into the utilization of ultra lightweight materials for spacecraft propulsion. The Space Environmental Effects Team at MSFC is actively characterizing candidate solar sail material to evaluate the thermo-optical and mechanical properties after exposure to space environmental effects. Radiation, from a variety of sources, exists in the space environment with low energy electrons primarily dominating the distribution. Practical sails must be resistant to the effects of long duration electron exposure. For this reason, research was initiated using a 95 keV electron source to determine the hardness of several candidate sail materials. Hardness in this context is dened as the amount of electron uence (electrons/area) required to cause the sail material to fail. Solar sails are generally composed of a highly reective metallic front layer, a thin polymeric substrate, and occasionally a highly emissive back surface, State-of-the-art candidate solar sail materials are generally composed of a polymeric substrate that is 2 to 3 microns thick. This polymeric lm is coated with a thin metallic layer, usually aluminum. A typical thickness for this metallic layer is 50 nm. Two candidate solar sail materials, aluminized Mylar(trademark) and aluminized Kapton(trademark) were characterized. A radiation dose versus material depth prole was generated for each candidate sail material. This dose-depth prole was used to determine the relationship between the 95 keV electron uence and radiation dose in the sail material. The focus of this investigation was to determine the effect of a uniform dose of 95 keV electron radiation on the sail material mechanical properties. Candidate sail materials were loaded, in tension, and stress relaxation as a function of time was recorded in vacuum. Stress relaxation data was obtained for sail materials that were exposed to 95 keV electron radiation and also for sail materials not exposed to radiation. The radiation dose levels for both materials exceeded 600 Megarads (Mrads). The results of this investigation indicate the aluminized Mylar(trademark) experienced a noticeable degree of mechanical property degradation. The aluminized Kapton(trademark) appears to have a higher tolerance to electron radiation exposure. Additional research using more mission specic electron environments will be completed in the future. This paper will discuss the preliminary results of this research. Author Solar Sails; Mechanical Properties; Materials Selection; Radiation Effects; Fatigue Tests; Fatigue (Materials); Optical Properties
20030062158 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Advanced Propulsion Research Interest in Materials for Propulsion Cole, John; [2003]; 12 pp.; In English; Materials Science for Advanced Space Propulsion Workshop, 15-16 May 2003, Huntsville, AL, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy This viewgraph presentation provides an overview of material science and technology in the area of propulsion energetics. The authors note that conventional propulsion systems are near peak performance and further renements in manufacturing, engineering design and materials will only provide incremental increases in performance. Energetic propulsion technologies could potential solve the problems of energy storage density and energy-to-thrust conversion efficiency. Topics considered include: the limits of thermal propulsion systems, the need for energetic propulsion research, emerging energetic propulsion technologies, materials research needed for advanced propulsion, and potential research opportunities. Author Propulsion System Congurations; Spacecraft Propulsion; Propulsion; Research And Development; Energy Conversion Effciency; Energy Storage; Materials Science

Technology; May 2003, pp. 239-245; In English; See also 20030062842; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy According to Archimedes, a solid object that displaces a volume of uid with a weight exactly equal to the objects own weight is said to be neutrally buoyant in that uid. Absolute neutral buoyancy is rarely if ever achieved, but the concept provides an interesting problem to be solved by the proper application of composite concepts. Loosely dened, a composite material is composed of at least two separate materials, combined to provide (generally mechanical) properties that are superior to those of the separate ingredients. By using two materials with appropriate densities, it should be possible to make a material with a bulk density approaching that of water. The lab described below provides some simple methods to produce such composites, and to measure how close their density is, at least in relative terms, to that of water. Author Buoyancy; Composite Materials; Neutral Buoyancy Simulation
25 INORGANIC, ORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Includes the analysis, synthesis, and use of inorganic and organic compounds; combustion theory; electrochemistry; and photochemistry. For related information see category 34 Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics. For astrochemistry see category 90 Astrophysics.
20030062076 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Sol-Gel Precursors for Ceramics from Minerals Simulating Soils from the Moon and Mars Sibille, Laurent; Gavira-Gallardo, Jose-Antonio; Hourlier-Bahloul, Djamila; [2003]; 1 pp.; In English; 105th Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society, 27-30 Apr. 2003, Nashville, TN, USA Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC8-66; No Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only Recent NASA mission plans for the human exploration of our Solar System has set new priorities for research and development of technologies necessary to enable a long-term human presence on the Moon and Mars. The recovery and processing of metals and oxides from mineral sources on other planets is under study to enable use of ceramics, glasses and metals by explorer outposts. We report some preliminary results on the production of sol-gel precursors for ceramic products using mineral resources available in Martian or Lunar soil. The presence of SiO2, TiO2, and A12O3 in both Martian (44 wt.% SiO2, 1 wt.% TiO2, 7 wt.% Al2O3) and Lunar (48 wt.% SiO2, 1.5 wt.% TiO2, 16 wt.% Al2O3) soils and the recent developments in chemical processes to solubilize silicates using organic reagents and relatively little energy indicate that such an endeavor is possible. In order to eliminate the risks involved in the use of hydrouoric acid to dissolve silicates, two distinct chemical routes are investigated to obtain soluble silicon oxide precursors from Lunar and Martian simulant soils. Clear sol-gel precursors have been obtained by dissolution of silica from Lunar simulant soil in basic ethylene glycol (C2H4(OH)2) solutions to form silicon glycolates. Thermogravimetric Analysis and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy were used to characterize the elemental composition and structure of the precursor molecules. Further concentration and hydrolysis of the products was performed to obtain gel materials for evaluation as ceramic precursors. In the second set of experiments, we used the same starting materials to synthesize silicate esters in acidied alcohol mixtures. Preliminary results indicate the presence of silicon alkoxides in the product of distillation. Author Sol-Gel Processes; Ceramics; Aluminum Oxides; Silicon Oxides; Titanium Oxides; Chemical Reactions; Chemical Composition; Soils; Chemical Analysis 20030062163 Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT, USA Simulation of Combustion Systems with Realistic g-jitter Mell, William E.; McGrattan, Kevin B.; Baum, Howard R.; [2003]; 26 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG3-2403; Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy In this project a transient, fully three-dimensional computer simulation code was developed to simulate the effects of realistic g-jitter on a number of combustion systems. The simulation code is capable of simulating ame spread on a solid and nonpremixed or premixed gaseous combustion in nonturbulent ow with simple combustion models. Simple combustion models were used to preserve computational efficiency since this is meant to be an engineering code. Also, the use of sophisticated turbulence models was not pursued (a simple Smagorinsky type model can be implemented if deemed appropriate) because if ow velocities are large enough for turbulence to develop in a reduced gravity combustion scenario it is unlikely that g-jitter disturbances (in NASAs reduced gravity facilities) will play an important role in the ame dynamics. 47

