Scalable Sharing of Wide Area Storage Resources
Micah Beck, Terry Moore, James Plank {mbeck,tmoore,plank}@cs.utk.edu Department of Computer Science University of Tennessee 1122 Volunteer Blvd. Knoxville, TN 37996-3450
Corresponding Author: Micah Beck, (865) 974-3548 1. Introduction
Over the past two years a combination of circumstances has fueled intense efforts to rethink the integration of IP networking and mass storage. Chief among these facts are the universal acceptance of Internet technologies for network infrastructure, the relentless acceleration of the Ethernet substrate, and the ongoing, exponential rise in the amount of data that must be moved and managed. Taken together they present the network storage community with a compelling opportunity to address its traditional goals while scaling up the size and geographical reach of its systems and scaling down their complexity and total cost of ownership. But although a new synthesis of Internet and storage technologies seems inevitable under these conditions, what is less evident is that this potential new synthesis may take one or both of two distinctly different forms. One likely form is rooted in the historic goals and technologies of the Storage Networking community. Without changing the traditional model of network storage, which attempts to create a distributed pool of storage resources while preserving the strong guarantees of processor-attached storage, various new approaches (e.g. iSCSI, iFCP, FCIP, and SoIP) are weaving IP technology into the interconnection fabric that knits together the storage devices composing the pool. Although this approach may significantly reduce cost of ownership and increase interoperability, it does not change the classic model of storage. Therefore there is reason to doubt that it can provide improved support to applications, such as multimedia distribution and telecollaboration, that need to share resources that also scale to large communities in the wide area, across corporate, administrative, and network boundaries. The traditional model of storage was not designed for the kind of open, unbrokered access that IP networking pioneered, and translating the strong semantics that are possible in local services to the wide area has always been problematic [10]. Standard storage services prove to be no exception. A second paradigm for synthesizing Internet and storage technologies starts from the premiss that future wide area applications will require a different fundamental model of storage. It comes from an emerging research field called Logistical Networking [2], which explores the possibility of putting storage into the network in order to support advanced multimedia and high performance distributed computing applications of all types. As the name suggests, Logistical Networking adopts a point of view that treats data transmission and storage as part of a unified framework, just as military or industrial logistics view transportation lines and storage depots as coordinate elements of a single infrastructure. To explore this perspective, we have created a primitive abstraction of network storage, the Internet Backplane Protocol (IBP)[7], as the lowest network layer in a new storage stack. Modeled on IP datagram service, IBP implements a model of storage with semantics that are as weak as possible. The goal is to maximize flexible shareability of storage resources in a way that can scale to the wide-area. Thus we have two approaches to synthesizing IP and storage technologies, one that changes the underlying model of storage and another that doesnt. Whatever the novelty value of the unorthodox
This work is supported by the National Science Foundation Next Generation Software Program under grant # EIA-9975015, the Department of Energy Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Program under grant # DE-FC02-01ER25465, and by the National Science Foundation Internet Technologies Program under grant # ANI-9980203.

