Table of Contents

SECTION ONE Introduction Glossary.2-3 Battery & Remote Antenna Installation.4 Keypad Usage & Data Entry.5 Primary Page Overview.6-7 SECTION TWO Getting Started Power On & Marking a Position.8 Position Page, Map Page, & Going To A Waypoint.9 Compass Page & Cancelling A GOTO.10 Clearing the Map, Screen Contrast, & Power Off.11 SECTION THREE Reference Satellite Page.12-13 Battery Level Indicator, Backlighting, and Emergency Erase.14 Position Page.15-16 Marking a Position & Position Averaging Function.17 Waypoint Pages.18-22 GOTO & Man Overboard.23 TracBack Navigation.24-25 Creating and Using Routes.26-30 Compass & Highway Pages.31-34 Map Page, Zooming, & Panning.35-37 Map Options & Map Setup.38 Track Log Setup.39 Find City Functions.40 City Setup, Main Menu Page & Distance/Sun Calculations.41 Setup Menu & System Setup.42-43 Navigation Setup.44-45 Alarms.46 Interface Setup & DGPS.47-48 Navigation Simulator.49 SECTION FOUR Appendices Appendix AInitialization.50-51 Appendix BSpecifications & Wiring.52-53 Appendix CMessages and Time Offsets.54-55 Appendix DMap Datums.56-57 Appendix EIndex.58-60

Glossary

The GPS 12XL is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere in the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be helpful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below. Other navigation and GPS definitions used in the manual are defined in the appropriate reference sections of the manual. Almanac Data Satellite constellation information (including location and health of satellites) that is transmitted to your receiver from every GPS satellite. Almanac data must be acquired before GPS navigation can begin. Bearing (BRG) The compass direction from your position to a destination. Course Made Good (CMG) The bearing from the active from position (your starting point) to your present position. Crosstrack Error (XTK) The distance you are off a desired course in either direction. Desired Track (DTK) The compass course between the from and to waypoints. Differential GPS (DGPS) An extension of the GPS system that uses land-based radio beacons to transmit position corrections to GPS receivers. Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) The time of day of your arrival at a destination. Estimated Time Enroute (ETE) The time left to your destination at your present speed.

Adjusting Screen Contrast You can access the GPS 12XLs contrast feature from the Satellite Page.
To adjust the screen contrast:
1. Press appears. 2. Press. or until the Satellite Page
Highlight the CLEAR LOG? prompt and press ENTER to clear the track log. Note: With the Wrap record option, once all 1024 points are used during normal operation, the oldest point will be continuously deleted to make room for the latest track log point to be stored.
or to adjust the level of contrast, and press
Screen Backlighting Screen backlighting is available for nighttime use. Activate backlighting by pressing the key briefly. Backlighting will remain on for the time specified on the system setup page (See page 43). Turning the Receiver Off Youve now gone through the basic operation of your new GPS receiver and probably know a little more than you think about how it works. We encourage you to experiment with the GPS12XL until it becomes an extension of your own navigation skills. If you encounter any problems using the unit or want to take advantage of the GPS 12XLs more advanced features, turn to the reference section.
To turn the GPS 12XL off:
1. Press and hold the key for 3 seconds.
Pressing the LEFT or RIGHT arrows from the Satellite Page will automatically activate the screen contrast bar.

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REFERENCE

Satellite Page

Status Field Battery Indicator Horizontal Accuracy

Skyview Display

Signal Strength Indicators
The GPS 12XLs Satellite Page displays the status of various receiver functions. The status information will help you understand what the GPS 12XL is doing at any given time, and will tell you whether or not the receiver has calculated a position fix.
The GPS 12XL Satellite Page will help you deter mine which satellites are in view, and whether or not any satellites are being shaded or blocked from receiving satellite signals (see satellites 07 and 19 above). By periodically monitoring the signal strength bars at the bottom of the page and the north up sky view, you will be able to see how moving to another area with a clearer view of the sky will improve satellite reception and speed up signal acquisition.
Sky View and Signal Strength Bars The sky view and signal strength bars give you an indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver, whether or not they are being used to calculate a position fix, and the signal quality. The satellite sky view shows a birds-eye-view of the position of each available satellite relative to the units last known position. The outer circle represents the horizon (north up); the inner circle is 45 above the horizon; and the center point is directly overhead. You can use the sky view to help determine if any satellites are being blocked, and whether you have a current position fix (indicated by 2D NAV or 3D NAV in the status field). You can also set the sky view to a track up configuration by changing the orientation option on the Map Page. (See pg. 38 for setup instructions.) When the receiver is looking for a particular satellite, the corresponding signal strength bar will be blank and the sky view indicator will be highlighted. Once the receiver has found the satellite, a hollow signal strength bar will appear, indicating that the satellite has been found and the receiver is collecting data from it. The satellite number in the sky view will no longer appear highlighted. As soon as the GPS 12XL has collected the necessary data to calculate a fix, the status field will indicate a 2D or 3D status.

Once the MOB mode has been activated, steering guidance will be provided by the Compass or Highway Page. Activating another MOB will overwrite the previous MOB waypoint.

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TracBack
TracBack Navigation GARMINs patented TracBack feature allows you to quickly retrace your path using the track log automatically stored in the receiver. This feature eliminates the need to mark waypoints along the way and manually create and activate a route back to where you began your trip. Three track recording options are available: Offno plot will be recorded. Filla track log will be recorded until track memory is full. Wrapa track log will be continuously recorded, wrapping through the available memory (replacing the oldest data with new data).
To select a track log option:
1. Highlight OPT field on the map page and press 2. Highlight TRACK SETUP and press 3. Highlight the RECORD field, press option, and press. , select an.
WARNING: Setting the track recording to OFFwill also disable the TracBack function.
Once a TracBack route is activated, it will lead you back to the oldest track log point stored in memory, so its usually a good idea to clear the existing track log at the start of each trip.
To clear the track log and define a starting point for a TracBack route:
1. From the Map Page, press SETUP option, and press 2. Highlight CLEARLOG?, press and press. , highlight the TRACK. , highlight Yes?,
To activate a TracBack route:
1. Press , highlight TRACBACK?, and press.
Highlight TRACBACK? and press ENTER to begin TracBack navigation. A message box will appear while the GPS 12XL analyzes the data and creates the TracBack route.
Once the TracBack function has been activated, the GPS 12XL will take the track log currently stored in memory and divide it into segments called legs. Up to 30 temporary waypoints will be created to mark the most significant features of the track log in order to duplicate your exact path as closely as possible. These points will be indicated by T### (e.g., T001) on the waypoint list, and by a T symbol on the Map Page. The active route page will appear, showing a route from your present position to the oldest track log point in memory. Steering guidance to each waypoint will be provided back to the starting point of your track log. Note: You may delete a TracBack waypoint from a route, but only if the route is not active.