20030062985 United Engineering Foundation, Inc., New York, NY, USA International Alloy Conference (Third) (IAC-3). An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Science of Alloys in Metals, Minerals and Other Materials Systems Held in Estoril/Cascais, Portugal on June 30-July 5, 2002 Gonis, G.; Meike, A.; Turchi, P. E.; Rajan, K.; Jan. 8, 2003; 44 pp.; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-02-1-0267 Report No.(s): AD-A411477; AFRL-SR-AR-TR-03-0038; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy Research on inorganic materials is facilitated by identifying the common features such as theoretical treatments of structure-property relationships and experimental techniques applicable to a wide range of materials. This conference he disseminate knowledge of such approaches and to inform scientists of common problems and interests. DTIC Metals; Alloys; Minerals; Inorganic Materials
20030063110 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Development of a Novel Discontinuously Reinforced Aluminum for Space Applications Pandey, Awadh; Shah, Sandeep; Shadoan, Mike; May 22, 2003; 22 pp.; In English; AeroMat 2003, 9-12 Jun. 2003, Dayton, OH, USA; Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy The present results indicated that: Al-Sc-Mg-X alloys were selected to provide higher strength from -423 to 450F. SiC and B4C were chosen as reinforcements. Fine spherical powder of Al-Sc-Mg-X was produced using helium gas atomization. Matrix alloy and DRA were processed using vacuum hot processing and extrusion. DRA showed very high strength 100ksi at cryo, RT and hydrogen. Ductility was low. Matrix alloy exhibited high strength and ductility. LCF of matrix was higher than DRA in high strain range. Derived from text Aluminum Alloys; Product Development; Technology Utilization; High Strength

27 NONMETALLIC MATERIALS

Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of plastics, elastomers, lubricants, polymers, textiles, adhesives, and ceramic materials. For composite materials see 24 Composite Materials.
20030062083 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA Investigation of the Surface Stress in SiC and Diamond Nanocrystals by In-situ High Pressure Powder Diffraction Technique Palosz, B.; Stelmakh, S.; Grzanka, E.; Gierlotka, S.; Zhao, Y.; Palosz, W.; [2003]; 1 pp.; In English; Materials Research Society Spring Meeting, 21-25 Apr. 2003, San Francisco, CA, USA; Copyright; Avail: Other Sources; Abstract Only The real atomic structure of nanocrystals determines key properties of the materials. For such materials the serious experimental problem lies in obtaining sufficiently accurate measurements of the structural parameters of the crystals, since very small crystals constitute rather a two-phase than a uniform crystallographic phase system. As a result, elastic properties of nanograins may be expected to reect a dual nature of their structure, with a corresponding set of different elastic property parameters. We studied those properties by in-situ high-pressure powder diffraction technique. For nanocrystalline, even one-phase materials such measurements are particularly difficult to make since determination of the lattice parameters of very small crystals presents a challenge due to inherent limitations of standard elaboration of powder diffractograms. In this investigation we used our methodology of the structural analysis, the apparent lattice parameter (alp) concept. The methodology allowed us to avoid the traps (if applied to nanocrystals) of standard powder diffraction evaluation techniques. The experiments were performed for nanocrystalline Sic and GaN powders using synchrotron sources. We applied both hydrostatic and isostatic pressures in the range of up to 40 GPa. Elastic properties of the samples were examined based on the measurements of a change of the lattice parameters with pressure. The results show a dual nature of the mechanical properties (compressibilities) of the materials, indicating a complex, core-shell structure of the grains. Author Atomic Structure; Nanocrystals; Crystallography; Lattice Parameters; Elastic Properties; Diffraction 55