paradigm might be, it currently exists only as research papers, open source software, and a testbed deployment. Given the fact that the Storage Networking approach to IP/Storage integration seems to be rapidly becoming a technological and industry juggernaut, it might, therefore, seem doubtful that the Logistical Networking approach could have any effect on the course that such integration will take. On the other hand, the very drive to augment or replace Storage Networkings interconnection fabric with IPbased technology illustrates a pattern that the rise of the Internet has repeatedly exhibited: approaches that can scale to the wide-area tend to change, and ultimately supplant, those that cannot. In this paper we describe the Logistical Networking model of network storage, which we believe will, if successful, affect the synthesis of IP and Storage Networking in a similar way.
IBP: The network layer of the storage stack
In the context of Storage Networking, IP/Storage integration means putting IP networking into the interconnection fabric (i.e. into the data transmission substrate) that underlies the storage pool. For Logistical Networking, on the other hand, IP/Storage integration means putting storage into the network infrastructure itself, creating a shared resource fabric that exposes storage resources for general use in the same way that the Internet now exposes transmission bandwidth for shared use. To create a resource fabric of this kind that can also scale, we set out to define a new storage stack using a bottom-up and layered design approach that adheres to the same end-to-end principles that have guided Internet engineering for two decades [9]. According to this philosophy, the key to achieving flexibility and scalability lies in defining the right basic abstraction of the physical resource to be shared at the lowest levels of the stack. For Logistical Networking the Internet Backplane Protocol (IBP) plays this role. IBP is the lowest layer of the storage stack that is globally accessible from the network (figure 1). To provide an ideal resource fabric for Logistical Networking, it must supply an abstraction of access layer resources (i.e. storage services at the local level) that has network transparency[8]. This means it must satisfy the following two requirements: Expose underlying storage resources in order to maximize freedom at higher levels The abstraction should create a mechanism that implements only the most indispensable and common functions necessary to make the storage usable per se, leaving it otherwise as primitive as it can be; all stronger functions must be built on top of this primitive layer. The goal of providing essential functionality while keeping the semantics of this layer as weak as possible is to expose the underlying resources to the broadest range of purposes at higher layers, and thereby foster ubiquitous deployment and free developers to innovate. Enable scalable Internet-style resource sharing The for Logistical Networking. abstraction must mask enough of the peculiarities of the access layer resource (e.g. fixed block size, differing failure modes, and local addressing schemes) to enable lightweight allocations of those resources to be made by any participant in the network for their limited use and regardless of who owns them. To implement this strategy we followed the IP paradigm and modeled the design of IBP on the design of IP datagram delivery. IP datagram service is based on packet delivery at the link level, but with more powerful and abstract features that allow it to scale globally. Its leading feature is the independence of IP datagrams from the attributes of the particular link layer, which is established as follows: Aggregation of link layer packets masks its limits on packet size;

Figure 1: The network storage stack
Fault detection with a single, simple failure model (faulty datagrams are dropped) masks the variety of different failure modes; Global addressing masks the difference between local area network addressing schemes and masks the local network's reconfiguration. This higher level of abstraction allows a uniform IP model to be applied to network resources globally, which is crucial to creating the most important difference between link layer packet delivery and IP datagram service: any participant in a routed IP network can make use of any link layer connection in the network regardless of who owns it. Routers aggregate individual link layer connections to create a global communication service. This IP-based aggregation of locally provisioned, link layer resources for the common purpose of universal connectivity constitutes the form of sharing that has made the Internet the foundation for a global information infrastructure. IBP is designed to enable the scalable, relatively unbrokered sharing of storage resources within a community in much the same manner. Just as IP is a more abstract service based on link-layer datagram delivery, IBP is a more abstract service based on blocks of data (on disk, tape or other media) that are managed as "byte arrays." The independence of IBP byte arrays from the attributes of the particular access layer (which is our term for storage service at the local level) is established as follows: Aggregation of access layer blocks masks the fixed block size; Fault detection with a very simple failure model (faulty byte arrays are discarded) masks the variety of different failure modes; Global addressing based on global IP addresses masks the difference between access layer addressing schemes. This higher level of the byte array abstraction allows a uniform IBP model to be applied to storage resources globally, which is essential to creating the most important difference between access layer block storage and IBP byte array service: Any participant in an IBP network can make use of any access layer storage resource in the network regardless of who owns it. The use of IP networking to access IBP storage resources creates a global storage service. Whatever the strengths of this application of the IP paradigm, however, it leads directly to two problems. First, in the case of storage, the chronic vulnerability of IP networks to Denial of Use (DoU) attacks is greatly amplified. The free sharing of communication within a routed IP network leaves every local network open to being overwhelmed by traffic from the wide area network, and consequently open to the unfortunate possibility of DoU from the network. While DoU attacks in the Internet can be detected and corrected, they cannot be effectively avoided. Yet this problem is not debilitating for two reasons: on the one hand, each datagram sent over a link uses only a tiny portion of the capacity of that link, so that DoU attacks require constant sending from multiple sources; on the other hand, monopolizing remote communication resources cannot profit the attacker in any way, it can only harm the victim. Unfortunately neither of these factors hold true for access layer storage resources. Once a data block is written to a storage medium, it occupies that portion of the medium until it is deallocated, so no constant sending is required. Moreover it is clear that monopolizing remote storage resources can be very profitable for an attacker and his applications. The second problem with sharing storage network-style is that the classic definition of a storage service is based on processor-attached storage, so it includes strong semantics (near-perfect reliability and availability) that are difficult to implement in the wide area network. Even with Storage Networking technologies, which are used in "storage area" or local area networks, these strong semantics can be difficult to implement and are a common cause of error conditions. When extended to the wide area, it has so far proved impossible to support such strong guarantees for storage access, but then problems with strong service semantics in the wide area are not unique to storage systems [10]. Whether or not integrated IP and Storage Networking technologies can make progress on this front remains to be seen. Logistical Networking takes a different approach.

