + f(a + 1) +. + f(b) f(x): Function of X (All non-X variables are treated as a: b:
constants.) Calculation range start point Calculation range end point

a and b are integers in the range of 10 < a < b < 1 1010. The calculation step is fixed at 1. (, d/dx(, Pol(, Rec(, and ( cannot be used within f(x), a, or b. Pressing A will interrupt an ongoing calculation. Appendix <#035> (X + 1, 1, 5) = 20
k Rectangular-Polar Coordinate Conversion
Rectangular Coordinates (Rec)

Polar Coordinates (Pol)

Coordinate conversion can be performed in the COMP, STAT, MATRIX, and VECTOR calculation modes. Converting to Polar Coordinates (Pol) Pol(X, Y) X: Specifies the rectangular coordinate X value Y: Specifies the rectangular coordinate Y value Calculation result is displayed in the range of 180 < < 180. Calculation result is displayed using the calculators default angle unit. Calculation result r is assigned to variable X, while is assigned to Y. Converting to Rectangular Coordinates (Rec) Rec(r,) r : Specifies r value of polar coordinate : Specifies value of polar coordinate Input value is treated as an angle value, in accordance with the calculators default angle unit setting. Calculation result x is assigned to variable X, while y is assigned to Y.
If you perform coordinate conversion inside of an expression instead of a stand-alone operation, the calculation is performed using only the first value (either the r-value or the X-value) produced by the conversion. Example: Pol (' ' + 5 = 2 + 5 = 7 2, 2) Appendix <#036> to <#037>

k Other Functions

This section explains how to use the functions shown below. !, Abs(, Ran#, nPr, nCr, Rnd( These functions can be used in the same modes as the trigonometric functions. In addition, the Abs( and Rnd( functions can be used in complex number calculations in the CMPLX Mode.

Factorial (!)

This function obtains the factorials of a value that is zero or a positive integer. Appendix <#038> (5 + 3)! = 40320
Absolute Value Calculation (Abs)
When you are performing a real number calculation, this function simply obtains the absolute value. Appendix <#039> Abs (2 7) = 5

Random Number (Ran#)

This function generates a 3-digit pseudo random number that is less than 1. Appendix <#040> Generate three 3-digit random numbers. The random 3 digit decimal values are converted to 3-digit integer values by multiplying by 1000. Note that the values shown here are examples only. Values actually generated by your calculator will be different.
Permutation (nPr) and Combination (nCr)
These functions make it possible to perform permutation and combination calculations. n and r must be integers in the range of 0 < r < n < 1 1010. Appendix <#041> How many four-person permutations and combinations are possible for a group of 10 people?

Examples of S-D Transformation
Note that S-D transformation can take some time to perform. Example: Fraction Decimal MATH '5c6= Each press of the f key toggles between the two forms. f f Appendix <#046> Fraction Decimal <#047> ' Decimal
Complex Number Calculations

(CMPLX)

Your calculator can perform the following complex number calculations. Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division Argument and absolute value calculations Reciprocal, square and cube calculations Conjugate complex number calculations All calculations in this section are performed in the CMPLX Mode (N2). Appendix <#048> (1 + 3i) (2i) = i 2 2
k Inputting Complex Numbers
In the CMPLX Mode, the W key changes function to become an imaginary number i input key. In this section, the W key is referred to as the i key. Use the i key when inputting a complex number of the format a + bi. The key operation below shows how to input 2 + 3i, for example.

CMPLX Math

2+3i You can also input complex numbers using polar coordinate format (r ). The key operation below shows how to input 5 30, for example.
51y()30 The angle unit for argument input and result display is the calculators default angle unit.
k Calculation Result Display Format
Your calculator can display complex number calculation results in rectangular coordinate or polar coordinate format. You can select the coordinate format by configuring the calculators setup. For more information, see Specifying the Complex Number Display Format.
Examples of Calculation Results Using Rectangular Coordinate Format (a + bi ) Example 1: 2 (' + i ) = 2'+ 2i = 3.464101615 + 2i 3 3

MATH 2*(!3e+i)=

With Linear format, the real part and imaginary part are shown in two different lines. Example 2: ' 45 = 1 + i 2 MATH !2e1y()45=
Examples of Calculation Results Using Polar Coordinate Format (r ) Example 1: 2 ('+ i) = 2'+ 2i = (Angle Unit: Deg)
With Linear format, the absolute value and argument are shown in two different lines. Example 2: 1 + i = ' (Angle Unit: Deg) MATH 1+i= Argument is output in the range of 180< < 180.
Specifying the Calculation Result Display Format
You can override complex number display settings and specify the format that should be used to display calculation results. To specify rectangular coordinate format for the calculation result, perform the following key operation at the end of the calculation. 12(CMPLX)4('a+bi ) To specify polar coordinate format for the calculation result, perform the following key operation at the end of the calculation. 12(CMPLX)3('r ) Appendix <#049> 1 + i (= ' 45) = 1.2

k Conjugate Complex Number (Conjg)
You can use the following operation to obtain a conjugate complex number. 12(CMPLX)2(Conjg) Appendix <#050> Determine the conjugate of the complex number 2 + 3i.
k Absolute Value and Argument (Abs, arg)
You can use the following procedure to obtain the absolute value (|Z|) and argument (arg) on the Gaussian plane for a complex number of the format Z = a + bi. 1w(Abs); 12(CMPLX)1(arg) Appendix <#051> Obtain the absolute value and argument of 2 + 2i. *1 Absolute Value *2 Argument

Statistical Calculation

(STAT)
All calculations in this section are performed in the STAT Mode (N3).
Selecting a Statistical Calculation Type
In the STAT Mode, display the statistical calculation type selection screen.
k Statistical Calculation Types
Key Menu Item 1-VAR A+BX _+CX2 In X Statistical Calculation Single-variable Linear regression Quadratic regression Logarithmic regression

AB^X AX^B 1/X

e exponential regression ab exponential regression
Power regression Inverse regression

k Inputting Sample Data

Displaying the STAT Editor Screen
The STAT editor screen appears after you enter the STAT Mode from another mode. Use the STAT menu to select a statistical calculation type. To display the STAT editor screen from another STAT Mode screen, press 11(STAT)2(Data).