and analysis; (6) Data archival and retrieval. The chapter concludes with insights into future directions for the design and applications of moored and drifting bio-optical buoys, together with satellite ocean color imagery, in studies of oceanographic biogeochemical phenomena. Author Ocean Data Acquisitions Systems; Buoys; Instrument Packages; Data Acquisition; Calibrating; Measuring Instruments; Standards; Quality Control
20030063145 National Environmental Satellite Service, Suitland, MD, USA MOBY, A Radiometric Buoy for Performance Monitoring and Vicarious Calibration of Satellite Ocean Color Sensors: Measurement and Data Analysis Protocols, Chapter 2 Clark, Dennis K.; Yarbrough, Mark A.; Feinholz, Mike; Flora, Stephanie; Broenkow, William; Kim, Yong Sung; Johnson, B. Carol; Brown, Steven W.; Yuen, Marilyn; Mueller, James L.; Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation. Volume 6: Special Topics in Ocean Optics Protocols and Appendices; April 2003, pp. 3-34; In English; See also 20030063139; Original contains black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NASA Order S-41365-F; NASA Order S-64096-E; CCG-98-439; NOAA-NA-00AANEG0072; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy The Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) is the centerpiece of the primary ocean measurement site for calibration of satellite ocean color sensors based on independent in situ measurements. Since late 1996, the time series of normalized water-leaving radiances L(sub WN)(lambda) determined from the array of radiometric sensors attached to MOBY are the primary basis for the on-orbit calibrations of the USA Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), the Japanese Ocean Color and Temperature Sensor (OCTS), the French Polarization Detection Environmental Radiometer (POLDER), the German Modular Optoelectronic Scanner on the Indian Research Satellite (IRS1-MOS), and the USA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). The MOBY vicarious calibration L(sub WN)(lambda) reference is an essential element in the international effort to develop a global, multi-year time series of consistently calibrated ocean color products using data from a wide variety of independent satellite sensors. A longstanding goal of the SeaWiFS and MODIS (Ocean) Science Teams is to determine satellite-derived L(sub WN)(labda) with a relative combined standard uncertainty of 5 %. Other satellite ocean color projects and the Sensor Intercomparison for Marine Biology and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies (SIMBIOS) project have also adopted this goal, at least implicitly. Because water-leaving radiance contributes at most 10 % of the total radiance measured by a satellite sensor above the atmosphere, a 5 % uncertainty in L(sub WN)(lambda) implies a 0.5 % uncertainty in the above-atmosphere radiance measurements. This level of uncertainty can only be approached using vicarious-calibration approaches as described below. In practice, this means that the satellite radiance responsivity is adjusted to achieve the best agreement, in a least-squares sense, for the L(sub WN)(lambda) results determined using the satellite and the independent optical sensors (e.g. MOBY). The end result of this approach is to implicitly absorb unquantied, but systematic, errors in the atmospheric correction, incident solar ux, and satellite sensor calibration into a single correction factor to produce consistency with the in situ data. Author Ocean Data Acquisitions Systems; Buoys; Ocean Color Scanner; Calibrating; Protocol (Computers); Data Transmission; Optical Measuring Instruments; Data Processing

20030062824 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA Implementation of Autonomous Control Technology for Plant Growth Chambers Costello, Thomas A.; Sager, John C.; Krumins, Valdis; Wheeler, Raymond M.; 2002 Research Reports NASA/ASEE Fellowship Program; December 2003, pp. 59-70; In English; See also 20030062814; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy The Kennedy Space Center has signicant infrastructure for research using controlled environment plant growth chambers. Such research supports development of bioregenerative life support technology for long-term space missions. Most of the existing chambers in Hangar L and Little L will be moved to the new Space Experiment Research and Processing Laboratory (SERPL) in the summer of 2003. The impending move has created an opportunity to update the control system technologies to allow for greater exibility, less labor for set-up and maintenance, better diagnostics, better reliability and easier data retrieval. Part of these improvements can be realized using hardware which communicates through an ethernet connection to a central computer for supervisory control but can be operated independently of the computer during routine run-time. Both the hardware and software functionality of an envisioned system were tested on a prototype plant growth 130
chamber (CEC-4) in Hangar L. Based upon these tests, recommendations for hardware and software selection and system design for implementation in SERPL are included. Author Automatic Control; Phytotrons
20030062905 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA A Robot for Wrist Rehabilitation Williams, Dustin J.; Krebs, Hermano I.; Hogan, Neville; Oct. 25, 2001; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): NIH-R01-HD37397-01; NIH-R01-HD36827-02 Report No.(s): AD-A411617; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy In 1991, a novel robot named MIT-MANUS was introduced as a test bed to study the potential of using robots to assist in and quantify the neuro-rehabilitation of motor function. It proved an excellent t for the rehabilitation of shoulder and elbow of stroke patients with results in clinical trials showing a reduction of impairment in these joints. The greater reduction in impairment was limited to the group of muscles exercised. This suggests a need for additional robots to rehabilitate other degrees of freedom. This paper outlines the mechanical design of a robot for wrist rehabilitation. DTIC Mechanical Properties; Robots; Wrist

