HP 6S Scientific Calculator

English.PM6

3/3/99, 3:45 PM
NOTICE This manual and any examples contained herein are provided as is and are subject to change without notice. Except to the extent prohibited by law, Hewlett-Packard Company makes no express or implied warranty of any kind with regard to this manual and specifically disclaims the implied warranties and conditions of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose and Hewlett-Packard Company shall not be liable for any errors or for incidental or consequential damage in connection with the furnishing, performance or use of this manual and the examples herein. Hewlett-Packard Company 1999. All rights reserved.
REGULATORY INFORMATION USA This calculator has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This calculator generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and may interfere with radio and television reception. In the unlikely event that this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, try the following: reorient or relocate the receiving antenna increase separation between the calculator and the receiver consult your dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
CANADA This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numrique de la classe B est conforme la norme NMB-003.

Contents

1. Keyboard
General keys Memory keys Special keys Base-n keys Function keys Statistical keys

2. The display

Exponent displays

3. Basic functions

Entering numbers Entering negative numbers Entering exponential numbers Arithmetic operator Equals Making corrections Clearing errors Fixing the number of decimal places displayed Setting the display to scientific notation

4. Calculations

Precision Order of operations Simple calculations Specifying the order of calculations Re-using arithmetic operations Using memory Fraction arithmetic Percentage calculations

5. Other functions

Converting minutes and seconds to decimal format Conversion between angles, radians and grads Trigonometric functions Hyperbolic functions Logarithmic functions Powers and roots Miscellaneous functions Polar to rectangular coordinates conversions Rectangular to polar coordinates conversions
6. Binary, octal and hexadecimal values
Binary/octal/decimal/hexadecimal conversions Binary/octal/decimal/hexadecimal calculations Logical operations Radix complement

7. Using statistics

Entering a list of data items to analyse Using statistical functions on your data
8. Specifications 9. Changing the battery

General keys

Key Functions
Data entry Basic calculation

Page 8

Functions
Sexagesimal/decimal notation conversion Mode of angle

DEGRADGRADDEG

Page 15

0 to9:. +-* d=

Reset the calculator and clear the memory Clear/clear error Change sign
Angular conversion of data
Register exchange Clearing the last entered digit Fix the number of digits after the decimal point Floating notation Scientific notation Engineering notation

Memory keys

Retrieve data from the independent memory Store display data in memory Exchange of display data and contents of memory Add displayed data to memory

Page 11 11

Base-n keys

Key Functions

Decimal Binary Hexadecimal Octal Hexadecimal numbers only And Or Exclusive Or Exclusive Nor Not Negative

Page 18

Special keys
Inverse Mode Brackets (parentheses) Exponent Pi

Page 13

I M () P

A to F & o x X N

Keyboard

Function keys

Key s c t S T L Functions
Sine Cosine Tangent Arc sine Arc cosine Arc tangent Hyperbolic Common logarithm Common antilogarithm Natural logarithm Natural antilogarithm Square root Square Fraction Cube root Reciprocal Factorial

Page 14

Key %
Power Root Rectangle to polar Polar to rectangular Percent

Page 12

Statistical keys

Key n Functions

Statistical data mode Data entry Data delete Sample standard deviation Population standard deviation Arithmetic mean Number of data Sum of value Sum of square value

Page 19

1. 4 5

HYP BIN OCT HEX

Mantissa
LCD Diagram The display shows input data, interim results and answers to calculations. The mantissa section displays up to 10 digits. The exponent section displays up to 99. Display -EINV M HYP BIN, OCT, HEX SD DEG, RAD, GRAD FIX (this does not display) Meaning Indicates an error I has been pressed to enable inverse key functions Indicates that data is stored in the memory has been pressed for hyperbolic functions BASE-N mode has been selected Statistical mode has been selected has been pressed to switch between the DEG, RAD and GRAD angle types The number of decimal places of a displayed value has been set Page 13 9,11 13
SCI (this does not display) Converts a displayed value to exponent display ENG (this does not display) Converts a displayed value to exponent display of which the exponent is a multiple of 3 and mantissa is between 0 to 999 FLO (this does not display) Convert a SCI or ENG form display to a normal display value 4512123 12.3'45.6" 4512/123 Sexagesimal figure 123'45.6"
The display can show calculation results only up to 10 digits long. When an intermediate value or a final result is longer than 10 digits, the calculator automatically switches over to exponential notation. Values greater than 9,999,999,999 are always displayed exponentially.

The Display

Entering numbers
etc Press the number keys to enter numbers. Press. for a decimal point.
Entering negative numbers
Press after a number to make it negative. 5.08 -5.08
Entering exponential numbers
Press to enter an exponential number. 3.08109 3.089 3.0809

Arithmetic operator

Press to perform an arithmetic operation on the value displayed. You must enter a number after the arithmetic operator. If you press more than one arithmetic operator in sequence, the calculator only performs the last operation (the last key pressed). 4*d+-+5 9.