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Tips On the TracBack Feature Always clear your track log at the exact point that you want to go back to (trail head, truck, etc.). The RECORD option on the track log setup page must be set to WRAP or FILL. There must be at least two track log points stored in memory to create a TracBack route. If there is not enough available memory to add more waypoints and create a TracBack route, you will be alerted with a waypoint memory full message, and the receiver will use any available waypoints to create a TracBack route with an emphasis on the track log closest to the destination (the oldest track log point in memory). If the METHOD option on the track log setup page is set to a time interval, the TracBack route may not follow your exact path. (Keeping the criteria set to automatic will always provide the most detailed TracBack route.) If the receiver is turned off or you lose satellite coverage during your trip, the TracBack route will simply draw a straight line between any point where coverage was lost and where it resumed. If the changes in direction and distance of your track log are complex, 30 waypoints may not be enough to accurately mark your exact path. The receiver will then assign the 30 waypoints to the most significant points of your track, and simplify segments with fewer changes in direction. To save a TracBack route, copy route 0 to an open storage route before activating another TracBack. Activating another TracBack or storage route will overwrite the existing TracBack route. Whenever a TracBack route is activated, the receiver will automatically erase any temporary waypoints (T###) that are not contained in routes 1-19. If there are temporary waypoints stored in routes 1-19, the receiver will create any new temporary waypoints using the first threedigit number available. (You can also quickly delete all temporary TracBack waypoints in memory by using the DELETE BY SYMBOL method described on pg. 19.)

The TracBack feature will navigate your track log back to the oldest point in the receivers memory.
The track log will be divided into segments with temporary waypoints to create a route back to the beginning of the track log.

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Routes
Route Navigation The last form of navigating to a destination with the GPS 12XL is by creating a user-defined route. The route navigation feature lets you plan and navigate a course from one place to another using a set of pre-defined waypoints. Routes are often used when its not practical, safe, or possible to navigate a direct course to a particular destination (e.g., through a body of water or impassable terrain).
Routes are broken down and navigated in smaller segments called legs. The waypoint you are going to in a leg is called the active to waypoint and the waypoint immediately behind you is called the active from waypoint. The line between the active to and the active from waypoint is called the active leg. Whenever you activate a route with the GPS 12XL, it will automatically select the route leg closest to your position as the active leg. As you pass each waypoint in the route, the receiver will automatically sequence and select the next waypoint as the active to waypoint.

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Route Definition Page
Comment Field Desired Track of Leg Route Number Leg Distance

Copy Field

Total Route Distance

Function Prompts

The last form of navigating to a destination with the GPS 12XL is by creating a user-defined route. The GPS 12XL lets you create and store up to 20 routes of 30 waypoints each. Routes can be copied, cleared, inverted, and activated through the route definition page.
To select the route definition page:
1. Highlight ROUTES from the Main Menu Page, and press.
Routes enable you to store groups of frequently used waypoints together and use this information for navigation guidance.
The route number field is displayed at the top of the page, with a 16-character user comment field directly below. If no user comment is entered, the field displays the first and last waypoint in the route.

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Zoom Scale Pan & Option Fields Distance to Waypoint
Present Position Track Speed
The Map Page shows your position and surroundings, and provides you with a target cursor that lets you pan ahead to nearby waypoints, determine the distance and bearing to a map position, and mark new waypoints while you navigate. The Map Page is broken down into two sections: control fields and map section. The zoom function, panning control, and configuration fields are located at the top of the screen. The zoom function uses 18 selectable zoom ranges from 0.2 to 500 miles, or 0.3 to 800 km. (Using the zoom, panning, and configure fields will be addressed in the next section.) The map portion of the page displays your present position as a diamond icon, with your track and/or route displayed as a solid line. Nearby waypoints are represented using symbols, with the waypoint name also listed. You may select which of these features are shown through the map options pages (see pgs. 37-39 for more information). The four corners of the Map Page are used to display various navigation data: the bearing and distance to a destination waypoint and your current track and speed over the ground. The two fields at the top corners of the map show your bearing and distance to one of three selectable destinations: an active destination waypoint, a highlighted on-screen waypoint, or the panning target crosshair. If you are not navigating to a waypoint or using the panning function, the top data fields will not be displayed. Your current track and speed are shown at the bottom corners of the display.
Note: The map scale represents the distance from the top to the bottom of the Map Page. For example, when viewing the 10 mile scale, the distance represented between the top of the screen and bottom is 10 miles.
The four corners of the Map Page are used to show your track and speed, along with distance and bearing to either a cursor or to a destination waypoint.

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Zooming, Panning, & Map Options
Zooming, Panning, and Map Options There are three main functions you can perform from the Map Page zooming, pointing & panning, and options (changing the map/track setup and finding cities). Each of these functions has its own field, which may be selected and activated for use. Whenever the Map Page first appears, the zoom field (at the top left) is always highlighted. The map has 18 map scales which are selected through the zoom function field.

To select a zoom scale:

1. Highlight the zoom field, if not already highlighted. 2. Press the key to begin map scale selection.

To go to a waypoint highlighted on the Map Page:
1. Press crosshair. 2. Press while the waypoint is highlight by the to confirm the GOTOwaypoint page.
Using the Cursor to Mark and Go to Waypoints During panning, the crosshair represents a target position right on the Map Page, with the range and bearing to the target displayed at the top corners of the screen. You can also use the target crosshair to mark a new waypoint position or as a GOTO destination right from the map field.
To mark the target crosshair as a new waypoint:
1. Pan to the desired position on the map and press 2. Enter a name and/or route number, and press.
Marking a Cursor Position To mark a new waypoint with the crosshair, simply pan to the desired position and press the MARK key.

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Using the Cursor & Map Options
Using the Cursor to Mark and Go to (cont.) You can also use the target crosshair as an instant GOTO destination. This feature is similar to the MOB mode, and will allow you to mark and instantly set a course for a new waypoint called MAP.
To go to the target crosshair:
1. Place the target crosshair on the desired location. 2. Press , and press.
Note: To save the MAP waypoint, be sure to rename it because it will be overwritten the next time a GOTO is performed using the target crosshair.
The OPT field gives access to the map setup, track setup, city setup and find city pages, right from the Map Page.
Accessing Map Option Windows You can access four additional pagesmap setup, track setup, find city and city setupby highlighting the OPT field at the top right of the Map Page, and pressing. The map options window will appear, ready for you to select one.

To select a map option:

1. Highlight the OPT field and press 2. Select the desired option and press.
Map Setup Page and Orientation The map setup page lets you select the Map Page and satellite sky view (see pg. 12) orientation, as well as specify what items are displayed. The Map and Satellite Pages may be oriented to NORTH UP, TRACK UP (the direction of current travel), or DTK UP (desired track up, or the direction of the desired course). The default setting is TRACKUP.
To change the map orientation:
1. Highlight the map field and press The Map Pages default screen orientation is track up. Track Up means that the top of the map display corresponds to your current direction of travel. With this setting, the map rotates as your track changes. It can also be set for north up or desired track (dtk) up orientation. 2. Select the desired orientation and press.

Note: Selecting the DTK UP option will set the satellite sky view to track up orientation. The rest of the map setup page lets you specify what items are displayed or plotted on the Map Page by selecting YES or NO in the appropriate field.
Rings displays three range rings on the map at increments of 1/5th the selected map scale. Route plots the straight-leg lines between waypoints of an active route and displays all route waypoint names.

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Map Setup Page and Orientation (cont.)
Nearest shows up to nine nearest waypoints (from your present position) on the map. Names displays the waypoint name for up to nine nearest waypoints. Track Log displays and plots track log points on the map.