Although magnetic resonance (MR) tagging has been shown to be a useful tool in myocardial motion quantication, its clinical utilization is limited as current available methods generally either lack computational speed or require extensive user intervention. Recently, the harmonic phase imaging (HARP) technique has been proposed to look at the phase information of the tagged images. HARP imaging promises to overcome the limitations of existing methods in terms of both computational speed and automation. Motivated by this work, we present mathematical analysis providing a signal processing perspective on the HARP technique. This new perspective provides a clearer understanding of how tags can be accurately tracked using highly-ltered data. DTIC Signal Processing; Fourier Transformation 65 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
Includes data sampling and smoothing; Monte Carlo method; time series analysis; and stochastic processes.
20030062072 International Business Machines Corp., Armonk, NY Methods and Apparatus for Correlating Biometric Attributes and Biometric Attribute Production Features Herman-Maes, Stephane, Inventor; Zweig, Geoffrey G., Inventor; Jun. 25, 2002; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Patent Info.: Filed 22 Nov. 1999, patented 25 Jun. 2002; US-Patent-Appl-SN-444-684 Report No.(s): AD-A412131; PATENT-6 411-933; No Copyright; Avail: US Patent and Trademark Office A method of validating production of a biometric attribute allegedly associated with a user comprises the following steps. A rst signal is generated representing data associated with the biometric attribute allegedly received in association with the user. A second signal is also generated representing data associated with at least one feature detected in association with the production of the biometric attribute allegedly received from the user. Then, the rst signal and the second signal are compared to determine a correlation level between the biometric attribute and the production feature, wherein the validation of the production of the biometric attribute depends on the correlation level. Accordingly, the invention serves to provide substantial assurance that the biometric attribute offered by the user has been physically generated by the user. DTIC Patents; Biometrics 20030062145 Alberta Univ., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Dynamic Edge Tracing for 2D Image Segmentation Withey, D. J.; Koles, Z. J.; Pedrycz, W.; 25 Oct. 2001; 5 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A412095; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy A novel segmentation technique which may be useful for two dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance (MR) image segmentation is presented. The technique utilizes a dynamic target tracking algorithm and a Kalman lter and permits edges to be followed in the presence of intensity variation similar to that found in MR images. Segmentation of two synthetic test images, one with intensity nonuniformity and one without, is performed. Fuzzy c-means clustering with pixel intensity features is used to segment the same test images for qualitative comparison. DTIC Image Processing; Magnetic Resonance; Imaging Techniques 20030062207 Tehran Univ., Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of) EEG Signals Can Be Used to Detect the Voluntary Hand Movements by Using an Enhanced Resource-Allocating Neural Network Erfanian, Abbas; Gerivany, Mahdi; Oct. 25, 2001; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Report No.(s): AD-A411797; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy This article explores the use of single trial EEG signals to predict the voluntary movements of single hand and two hands. During single-hand movements, three kinds of task, grasping, releasing, and holding were considered. The tasks considered during two-hand movements are left and right grasping, left and right releasing, and holding. The subject performs the tasks spontaneously without waiting for and responding to any external cues. In addition, a neural adaptive noise canceller is developed that accomplishes eye blinks suppression. The neural adaptive lter is here implemented by means of a three-layer feed-forward neural network. The feature vectors are formed from the three channels (Fz, C3, and F3). We employ the 136