Equals

Press to complete your calculation and display a result. If you press = more than once without entering a number, the calculator performs the last arithmetic operation on the value displayed. 48 4*8= 4*8== 32. 256.

Basic functions

Making corrections
Press to delete the last number entered. Press to remove the displayed value, but retain the calculation being performed. Press after the arithmetic operator to cancel the entire calculation. 5+5+5+65= 5+5+5+= 20. 0.

Clearing errors

Press to clear an error (indicated by -E- in the display)eg, an overflow errorand retain data in the memory. Press to reset the calculator and clear the memory (solar model only).
Fixing the number of decimal places displayed

I 2 I.

Press after your arithmetic operation, or after you press , to set the number of decimal places displayed (the number you press is the number of decimal places you want to display). The calculator rounds the number in the display but maintains full precision internally. Press to reset the floating decimal point.
Setting the display to scientific notation
Press to set the display to scientific notation and express the number as a power of10eg,.0043 is displayed as 4.3.-03 to represent 4.310-3. Press to reset the display to the floating format.

Precision

The HP 6S scientific calculator calculates answers to 12-digit accuracy, but rounds answers to 10 digits in the display. When it performs a calculation using the result of a previous calculation, it uses the stored 12-digit value and not the 10-digit value displayed.

Order of operations

The HP 6S scientific calculator performs operations in the following order: , , , *, d +, & o, x, X

Simple calculations

Perform calculations in the same way that you write them on paper. 7.28.5 4.73.9 7.2*8.5-4.7*3.9= 48 4*8= 42.87 32.

Specifying the order of calculations
Use brackets to specify the order of calculations. You can nest as many as six levels of brackets. You do not need to enter the closing brackets. The calculator inserts them for you, although it does not display them. -5(4+3) 5*(4+3= -35.

Calculations

Re-using arithmetic operations
or Press the arithmetic operator key twice to re-use an arithmetic operation on a new number. The calculator stores the operation and applies it when you enter another number and press =. Store a calculation for re-use by enclosing it in brackets. Clear the stored arithmetic operation by pressing. 3+2.3 6+2.3 9+2.3 4(36) -5(36) 3++2.3= 6= 9= 4**(3*6= 5= 5.3 8.3 11.3 72. -90.

Using memory

f e The HP 6S scientific calculator has one independent memory. M is displayed when there is a value in memory. Press to clear the display or cancel the current calculation without clearing the memory. Press to store the displayed value in memory. Press m to add the displayed value to the memory. Press r to retrieve the contents of memoryto determine its value or include it in your calculation. Press I to display the contents of memory and replace it with the value that was displayed before the keys were pressed. Press to clear the display and the memory (solar model). Press fe to clear the display and the memory (battery model).

Fraction arithmetic

Press to enter fractions. Press after = to display the fraction as a decimal. In the display, a fraction is reduced to its lowest terms when you press a function command key (,,+,-) or =. 4 5/6 (3+12/3) 78/9 456*(3+123)d789= 26171. 2.86
(1.5107) [(2.5106) 3/100] = 1.57-2.56*3100= 3456/78 = 811/= 149250000. 345678. 81113.
Press these keys to switch between proper and improper fractions. 811/13 = 115/13 I I 81113. 11513. 81113.
The answer to a calculation involving both fractions and decimals is displayed as a decimal.

41/52 78.9

4152*78.9= 62.20961538

Percentage calculations

Press to perform percentage calculations. 12% of as a percentage of plus 15% 1500*12I%= 660d880I%= 2500+15I% = 25% discount on 3500 3500-25I% = 26% of 2200; 26% of 3300; 26% of 3800; 2200**26I%= 3300= 3800= $80 last week; $100 this week: what % is the new value of the old value? 100d80I%= What % is 138gm to 150gm and 129gm to 150gm? 138dd150I%= 129= 92. 86. 125. 572. 858. 988. 180. 75. 375. 2875. 875. 2625.
Converting minutes and seconds to decimal format
Press to convert minutes and seconds (sexagesimal figure) to decimal format. When you enter the sexagesimal figure, enter the degrees to the left of the decimal point, and minutes and seconds to the rightthe first and second digits to the left of decimal point are minutes and the third and subsequent digits seconds.

Press to convert decimal format to sexagesimal format. 142536 I 14.2536 14.42666667 142536
Conversion between angles, radians and grads
45 = 0.785398163 rad = 50 grad 45I I I

RAD GRAD DEG

0.785398163

50. 45.