Map & Track Setup

To turn a map item on or off:
1. Highlight the data field next to the desired option and press. 2. Select YES or NO and press.
Track Setup Page The track setup page lets you manage the GPS 12XLs track log data (see pg 24). You can also select whether to record a track log and define how it is recorded.
To turn the track log on or off:
1. Highlight the RECORD field, and press. 2. Select OFF, FILL, or WRAP, and press. (Note: Turning the track recording off will prevent you from using TracBack). Use the track setup page to control the way the GPS 12XL manages track log data.
Track Method The track method option determines how often positions are stored in the track log. The default setting is auto, which records track points based upon a set variance from your projected course over ground. This setting gives the most efficient use of track memory and provides the best TracBack performance.
To change the method to record points based on a specific time interval:
1. Highlight the METHOD field, and press 2. Select TIME INTERVAL, and press 3. Enter hours, minutes, and seconds, and press. twice. Entering a large time interval into the track recording criteria may plot your position points further apart than they would be in the AUTO setting. This will increase the distance you can travel without using up your track log, but will greatly reduce the effectiveness of TracBack.
Track Log Display The track log option sets the number of points the unit will attempt to display on the Map Page. The default setting of 250 points provides good resolution with minimal screen clutter. The maximum setting is 1024 points. Once youve reached the maximum number of track points, the older points will be lost as new points are added. Note that adjusting the track points displayed will not affect how the receiver records track log data or the ability to create a TracBack route.

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Track Setup & Find City
Managing and Clearing the Track Log The rest of the track setup window displays the percentage of available memory currently used to store track log data, as well as a function field to clear the track log memory.

To select a submenu page from the Main Menu:
1. Highlight the submenu option, and press 2. To return to the Main Menu Page, press.
Configure at which map scales city locations will appear on the Map Page, using the city setup page. The zoom setting indicates the maximum scale at which the cities appear.
Distance and Sun Calculations The distance and sun calculation page will give you the distance and bearing between any two waypoints or between your present position and a waypoint. It will also calculate the sunrise and sunset (in local time) for a particular date at either your present position or any stored waypoint.
To perform a distance and sun calculation:
1. Highlight the FROM field, press desired waypoint, and press 2. Highlight the TO field, press tion waypoint, and press , enter the again. The GPS12XL will calculate the sunrise and sunset times of any stored waypoint or your present position. To calculate, enter the date and year, then press ENTER.
, enter the destinaagain.
3. Highlight the DATE field. press and enter the date youll arrive at your destination. Press again.
If you havent marked your present position as a waypoint, just leave the TO field blank to show the sunrise and sunset at your present position.

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Messages & Setup Menu
Messages The messages page displays any current message alerts. There are two types of messages: temporary alerts (e.g., approaching a waypoint) and condition alerts (e.g., battery power low). All messages are initially indicated by a flashing on-screen indicator. Temporary alerts are then cleared, while condition alerts can be viewed again from the messages page. Find City Function The find city page provides the same features as the find city selection from the map options window. See page 40 for more information on the find city page. Setup Menu The setup menu displays an additional list of four menu options used exclusively for configuring the GPS 12XL to your preferences. Menu selections for system setup, navigation setup, interface setup and alarms settings are available. System Setup: Mode The system setup page is used to select the operating mode, time offset, and screen preferences. The GPS 12XL has two operating modes: Normal Mode operates the unit at maximum performance, and provides battery life of up to 24 hours on alkaline batteries. Simulator Mode allows you to operate the unit without acquiring satellites, and is ideal for practicing, or entering waypoints and routes while at home.

The CDI alarm warns you when you deviate off course (left or right) beyond the limits that you set.
Note: The arrival and CDI alarms both have setting ranges from 0.0 to 9.9 units (statute miles/nautical miles/kilometers). Setting the CDI alarm to its lowest limits may cause false alarms due to the effects of DOD-imposed Selective Availability. Selective Availability can degrade your GPS position by as much as 100 meters.

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Interface Setup The GPS 12XLs interface page lets you specify the formats for connecting external devices. There are six options: GRMN/GRMN, None/None, RTCM/None, RTCM/NMEA, NMEA/NMEA, and None/NMEA. Each option lists the input format first, followed by the output format. To select an I/O format:
1. Highlight the I/O field and press 2. Select the desired setting and press.
Interface Setup & DGPS
The GRMN/GRMN setting is a proprietary format that lets you exchange information such as waypoints, routes, and track logs between two GARMIN GPS units or the GPS 12XL and a PC. The transfer mode field is directly below GRMN/GRMN, and allows you to specify what information to request or send to a second GPS unit. The Host setting lets you control all data transfer functions from the second GPS unit or a PC.
To select a transfer mode:
1. Highlight the transfer mode field and press 2. Select a desired setting, and press.
To disable all interfacing capabilities, select the None/None setting. If you want to output NMEA data without any differential input capability, select None/NMEA.
The GRMN/GRMN option allows the GPS 12XL to exchange data with a PC or another GPS unit. Use this setting with the optional PC Software Kit.
Interface Setup: DGPS The last two format settings allow the differentialready GPS 12XL to accept RTCM DGPS corrections in RTCM 104 version 2.0 format. Using DGPS corrections will improve receiver accuracy to 1-5 meters, regardless of errors induced by the U.S. Dept. of Defense Selective Availability (SA) program. Two RTCM options are available: RTCM/NONE, which allows connection to a beacon receiver with no output capability; and RTCM/ NMEA, which allows DGPS input and NMEA output. When RTCM/NMEA is selected, the GPS 12XL will either automatically try to tune the last frequency and bit rate you selected or will switch to the default frequency of 304.0 kHz with a bit rate of 100 bps if no previous beacon has been tuned. (You may also enter your own frequency and bit rate if desired.) This information is used to tune/control an optional GARMIN GBR 21 differential beacon receiver. Note: Use the RTCM/NONE setting if your beacon receiver does not support these software-driven controls.

Once the simulator mode has been activated, use the Position, Compass, or Highway Page to set your speed and track by highlighting the appropriate field, entering the desired value, and pressing. You may also enter a new position if you desire (from the Position Page).
! The GPS 12XLdoes not track satellites in simu lator mode. Although you can create and save waypoints and routes while using the simulator mode, never attempt to use the simulator mode for actual navigation.
Select the simulator mode from the operation mode choices and press ENTER. You may return to normal operation by changing the operation mode or by turning the unit off and back on.

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APPENDIX A

Initialization

Initializing Your GPS 12XL for First-Time Use The GPS 12XL typically acquires a position fast enough that initialization is not required. However, initialization may be necessary for the following: After memory loss When the receiver has been moved more than 500 miles with the power off. Additionally, it may be necessary to initialize the unit the first time you use it, if it does not acquire a fix after the first few minutes. The receiver is shipped from the factory in AutoLocate mode, which enables the GPS 12XL to determine its location anywhere in the world. To speed up the initialization process, we recommend using the graphic initialization described below, which will usually provide a fix in a few minutes.

