en_131_facts

05-09-01

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doro 131

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List of figures
1 Cross-section of a millstone. From Adam 1984, fig. 735. 2 Cross-section of a kneading-machine. From Bluemner 1912, fig. 26, p. 65. 3 Removal of loaves of bread from the oven in bakery VII,1,36-37 in Pompeii. From Mayeske 1988, fig. 1 = M. Monnier, The Wonders of Pompeii, New York 1894, fig. facing p. 84. 4 Reconstruction of the watermill Barbegal, Arles. From Trevor Hodge 1990, fig. on p. 61. 5 Reconstruction of the watermill machinery in the Baths of Caracalla, Rome. From Schioler - Wikander 1983, fig. 15. 6 Distribution of bakeries in Pompeii. Circles: bakeries. Circles with cross: pistrina dulciaria or uncertain. 7 Reconstruction of the interior of bakery VII,2,3/6 in Pompeii. From Adam 1984, fig. 737. 8a Plan of the Cas. dei Molini (legenda: see fig. 8b). From Heres 1988, fig. a on pp. 38-39. 8b Plan of the Cas. dei Molini: legenda. From Heres 1988, fig. a on pp. 38-39. 9 Cas. dei Molini, room 21, northeast corner. 1: Hadrianic reticulatum; 2: Severan brickwork; 3 and 5: two later-3rd century periods; 4: modern restoration; 6: Antonine brickwork. From Heres 1988, fig. 16. 10 Plan of the Cas. dei Molini and drawings of lead pipes, from Lanciani in 1880 (Tav. X, fig. 4a, 5a, 6a, and 7a). 11 Plan of the Cas. dei Molini, from Paschetto 1912 (344 fig. 90). 12a Plan of the Cas. dei Molini (legenda: see fig. 12b). 12b Plan of the Cas. dei Molini: legenda. 13 Cas. dei Molini, 3D-view of the Hadrianic remains, from the south-east. 14 Cas. dei Molini, 3D-reconstruction (c. 235 AD), from the south-east. 15 Cas. dei Molini, 3D-reconstruction of rooms 17-18 (c. 235 AD), from the north-east. 16 Cas. dei Molini, relief of a carpenters workshop in the east facade. From Vaglieri 1913(3), p. 206, fig. Main finds from the Cas. dei Molini. 18 Drawing of a dosage cone (left) and of the use (right). From Baatz 1994, fig. 20,12 and fig. 14. 19 Plan of Molino I,XIII,4. 20 Molino I,XIII,4, reconstructed attic in hall 8a, seen from the west. 21 Plan of the Cas. delle Fornaci. 22 Cas. delle Fornaci, Hadrianic phase. 23 Cas. delle Fornaci, south part of the east facade (rooms 11-7). 24 Plan of the Cas. del Balcone Ligneo. From Paribeni 1916(2), plan after p. 428. 25 Cas. del Balcone Ligneo, wall-painting with cantharus from the east wall of room 42. From Paribeni 1916(2), fig. Plan of Cas. I,IX,2. From Calza 1923, Tav. II, fig. 1. 27 Plan of the Cas. della Cisterna. From Scavi di Ostia I. 28 Plan of Building II, VIII,9. From Scavi di Ostia I and Paschetto 1912, fig. 88. 29 Plan of Ostia with horrea, bakeries and scattered millstones and kneading-machines. 30 Cas. della Cisterna, Hadrianic hall. 31 Vestibule of the Piazza dOro, Villa Hadriana. After Aurigemma 1961, fig. 162. Credits Jan Theo Bakker: 6, 12a-b, 13-15, 17, 29-31. Bernard Meijlink and Jan Theo Bakker: 19, 20. Jan van Dalen and Jan Theo Bakker: 21-23.