We address both of these issues through special characteristics of the way IBP allocates storage: Allocations of storage in IBP can be time limited. When the lease on an allocation expires, the storage resource can be reused and all data structures associated with it can be deleted. An IBP allocation can be refused by a storage resource in response to over-allocation, much as routers can drop packets, and such "admission decisions" can be based on both size and duration. Forcing time limits puts transience into storage allocation, giving it some of the fluidity of datagram delivery. The semantics of IBP storage allocation are weaker than the typical storage service. Chosen to model storage accessed over the network, it is assumed that an IBP storage resource can be transiently unavailable. Since the user of remote storage resources is depending on so many uncontrolled remote variables, it may be necessary to assume that storage can be permanently lost. Thus, IBP is a "best effort" storage service. To encourage the sharing of idle resources, IBP even supports "volatile" storage allocation semantics, where allocated storage can be revoked at any time. In all cases such weak semantics mean that the level of service must be characterized statistically. IBP storage resources are managed by depots, or servers, on which clients perform remote storage operations. As shown in the Table 1 below, the IBP client calls fall into three different groups: Storage Management

IBP_allocate, IBP_manage

Data Transfer
IBP_store, IBP_load IBP_copy, IBP_mcopy Table 1: IBP API calls

Depot Management

IBP_status
The IBP_allocate function is the most important element. IBP_allocate is used to allocate a byte array at an IBP depot, specifying the size, duration (permanent or time limited) and other attributes. A chief design feature is the use of capabilities (cryptographically secure passwords). A successful IBP_allocate returns a set of three capabilities: one for reading, one for writing, and one for management of the allocated byte array. A more detailed account of the API and its other functions is available [7] online at (http://loci.cs.utk.edu/ibp/documents/). A description of the status of the current software the implements the IBP client, servers, and protocol is available at (http://loci.cs.utk.edu/ibp/software).