STAT Editor Screen

There are two STAT editor screen formats, depending on the type of statistical calculation you selected.

STAT STAT

Single-variable Statistics
Paired-variable Statistics
The first line of the STAT editor screen shows the value for the first sample or the values for their first pair of samples.

FREQ (Frequency) Column

If you turn on the Statistical Display item on the calculators setup screen, a column labeled FREQ will also be included on the STAT editor screen. You can use the FREQ column to specify the frequency (the number of times the same sample appears in the group of data) of each sample value.
Rules for Inputting Sample Data on the STAT Editor Screen
Data you input is inserted into the cell where the cursor is located. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor between cells.
The values and expressions you can input on the STAT editor screen are the same as those you can input in the COMP Mode with Linear format. Pressing A while inputting data clears your current input. After inputting a value, press =. This registers the value and displays up to six of its digits in the currently selected cell. Example: To input the value 123.45 in cell X1 (Move the cursor to cell X1.) 123.45
The value you input appears in the formula area.
Registering a value causes the cursor to move down one cell.
STAT Editor Screen Input Precautions
The number of lines in STAT editor screen (the number of sample data values you can input) depends on the type of statistical data you selected, and on the Statistical Display setting of the calculators setup screen.

to MatB and edit the contents 1 2.

of MatB to MatB =

The following examples use the matrices input in Examples <#096> and <#097> (MatA, MatB, MatC). <#098> MatA + MatB (Adding Two Matrices) <#099> MatA MatB, MatB MatA MatA MatB (Multiplying Two Matrices) <#100> 3 MatA (Matrix Scalar Multiplication) <#101> Obtain the determinant of Matrix A (det(MatA)). <#102> Obtain the transposition of Matrix C (Trn(MatC)). <#103> Obtain the inverse matrix of Matrix A (MatA1). Use the E key to input 1. Note that you cannot use 6 for this input.
<#104> Obtain the absolute value (Abs(MatB)) of each element of Matrix B. Use 1w(Abs). <#105> Determine the square (MatA2) or cube (MatA3) of Matrix A. Use w to specify squaring, and 1w(x3) to specify cubing. Note that you cannot use 6 for this input.
Generating a Number Table (TABLE) from a Function
All calculations in this section are performed in the TABLE Mode (N7).
k Configuring a Number Table Generation Function
The procedure below configures the number table generation function with the following settings. 1 Function: f(x) = x2 + 2 Start Value: 1, End Value: 5, Step Value: 1 LINE (1) Press N7(TABLE).

(2) Input the function.

(3) After making sure the function is the way you want, press =. This displays the start value input screen.
Indicates the initial default start value of 1.
If the initial value is not 1, press 1 to specify the initial start value for this example.
(4) After specifying the start value, press =. This displays the end value input screen.
Indicates the initial default end value of 5.
Specify the end value. (5) After specifying the end value, press =. This displays the step value input screen.
Indicates the initial default step value of 1.
Specify the step value. For details about specifying the start, end, and step values, see Start, End, and Step Value Rules. (6) After specifying the step value, press =.
Pressing the A key returns to the function editor screen.
k Supported Function Types
Except for the X variable, other variables (A, B, C, D, Y) and independent memory (M) are all treated as values (the current variable assigned to the variable or stored in independent memory). Only variable X can be used as the variable of a function. The derivative (d/dx), integration (), coordinate conversion (Pol, Rec), and sum () functions cannot be used for a number table generation function. Note that the number table generation operation causes the contents of variable X to be changed.

k Performing Vector Calculations
To perform a vector calculation, display the vector calculation screen by pressing the A key.
Vector Answer Memory Screen
The Vector Answer Memory screen shows the result of the last vector calculation.

Stands for VctAns.

You cannot edit the contents of a cell. To switch to the vector calculation screen, press A.

k Vector Menu Items

The following are the menu items on the vector menu that appears when you press 15(VECTOR). Select this menu item: When you want to do this: 1Dim 2Data 3VctA 4VctB 5VctC 6VctAns 7Dot Select a vector (VctA, VctB, VctC) and specify its dimension Select a vector (VctA, VctB, VctC) and display its data on the vector editor screen Input VctA Input VctB Input VctC Input VctAns Input the command for obtaining the dot product of a vector
Appendix <#106> Store VctA = (1, 2) and VctC = (2, 1, 2). <#107> Copy VctA = (1, 2) to VctB and then edit Vector B to VctB = (3, 4). The following examples use the vectors input in Examples <#106> and <#107> (VctA, VctB, VctC). <#108> VctA + VctB (Vector Addition) <#109> 3 VctA (Vector Scalar Multiplication) VctB 3 VctA (Calculation example using VctAns) <#110> VctA VctB (Vector Dot Product) <#111> VctA VctB (Vector Cross Product) <#112> Obtain the absolute values of VctC. <#113> Determine the size of the angle (angle unit: Deg) formed by vectors A = (1, 0, 1) and B = (1, 2, 0), and one of the size 1 vectors perpendicular to both A and B. (AB) (AB) *1 cos = , which becomes = cos1 AB AB (A B) *2 Size 1 vector perpendicular to both A and B = A B