Trigonometric functions
Press to switch between RAD, DEG and GRAD sin (/6 rad) = cos 635241 = RAD IPd6=s DEG 63.5241 c tan (-35 grad) = GRAD 35t
0.5 63.87805556 0.440283084 -0.612800788 0.597672477 1.732050808 2. 2. 0.760244597 31.39989118 312359.6

DEG DEG

2 sin 45 x cos 65 = DEG 2*45s*65c= cot 30 = 1/tan 30 = 1 sec (/3 rad) = cos (/3 rad) 1 cosec 30 = sin 30 cos tan
DEG 30t RAD IPd3=c 30s RAD 2Id2=c

RAD DEG DEG

10.6104

DEG.6104IT I

Other functions

Hyperbolic functions

sinh 3.6 = tanh 2.5 = cosh 1.5 sinh 1.5 = 3.6s 2.5t 1.5crs=
18.28545536 0.986614298 2.352409615 0.22313016
sinh = solve tanh 4x = 0.x = tan 0.88 = 4

30IS.88ITd4=

4.094622224 0.343941914

Logarithmic functions

log 1.23 (=log10 1.23) = solve 4x = 64 log 64 x = log4 log 456 In 456 = 100.4 + 5 e.3 = 5.6

1.23L 64Ld4L= 456Ldr=

0.089905111 3.

0.434294481

.4I+5*3I= 5.62.3= 123I7= (78-23)12= 312+10I=
2.760821773 52.58143837 1.988647795

1.305111829-21

1231/7 (=7123) = (78 23)

312 + e10 =

553467.4658

Powers and roots

2 + 3 x 5 =
2I+3I*5I= 5I+27I 123+30= 8I
5.287196909 -1.290024053 1023. 40320

5 + -27 =

123 + 302 = 8! (=1 x 2 x 3 x x 7 x 8 ) =

Miscellaneous functions

1.234 + 1.234 = I21.234+ 1.234= I. 13+13= I21d3+ I 1d3= I I. 123m x 456m = 56088m = 56.088km 7.8g 96 = 0.08125g = 81.25mg 123*456= I 7.8d96= I 1.23 2.47 2.468 0.33 3.33-01 6.67-01 0.67 0.666666666 56088. 56.0.08125 81.25 - 03
Polar to rectangular coordinates conversions
Formula: x = r cos y = r sin eg, find the value of x and y when the point P is shown as =60 and the length r=2 in the polar coordinates DEG 2I60I I I 1.

1.732050808

Rectangular to polar coordinates conversions
Formula: r = x2 + y2 = tan-1y/x (-180< 180) eg, find the length r and the angle in radian when the point P is shown as x=1 and y=3 in the rectangular coordinates. RAD 1I3I= I I 2.

1.047197551

( in radian)
Use the M key to set the number base. When you use bases other than 10, you can only enter numbers valid for the baseeg, in binary mode you can only enter 1 and 0. M sets the mode to hexadecimal. In hexadecimal mode, A to F keys are enabled. Note that b and d in hexadecimal mode are shown in lower case to distinguish them from numbers. M sets the mode to octal. M sets the mode to binary. M sets the mode to decimal. Note: When using a number base other than 10, any fractional part is truncated.

Binary/octal/decimal/hexadecimal conversions
Conversion of 2210 to binary. Conversion of 2210 to octal. Conversion of 51310 to binary. Conversion of 7FFFFFFF16 to decimal. M7FFFFFFFM Conversion of 12345610 to octal. 123456M Conversion of 11001102 to decimal. M1100110M 102.

22M M 513M

BIN OCT E BIN

10110. 26. 0.

Conversion to binary mode generates an error if the result is greater than 10 digits.

2147483647. 361100.

Binary/octal/decimal/hexadecimal calculations
1238 x ABC16 =37AF416 =22808410 1F2D=788110 =1EC916 M1F2D-M100 M=
101112 + 110102 = 1100012 M1011+1101=

11000.

M123*MABC= M

37AF4. 228084.

7881. 1EC9.
Binary, octal and hexadecimal values

= 334.33.10 = 5168

Fractional parts of calculation results are truncated.

M7654dM12=

334.3333333
1102+4568x78101A16 =39016 =91210 BC16 x (1410 + 6910 =1560410 =3CF416

M110+M456*

M78dM1A= M

390. 912.

Multiplication and division are given priority over addition and subtraction in mixed calculations.

MBC*(M14+69)= M

15604. 3CF4.