To turn the GPS 12XL on:

1. Press and hold until the receiver turns on.

Welcome Page

The EZinit prompt will automatically appear if the receiver needs to be initialized. The prompt may also appear during normal use if the antenna is shaded, thereby blocking satellite reception.
The welcome page will be displayed while the unit conducts a self test. Once testing is complete, the welcome page will be replaced by the Satellite Page, and the EZinit prompt may appear prompting you to select one of two initialization methods: Select Countryallows you to initialize the receiver by selecting your present position from a list of countries in the GPS 12XLs internal database. This typically provides a position fix in under three minutes. AutolocateTM allows the GPS 12XL to initialize itself and calculate a position fix without knowing your present position. This usually provides a position fix in 3-5 minutes.
If the EZinit prompt has not automatically appeared on the Satellite Page:
Note: If the EZinit prompt ever appears after you have initialized the receiver (due to the antennas view of satellites being obstructed by trees, etc.), highlight the NO RE-INIT selection with the arrow keypad and press.

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To initialize the receiver:
1. If the COUNTRY option is not highlighted, press the key repeatedly to move the field highlight to the COUNTRY option. 2. Press the key.

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unit view
Three optional cables are available to connect the GPS 12XL to an external power source or interface with another unit or PC: Cigarette Lighter Adapter Allows connection to a 12-volt DC cigarette lighter plug. Part No. 010-10085-00. Data Transfer Cable Allows data transfer between GARMIN GPS units. The GPS 12XL is compatible with the following units: GPS 38/40/45/45XL, GPS II/II plus, GPS12, and GPS 12XL. Information that can be transferred includes the almanac, waypoints, routes, and tracklog. However, waypoint symbols are only transferrable from or to units that support waypoint symbols such as the GPS II plus, GPS 12, and GPS 12XL software version 3.01 or later. Part No. 010-10142-00. PC Kit Interface Cable PC interface cable with 9-pin D serial data connector. Part No. 010-10141-00. (A combined Cigarette Lighter Adapter and PC Interface Cable is also available as Part No. 010-10165-00.) The following interface formats are supported by the GPS 12XL for connection to up to three NMEA devices: NMEA 0180 NMEA 0182 NMEA 0183 version 1.5 Approved sentences: GPRMB, GPRMC, GPWPL Proprietary sentences: PGRMM (map datum), PGRMZ (altitude), PSLIB (beacon rec. control) NMEA 0183 version 2.0 Approved sentences: GPGGA, GPGSA, GPGSV, GPRMB, GPRMC, GPRTE, GPWPL Proprietary sentences: PGRME (estimated error), PGRMM (map datum), PSLIB (beacon receiver control) DGPS corrections are accepted on RTCM-104 v. 2.1 format.

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APPENDIX C
Messages & Time Offsets
The GPS 12XL uses a flashing on-screen message indicator to alert you to important information. Whenever the message indicator appears, press PAGE to view the message page. There are two types of messages: temporary alerts and condition alerts. Temporary alerts are cleared from the message page after viewing, while condition alerts remain until the condition has been resolved. Pay careful attention to all messages for your own safety.
Active WPT Cant be DeletdYou have attempted to change the active to or active from waypoint. Clear the active route or GOTO before making your changes. Accuracy has been DegradedThe accuracy of the GPS 12XL has been degraded beyond 500 meters due to poor satellite geometry or data quality. You should check other navigational sources to verify the position indicated. Already ExistsThe name you are entering already exists in the GPS 12XLs memory. Arrival at (or Approaching)____You are one minute away from reaching a destination waypoint or at the distance specified on the alarms submenu. Battery Power is LowThebatteries are low and should be replaced. CDI AlarmYou are left or right of course, beyond the limits set on the alarms submenu. No DGPSPositionNot enough data is available to compute a DGPS position. No RTCM InputBeacon receiver is improperly connected or baud rates do not match. Poor GPS CoverageThe GPS 12XL cannot acquire the necessary number of satellites to compute a position. Try another location with a clearer view of the sky. Power Down and Re-initThe GPS 12XL is not able to calculate a position due to abnormal satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and verify the last position shown by other means. Try the unit again later, possibly in a different location. PROX AlarmYou have entered the alarm circle for a specific proximity waypoint. Proximity OverlappedThe alarm circles of two proximity waypoints overlap which could cause difficulty in monitoring distances to each waypoint. Proximity Wpt cant be DeletedThe waypoint you are trying to delete is listed as a proximity waypoint and must be removed from the list before it can be deleted. Read Only Mem has Failed The permanent memory has failed and the unit is not operable. Received an Invalid WPTA waypoint was received during upload transfer that has an invalid identifier. Receiver has FailedA failure in receiver hardware has been detected. If this message persists, do not use the unit and take it to an authorized dealer for repair. Route is FullYou have attempted to add more than 30 waypoints to a route. Route is not Empty You have attempted to copy into a route already in use. Route Waypoint Cant be DeletedThe waypoint you are trying to delete is part of a route. Delete the waypoint from the route before removing it from memory.

APPENDIX D

Prov S Am 56
Prov S Chln 63 Puerto Rico Qatar National Qornoq Reunion Rome 1940 RT 90 Santo (Dos) Sao Braz Sapper Hill 43 Schwarzeck Sth Amrcn 69
South Asia SE Base SW Base
Timbalai 1948 Tokyo Tristan Ast 68 Viti Levu 1916 Wake-Eniwetok WGS 72 WGS 84 Zanderij
Prov So Amricn 56- Bolivia, Chile,Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela Prov So Chilean 63- S. Chile Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands Qatar National- Qatar Qornoq- South Greenland Reunion- Mascarene Island Rome 1940- Sardinia Island Sweden Santo (Dos)- Espirito Santo Island Sao Braz- Sao Miguel, Santa Maria Islands (Azores) Sapper Hill 1943- East Falkland Island Schwarzeck- Namibia South American 69Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago South Asia- Singapore Southeast Base- Porto Santo and Madiera Islands Southwest Base- Faial, Graciosa, Pico, Sao Jorge and Terceira Islands (Azores) Timbalai 1948- Brunei and E. Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah) Tokyo- Japan, Korea, Okinawa Tristan Astro 1968- Tristan da Cunha Viti Levu 1916- Viti Levu/ Fiji Islands Wake-Eniwetok- Marshall Isl. World Geodetic System 1972 World Geodetic System 1984 Zanderij- Surinam

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APPENDIX E
Activating a Route.28 Active Route Page.29 Acquiring a position.8 Alarms.46 Altitude (ALT).15 Arrival Alarm.46 AutoLocate.50 Average Speed (AVSPD).15 Averaging positions.17
Date and Time.43 Deleting Waypoints.22 DGPS Interface.47-48 Distance/Sun Calculations 41
Editing Routes.30 Elapsed Time (ELPSD).15 Emergency Erase.14 Est. Time Enroute (ETE).32 Est. Time of Arrival (ETA) 32 EZinit.13, 50
Battery Installation.4 Battery Level.14 Battery Life.4, 52
Finding cities.23, 40, 42
Cancelling a GOTO.10, 23 Cautions.ii CDI.34, 45-46 CDI Alarm.46 Cigarette Lighter Adapter.53 City database.23, 40 City Setup.41 Clearing Routes.29 Clearing Track Log.11,24,40 Compass Page.7, 10, 31, 33 Configuring the Map.38 Copying Routes.29 Course to Steer (CTS).32 Creating Routes.28 Crosstrack Error (XTK).32 58
GOTO.23, 30 Going To a City.40 Going To a Waypoint.9, 23 Graphic heading display.15