Scientific Constants

Your calculator comes with 40 built-in constants that are commonly used in scientific calculations. You can use the scientific constants in any calculation mode except for BASE-N. To recall a scientific constant, press 17(CONST). This displays the scientific constant menu. Input the two-digit number that corresponds to the constant you want to recall. When you recall a constant, its unique symbol appears on the display. The following are all of the built-in scientific constants. 01: proton mass; 02: neutron mass; 03: electron mass; 04: muon mass; 05: Bohr radius; 06: Planck constant; 07: nuclear magneton; 08: Bohr magneton; 09: Planck constant, rationalized; 10: finestructure constant; 11: classical electron radius; 12: Compton wavelength; 13: proton gyromagnetic ratio; 14: proton Compton wavelength; 15: neutron Compton wavelength; 16: Rydberg constant; 17: atomic mass unit; 18: proton magnetic moment; 19: electron magnetic moment; 20: neutron magnetic moment; 21: muon magnetic moment; 22: Faraday constant; 23: elementary charge; 24: Avogadro constant; 25: Boltzmann constant; 26: molar volume of ideal gas; 27: molar gas constant; 28: speed of light in vacuum; 29: first radiation constant; 30: second radiation constant; 31: Stefan-Boltzmann constant; 32: electric constant; 33: magnetic constant; 34: magnetic flux quantum; 35: standard acceleration of gravity; 36: conductance quantum; 37: characteristic impedance of vacuum; 38: Celsius temperature; 39: Newtonian constant of gravitation; 40: standard atmosphere

k Before assuming malfunction of the calculator.
Perform the following steps whenever an error occurs during a calculation or when calculation results are not what you expected. If one step does not correct the problem, move on to the next step. Note that you should make separate copies of important data before performing these steps. (1) Check the calculation expression to make sure that it does not contain any errors. (2) Make sure that you are using the correct mode for the type of calculation you are trying to perform. (3) If the above steps do not correct your problem, press the O key. This will cause the calculator to perform a routine that checks whether calculation functions are operating correctly. If the calculator discovers any abnormality, it automatically initializes the calculation mode and clears memory contents. For details about initialized settings, see Initializing the Calculation Mode and Other Settings under Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup. (4) Initialize all modes and settings by performing the following operation: 19(CLR) 1(Setup) =(Yes).

Reference

k Power Requirements and Battery Replacement
Your calculator uses a TWO WAY POWER system that combines a solar cell with G13 type button battery (LR44). Normally, calculators equipped with a solar cell alone can operate only when relatively bright light is present. The TWO WAY POWER system, however, lets you continue to use the calculator as long as there is enough light to read the display.

Replacing the Battery

Dim display figures when available lighting is dim or failure of anything to appear on the display immediately when you turn on the calculator indicates that button battery power is low. Note that you will not be able to use the calculator if its button battery is dead. When any of these symptoms occur, replace the button battery. Even if the calculator is operating normally, replace the battery at least once every three years.
Removing the button battery from the calculator causes independent memory contents and values assigned to variables to be cleared.
1 Press 1A(OFF) to turn off the calculator. To ensure that you do not accidentally turn on power while replacing the battery, slide the hard case onto the front of the calculator. 2 On the back of the calculator, remove the screw and the battery cover. 3 Remove the old battery. 4 Wipe a new battery with a dry cloth, and then load it into the calculator with its positive k side facing upwards (so you can see it). 5 Replace the battery cover and secure it in place with its screw.

7 ' 6 6

As shown above, the value or expression to the right of the cursor after (INS) are pressed becomes the argument of the function that is specified next. The range encompassed as the argument is everything up to the first open parenthesis to the right, if there is one, or everything up to the first function to the right (sin(30), log2(4), etc.) , , , This capability can be used with the following functions: ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), , , ( ), (Abs).
Overwrite Input Mode (Linear Display only)
You can select either insert or overwrite as the input mode, but only while Linear Display is selected. In the overwrite mode, text you input replaces the text at the current cursor location. You can toggle between the insert and (INS). The cursor overwrite modes by performing the operations: appears as I in the insert mode and as in the overwrite mode. Note: Natural Display always uses the insert mode, so changing display format from Linear Display to Natural Display will automatically switch to the insert mode.
Correcting and Clearing an Expression
To delete a single character or function: Move the cursor so it is directly to. the right of the character or function you want to delete, and then press In the overwrite mode, move the cursor so it is directly under the character. or function you want to delete, and then press and to To insert a character or function into a calculation: Use move the cursor to the location where you want to insert the character or function and then input it. Be sure always to use the insert mode if Linear Display is selected. To clear all of the calculation you are inputting: Press
Toggling Calculation Results
While Natural Display is selected, each press of will toggle the currently displayed calculation result between its fraction form and decimal form, its form and decimal form, or its form and decimal form.
6 = 1 = 0.( ) 6 (' + 2) 2 2