206 List of plates

Caseggiato dei Molini 1 Via dei Molini, from the north. To the left, behind part of a millstone, are two small rooms set against the west facade of the Grandi Horrea. To the right is the east facade of the bakery.2 Via dei Molini, from the south-west. To the right are two small rooms set against the west facade of the Grandi Horrea. 3 A road on the Caelius in Rome, giving a good idea of what Via dei Molini must have looked like. 4 Part of the east facade: staircase 4 and a pier with a relief with carpenters tools (from the south-east). 5 Relief with carpenters tools in the facade, shortly after the excavation (see also plate 4). 6 Part of the east facade: room 8 and staircase 9. Between the rooms was once a relief. 7 Room 3, south wall, west part. A wooden structure may once have been in the opening. 8 Room 7, basalt block of the floor with the imprint of a hoof. 9 Room 8, north wall, west part. To the left is a blocked doorway, in the upper right part a small window. 10 Room 8, north-east corner. In the left wall is a wide fissure, in the right wall (the facade) a window. 11 Staircase 9, south wall, from the north-east. To the left is a fissure, to the right a row of holes, related to the staircase. 12 Bar 16. In the right part of the room the bar-counter can be seen. To the right of the room was once a relief. 13 Room 17, south wall, west part. Note the beamholes and putlogholes. 14 Rooms 18-21, from the south-east. These were milling rooms. In the upper part of the left wall are large windows. 15 Rooms 21-19, from the north-west. To the left are the remains of a large basin. 16 Rooms 19-18, from the north-west. To the left is room 7, to the right a blocked doorway to room 6. 17 Room 21, north wall, east part. Blocked doorway and many alterations. 18 Room 22, from the east, shortly after the excavation. This was a kneading room. The blocking of the window over the doorway has now disappeared. 19 Room 22, from the north-west. Note the holes in the side of the kneading-machines and the partial blocking of the passage to the left. 20 Room 22, bottom of a kneading-machine with metal remains for fastening the vertical spindle. 21 Room 22, south-east corner. Blocked doorway with floor-niche. 22 Room 23, looking through the opening of the oven. Note the grooves in the tufa blocks, possibly related to revolving grates on which the bread was baked. 23 Room 23, detail of the grooves in the tufa blocks (see also plate 22). 24 Room 23, opening of the oven, from the north-west. Note the niche below the opening. The floor in front of the oven is much lower than the rest of the building. 25 Room 23, west wall, north part. In the lower part is a draught-hole. 26 The alley or corridor in the west part of the building (rooms 29-24), from the north. Against the right wall two basins were set. In front of the basin in room 28 is a floor of opus spicatum. 27 Room 24, north-east corner. Detail of grooves and holes, meant to receive beams that blocked the alley. 28 Room 29, east wall, from the south-west. The place of attachment of a barrel vault can be seen. 29 Cas. di Diana. Room with floor of basalt blocks and trough. It may have been part of the bakery. Molino I,XIII,West facade along the Cardo Maximus, from the south. Note the travertine columns in front of rooms 1-5. 31 Shops 1-2 and 3, from the south-west. In front of the left wall is part of a travertine column. 32 Narrowing (left) and blocking of a doorway between rooms 3 and 4, from the north. 33 L-shaped holes in the north wall of room 4, meant to receive beams that blocked this entrance to the bakery. From the south-east. 34 Shop 5, from the south-west. 35 Brick pier c against the south wall of shop 6-7, from the north-west. 36 West wall of area 8a. To the right is a vertical drainage-channel, to the left of which are traces of a demolished wall. From the north-east. 37 The millstones in area 8a, from the north-west. 38 The inscription on millstone m4 (S P C Y R), from the south. 39 Area 8a. A drainage-slab below a vertical drainage-channel in the north wall, from the south. 40 Area 8a. Staircase B, from the north-west. 41 The kneading-machines in area 8a, from the north-west. 42 A hole with lead in the inner side of a kneading-machine. A wooden blade was attached in the hole. 43 The central part of the bakery (area 8b), from the west. 44 Area 8b. Staircase A, from the north-east. 45 Area 8b. Piers 19 and 18, and secondary walls, from the north. Behind the wall was the oven room. 46 Area 8b. Staircase C and objects b1 and b2, from the north-west. 47 Hollow structure behind staircase C, from the south-west (room 10).