Highway Page.31, 34

I/O format.47 Initializing.50 Interface Setup.47 Inverting a Route.28

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Mag. Heading Reference.45 Man Overboard.23 Map Cursor.37 Map Datums.44, 56 Map Options.37-38 Map Orientation.38 Map Page.7, 9, 35 Map Setup.38 Marking a Position.8, 17 Max. Speed (MXSPD).15-16 Maximum Speed (MXSPD)15 Main Menu Page.7, 41 Messages.42, 54
Receiver Status.13 Reference Waypoints.20 Renaming Waypoints.22 Routes Clearing.29 Copying.29 Creating.28 Editing.30 Inverting.28 Navigating Routes.28 On-Route GOTOs.30 Route Definition Page.27 Route Navigation.26

Table of Contents

SECTION ONE Introduction Glossary.2-3 SECTION TWO Getting Started Battery & Remote Antenna Installation.4 Keypad Usage & Data Entry.5 Primary Page Overview.6-7 Power On & Marking a Position.8 Position Page, Map Basics, & Going To A Waypoint.9 Compass Page & Cancelling A GOTO.10 Clearing the Map Display, Screen Contrast, & Power Off.11 SECTION THREE Reference Satellite Page.12-13 Battery Level Indicator, Backlighting, and Emergency Erase.14 Position Page & User Selectable Fields.15-16 Marking a Position & Position Averaging Function.17 Waypoint Pages & Managing Waypoints.18-23 TracBack Navigation.24-25 Creating and Using Routes.26-30 Using the Compass & Highway Pages.31-34 Map Page, Zooming, & Panning.35-38 Map Page & Track Log Setup.38-40 Menu Page & Distance/Sun Calculation.40 System Setup.41-42 Navigation Setup.43-44 Interface Setup & DGPS Interface.45-46 Navigation Simulator.47 SECTION FOUR Appendices Appendix AInitialization.48-49 Appendix BSpecifications & Wiring.50-51 Appendix CMessages and Time Offsets.52-53 Appendix DMap Datums.54-55 Appendix EIndex.56-58

Glossary

The GPS 12XL is a powerful navigation tool that can guide you anywhere in the world. To better understand its operation and capabilities, it may be helpful to review the basic terms and concepts briefly explained below. Other navigation and GPS definitions used in the manual are defined in the appropriate reference sections of the manual. Almanac Data Satellite constellation information (including location and health of satellites) that is transmitted to your receiver from every GPS satellite. Almanac data must be acquired before GPS navigation can begin. Bearing The compass direction from your position to a destination. Course Made Good (CMG) The bearing from the active from position (your starting point) to your present position. Crosstrack Error (XTK) The distance you are off a desired course in either direction. Desired Track (DTK) The compass course between the from and to waypoints. Differential GPS (DGPS) An extension of the GPS system that uses land-based radio beacons to transmit position corrections to GPS receivers. Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) The time of day of your arrival at a destination. Estimated Time Enroute (ETE) The time left to your destination at your present speed.

The Map Page shows your progress on a moving map plotter and gives a birds-eye-view of surrounding waypoints.

Compass Page

The Compass Page is the default navigation page and will show you the way to the waypoint from the direction you are moving.

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GETTING STARTED

Getting Started Tour

Now that youve seen the primary pages, lets get started by taking a simple tour to show you the basics about using your GPS 12XL. The tour assumes that your unit has been turned on and that none of the factory settings ( units of measure, selectable fields, etc.) have been changed. If these settings have been changed, the pictures and descriptions you see in this manual may not match what you see on your screen.
Power On & Marking a Position

Turning the GPS 12XL On

1. Press B until the receiver turns on.
The welcome page will appear while the unit conducts a self test. Once testing is complete, the Satellite Page will appear. When sufficient satellite signals have been acquired, the Satellite Page will be replaced by the Position Page.
The welcome page will be shown while the unit conducts a self test
Marking a Position GPS is really about marking and going to places called waypoints. Before we can use our GPS 12XL to guide us somewhere, we have to mark a position as a waypoint. (Your GPS 12XL can hold up to 500 waypoints.)
To mark your present position:
1. Press the M key. The mark position page will appear, with a default three-digit name for the new waypoint in the upper-left portion of the page.

To rename the waypoint:

1. Highlight the name field, and press E. 2. Enter the waypoint name HOME, and press E. (See pg. 9 for data entry.) The waypoint symbol field will become highlighted. Press the UP arrow to move forward through the alphabet or numbers and the DOWN arrow to move backward.
Each waypoint may also be assigned a custom waypoint symbol for easy waypoint recognition on the map.
To change the waypoint symbol:
1. Highlight the waypoint symbol field, and press E. 2. Select the house symbol, and press E. 3. Move the cursor to the DONE? prompt, and press E.

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Using the Position Page Walk for 3-4 minutes and watch the Position Page. The direction you are moving (track), your speed, trip distance, and altitude are shown on the upper half of the screen. The latitude and longitude of your position are displayed in the middle of the page, with the time of day shown below.
Lets continue by moving to the next page:

1. Press P.

Position/Map Pages & Going To a Waypoint
Map Page The next page is the Map Page.To ensure we can see our entire trip on the map, lets change the map scale from.2nm (default) to 5nm.

1. Use the arrow keys to highlight the ZM field at the top left of the Map Page and press E 2. Press the U arrow until 1nm is shown and press E. The Map Page displays your present position as a diamond icon and provides a real-time graphic breadcrumb display of your track right on the screen.
The Map Page shows your present position as a diamond icon in the center of the map. The house symbol labeled HOME is the waypoint you created and the line connecting the two is your track log.
1. Now turn approximately 90 to your right and continue walking at for another 2-3 minutes. Notice how the display changes, always keeping the direction you are moving at the top of the map (see right).
Going to a Waypoint Once youve stored a waypoint in memory, you may return to it by performing a GOTO. A GOTO is a straight-line course from your present position to the destination youve selected. Lets navigate back to our starting position, the HOME waypoint.
To select a GOTO destination:
1. Press G. 2. Highlight the HOME waypoint, and press E. The GOTO waypoint page allows you to select a destination from a list of all available waypoints in the GPS 12XLs memory.
Youll notice that youll automatically return to the Map Page, and a straight line will connect your current position to the position of the GOTO waypoint.

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Bearing to Waypoint Graphic Compass Pointer to Waypoint Track Over Ground Selectable Field Destination Waypoint Distance to Waypoint Speed Over Ground
Compass Page and Cancelling a GOTO
The GPS 12XL will also provide steering guidance with a Highway Page. To change the display from the Compass Page, press ENTER twice.
Once a GOTO is activated, the GPS 12XL provides steering guidance until the GOTO is canceled. To cancel a GOTO, highlight the cancel prompt at the bottom of the page and press ENTER.
Whenever you select a destination waypoint, the GPS 12XL provides graphic steering guidance with the Compass Page (the default navigation page). The compass ring in the middle of the page shows your course over ground while youre moving, with a pointer arrow to the destination displayed in the center. The arrow shows the direction of your destination from the direction you are moving. For instance, if the arrow points up, you are going directly to the waypoint. If the arrow points any other direction (left, right, down, etc.), turn toward the arrow until it points up. Then continue in that direction. The bearing and distance to a waypoint are displayed at the top of the screen, and your current track and speed are shown below. The default ETE field, at the bottom of the screen, is a user-selectable field that can provide a variety of navigation information. Well cover more about that field in the reference section (see page 36). As you get close to HOME, youll be alerted to press PAGE. The GPS 12XL will give you the message Approaching HOME. Once youve arrived, youll notice the distance field will read 0.00.