the method based on Poincare plot analysis seems promising. As different parameters are closely correlated, a sub-set of parameters may be sufficient in the quantication of HRV in sedation. DTIC Linear Systems; Nonlinear Systems; Surgery; Heart Rate; Patients 20030062865 State Univ. of Southeast Missouri, Cape Girardeau, MO, USA Distribution of Electromagnetic Energy in a Microwave Oven, Part 2 Dahiya, J. N.; Choudhary, Pankaj; Anand, Aman; Roberts, J. A.; National Educators Workshop: Update 2002 - Standard Experiments in Engineering, Materials Science, and Technology; May 2003, pp. 83-94; In English; See also 20030062842; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy A few experiments have been conducted to try to model the microwave distribution inside a microwave oven using a variety of methods. In 1990, Alistair Steyn-Ross of the University of Waikato and Alister Riddell of the Hamilton Boys High School conducted an experiment to test for the existence of standing wave patterns inside a microwave oven. They used a paper towel dipped in a concentrated CoCl2 solution, a common method used to test for water. When the compound is wet, a pink, hydrated Co(H2O)(+2) complex is formed. When the compound is dry, the blue anhydrous CoCl2 compound is present. The team heated the paper for 15 seconds at ten different heights and recorded the pattern of blue and pink areas. They discovered a series of blue dots evenly spaced on the pink towel. They also noticed that the placement of these wet and dry spots changed as the height was changed. Nearly eight years later, Jouni Viiri of North Karelia Polytechnic performed a similar experiment using a sheet of acrylic. Viiri took a thermogram of the sheet after 35 seconds of heating at different heights. Viiri also noticed hot and cold spots, and the location of the spots changed as the height changed. Steyn-Ross and Riddells experiment proved the existence of standing waves inside a microwave oven and characterized their distribution. Viiris experiment measured the temperature difference between these hot and cold spots. In 1999, M. F. Diprose of the University of Sheffield conducted a series of experiments to determine the parameters under which a microwave oven should be used in a laboratory. They used a variety of samples, including water and soil, in containers of different shapes and sizes. They used thermocouples to measure the temperatures at different locations within the sample. Their research resulted in an excellent reference as to what variables one should keep in mind when using a microwave oven in the laboratory. Our experiment intends to build upon these discoveries by measuring the effect, or lack thereof, of rotating a sample inside a microwave oven. Derived from text Microwaves; Electromagnetism; Temperature Distribution; Ovens; Standing Waves 20030062884 Exploratorium, San Francisco, CA, USA Science Explorations with Simple Materials From the Exploratorium Doherty, Paul; National Educators Workshop: Update 2002 - Standard Experiments in Engineering, Materials Science, and Technology; May 2003, pp. 247-256; In English; See also 20030062842; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy The Exploratorium is an educational institution in San Francisco which holds workshops for science teachers and students. The instutution has published a book of science activities. The Teacher Institute (TI) at the Exploratorium has a TI Beginning Teacher Program and a TI Leadership Program in its Teacher Induction Program. This presentation also covers other Exploratorium resources. CASI Education; Instructors; Science 20030062972 Materials Technologies Inc. DBA Tensiodyne Scientic Corp Los Angeles CA Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Technology Initiatives. Delivery Order 0021: Application of an Electrochemical Fatigue Sensor (EFS) Borescope System for Military Turbine Engine Assessment Krupa, R.; Tillinghast, R.; Root, T.; Oct. 2002; 35 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-97-D-5271; Proj-4349 Report No.(s): AD-A411982; ES0408; AFRL-ML-WP-TR-2003-4022; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy The objective for this project was to improve the USA Air Forces capability to perform fatigue assessment of military aircraft engines through the application of four nondestructive technologies: eddy current inspection, ultrasonic inspection, visual inspection, and the electrochemical fatigue sensor (EFS). EFS is a relatively new technology; the other three inspection methodologies are well established and widely accepted means of component inspection. A 6-mm-diameter inspection 141

We have used thermal imaging techniques to visualize the cryocooling processes of macromolecular crystals. Cryocooling is a common technique used for structural data collection to reduce radiation damage in intense X-ray beams and decrease the thermal motion of the atoms. From the thermal images it was clear that during cryocooling a cold wave progresses through a crystal starting at the face closest to the origin of the cold stream and ending at the point furthest away. As an extension to this work, we used thermal imaging to study small crystals, held in a cryo-loop, in the presence of vitried mother liquor. The different infrared transmission and reectance properties of the crystal in comparison to the mother liquor surrounding it are thought to be the parameter that produces the contrast that makes the crystal visible. An application of this technology may be the determination of the exact location of small crystals in a cryo-loop for automated structural genomics studies. Data from initial tests in support of application development was recorded for lysozyme crystals and for bFGF/dna complex crystals, which were cryocooled and imaged in large loops, both with visible light and with infrared radiation. The crystals were clearly distinguished from the vitried solution in the infrared spectrum, while in the case of the bFGF/dna complex the illumination had to be carefully manipulated to make the crystal visible in the visible spectrum. These results suggest that the thermal imaging may be more sensitive than visual imaging for automated location of small crystals. However, further work on small crystals robotically mounted at SSRL did not clearly visualize those crystals. The depth of eld of the camera proved to be limiting and a different cooling geometry was used, compared to the previous, successful experiments. Analysis to exploit multiple images to improve depth of eld and experimental work to understand cooling geometry effects is ongoing. These results will be presented along with advantages and disadvantages of the technique and a discussion of how it might be applied. Author Cryogenic Cooling; Imaging Techniques; Thermal Mapping; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Infrared Radiation; Crystals
20030062195 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Atomic Oxygen Effects on Spacecraft Materials Banks, Bruce A.; Miller, Sharon K. R.; deGroh, Kim K.; Demko, Rikako; June 2003; 12 pp.; In English; Ninth International Symposium on Materials in a Space Environment, 16-20 Jun. 2003, Noordwijk, Netherlands; Original contains color and black and white illustrations Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 22?755?60?05 Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2003-212484; NAS 1.15:212484; E?14026; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy Low Earth orbital (LEO) atomic oxygen cannot only erode the external surfaces of polymers on spacecraft, but can cause degradation of surfaces internal to components on the spacecraft where openings to the space environment exist. Although atomic oxygen attack on internal or interior surfaces may not have direct exposure to the LEO atomic oxygen ux, scattered impingement can have can have serious degradation effects where sensitive interior surfaces are present. The effects of atomic oxygen erosion of polymers interior to an aperture on a spacecraft is simulated using Monte Carlo computational techniques. A 2-dimensional model is used to provide quantitative indications of the attenuation of atomic oxygen ux as a function of distance into a parallel walled cavity. The degree of erosion relative is compared between the various interior locations and the external surface of an LEO spacecraft. Author Oxygen Atoms; Low Earth Orbits; Erosion; Polymers; Degradation