0.5235987756

' = ' + 2' = 5.' + 2' 6 3

5.913591358

While Linear Display is selected, each press of will toggle the currently displayed calculation result between its decimal form and fraction form. = 0.2 = = 1 = 0.5 1
Important: Depending on the type of calculation result that is on the display key, the conversion process may take some time when you press the key will not to perform. With certain calculation results, pressing the convert the displayed value. instead of after inputting Note: With Natural Display, pressing a calculation will display the calculation result in decimal form. Pressing after that will switch to the fraction form or form of the calculation result. form of the result will not appear in this case. The

x2, x3, x ,

, , , x1 : Powers, power roots, and reciprocals. Note , , and are different depending upon that the input methods for x , whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display. See 7.
x3, x , x1. If you input 2
Note: The following functions cannot be input in consecutive sequence: x2, , for example, the final will be ignored. To 2 , press the key, and then press. input 22 , input 2
: Function for performing numerical integration using the Gauss-Kronrod method. Natural Display input syntax is b f (x), while Linear Display input a syntax is ( f (x), a, b, tol). tol specifies tolerance, which becomes when nothing is input for tol. Also see Integration and Differential Calculation Precautions and Tips for Successful Integration Calculations for more information. See 8. : Function for approximation of the derivative based on the central difference method. Natural Display input syntax is Linear Display input syntax is
d , while dx ( f (x)) x = a d ( f (x), a, tol). tol specifies tolerance, dx which becomes when nothing is input for tol. Also see Integration
and Differential Calculation Precautions for more information. See : Function that, for a specified range of f(x), determines sum = f(a) + f(a+1) + f(a+2) +.+ f(b). Natural Display input syntax is

( f (x))

( f (x)) , x=a while Linear Display input syntax is ( f(x), a, b). a and b are integers that can be specified within the range of a b 1 10. See 10. Note: The following cannot be used in f(x), a, or b: Pol, Rec, , d/dx,. Pol, Rec : Pol converts rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates, while Rec converts polar coordinates to rectangular coordinates. See 11. Pol(x, y) = (r, ) Rec(r, ) = (x, y) Specify the angle unit before performing calculations. The calculation result for r and and for x and y are each assigned respectively to variables X and Y. Calculation result is displayed in the range of 180 180.
Rectangular Coordinates (Rec)

Polar Coordinates (Pol)

x ! : Factorial function. See
Abs : Absolute value function. Note that the input method is different depending upon whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display. See 13. Ran# : Generates a 3-digit pseudo random number that is less than 1. The result is displayed as a fraction when Natural Display is selected. See 14. RanInt# : For input of the function of the form RanInt#(a, b), which generates a random integer within the range of a to b. See 15.
nPr, nCr : Permutation (nPr) and combination (nCr) functions. See
Rnd : The argument of this function is made a decimal value and then rounded in accordance with the current number of display digits setting (Norm, Fix, or Sci). With Norm 1 or Norm 2, the argument is rounded off to 10 digits. With Fix and Sci, the argument is rounded off to the specified digit. When Fix 3 is the display digits setting, for example, the result of is displayed as 3.333, while the calculator maintains a value of 3.33333333333333 (15 digits) internally for calculation. In the case of Rnd(103) = 3.333 (with Fix 3), both the displayed value and the calculators internal value become 3.333. Because of this a series of calculations will produce different results depending on whether Rnd is used (Rnd(103) 3 = 9.999) or not used (3 = 10.000). See 17. Note: Using functions can slow down a calculation, which may delay display of the result. Do not perform any subsequent operation while waiting for the calculation result to appear. To interrupt an ongoing calculation before its result appears, press.

Integration and Differential Calculation Precautions
Integration and differential calculations can be performed in the COMP Mode ( ) only. The following cannot be used in f(x), a, b, or tol: Pol, Rec, , d/dx,. When using a trigonometric function in f(x), specify Rad as the angle unit. A smaller tol value increases precision, but it also increases calculation time. When specifying tol, use value that is or greater. Precautions for Integration Calculation Only Integration normally requires considerable time to perform. 1 For f(x) 0 where a x b (as in the case of 0 3x= 1), calculation will produce a negative result. Depending on the content of f(x) and the region of integration, calculation error that exceeds the tolerance may be generated, causing the calculator to display an error message. Precautions for Differential Calculation Only If convergence to a solution cannont be found when tol input is omitted, the tol value will be adjusted automatically to determine the solution. Non-consecutive points, abrupt fluctuation, extremely large or small points, inflection points, and the inclusion of points that cannot be differentiated, or a differential point or differential calculation result that approaches zero can cause poor precision or error.
Tips for Successful Integration Calculations
When a periodic function or integration interval results in positive and negative f(x) function values Perform separate integrations for each cycle, or for the positive part and the negative part, and then combine the results.

b a c b

f(x)dx =

f(x)dx + (

f(x)dx)

S Positive S Negative

Positive Part Negative Part (S Positive) (S Negative)
When integration values fluctuate widely due to minute shifts in the integration interval Divide the integration interval into multiple parts (in a way that breaks areas of wide fluctuation into small parts), perform integration on each part, and then combine the results.

f(x)dx +

f(x)dx +..

f(x)dx

Examples
1 sin 30= 0.5 sin10.5 = sinh 1 = 1.175201194 cosh= /2 radians = 90, 50 grads = 45 ( ) 4 To calculate e5 (SETUP) (DRG ) (DRG ) (r) (g) 30 (sin1) 0.5 (sinh) 1 (cosh1) 1

0.1.175201194 0

2 to three significant digits (Sci 3) ( )5 ( )2 (,) 16

2.97102 2.4.50100

5 log101000 = log 1000 = 3 log216 = 4
6 To calculate ln 90 (= loge 90) to three significant digits (Sci 3) (SETUP) 7 1.2 (Sci) 1.1 ( ( 2 )5 ) 2 (x3) 32