The GPS 12XL Satellite Page will help you determine which satellites are in view, and whether or not any satellites are being shaded or blocked from receiving satellite signals (See satellites 07 and 09 above). By periodically monitoring the signal strength bars at the bottom of the page and the north up sky view, you will be able to see how moving to another area with a clearer view of the sky will improve satellite reception and speed up signal acquisition.
The GPS 12XLs Satellite Page displays the status of various receiver functions. The status information will help you understand what the GPS 12XL is doing at any given time, and will tell you whether or not the receiver has calculated a position fix.
Sky View and Signal Strength Bars The sky view and signal strength bars give you an indication of what satellites are visible to the receiver, whether or not they are being used to calculate a position fix, and the signal quality. The satellite sky view shows a birds-eye-view of the position of each available satellite relative to the units last known position. The outer circle represents the horizon (north up); the inner circle is 45 above the horizon; and the center point is directly overhead. You can use the sky view to help determine if any satellites are being blocked, and whether you have a current position fix (indicated by a 2D NAV or 3D NAV in the status field). You can also set the sky view to a track up configuration by changing the orientation option on the Map Page. (See pg. 38 for setup instructions.) When the receiver is looking for a particular satellite, the corresponding signal strength bar will be blank and the sky view indicator will be highlighted. Once the receiver has found the satellite, a hollow signal strength bar will appear, indicating that the satellite has been found and the receiver is collecting data from it. The satellite number in the sky view will no longer appear highlighted. As soon as the GPS 12XL has collected the necessary data to calculate a fix, the status field will indicate a 2D or 3D status.

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Receiver Status Receiver status is indicated at the top left of the page, with the current horizontal accuracy (estimated position error, in feet or meters) at the top right. The status will be shown as one of the following conditions: Searching the GPS 12XL is looking for any available satellites in view. AutoLocate the GPS 12XL is initializing and collecting new almanac data. This process can take 5 minutes, depending on the satellites currently in view. Acquiring the receiver is collecting data from available satellites, but has not collected enough data to calculate a 2D fix. 2D Nav (2D Navigation) at least three satellites with good geometry have been locked onto and a 2-dimensional position fix (latitude and longitude) is being calculated. 2D Diff will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 2D mode. 3D Nav (3D Navigation) at least four satellites with good geometry have been locked onto, and your position is now being calculated in latitude, longitude and altitude. 3D Diff will appear when you are receiving DGPS corrections in 3D mode. Poor Cvg (Poor GPS Coverage) the receiver isnt tracking enough satellites for a 2D or 3D fix due to bad satellite geometry. Not Usable the receiver is unusable, possibly due to incorrect initialization or abnormal satellite conditions. Turn the unit off and back on to reset, and reinitialize the receiver if necessary. Simulator the receiver is in simulator mode. EZinit Option Prompt The Satellite Page also provides access to the EZinit prompt whenever a position fix has not been calculated. (The unit must be in searching, AutoLocate, acquiring, simulator, or poor coverage mode.) This allows you to reinitialize the unit (see Appendix A), and is useful if you have traveled over 500 miles with the receiver off and must initialize your new position. (The EZinit prompt will automatically appear if the receiver needs to be initialized. The prompt may also appear during normal use if the antenna is shaded or the unit is indoors.
Receiver Status & EZinit
The signal strength bars at the bottom of the page will not appear until the GPS 12XL has found the satellites indicated at the bottom of the screen.
If you travel more than 500 miles with the receiver off, reinitialize the unit to your new position by using the EZinit feature. To access EZinit, press ENTER from the Satellite Page before any satellites are acquired.

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Battery Level, Backlighting & Emergency Erase
Battery Level Indicator The Satellite Page also features a battery level indicator, located to the left of the sky view, which displays the strength of the units batteries. The battery indicator will not appear if the receiver is using external power.
The battery level indicator is calibrated for alkaline batteries. Voltage differences will display Ni-Cad and lithium batteries differently. No other receiver functions are affected.

The GPS 12XL features an internal lithium battery that will maintain the units memory when the receiver is not running off batteries or external power.
When backlighting is on, a bulb icon will appear on the Satellite Page. Use the icon to determine if backlighting is turned on during daylight hours.
Backlighting Bulb Icon The GPS 12XL features full-screen backlighting. Activate the backlight by pressing the B key briefly. Note: A bulb icon will appear on the Satellite Page when backlighting is turned on. Emergency Erase Function You may erase the GPS 12XLs memory in four quick steps. This will cause all stored data to be deleted, including: routes, waypoints, and the track log.
To erase all stored data:
1. Ensure that the GPS 12XL is turned off. 2. While holding down the Mkey, hold down the B key to turn the unit on. A warning message will appear with Yes? highlighted, and ask you to confirm your selection. 3. If you do not wish to erase all stored data, press R and E to cancel the emergency erase.
Upon activating the Emergency Erase Function, you will be asked to confirm your decision.
4. If you do wish to complete the emergency erase, press E to confirm.

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Position Page The second page in the GPS 12XLs primary page sequence is the Position Page. This page shows you where you are, what direction youre heading, and how fast youre going, and its most useful when you are traveling without an active destination waypoint. The graphic heading display at the top of the page indicates the direction youre heading (while youre moving). Directly below this display are the track, speed, and trip odometer fields (default). Track is the compass direction representing your course over the ground, and speed is how fast youre moving. The lower lefthand corner of the page shows your current latitude and longitude in degrees and minutes. The GPS 12XL uses this basic information to mark exact positions as waypoints, which help guide you from one place to another. The lower right-hand corner of the page contains the altitude field (default). Below that field is a 12- or 24-hour clock. Both the trip odometer and the altitude fields are user selectable, and both offer a trip odometer, trip timer, and elapsed time. This way, you can always be sure of viewing this information regardless of the option youve selected to view in the other user-selectable field. The following user-selectable options are available on the Position Page: Trip Odometer (TRIP) total distance traveled since last reset. Trip Timer (TTIME) total (cumulative) time in which a ground speed has been maintained since last reset. Elapsed Time (ELPSD) hours and minutes since last reset. Average Speed (AVSPD) average speed traveled. Maximum Speed (MXSPD) maximum speed traveled since last reset. Altitude (ALT) vertical distance above sea level.

The TracBack feature will navigate your track log back to the oldest point in the receivers memory.
The track log will be divided into segments with temporary waypoints to create a route back to the beginning of the track log.

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Routes
Route Navigation The last form of navigating to a destination with the GPS 12XL is by creating a user-defined route. The route navigation feature lets you plan and navigate a course from one place to another using a set of pre-defined waypoints. Routes are often used when its not practical, safe, or possible to navigate a direct course to a particular destination (e.g., through a body of water or impassable terrain).