The purpose of this research is to develop a user-friendly Integrated GPS lab manual. This manual will help range engineers at NASA to integrate the use of GPS Simulators, GPS receivers, computers, MATLAB software, FUGAWI software and SATELLITE TOOL KIT software. The lab manual will be used in an effort to help NASA engineers predict GPS Coverage of planned operations and analyze GPS coverage of operation post mission. The Integrated GPS Laboratory was used to do GPS Coverage for two extensive case studies. The rst scenario was an airplane trajectory in which an aircraft ew from Cape Canaveral to Los Angeles, California. In the second scenario, a rocket trajectory was done whereas a rocket was launched from Cape Canaveral to one thousand kilometers due east in the Atlantic Ocean. Author Computer Programs; Kits; Global Positioning System; Manuals
20030062859 Norfolk State Univ., VA, USA MST-Online: The Updating of an Educational Internet Resource in Materials Science and Technology Harris, Nikki; Wall, Curtiss E.; Jacobs, James A.; National Educators Workshop: Update 2002 - Standard Experiments in Engineering, Materials Science, and Technology; May 2003, pp. 199-202; In English; See also 20030062842; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy MST-Online continues to provide students and educators with opportunities to learn more about materials technology and provide useful links, vibrant images, and informative resources. In order to better meet the needs of educators and students MST- Online is continuously being updated. We are adding animation created through Macromedia Flash MX and images provided by NASA Langley Research Center. Animations will be inuenced by the Centennial of Flight, prole various airplanes, and other activities that occur at NASA Langley Research Center. By using animation, MST-Online hopes to provide students and others with an understanding of the activities and tasks that are involved with materials technology. Derived from text Education; Materials Science; Internet Resources; On-Line Systems
20030062896 ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER CHAMPAIGN IL, Champaign, IL, USA Hazardous Materials Information Network (HAZMIN) Software Conversion Study Baird, Joyce C.; Mullaney, Joe; Schiller, Don; Wager, Gary; Nov. 2002; 66 pp.; In English Report No.(s): AD-A411874; ERDC/CERL-TR-02-29; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy The U.S. Armys Watervliet Arsenal (WVA) in New York is faced with increasing environmental regulation and reduced manpower to meet regulatory requirements. The main task of this project was to update an existing software-based hazardous material tracking software application. The objective of this task was to increase the Environmental Management Information System (EMIS) capabilities to allow hazardous material control, tracking, and reporting. Another main objective was to improve users right-to-know about potential hazardous material hazards. EMIS is used to centralize, automate, and manage the acquisition, ow, storage, and reporting of environmental information throughout the Arsenal. After installation, the new time saving and paperwork reduction for the administration and distribution of the MSDSs are signicant. In addition, the risk exposure to the Arsenal due to uncontrolled substances being issued and used, duplicate amounts being stored at various localities on site, and general lack of tracking of hazardous substances is greatly reduced. The rapid and user friendly procedures that are used to control the issuance of the materials by way of committee member e-mail capabilities is well received by users. The burden of paperwork is reduced, and slate reports are easily generated from the tool kit provided with the upgrade. DTIC Computer Programs; Management Information Systems; Hazardous Materials

Review of the High Performance Antiproton Trap (HiPAT) Experiment at the Marshall Space Flight Center 23 Chalupsky, Hans Tools for Assembling and Managing Scalable Knowledge Bases 118 Chang, Clarence T. Low Emissions RQL Flametube Combustor Test Results 18 Chang, Hsin-Ping Secured Advanced Federated Environment (SAFE): A NASA Solution for Secure Cross-Organization Collaboration 130 Chang, J. The ATIC Long Project 71 Duration Balloon
Cheng, G. C. Swirl Coaxial ment 49

Injector

Develop-
Chu, Sang-Hyon Smart Material Actuators (2nd) 46 Chu, Y. S. X-Ray Diffraction and Imaging Study of Imperfections of Crystallized Lysozyme with Coherent X-Rays 56 Chul, Choi Youn Pilot and Air Traffic Controller Relationships: The Role of Interdependence and Relative Inuence 8 Chung, T. J. Finite Element Method for Capturing Ultra-relativistic Shocks 169 Chung, W. Richard Composite Bear Canister 82 National Educators Workshop: Update 2002 - Standard Experiments in Engineering, Materials Science, and Technology 43 The Cam Shell: An Innovative Design With Materials and Manufacturing 84 Chunwei, Yuan Using Biomedical Sensor-Reectometry Interference Spectroscopy for Evaluation of Biocompatibility of Biomaterials 144 Cipriani, R. Rapid Prototyping of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites 45 Ciszak, Ewa Structural Basis for Flip-Flop Action of Thiamin-Dependent Enzymes Revealed by Crystal Structure of Human Pyruvate Dehydrogenase 150 Clark, Dennis K. MOBY, A Radiometric Buoy for Performance Monitoring and Vicarious Calibration of Satellite Ocean Color Sensors: Measurement and Data Analysis Protocols 79 Stray-Light Correction of the Marine Optical Buoy 78 Clayton, William R. Inatable Concentrators for Solar Thermal Propulsion 38 Clem, J. M. Summary of Atmospheric Ionizing AIR Research: SST-Present 75 Clem, John M. Developing of a New Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation (AIR) Model 104 Clemens, N. C. Exploratory Experimental Study of Transitional Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interactions 5 Clements, Sandra Remote Leak Detection: Indirect Thermal Technique 73 Cline, Jason Simulations of Ground and Space-Based Oxygen Atom Experiments 145