The exNode: A data structure for the flexible aggregation of network storage
From the point of view of the Storage Networking community, it is likely that one of the most striking (not to say shocking) features of the Logistical Networking storage stack is the way it appears to simply jettison the well known methods of usage for local area storage, viz. files systems, databases, and VM mapping. These familiar abstractions can be supported in the logistical paradigm, but that support must conform to its exposed-resource design principles. According to these principles implementing abstractions with strong properties reliability, fast access, unbounded allocation, unbounded duration, etc. involves creating a construct at a higher layer that aggregates more primitive IBP byte-arrays below it, where these byte arrays are often distributed at multiple locations. For example, caching requires that data be held in a home site, but temporary copies are made at various remote sites. Similarly, replication requires that multiple copies of data exist in various locations for purposes of performance and fault-tolerance. More advanced logistical applications require that data be explicitly routed through the network, and thus may have many homes throughout their lifetime.
To apply the principle of aggregation to exposed storage services, however, it is necessary to maintain state that represents such an aggregation of storage allocations, just as sequence numbers and timers are maintained to keep track of the state of a TCP session. Fortunately there is a traditional, well-understood model to follow in representing the state of aggregate storage allocations. In the Unix file system, the data structure used to implement aggregation of underlying disk blocks is the inode (intermediate node). Under Unix, a file is implemented as a tree of disk blocks with data blocks at the leaves. The intermediate nodes of this tree are the inodes, which are themselves stored on disk. The Unix inode implements only the aggregation of disk blocks within a single disk volume to create large files; other strong properties are sometimes implemented through aggregation at a lower level [3] or through modifications to the file system or additional software layers that make redundant allocations and maintain additional state [5, 11]. Following the example of the inode, we have chosen to implement Figure 2: The exNode compared to a Unix inode. a single generalized data structure, which we call an external node, or exNode, in order to manage aggregate allocations that can be used in implementing network storage with many different strong semantic properties [1]. Rather than aggregating blocks on a single disk volume, the exNode aggregates byte arrays in IBP depots to form something like a file, with the byte arrays acting as disk blocks. We say something like a file because when an exNode uses IBP storage allocations, the time-limited or volatile nature of those allocations gives it a transient quality that files normally should not have. Two major differences between exNodes and inodes are that the IBP buffers may be of any size, and the extents may overlap and be replicated. But the key point about the design of the exNode is that it has allowed us to create storage abstractions with stronger properties, such as a network file, which can be layered over IBP-based storage in a way that is completely consistent with the exposed resource approach. Since we intend to use the exNode to implement abstractions that can support a number of different applications, we have chosen to express the exNode concretely as an encoding of storage resources (e.g. IBP capabilities) and associated metadata in XML. Like IBP capabilities, these serializations may be passed from client to client, allowing a great degree of flexibility and sharing of network storage. If the exNode is placed in a directory, the file it implements can be imbedded in a namespace. But if the exNode is sent as a mail attachment, there need not be a canonical location for it. The use of the exNode by varying applications will provide interoperability similar to being attached to the same network file system. The exNode metadata must be capable of expressing at least the following relationships between the file it implements and the storage resources that constitute the data component of the file's state: The portion of the file extent implemented by a particular resource (starting offset and ending offset in bytes) The service attributes of each constituent storage resource (e.g. reliability and performance metrics, duration) The total set of storage resources which implement the file and the aggregating function (e.g. simple union, parity storage scheme) One key role for the exNode, then, is to provide interoperability between heterogeneous nodes. For that reason we have chosen not to specify it as a language-specific data structure, but as an abstract data type with an XML serialization. The exNode data structure is the basis for interoperability within the Logistical Networking API, and the XML serialization is the basis of interoperability between storage nodes in the resource fabric.

More broadly, we are using the exNode as the basis for a set of generic tools for implementing files and other storage abstractions with a wide range of characteristics. The important elements to be developed in this regard are libraries that provide mechanisms for manipulating the exNode data structure in order to implement generic requirements such as large size (through fragmentation), fast access (through caching), and reliability (through replication). Applications requiring these characteristics should be able to obtain them from the aggregate even without having individual IBP depots that implement those specific characteristics available. Simply using the APIs should be sufficient to aggregate resources that are available for use somewhere on the network. We have developed a prototype of a simple but useful set of tools that make it easy to employ and aggregate network storage in the form of IBP depots in robust and powerful ways. Again, these tools build on the lower levels of the network storage stack: IBP is the basic storage substrate, serving timelimited storage buffers to its clients. The Logistical Backbone (L-Bone), which is a testbed for Logistical Networking we describe below, is employed to find IBP depots matching various properties (size, duration, network proximity), and to do live proximity detection measurements using the Network Weather Service [12]. The tools are as follows: xnd_upload: This tool uploads a local file into the network and returns an exNode for the upload. This upload may be parameterized in a variety of ways. For example, the user may partition the file into multiple blocks (i.e. stripe the file) and these blocks may be replicated on multiple IBP servers for fault-tolerance and/or proximity reasons. Moreover, the user may specify proximity metrics for the upload, so the blocks have a certain network location. xnd_download: This takes an exNode as input, and downloads the file that it represents into a local file. This involves coalescing the replicated fragments of the file, and must deal with the fact that some fragments may be closer to the client than others, and some may not be available (due to time limits, volatility, and standard network failures). xnd_download may only download portions of the file, and if desired, it can operate in a streaming fashion, so that the client only has to consume small, discrete portions at a time. xnd_refresh: This takes an exNode as input, and updates time limits of the IBP buffers that compose the file. An extention to xnd_refresh will be a persistent.service called the xnd_warmer, which will periodically call xnd_refresh (and perhaps xnd_augment and xnd_trim), so that a file composed of time-limited IBP buffers can stay alive indefinitely. xnd_augment: This takes an exNode as input, adds more replicas to it (or to parts of it), and returns an updated exNode. Like xnd_upload, these replicas may have a specified network proximity. xnd_trim: This takes an exNode, deletes specified fragments, and returns a new exNode. These fragments may be specified individually, or they may be specified to be those that represent expired IBP allocations. xnd_augment and xnd_trim may be combined to effect a routing of a file from one network location to another first it is augmented so that it has replicas near the desired location, then it is trimmed so that the old replicas are deleted. Note, the exNode tools are much more powerful than IBP capabilities, since they allow users to aggregate network storage for various reasons: They can create files of extremely large capacity from smaller IBP allocations; it is not hard to visualize files that are tens of gigabytes in size, split up and scattered around the network. They can stripe the files, breaking files into small pieces that can be downloaded simultaneously from multiple IBP depots, providing better performance than downloading from a single source. These tools can enable replication for caching, storing files in multiple locations so that the performance of downloading may be improved by downloading the closest copy.