48 Area 8b. Cisterns a and b, from the north-west. In the upper right part of the back wall is a curved wall-niche. 49 Room 9. Pier 23 and south wall, from the north. In this room the oven was located. In the lower right part some remains (tufa blocks) can be seen. 50 Blocked doorway between shops 12 and 13, from the south. 51 The west end of the north wall of entrance 14, from the south-west. 52 A blocking between shops 15 and 16, from the north. 53 The alley to the north of the bakery (rooms 17-19), from the west. Caseggiato delle Fornaci 54 General view, from the south-west. 55 General view towards room 14, from the south-east. 56 Outer east wall, blocked doorway to room 10. 57 Outer east wall, staircase 9a. 58 Outer east wall, blocked entrance to room 5, from the south-east. 59 Outer south wall and alley 11, from the south-west. 60 Outer south wall, section between rooms 12 and 10, from the south. Note the remains of plaster. 61 Outer south wall, cornice supporting the first floor. 62 Outer west wall, from the south-west. 63 Room 2. Blocking in the central part of the south wall. 64 Room 2. Pier in the north-west corner. In the background is the basin set against the north wall of room 15. 65 Room 3. Remains of a kneading-machine in front of the south wall. 66 Room 4, south-east corner. In the corner a pier was set, to the right of which are extensive remains of plaster. 67 Room 4. Pier set against the central part of the south wall, from the north-west. 68 Room 6, north-west corner with a secondary pier to the right. From the south-west. 69 Room 6, from the west. 70 Room 7. Basin in front of the east wall. 71 Room 7, west wall. 72 Room 10, north-east corner with blocked doorway. 73 Room 10, east wall with blocked doorway to the street (cf. plate 56). 74 Room 12, south-east corner. 75 Room 14, north wall, west part. 76 Room 14, north wall, east part. 77 Room 14, from the south-east. 78 Room 14, from the north-east. Caseggiato del Balcone Ligneo 79 Rooms 40 (right), 45 (left) and 27 (background), from the north-west. 80 Rooms 40 (left) and 45 (right), from the south. 81 Blocked entrance of shop 41, from the north-east. 82 Interior of the former shop 42, from the south. 83 Room 44, in which the oven was located. From the east. Caseggiato dei Dolii 84 General view of the dolia defossa, from the north-east. A bakery was nearby. Caseggiato I,IX,Rooms 4, 9 and 12, from the north. 86 Rooms 6-9 and, to the right, staircase 10, from the west. 87 Room 9. Pier resting on a travertine slab. Inside is a terracotta drainage pipe. From the south-east. 88 Oven in room 12, from the north-west. Caseggiato della Cisterna 89 Opening of the oven in room 3. Note the floor-niche below the opening. From the south-west. 90 Blocked opening in the back wall of the oven (prior apsis), from the west. 91 Interior of the oven, from the west. 92 Shop to the east of oven room 3, from the south-east. To the left is a blocked opening in the back wall of the oven (see also plate 90), in the lower right part the remains of a kneading-machine can be seen. 93 Several rooms belonging to the bakery, below Exedra I,XII,3, discovered in 1996. Note the floors of basalt blocks. Not investigated by the authors. From the south-east. 94 Room 3, south-east corner. Note the absence of bricks in the lower part of the central section. From the northwest.