Medvedeva, N. I. Bonding, Energetics and Mechanical Properties of Intermetallics 54 Meegan, Charles A. How Sample Completeness Affects Gamma-Ray Burst Classication 165 Mehring, Carsten Nonlinear Distortion and Disintegration of Conical Liquid Sheets at High Pressure 48 Meier, Mike L. Oxygen Diffusion into Titanium 54 Meike, A. International Alloy Conference (Third) (IAC-3). An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Science of Alloys in Metals, Minerals and Other Materials Systems Held in Estoril/Cascais, Portugal on June 30-July 5, Meirovitch, Leonard Integrated Approach to the Dynamics and Control of Maneuvering Flexible Aircraft 20 Mell, William E. Simulation of Combustion Systems with Realistic g-jitter 47 Melton, La Tunia Pack Active Control of Separation From the Flap of a Supercritical Airfoil 2 Melton, Tina International Cooperation of Payload Operations on the International Space Station 23 Menzel, W. P. An Introduction to the Cloud Mask for the MODIS 94 Merceret, Francis J. An Automated Cloud-edge Detection Algorithm Using Cloud Physics and Radar Data 107 Merla, Arcangelo Study of Raynauds Phenomenon by Means of Infrared Functional Imaging 148 Merrill, Claude E. Small Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (SICBM) Rocket Motor Sympathetic Detonation Study 40 Messinger, Ross Thermal-Mechanical Cyclic Test of a Composite Cryogenic Tank for Reusable Launch Vehicles 45 Messnarz, B. Linear Approaches for the Reconstruction of Epicardial and Transmembrane Potential Patterns 133 Mettler, Bernard Flight-Test Validation and Flying Qualities Evaluation of a Rotorcraft UAV Flight Control System 14 Meyyappan, Meyya Nanotechnology: Challenges 56 Opportunities and
Mignani, Roberto Chandra Observations of MMileusnic, M. An Integrated Package of Neuromusculoskeletal Modeling Tools in Simulink (TM) 122 Miller, Richard The Biosphere: A Decadal Vision 102 Miller, Sam Materials for New Designs, and Designing New Materials 82 Miller, Sharon K. R. Atomic Oxygen Effects on Spacecraft Materials 145 Millet, J. Flat Panel Displays for Medical Monitoring Systems 64 MedMap: A Powerful Multichannel ELG Recordings Analyzer 126 Millwater, Harry Impact of Parameter Variation on Damage Tolerance Analysis Estimates 10 Minamitani, H. Fluorescence Image Analysis for Quantication of Active Oxygen Induced by Photochemical Reaction 80 Minnetyan, Levon Quantication of Energy Release in Composite Structures 86 Minor, Jody Overview of NASAs Space Environments and Effects (SEE) Program Technology Development Activities 25 Minow, Joseph I. The Chandra X-Ray Observatory Radiation Environment Model 173 Minton, Timothy Simulations of Ground and Space-Based Oxygen Atom Experiments 145 Miotkowski, I. Composition Dependence of the Hydrostatic Pressure Coefficients of the Bandgap of ZnSe(1-x)Te(x) Alloys 51 Mirkin, Chad A. Structural Characterization of Articial Corrosion and Tunnel Junction Barriers Layers 146 Mitchell, J. D. ACES: A Unique Platform For Electrodynamic Studies Of Upward Currents into The Middle Atmosphere 109 Mlynzcak, Marty The Biosphere: A Decadal Vision 102 Modre, R. Linear Approaches for the Reconstruction of Epicardial and Transmembrane Potential Patterns 133 Moeller, C. C. An Introduction to the Cloud Mask for the MODIS 94