(SOLVE)

Prompts for input of a value for Y

Current value of Y

Current value of X
Input an initial value for X (Here, input 1):

Solution screen

To exit SOLVE:
Note: During the time from when you press (SOLVE) until you exit SOLVE by pressing , you should use Linear Display input procedures for input. Important: Depending on what you input for the initial value for X (solution variable), SOLVE may not be able to obtain solutions. If this happens, try changing the initial value so they are closer to the solution. SOLVE may not be able to determine the correct solution, even when one exists. SOLVE uses Newtons Law, so even if there are multiple solutions, only one of them will be returned. Due to limitations in Newtons Law, solutions tend to be difficult to obtain for equations like the following: y = sin(x), y = ex, y = '. x

Solution Screen Contents

Solutions are always displayed in decimal format.
Equation (The equation you input.)

Variable solved for

Solution
(Left Side) (Right Side) result
(Left Side) (Right Side) result shows the result when the right side of the equation is subtracted from the left side, after assigning the obtained value to the variable being solved for. The closer this result is to zero, the higher the accuracy of the solution.

Continue Screen

SOLVE performs convergence a preset number of times. If it cannot find a solution, it displays a confirmation screen that shows Continue: [=], asking if you want to continue. Press to continue or to cancel the SOLVE operation. To solve y = x2 x + 1 for x when y = 3, 7, and 13 (Y) (X) (X) (=) 1
Statistical Calculations (STAT)
To start a statistical calculation, perform the key operation (STAT) to enter the STAT Mode and then use the screen that appears to select the type of calculation you want to perform. To select this type of statistical calculation: (Regression formula shown in parentheses) Press this key: Single-variable (X) Paired-variable (X, Y), linear regression ( y = A + Bx) Paired-variable (X, Y), quadratic regression ( y = A + Bx + Cx2) Paired-variable (X, Y), logarithmic regression ( y = A + Blnx) Paired-variable (X, Y), e exponential regression ( y = AeBx) Paired-variable (X, Y), ab exponential regression ( y = ABx) Paired-variable (X, Y), power regression ( y = Ax )

(1-VAR) (A+BX) ( _+CX2) (ln X) (e^X) (AB^X) (AX^B) (1/X)
Paired-variable (X, Y), inverse regression ( y = A + B/x)
Pressing any of the above keys ( to ) displays the Stat Editor. Note: When you want to change the calculation type after entering the STAT Mode, perform the key operation (STAT) (Type) to display the calculation type selection screen.

Inputting Data

Use the Stat Editor to input data. Perform the following key operation to display the Stat Editor: (STAT) (Data). The Stat Editor provides 80 rows for data input when there is an X column only, 40 rows when there are X and FREQ columns or X and Y columns, or 26 rows when there are X, Y, and FREQ columns.
Note: Use the FREQ (frequency) column to input the quantity (frequency) of identical data items. Display of the FREQ column can be turned on (displayed) or off (not displayed) using the Stat Format setting on the setup menu. 1 To select linear regression and input the following data: (170, 66), (173, 68), (179, 75)

(STAT)

(A+BX)
Important: All data currently input in the Stat Editor is deleted whenever you exit the STAT Mode, switch between the single-variable and a pairedvariable statistical calculation type, or change the Stat Format setting on the setup menu. The following operations are not supported by the Stat Editor: , (M), (STO). Pol, Rec, and multi-statements also cannot be input with the Stat Editor. To change the data in a cell: In the Stat Editor, move the cursor to the cell that contains the data you want to change, input the new data, and then. press To delete a line: In the Stat Editor, move the cursor to the line that you want. to delete and then press To insert a line: In the Stat Editor, move the cursor to the location where you want to insert the line and then perform the following key operation: (STAT) (Edit) (Ins). To delete all Stat Editor contents: In the Stat Editor, perform the following key operation: (STAT) (Edit) (Del-A).
Obtaining Statistical Values from Input Data
To obtain statistical values, press while in the Stat Editor and then recall the statistical variable (x n, x2, etc.) you want. Supported statistical variables and the keys you should press to recall them are shown below. For single-variable statistical calculations, the variables marked with an asterisk (*) are available.
x2*, x*, y2, y, xy, x3, x2y, x4 (STAT) (Sum) to Number of Items: n*, Mean: *, , Population Standard Deviation: x n*, y n, Sample Standard Deviation: x n1*, y n1 (STAT) (Var) to Regression Coefficients: A, B, Correlation Coefficient: r, Estimated Values: , (STAT) (Reg) to Regression Coefficients for Quadratic Regression: A, B, C, Estimated Values: 1, 2, (STAT) (Reg) to
See the table at the beginning of this section of the manual for the regression formulas. , 1, 2 and are not variables. They are commands of the type that take an argument immediately before them. See Calculating Estimated Values for more information. Minimum Value: minX*, minY, Maximum Value: maxX*, maxY (STAT) (MinMax) to Note: While single-variable statistical calculation is selected, you can input the functions and commands for performing normal distribution calculation from the menu that appears when you perform the following key operation: (STAT) (Distr). See Performing Normal Distribution Calculations for details. 2 To input the single-variable data x = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5}, using the FREQ column to specify the number of repeats for each items ({xn; freqn} = {1;1, 2;2, 3;3, 4;2, 5;1}), and calculate the mean and population standard deviation. (SETUP) (STAT) (ON) STAT (STAT) (1-VAR) 2 (STAT) (STAT) Results: Mean: (Var) (Var) ( ) (x n)