They can used to implement replication for fault-tolerance, storing files in multiple locations so that the act of downloading may succeed even if many of the copies are unavailable; by breaking the file up into blocks and storing error correcting blocks calculated from the original blocks (based on parity as in RAID systems [3]or on Reed-Solomon coding [6], downloads can be robust to even more complex failure scenarios. Finally, as presented in the explanation of xnd_trim above, they make routing possible, moving the file to one node or another for the purposes of scheduling, improved resource conditions, etc. Thus this small set of exNode tools provides the basis for a runtime framework that will enable applications to gain the benefits of a well-provisioned storage resource fabric.
Prototype applications on the Logistical Backbone
The highest level of our network stack (Figure 1), and in some respects the most important level, contains the applications that benefit from the kind of shareable, wide area storage services Logistical Networking can provide. Network multimedia applications offer good examples of such applications, and below we describe an application we are experimenting with on our Logistical Networking testbed, which we call the Logistical Backbone (L-Bone). The L-Bone is a deployment of IBP depots in the wide area network and provides a distributed runtime service that allows clients to perform IBP depot discovery. IBP depots register themselves with the LBone, and clients may then query the L-Bone for depots that have various characteristics, including minimum storage capacity and duration requirements, and basic proximity requirements. For example, clients may request an ordered list of depots that are close to a specified city, airport, US zipcode, or network host. The majority of IBP depots registered with the L-Bone are at Tennessee, but there are also depots in Texas, North Carolina, California, and other locations. Once the client has a list of IBP depots, it may then request that the L-Bone use the NWS to order those depots according to bandwidth predictions using live networking data. Thus, while IBP gives clients access to remote storage resources, it has no features to aid the client in figuring out which storage resource to employ. The L-Bone's job is to provide clients with those features. For the L-Bone API, and its up-to-date composition, see \url{http:///www.cs.utk.edu/lbone}. 4.1 IBP-ster: Multimedia delivery on the wide area
The rise of the Web and the development of compression techniques such as MPEG-1 [4] have transformed the Internet into a wide-area multimedia delivery substrate. Despite the advances of streaming technology and peer-to-peer content distribution systems, the storage of multimedia data has been downright archaic. Music files encoded with MP3 compression consume roughly 1MB per minute, while Video CD files stored with MPEG-1 compression consume roughly 10 MB per minute. As such, multimedia files are extremely large. However, they are typically stored as single files in the file system of one computer. When delivered across the network, these files are either moved in their entirety via FTP or HTTP, or streamed in smaller chunks. Caching of these large files is disabled by the well-known web caching entities (e.g.Akamai) because they are too large. Although peer-to-peer replication entities (e.g. Napster and Gnutella) effect a kind of caching, finding and downloading the closest copy is a black art. Inktomi markets a product (``Traffic Core'') that caches streaming media, which is more efficient than caching whole files, but it is still limited, and must be custom-tailored to the stream-provider's application.