Waypoint 2

(active to waypoint)

Active Leg

Waypoint 1

(active from waypoint)

Routes are broken down and navigated in smaller segments called legs. The waypoint you are going to in a leg is called the active to waypoint and the waypoint immediately behind you is called the active from waypoint. The line between the active to and the active from waypoint is called the active leg. Whenever you activate a route with the GPS 12XL, it will automatically select the route leg closest to your position as the active leg. As you pass each waypoint in the route, the receiver will automatically sequence and select the next waypoint as the active to waypoint.

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Route Definition Page
Comment Field Desired Track of Leg Route Number Leg Distance

Copy Field

Total Distance

Function Prompts

The last form of navigating to a destination with the GPS 12XL is by creating a user-defined route. The GPS 12XL lets you create and store up to 20 routes of 30 waypoints each. The route navigation feature lets you plan and navigate a course from one place to another using a set of pre-defined waypoints. Routes are often used when its not practical, safe, or possible to navigate a direct course to a particular destination (e.g., through a body of water or impassable terrain). The bottom of the route definition page features several function fields which let you copy, clear, invert, or activate the displayed route. Routes 1-19 are used as storage routes, with route 0 always serving as the active route you are navigating. If you want to save a route thats currently in route 0, be sure to copy it to another open route, as it will be overwritten by the next route activation. Routes can be copied, cleared, inverted, and activated through the route definition page.
To select the route definition page:
1. Highlight ROUTES from the Menu Page, and press E.
Routes enable you to store and use groups of frequently used waypoints together.

The route number field is displayed at the top of the page, with a 16-character user comment field to the right. If no user comment is entered, the field displays the first and last waypoint in the route. The waypoint list on the left side of the page accepts up to 30 waypoints for each route, with fields for desired track and distance between legs. The total route distance is indicated below the waypoint list.
Enter each waypoint in the order you would like to navigate them. If you enter a waypoint not stored in memory, youll need to define the position on the waypoint definition page.

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Creating and Navigating Routes
To create a route from the route definition page:
1. Highlight the ROUTE: field, and press E. 2. Enter a route number, and press E. (Only open routes will be available.) 3. Press E to begin entry of a route comment. 4. Enter your comment, and press the E key. 5. Enter the first waypoint of your route, and press E. As you continue entering the rest of your waypoints, the list will automatically scroll down.

Using Routes

Whenever you activate a route, it will automatically select the route leg closest to your position as the active leg. As you pass each waypoint in the route, the receiver will automatically sequence and select the next waypoint as the active to waypoint.
You may use up to 16 characters to custom name a route. The default name will be the first and last waypoint in the route.
Activating and Inverting Routes After a route has been entered, it can be either activated in sequence or inverted from the route definition page. The process of activating or inverting a stored route takes a storage route (routes 1-19) and copies it into the active route (route 0) for navigation. The storage route is now no longer needed and will be retained in its original format under its existing route number. This system allows you to have an active route that you may edit during navigation and save as an entirely new route from the original. You will have to copy the active route to an unused storage route to save it, since new route or TracBack activation overwrites route 0.

To activate a route:

1. From the route definition page, highlight the ROUTE: field.
To activate a route, highlight the ACT? prompt and press ENTER.

2. Enter the route number to be activated, and press E. 3. Highlight ACT?, and press E.
To activate a route in inverted order:
1. Follow the steps above, but select INV?, and press E.

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Active Route Page Once a route has been activated, the active route page will display the waypoint sequence of your route with the estimated time enroute (ETE) at your present speed and the distance to each waypoint. As long as you are navigating an active route, the active route page will become part of the main page sequence of the unit. The active route page will also allow you to change the ETE field to display desired track (DTK) or estimated time of arrival (ETA) for each leg. You can also clear or invert the active route.
To display DTK or ETA for each leg:
1. Highlight ETE, and press E. 2. Select DTK or ETA, and press E.
Active Route, Copying, & Clearing
The active route page also allows you to clear (stop navigating) or invert the active route without using the route definition page.
To invert a route from the active route page:
1. Highlight INV?, and press E. Active Route Page Whenever you have an active route, the active route page will appear in the primary page sequence after the Compass/Highway Page.
To stop route navigation:
1. Select CLR?, and press E.
Copying and Clearing Routes The route definition page is also used to copy a route to another route number. This feature is useful when you make changes to the active (or TracBack) route and want to save the route in its modified form for future use.

To copy a route:

1. Highlight the route number field, and press E. 2. Select the route number to be copied, and press E. 3. Highlight the COPY TO field, and press E. 4. Scroll through the available routes and select a destination route number. (Only open routes will be available.) Press E to copy the route.
To clear a route from memory:
1. Highlight the ROUTE: field, and press E. 2. Enter the route number, and press E. 3. Select CLR?, and press E. 4. Highlight Yes?, and press E.
To copy a route, select an open storage route and press the ENTER key. If you select a route that is already used, youll be alerted with a Route Full message.

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Editing Routes & On-Route GOTOs
Editing Routes A route can be edited any time after its creation. To edit a route from the active route page or the route definition page:
1. Select the waypoint you want to edit, and press E.
An on-screen menu of editing choices will appear, with options for reviewing, inserting, deleting, or changing the waypoint field highlighted. This field contains the following options:
Use the on-screen menu to select the desired editing function.

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Zoom Scale Pan & Configure Fields Distance to Waypoint
Present Position Track Over Ground Speed Over Ground
The Map Page shows your position and surroundings, and provides you with a target cursor that lets you pan ahead to nearby waypoints, determine the distance and bearing to a map position, and mark new waypoints while you navigate. The Map Page is broken down into two sections: control fields and map section. The zoom function, panning control, and configuration fields are located at the top of the screen. The zoom function uses 12 selectable zoom ranges from 0.2 to 320 miles or 0.5 to 600 km. (Using the zoom, panning, and configure fields will be addressed in the next section.) The map portion of the page displays your present position as a diamond icon, with your track and/or route displayed as a solid line. Nearby waypoints are represented as squares, with the waypoint name also listed. You may select which of these features are shown through the map setup submenu page (see pg. 38-39 for more information). The four corners of the Map Page are used to display various navigation data, including the bearing and distance to a destination waypoint and your current track and speed over the ground. The two fields at the top corners of the map show your bearing and distance to one of three selectable destinations: an active destination waypoint, a highlighted on-screen waypoint, or the panning target crosshair. If you are not navigating to a waypoint or using the panning function, the top data fields will not be displayed. Your current track and speed are shown at the bottom corners of the display.
Note: A map scale represents the distance shown from the bottom to the top of the Map Page. For example, when viewing the 10 mile scale, the distance represented between the top of the screen and bottom is 10 miles.
The four corners of the Map Page are used to show your course, speed, and distance to either a cursor or to a destination waypoint.

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Zooming, Panning, & Configuring
Zooming, Panning, and Configuring There are four main functions you can perform from the Map Page zooming, pointing, panning, and configuring (changing the map and track setup). Each of these functions has its own field, which may be selected and activated for use. Whenever the Map Page first appears, the zoom field (at the top left) is always highlighted. The map has 12 map scales which are selected through the zoom function field.

To select a zoom scale:

1. Use the arrow keypad to highlight the zoom field. 2. Press the E key to begin range selection. 3. Select a range scale and press E.
A crosshair will appear when you activate the pan function. The distance and direction of the crosshair from your current position will be shown in the upper corners of the Map Page.