Population Standard Deviation: 1.154700538
To calculate the linear regression and logarithmic regression correlation coefficients for the following paired-variable data and determine the regression formula for the strongest correlation: (x, y) = (20, 3150), (110, 7310), (200, 8800), (290, 9310). Specify Fix 3 (three decimal places) for results. (SETUP) (SETUP) (STAT) (OFF) (Fix) (STAT) (A+BX) (STAT) (STAT) (STAT) (STAT) (STAT) (Reg) (Type) (Reg) (Reg) (Reg) (r) (In X) (r) (A) (B)
Results: Linear Regression Correlation Coefficient: 0.923 Logarithmic Regression Correlation Coefficient: 0.998 Logarithmic Regression Formula: y = 3857.984 + 2357.532lnx
Calculating Estimated Values
Based on the regression formula obtained by paired-variable statistical calculation, the estimated value of y can be calculated for a given x-value. The corresponding x-value (two values, x1 and x2, in the case of quadratic regression) also can be calculated for a value of y in the regression formula. 4 To determine the estimate value for y when x = 160 in the regression formula produced by logarithmic regression of the data in 3. Specify Fix 3 for the result. (Perform the following operation after completing the operations in 3.) 160 (STAT) (Reg) ( )
Result: 8106.898 Important: Regression coefficient, correlation coefficient, and estimated value calculations can take considerable time when there are a large number of data items.
Performing Normal Distribution Calculations
While single-variable statistical calculation is selected, you can perform normal distribution calculation using the functions shown below from the menu that appears when you perform the following key operation: (STAT) (Distr). P, Q, R: These functions take the argument t and determine a probability of standard normal distribution as illustrated below.

P (t) Q (t) R (t)

t: This function is preceded by the argument X, and determines the

normalized variate.

5 For the single variable data {xn ; freqn} = {0;1, 1;2, 2;1, 3;2, 4;2, 5;2, 6;3, 7;4, 9;2, 10;1}, to determine the normalized variate ( t) when x = 3, and P(t) at that point up to three decimal places (Fix 3). (SETUP) (STAT) (ON) (SETUP) (Fix) (STAT) (1-VAR) STAT FIX 2 1

Changing the Current Equation Type Setting
Press (EQN) and then select an equation type from the menu that appears. Changing the equation type causes the values of all Coefficient Editor coefficients to change to zero.
EQN Mode Calculation Examples

x + 2y = 3, 2x + 3y = 4

(EQN) (anX + bnY = cn) 2 3
(X=) 1 (Y=) 2 x y + z = 2, x + y z = 0, x + y + z = 4
(EQN) (anX + bnY + cnZ = dn) 1 4
(X=) 1 (Y=) 2 (Z=) 3 x2 + x + 3 = 0
4 (EQN) (aX2 + bX + c = 0) 3 4

' + i ' (X2=) i (X1=)

x2 2'x + 2 = 0 2
(EQN) 1 (aX2 + bX + c = 0) 2

(X=) ' 2

x3 2x2 x + 2 = 0
(EQN) 1 (aX3 + bX2 + cX + d = 0) 2

(X1=) 1 (X2=) 2 (X3=) 1

Matrix Calculations (MATRIX)
Use the MATRIX Mode to perform calculations involving matrices of up to 3 rows by 3 columns. To perform a matrix calculation, you first assign data to special matrix variables (MatA, MatB, MatC), and then use the variables in the calculation as shown in the example below.
1 To assign to MatA and to MatB, and then perform
the following calculations:

+ (MatA+MatB) 1 1

(MatAMatB), 1 2
1. Press (MATRIX) to enter the MATRIX Mode. (MatA) (2 2). 2. Press This will display the Matrix Editor for input of the elements of the matrix you specified for MatA.

A stands for MatA.

3. Input the elements of MatA: 1 1. (MATRIX) (Data) 4. Perform the following key operation: (MatB) (2 2). This will display the Matrix Editor for input of the elements of the matrix you specified for MatB. 2. 5. Input the elements of MatB: 2 to advance to the calculation screen, and perform the first 6. Press calculation (MatA MatB): (MATRIX) (MatA) (MATRIX) (MatB). This will display the MatAns screen with the calculation results.

MAT MAT

Ans stands for MatAns.
Note: MatAns stands for Matrix Answer Memory. See Matrix Answer Memory for more information. 7. Perform the next calculation (MatA+MatB): (MatA) (MATRIX) (MatB).

(MATRIX)

Matrix Answer Memory
Whenever the result of a calculation executed in the MATRIX Mode is a matrix, the MatAns screen will appear with the result. The result also will be assigned to a variable named MatAns. The MatAns variable can be used in calculations as described below. To insert the MatAns variable into a calculation, perform the following key operation: (MATRIX) (MatAns). Pressing any one of the following keys while the MatAns screen is displayed will switch automatically to the calculation screen: , , , , , , (x3). The calculation screen will show the MatAns variable followed by the operator or function for the key you pressed.

Assigning and Editing Matrix Variable Data
Important: The following operations are not supported by the Matrix Editor: , (M), (STO). Pol, Rec, and multi-statements also cannot be input with the Matrix Editor. To assign new data to a matrix variable: 1. Press (MATRIX) (Dim), and then, on the menu that appears, select the matrix variable to which you want to assign data. 2. On the next menu that appears, select dimension (m n).
3. Use the Matrix Editor that appears to input the elements of the matrix.