Logical operations

&o xX
You can use the following logical operations to compare two numbers. When performing logical operations, keep the following points in mind: You cannot use decimal-base numbers in logical operations. The calculator compares the binary versions of the numbers you enter. If the number is less than 10 digits long, the calculator fills values to the left of the number with 0seg, if you compare hexadecimal F1 to octal 4, the calculator compares 0000010001 to 0000000100. If you use one number with a logical operation, the calculator compares it to 0000000000.
The logical operators work in the following way: 1. The operation compares the binary digits in the corresponding positions in each of the numbers. 2. The operation returns a binary digit corresponding to each position. 3. If you are using a base other than binary, the result is shown in the base of the last number you entered. The following logical operators are available: & returns a 1 for every position where there is a 1 in both numbers. o returns a 1 for every position where there is a 1 in either number. x returns a 1 for every position where there is a 1 in either number, but not both numbers. X returns a 1 for every position where there is the same digit in both numbers. returns the diminished radix complement. Press these keys to perform the respective binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal logical operations.

1916AND 1A16 = 1816 M19&1A= 12016OR 11012 = 12D16 M120oM1101= M 516XOR 316 = 616 M5X3= 2A16XNOR 5D16 = FFFFFFFF8816 M2AX5D= 1A16 AND 2F16 = A16 M1A&&2F= NOT of 10102 M10110
BIN HEX HEX HEX BIN HEX HEX

100101101.

12d. 6.

FFFFFFFF88.

1111101001.

Radix complement

Press to calculate and display the radix complement of the hexadecimal, octal or binary number currently displayedie, 10000000000-the binary version of the number.
Press to use statistics mode. Statistics mode allows you to enter data and apply the statistics functions to analyse the data.
Entering a list of data items to analyse
Press after each data element. When you press , the calculator displays the number of data elements entered. For example, to enter a list of data consisting of 5, 8 and -3, use the following keystrokes: 3 To enter the results of a calculation as a data item, perform the calculation as you would normally, then press when the answer is displayed. You can amend the data entered into the calculator: To cancel the last entry you made, press before you press. Note that when you press , 0 is displayed. Press In to display the number of data elements stored in the calculator. To delete a data item you entered previously, enter the value again, then press I.
Using statistical functions on your data
Once you enter a list of data values you can use the following statistical functions: In I I I I I The number of data elements entered Sample standard deviation Population standard deviation Arithmetic mean The sum of each data element The sum of the data elements squared
Find the sample standard deviation of the data 5, and 6. M59136I 4, 1, 82, 59, 2, and 103 were entered, but 59 was entered by mistake. It should have been 58. To fix the mistake, enter the wrong number, 59, and I, then enter the right number, 58, and.

3.593976442

Using statistics

8. Specifications

Scientific functions/input range
sinx / cosx / tanx sin-1x / cos-1x tan-1x sinhx / coshx tanhx sinh-1x cosh-1x tanh-1x logx / Inx ex 10x yx |x|<4.5x1010 degrees (<25x107rad,<5x1010grad |x|1 |x|<10100 |x|230.2585092 |x|<10100 |x|<5x1099 |x|x<5x1099 |x|<1 10-99x<10100 -10100<x230.2585092 -10100<x<100 y>010100<xlogy<100 y=0x>0 y<0x : integer or 1/2n +1 (n : integer) y>0x0 : -10100< 1/xlogy<230.2582092 y=0x>0 y<0x : odd number or 1/n (n : integer) 0x<10100 |x|<1050 |x|<10100 |x|<10100(xo) 0x<69 (x: integer) x2 + y2<10100 ||<4.5x1010 degrees (<25x107rad, <5x1010grad) 0r10100 |x|10100 |x|digits Positive: 0x1111111111 Negative: 1000000000x1111111111 Positive: 0x3777777777 Negative: 4000000000x7777777777 Positive: 0x9999999999 Negative: -9999999999x<0 Positive: 0x2540BE3FF Negative: FDABF41C01xFFFFFFFFFF

x x2 3x 1/x n! RECPOL POLREC
DMSDEG DEGDMS Binary Octal Decimal Hexadecimal

Specifications

Read-out Liquid crystal display suppressing unnecessary 0s (zeros).
Power source Silicon solar cell (solar model only) Alkaline manganese battery (LR43)1 battery for the solar model; 2 batteries for the non-solar model.
Ambient Temperature range 0C40C (32F104F).
Dimensions 127mmH x 72mmW x 8.5mmD (not including the wallet).
Net weight 91g (including wallet).

9. Changing the battery

Replace the battery when: Replace the battery (alkaline manganese battery (LR43)1 in the solar model and 2 in the non-solar model) when the display darkens under poor light condition, or disappears, and cannot be restored by pressing. To replace the battery: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Remove the four screws at the back of the calculator. Dont loose the screws. Remove the back panel. Remove the old battery. Lever it out with a sharp object like a pen. Install the new battery with the + sign at the uppermost. Replace the back panel and the screws. Check the display to make sure it is showing 0 in DEG mode.

Changing the battery