Sauter, Barbara Short-Term Battlescale Forecast Model Performance Incorporating Utah Mesonet Stations 108 Sawyer, S. Simulating Nonlinear Stator Noise for Active Control 142 Schad, P. Jackson A Draft Test Protocol for Detecting Possible Biohazards in Martian Samples Returned to Earth 163 Scharfen, Greg MODIS Activities at the National Snow and Ice Data Center DAAC 99 Schattke, Nathan The Electronic Nose Training Automation Development 123 Schenk, Paul M. Callisto: A World in its Own Right 166 Schenk, T. The Connection Between Local Icosahedral Order in Metallic Liquids and the Nucleation Behavior of Ordered Phases 52 Schiavone, Guy OPCODE (Orlando Parallel Computation Development Environment) 124 Schiller, Don Hazardous Materials Information Network (HAZMIN) Software Conversion Study 156 Schlagheck, Ronald A. The NASA Materials Science Research Program - Its New Strategic Goals and Plans 41 Schmidt, Douglas Applying Reective Middleware Techniques to Optimize a QoS-enabled CORBA Component Model Implementation 120 Schmitz, Paul C. Fuel Cell Propulsion Systems for an AllElectric Personal Air Vehicle 17 Schneider, J. A. Thermo-Mechanical Processing in Friction Stir Welds 53 Schneider, J. Self-Reacting Friction Stir Welding for Aluminum Complex Curvature Applications 90 Schneider, Michelle Telescience Resource Kit 118 Schobeiri, Meinhard T. On the Physics of Flow Separation Along a Low Pressure Turbine Blade Under Unsteady Flow Conditions 65 Schulz, Mark North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Jet Propulsion Laboratory 22 Schuster, David M. Computational Aeroelasticity: Success, Progress, Challenge 2
Schwabacher, Mark Discovering Communicable Models from Earth Science Data 139 Schwartz, Daniel F. Small Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (SICBM) Rocket Motor Sympathetic Detonation Study 40 Schwarz, L. JSC Mars-1 Martian Soil Simulant: Melting Experiments and Electron Microprobe Studies 161 Scripa, R. N. Crystal Growth of HgZnTe Alloy by Directional Solidication in Low Gravity Environment 91 Searby, N. Hypergravity Stimulates the Extracellular Matrix/Integrin-Signaling Axis and Proliferation in Primary Osteoblasts 112 Sebille, L. JSC Mars-1 Martian Soil Simulant: Melting Experiments and Electron Microprobe Studies 161 Seidel, Klaus Multisensor Analysis of Satellite Images for Regional Snow Distribution 98 Seifert, Avi Active Control of Separation From the Flap of a Supercritical Airfoil 2 Semmel, Charles Characterization of Candidate Solar Sail Materials Subjected to Electron Radiation 34 Electron Exposure Measurements of Candidate Solar Sail Materials 36 Sever, Tom Mapping the Ancient Maya Landscape from Space 92 Sha, Yi-Gao Crystal Growth of HgZnTe Alloy by Directional Solidication in Low Gravity Environment 91 Shackelford, James F. Heat Treatment Of Cu-Be Components For High-Frequency Coaxial Connector Assemblies: A University/Industry Design Project Collaboration 88 Shadoan, M. Development Of A Novel Discontinuously-Reinforced Aluminum For Space Applications 28 Selection And Evaluation Of An Alloy For Nozzle Application 50 Shadoan, Mike Development of a Novel Discontinuously Reinforced Aluminum for Space Applications 55 Shah, Sandeep Development of a Novel Discontinuously Reinforced Aluminum for Space Applications 55 Thermal Exposure Effects on Properties of Al-Li Alloy Plate Products 68

Yi, Won J. Smart Material Actuators (2nd) 46 Yonezawa, Yoshiharu A Microcomputer-Based Life-Safety Monitoring System for Elderly People 115 Yoo, Kwang Eui Airport Privatization Policy and Performance Measurement in Korea 157 Yoshizawa, N. Radiation Weighting Factors for High Energy Neutron, Proton, and Alpha Particles 152 Young, Kim Chl Pilot and Air Traffic Controller Relationships: The Role of Interdependence and Relative Inuence 8 Yppaerilae, H. Comparison of Linear and Non-Linear Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Sedated Cardiac Surgery Patients 140 Yu, Albert Y. Test Based Microgravity Analysis for the Fluids and Combustion Facility 29 Yu, K. M. Composition Dependence of the Hydrostatic Pressure Coefficients of the Bandgap of ZnSe(1-x)Te(x) Alloys 51 Yuen, Marilyn MOBY, A Radiometric Buoy for Performance Monitoring and Vicarious Calibration of Satellite Ocean Color Sensors: Measurement and Data Analysis Protocols 79 Zalcman, Lucien A DIS Entity tor 125 State PDU Genera-
Zehner, Gregory F. Summary Statistics and HGU-55/P Feature Envelopes for the 1990 USAF anthropometric Survey 115 Zeng, Ming A Simple But Effective Experiment to Illustrate Second Order Dynamic Systems 82 Zhang, Anming Liberalization of Air Cargo Services: Background and an Economic Analysis 8 Zhang, Junhua A New Statistically based Autoconversion rate Parameterization for use in Large-Scale Models 109 Zhang, Yimin Liberalization of Air Cargo Services: Background and an Economic Analysis 8 Zhao, Y. Investigation of the Surface Stress in SiC and Diamond Nanocrystals by In-situ High Pressure Powder Diffraction Technique 55 Zhuang, T. G. A Novel Volume CT With X-Ray on a Trough-Like Surface and Point Detectors on Circle-Plus-Arc Curve 122 ZibiBailly, J. A Comparative Study of Three Methodologies for Modeling Dynamic Stall 127 Zimmerman, Albert H. Overview of the Design, Development, and Application of Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries 61 Zweig, Geoffrey G. Methods and Apparatus for Correlating Biometric Attributes and Biometric Attribute Production Features 136
Zatsepin, V. I. Experience of Application of Silicon Matrix as a Charge Detector in the ATIC Experiment 72