-- 1988, The Building History of the Caseggiato dei Molini (Reg. I iii 1) at Ostia: A Preliminary Study, MededRom Antiquity 48 (1988), 37-74. HERMANSEN G. 1982, Ostia. Aspects of Roman City Life, Alberta 1982. HERZ P. 1988, Studien zur Rmischen Wirtschaftsgesetzgebung. Die Lebensmittelversorgung, Stuttgart 1988 (Historia Einzelhefte 55). HIMMELMANN N. 1980, ber Hirten-Genre in der antiken Kunst, Opladen 1980. HBENREICH E., Annona. Juristische Aspekte der stadtrmischen Lebensmittelversorgung im Prinzipat, Graz 1997. HOPKINS K., Conquerors and slaves, Cambridge 1978. JANSEN G.M. 1990, Watersystems and Sanitation in the Houses of Herculaneum, MededRom 50 (1990), forthcoming. JASNY N. 1944, Wheat Prices and Milling Costs in Classical Rome, Wheat Studies of the Food Research Institute 20 (1944), 137-170. JONGMAN W.M. 1988, The Economy and Society of Pompeii, Amsterdam 1988. JORDAN H. 1871, Topographie der Stadt Rom im Altertum II, Berlin 1871. -- 1878, Topographie der Stadt Rom im Altertum I,1, Berlin 1878. KAPLAN S.L. 1984, Provisioning Paris. Merchants and Millers in the Grain and Flour Trade during the Eighteenth Century, Ithaca and London 1984. KISLINGER E., Pane e demografia: lapprovvigionamento di Costantinopoli, in Nel nome del pane (ed. O. Longo - P. Scarpi), Trento 1995, 279-293. KOCKEL V. 1992, Ostia im 2. Jahrhundert n. Chr.; Beobachtungen zum Wandel eines Stadtbilds, Die rmische Stadt im 2. Jahrhundert n. Chr.; der Funktionswandel des ffentlichen Raumes (ed. H.-J. Schalles, H. von Hesberg, P. Zanker), Kln 1992, 99-117. LANCIANI R. 1878, Ostia, Nsc 1878, 37-38. -- 1880, Le acque e gli acquedotti, Roma 1880. -- 1909, Wanderings in the Roman Campagna, London 1909. LAURENCE R. 1994, Roman Pompeii. Space and Society, London and New York 1994. LECLERCQ H. 1907, s.v. Anniser, DictArchChrtLit (ed. F. Cabrol) I, 2, Paris 1907, 2223-2230. LE GALL J. 1994, Un mode de transport mconnu: les animaux de bt, in Le ravitaillement en bl de Rome, Naples-Rome 1994, 69-72. LE LANNOU M. 1941, Ptres et Paysans de la Sardaigna, Cagliari 1941. LEVEAU P. 1996, The Barbegal water mill in its environment: archaeology and the economic and social history of antiquity, JRA 9 (1996), 137-153. LEVICK B. 1990, Claudius, London 1990. LUGLI G. 1957, La tecnica edilizia romana, Roma 1957. MADDEN J. 1996, Slavery in the Roman Empire, Numbers and Origins, Classics Ireland 3 (1996), 109-128. MAU A. 1912, s.v. Furnus, PW VII (1912), 378-380. -- 1902, Pompeii, its Life and Art, New York 1902. MAYESKE B.J.B. 1972, Bakeries, Bakers and Bread at Pompeii: a Study in Social and Economic History, Univ. of Maryland 1972 (Ann Arbor 1979). -- 1979, Bakers, Bakeshops, and Bread: A Social and Economic Study, in Pompeii and the Vesuvian Landscape, Washington 1979, 39-58. -- 1988, A Pompeian Bakery on the Via dellAbbondanza, in Studia Pompeiana & Classica in honor of Wilhelmina F. Jashemski, Volume I, Pompeiana, New Rochelle 1988, 149-158. MEIGGS R. 1973, Roman Ostia, Oxford 19732. MIELKE F. 1977, Treppen in Herculaneum, AW 8, 3 (1977), 41-46. MINIERO P. 1987, Studio di un carro romano dalla Villa c.d. di Arianna a Stabia, MEFRA 99-1 (1987), 171-209. MONTI G.M. 1934, Le corporazione nellevo antico e nell altomedio evo, Bari 1934. MORITZ L.A. 1958, Grain-mills and Flour in Classical Antiquity, Oxford 1958. MLLER A.E., Getreide fr Konstantinopel. berlegungen zu Justinians Edikt XIII als Grundlage fr Aussagen zur Einwohnerzahl Konstantinopels im 6. Jahrhundert, Jahrbuch der sterreichischen Byzantinistik 43 (1993), 120. NUZZO D. 1996, Impiego e reimpiego di materiale epigrafico nella basilica cristiana di Pianabella (Ostia), Vetera Christianorum 33(1) (1996), 85-114. OGLE M.B. 1911, The House-Door in Greek and Roman Religion and Folk-Lore, AJPh 32 (1911), 251-271. OLESON J.P. 1984, Greek and Roman Mechanical Water-Lifting Devices: The History of a Technology, TorontoBuffalo-London 1984 (Phoenix Supplementary Volume XVI). OVERBECK J. - MAU A. 1884, Pompeji in seinen Gebuden, Altherthmern und Kunstwerken, Leipzig 18844. PACKER J.E. 1971, The Insulae of Imperial Ostia, MemAmAc 31 (1971). PAGANO M., Commercio e consumo del grano ad Ercolano, in Le ravitaillement en bl de Rome, Naples-Rome 1994, 141-147.