1 to MatC 2 To assign 1

(MATRIX) (Dim) (MatC) (2 3) 1 1
To edit the elements of a matrix variable: (MATRIX) (Data), and then, on the menu that appears, 1. Press select the matrix variable you want to edit. 2. Use the Matrix Editor that appears to edit the elements of the matrix. Move the cursor to the cell that contains the element you want to change, input the new value, and then press. To copy matrix variable (or MatAns) contents: 1. Use the Matrix Editor to display the matrix you want to copy. If you want to copy MatA, for example, perform the following key operation: (MATRIX) (Data) (MatA). If you want to copy MatAns contents, perform the following to display the (MATRIX) (MatAns). MatAns screen: (STO), and then perform one of the following key operations 2. Press to specify the copy destination: (MatA), (MatB), or (MatC). This will display the Matrix Editor with the contents of the copy destination.
Matrix Calculation Examples
The following examples use MatA = and MatC =
1 from 1 and MatB = from 1 2
1, 2. You can input a matrix variable into a key
operation by pressing following number keys:
(MATRIX) and then pressing one of the (MatA), (MatB), (MatC).
MatA (Matrix scalar multiplication). 3 MatA
4 Obtain the determinant of MatA (det(MatA)). (MATRIX) (det) MatA
5 Obtain the transposition of MatC (Trn(MatC)). (MATRIX) (Trn) MatC
6 Obtain the inverse matrix of MatA (MatA1). Note: You cannot use for this input. Use the MatA key to input 1.
7 Obtain the absolute value of each element of MatB (Abs(MatB)). (Abs) MatB 8 Determine the square and cube of MatA (MatA2, MatA3). Note: You cannot use for this input. Use to specify squaring, and (x3) to specify cubing. MatA MatA (x3)
Creating a Number Table from a Function (TABLE)
TABLE generates a number table for x and f(x) using an input f(x) function. Perform the following steps to generate a number table. 1. Press (TABLE) to enter the TABLE Mode. 2. Input a function in the format f(x), using the X variable. (X)) when generating a number Be sure to input the X variable ( table. Any variable other than X is handled as a constant. The following cannot be used in the function: Pol, Rec, , d/dx,. 3. In response to the prompts that appear, input the values you want to use, pressing after each one. For this prompt: Input this: Start? End? Input the lower limit of X (Default = 1). Input the upper limit of X (Default = 5). Note: Make sure that the End value is always greater than the Start value. Input the increment step (Default = 1). Note: The Step specifies by how much the Start value should be sequentially incremented as the number table is generated. If you specify Start = 1 and Step = 1, X sequentially will be assigned the values 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on to generate the number table until the End value is reached.

Assigning and Editing Vector Variable Data
Important: The following operations are not supported by the Vector Editor: , (M), (STO). Pol, Rec, and multi-statements also cannot be input with the Vector Editor. To assign new data to a vector variable: (VECTOR) (Dim), and then, on the menu that appears, 1. Press select the vector variable to which you want to assign data. 2. On the next menu that appears, select dimension (m). 3. Use the Vector Editor that appears to input the elements of the vector. 2 To assign (2, 1, 2) to VctC (VECTOR) (Dim) 2 (VctC) (3) 1 2
To edit the elements of a vector variable: (VECTOR) (Data), and then, on the menu that appears, 1. Press select the vector variable you want to edit. 2. Use the Vector Editor that appears to edit the elements of the vector. Move the cursor to the cell that contains the element you want to change,. input the new value, and then press To copy vector variable (or VctAns) contents: 1. Use the Vector Editor to display the vector you want to copy. If you want to copy VctA, for example, perform the following key operation: (VECTOR) (Data) (VctA). If you want to copy VctAns contents, perform the following to display the VctAns screen: (VECTOR) (VctAns). (STO), and then perform one of the following key operations 2. Press to specify the copy destination: (VctA), (VctB), or (VctC). This will display the Vector Editor with the contents of the copy destination.
Vector Calculation Examples
The following examples use VctA = (1, 2) and VctB = (3, 4) from 1 , and VctC = (2, 1, 2) from 2. You can input a vector variable into a key operation by pressing (VECTOR) and then pressing one of the following number keys: (VctA), (VctB), (VctC).
VctA (Vector scalar multiplication), 3 VctA VctB (Calculation example using VctAns) 3 VctA
4 VctA VctB (Vector dot product) VctA (VECTOR) (Dot)VctB

5 VctA

VctB (Vector cross product) VctA VctB
6 Obtain the absolute values of VctC. (Abs)VctC

To convert 31C into Fahrenheit 31 (CONV) (C F)
The following shows the two-digit numbers for each of the metric conversion commands. 01: in 05: yd cm m m 02: cm 06: m 10: m 14: 18: km 22: g in yd n mile pc oz 03: ft m km m2 m/s 04: m 08: km 12: m2 16: 20: m/s 24: kg ft mile acre gal (UK) km/h lb 07: mile 11: acre 19: km/h 23: lb kg
09: n mile 13: gal (US) 17: pc 21: oz km g

gal (US) 15: gal (UK)

25: atm 29: hp 37: F

Pa kW J C

26: Pa 30: kW 34: J 38: C

atm hp kgf m F

27: mmHg 31: kgf/cm2 35: lbf/in2 39: J cal

Pa kPa

28: Pa 36: kPa 40: cal

mmHg kgf/cm2 lbf/in2 J

Pa 32: Pa

33: kgf m

Conversion formula data is based on the NIST Special Publication 811 (1995). Note: The J cal command performs conversion for values at a temperature of 15C.
Calculation Ranges, Number of Digits, and Precision
The calculation range, number of digits used for internal calculation, and calculation precision depend on the type of calculation you are performing.
Calculation Range and Precision
Calculation Range Number of Digits for Internal Calculation Precision to 9.or digits In general, 1 at the 10th digit for a single calculation. Precision for exponential display is 1 at the least significant digit. Errors are cumulative in the case of consecutive calculations.
Function Calculation Input Ranges and Precision
Functions DEG sinx RAD GRA DEG cosx RAD GRA DEG tanx sin1x cos1x tan x sinhx coshx sinh1x

Input Range 0 0

x x x x x x

90. /2. 100.