Track Log Display The track log option sets the number of points the unit will attempt to display on the Map Page. The default setting of 250 points provides good resolution with minimal screen clutter. The maximum setting is 1024 points. Once youve reached the maximum number of track points, the older points will be lost as new points are added. Note that adjusting the track points displayed will not affect whether the receiver records a track log or the ability to create a TracBack route.

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Track Log & Distance/Sun Calculation
Managing and Clearing the Track Log The rest of the track setup window displays the percentage of available memory currently used to store track log data, as well as function fields to clear the track log memory and activate the TracBack feature.

To clear the track log:

1. Highlight CLEAR LOG?, and press E. 2. Highlight Yes?, and press E.
Note: Its a good idea to clear the track log at the end of the trail head, etc., in order to make the best use of the TracBack feature.
Clear the track log any time your screen gets cluttered or to make more room to store points to be used for a TracBack.
Menu Page The GPS 12XLs Menu Page provides access to additional pages (submenus) that are used to select and customize operation and navigation setup. These eight pages are divided into categories by function. Weve already gone over the waypoint and route management pages in their respective sections. Lets review the rest of these pages in the order they appear on the Menu Page.
To select a submenu page from the Menu Page:
1. Highlight the page, and press E. 2. To return to the Menu Page, press Q.
Distance and Sun Calculations The distance and sun calculation page will give you the distance and bearing between any two waypoints or between your present position and a waypoint. It will also calculate the sunrise and sunset (in local time) for a particular date at either your present position or any stored waypoint.
To perform a distance and sun calculation:
The GPS 12XL will calculate the sunrise and sunset times of any stored waypoint or your present position. To calculate, enter the date and year and press ENTER. 1. Highlight the FROM field, enter the desired waypoint, and press E. 2. Highlight the TO field, enter the destination waypoint, and press E. 3. The DATE field will become highlighted. Enter the date youll arrive at your destination, and press E.
If you havent marked your present position as a waypoint or you leave the TO field blank, the sunrise and sunset at your present position will be shown.

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System Setup The system setup page is used to select the operating mode, time offset, and screen preferences. The GPS 12XL has two operating modes: Normal Mode operates the unit at maximum performance, and provides battery life of up to 12 hours on alkaline batteries. Simulator Mode allows you to operate the unit without acquiring satellites, and is ideal for practicing or entering waypoints and routes while at home.

To select a position format:
1. Highlight the POSITION FRMT field, and press E. Select the desired setting, and press E.

Navigation Setup

User Grid Position Format The user grid option lets you create a user defined position format by establishing factors such as longitude of origin, scale, and false Easting or Northing. To define a user grid:
1. Select User Grid, and press E. Enter values for longitude origin, scale, and false Easting and Northing, and press E. Highlight SAVE?, and press E.
The position format may be set to display your choice of many formats. Note: degree and minutes is the default setting.
Map Datums The MAP DATUM field comes with a WGS 84 default setting. Although 106 total map datums are available for use (see Appendix D for map datums), you should only change the datum if you are using maps or charts that specify a different datum than WGS 84. To select a map datum:
1. Highlight the MAP DATUM field, and press E. 2. Select the desired setting, and press E.
The default map datum covers world-wide navigation. However, if you are using a paper map or chart which uses a different map datum that WGS 84, then you may wish to switch to that datum.

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Map Datums (continued)

To define a user datum:

1. Highlight the MAP DATUM field, and press E. 2. Scroll through the map datum options until User appears, and press E. 3. Enter values for DX, DY, DZ, DA, and DF using the rocker keypad, and press E. 4. Highlight SAVE?, and press E. The setup menu will reappear.
Datums, CDI Settings, & Measurement
The user datum feature allows you to define the earth model used to calculate position coordinates. WARNING: Incorrect entries may result in substantial position errors.
CDI Scale Settings The course deviation indicator (CDI) field lets you select the +/- range of the CDI bar scale on the Highway Page. Three scales are available: +/- 0.25 (default), 1.25, and 5.0 miles or kilometers. Note: This CDI value represents the full deflection of scale to either side. To enter a CDI scale setting:
1. Highlight the CDI SCALE field, and press E. 2. Select the desired setting, and press E.
Units of Measure The GPS 12XL lets you select statute (default), nautical, or metric units of measure for all speed and distance fields. To change the unit of measure:

waterproof* 14.6 x 5.1 x 3.4 cm Approx 9.5 ounces (269g) w/ batteries 5 to 158F (-15 to 70C)
Temperature Range: PERFORMANCE Receiver: Acquisition Time:
12 parallel channel, differential-ready Approx. 15 seconds (warm start) Approx. 45 seconds (cold start) Approx. 5 minutes (AutoLocateTM)
Update Rate: Position Accuracy: Velocity Accuracy: Dynamics: POWER Input: Battery Life: Internal Backup:
1/second, continuous 1-5 meters (3-17 ft.) with DGPS corrections** 15 meters (49 ft.) RMS*** 0.1 knot RMS steady state 6g
Four 1.5 volt AA batteries or 10-32 vDC Up to 12 hours (with 4 AA batteries) lithium battery
Power Consumption: 1 watt
NOTE: Alkaline batteries lose a significant amount of their capacity as temperature decreases. If youre using the GPS 12XL in below freezing temperatures, use lithium batteries for longer battery life. Extensive use of screen backlighting will significantly reduce battery life. Specifications subject to change without notice. * Meets IEC (European Community Specification) 529 IPX7 for protection against immersion for 30 minutes at a depth of 1 meter. ** With optional DGPS Input. *** Subject to accuracy degradation to 100m 2DRMS under the US DOD-imposed Selective Availability Program.

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unit view
DATA IN (WHITE) GROUND (BLACK)

POWER (RED)

DATA OUT (BROWN)
Three optional cables are available to connect the GPS 12XL to an external power source or interface with another unit or PC: Cigarette Lighter Adapter Allows connection to a 12-volt DC cigarette lighter plug. Part No. 010-10085-00. Data Transfer Cable Allows data transfer between GARMIN GPS units. The GPS 12XL is compatible with the following units: GPS 38/40/45/45XL, GPS II/II plus, GPS 12, and GPS 12XL. Information that can be transferred includes the almanac, waypoints, routes, and tracklog. However, waypoint symbols are only transferrable from or to units that support waypoint symbols such as the GPS II plus, GPS 12, and GPS 12XL software version 3.01 or later. Part No. 010-10142-00. PC Kit Interface Cable PC interface cable with 9-pin D serial data connector. Part No. 010-10141-00. The following interface formats are supported by the GPS 12XL for driving three NMEA devices: NMEA 0180 NMEA 0182 NMEA 0183 version 1.5 Approved sentences: GPRMB, GPRMC, GPWPL Proprietary sentences: PGRMM (map datum), PGRMZ (altitude), PSLIB (beacon rec. control) NMEA 0183 version 2.0 Approved sentences: GPGGA, GPGSA, GPGSV, GPRMB, GPRMC, GPRTE, GPWPL Proprietary sentences: PGRME (estimated error), PGRMM (map datum), PSLIB (beacon receiver control) DGPS corrections are accepted on RTCM-104 v. 2.1 format.