157079632.7
Same as sinx, except when x = (2n1) Same as sinx, except when x = (2n1) Same as sinx, except when x = (2n1) 1 9.999999999 230.2585092 1099

RAD GRA 1 0

cosh1x tanhx

x 4.x 4.x 9.E-38

tanh1x logx/lnx 10x

ex x ' x2 x x x!

nPr nCr Pol(x, y) Rec(r, )
x 9.x 9.9.x 99.99999999 9.x 230.x x x ; x 0 x 0 x 69 (x is an integer) 0 n 1 1010, 0 r n (n, r are integers) 1 {n!/(nr)!} 1 10100
n 1 1010, 0 r n (n, r are integers) n!/r! or 1 n!/(nr)! 1 10100
x , y 9.x2 + y2 9.999999999 1099
0 r 9.999999999 : Same as sinx 1099
a , b, c 0 b, c The display seconds value is subject to an error of 1 at the second decimal place. x Decimal Sexagesimal Conversions x 999999959 59
x 0: ylogx 100 x = 0: y 0 m x 0: y = n, 2 +1 (m, n are integers) n However: ylog x 100 y 0: x 0, 1/x logy 100 y = 0: x 0 y 0: x = 2n+1, 2n+1 (m 0; m, n are integers) m However: 1/x log y 100

Total of integer, numerator, and denominator must be 10 digits or less (including division marks).

RanInt#(a, b) a

b; a , b

1010; b a

Precision is basically the same as that described under Calculation Range and Precision, above. x y xy, ', 3 , x!, nPr, nCr type functions require consecutive internal calculation, which can cause accumulation of errors that occur with each calculation. Error is cumulative and tends to be large in the vicinity of a functions singular point and inflection point.

Errors

The calculator will display an error message whenever an error occurs for any reason during a calculation. There are two ways to exit an error message display: Pressing or to display the location of the error, or pressing to clear the message and calculation.
Displaying the Location of an Error
While an error message is displayed, press or to return to the calculation screen. The cursor will be positioned at the location where the error occurred, ready for input. Make the necessary corrections to the calculation and execute it again. When you input 2 = by mistake instead of 2 2=
Clearing the Error Message
While an error message is displayed, press to return to the calculation screen. Note that this also clears the calculation that contained the error.

Error Messages

Math ERROR Cause: The intermediate or final result of the calculation you are performing exceeds the allowable calculation range. Your input exceeds the allowable input range (particularly when using functions). The calculation you are performing contains an illegal mathematical operation (such as division by zero). Action: Check the input values, reduce the number of digits, and try again. When using independent memory or a variable as the argument of a function, make sure that the memory or variable value is within the allowable range for the function. Stack ERROR Cause: The calculation you are performing has caused the capacity of the numeric stack or the command stack to be exceeded. The calculation you are performing has caused the capacity of the matrix or vector stack to be exceeded. Action: Simplify the calculation expression so it does not exceed the capacity of the stack. Try splitting the calculation into two or more parts. Syntax ERROR Cause: There is a problem with the format of the calculation you are performing.
Action: Make necessary corrections. Argument ERROR Cause: There is a problem with the argument of the calculation you are performing. Action: Make necessary corrections. Dimension ERROR (MATRIX and VECTOR Modes only) Cause: The matrix or vector you are trying to use in a calculation was input without specifying its dimension. You are trying to perform a calculation with matrices or vectors whose dimensions do not allow that type of calculation. Action: Specify the dimension of the matrix or vector and then perform the calculation again. Check the dimensions specified for the matrices or vectors to see if they are compatible with the calculation. Variable ERROR (SOLVE feature only) Cause: You did not specify a solution variable, and there is no X variable in the equation you input. The solution variable that you specified is not included in the equation you input. Action: The equation you input must include an X variable when you do not specify the solution variable. Specify a variable that is included in the equation you input as the solution variable. Cant Solve Error (SOLVE feature only) Cause: The calculator could not obtain a solution. Action: Check for errors in the equation that you input. Input a value for the solution variable that is close to the expected solution and try again. Insufficient MEM Error Cause: The configuration of TABLE Mode parameters caused more than 30 X-values to be generated for a table. Action: Narrow the table calculation range by changing the Start, End, and Step values, and try again. Time Out Error Cause: The current differential or integration calculation ends without the ending condition being fulfilled. Action: Try increasing the tol value. Note that this also decreases solution precision.

Failure to press

15.5 15.5
here as shown below will result in calculation of sin 45.

0.7071067812

Manufacturer: CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD. 6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan
Responsible within the European Union: CASIO EUROPE GmbH Bornbarch Norderstedt, Germany This mark applies in EU countries only.

CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.

6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan

SA0802-A