Figure 4: IBPster in use: (a) the user uploads an MP3 file, specifying three blocks, each replicated three times. (b) the user plays the MP3 file using an MP3 player at a different location. This MP3 player reads the exNode, and plays the MP3 in a streaming fashion, downloading blocks from the closest IBP depots.
IBPster is a project we developed to demonstrate the capabilities of Logistical Networking. The goal of IBPster is to employ network storage to perform better and more flexible multimedia delivery. IBPster has been built on primitive versions of the exNode tools, and is an excellent proof of concept for the power of these tools. With IBPster, a user may upload a multimedia file into IBP buffers on the L-Bone. This is done with a xnd_upload, which returns an exNode. The upload may be done so that the file is split up into blocks and replicated, and stored on IBP servers that are close to a certain network neighborhood. As an example, in Figure 4(a), an MP3 file is uploaded into IBP buffers, splitting the file into three blocks, and replicating each block three times. Since exNode files are XML serializations, they may be transported easily by mail, FTP, HTTP, and so on. This means that whenever and wherever the user wants to listen to his MP3 file, he may call xnd_download to download the file, bringing in the pieces in order from whichever IBP servers are closest. Moreover, if the user has access to an IBPster MP3 player, then the player can play the exNode file by performing a streaming download, as depicted in Figure 4(b). As before, this process downloads the closest blocks of the file, using the L-Bone's tools for proximity detection, based on the Network Weather Service. Obviously, the IBPster prototype can expand in many dimensions. For example, the technique does not have to be limited to MP3 files any kind of file may be uploaded and downloaded. Moreover, once a file has been uploaded, it may be manipulated in IBP space in many ways: the allocation durations may be extended; it may be further fragmented and replicated; it may be routed so that it will be close to certain network locations, etc. We anticipate that the IBPster project will not only help us develop the exNode runtime suite of tools and services, but it will also help us develop the logistical scheduling policies that may be useful to a variety of applications, and the interfaces that allow users to specify those policies. When the user wants to download an MP3 file, he has very specific performance needs his player should only start playing the file when it is assured that the download will proceed at a pace fast enough to keep the file playing. Obviously, the scheduler can take this into account when devising a downloading schedule, and when performing the upload, so long as the scheduler has some notion of where the download will come from.

Conclusion

In this paper we have presented Logistical Networking, a new paradigm for the sharing of storage in network communities, even in the wide area. We have contrasted Logistical Networking to Storage Networking, the approach that currently dominates the storage industry. The difference in the two paradigms can be seen as a convergence towards a middle point from two extremes: Storage Networking views the network as a generalization of the bus and I/O channel interfaces that traditionally tie hosts to servers. Logistical Networking views storage as an additional resource that can be served to the network community in an unbrokered manner. The technical strength of Storage Networking lies in the control afforded to the client of the attendant storage services due to the strong semantics of those services. The limitation of Storage Networking is in its lack of scalability to large communities and across administrative domains. But in the end storage technologies are validated in the marketplace and the state of future markets is a matter of conjecture. The strengths of Storage Networking address the legacy markets of owned, private storage repositories, which are the focus of intensive market attention, much as voice communication and mainframe computing once were. Logistical Networking, by contrast, is adapted to a future network environment that does not yet exist, and so is not the focus of market attention, much as data communication and personal computing once were not. In those historical cases, the companies that dominated the legacy markets (AT&T in the case of telephony, IBM in the case of computing) completely missed the ability of the disruptive technology to create new markets and ultimately make the old ones obsolete or unprofitable. An example from the history of networking shows the dominance of wide area over local area considerations in setting standards. Networking was once dominated by file and print services implemented using the IPX protocol developed by Novell. The wide area network developed around the IP protocol that was built on the principles of end-to-end networking appropriate to a globally scalable network. Proponents of IPX complained, rightly, of performance and security issues with IP that made it less appropriate for local area networking, and Novell held out for their ultimate vindication when IP was found to be inadequate. As it happened, the value of IP as an internetworking protocol has overshadowed its shortcomings as a local area protocol for file services, and its ubiquity has created economies of scale in IP-based hardware and software systems that ultimately forced IPX out of the market. Such examples suggest that if Logistical Networking actually succeeds as a technology for sharing of wide area storage, it will have a significant impact on the standards adopted for IP/Storage integration in local and system area Storage Networking. Under such circumstances, engineering arguments about the close match between Storage Networking and todays market for network-embedded storage are likely have little impact on the emerging market for storage as a shared resource in scalable networks. We believe that the companies that are paying attention to the unique characteristics of the wide area network will hold the key to those emerging markets, while those that insist that the future will resemble the past, only bigger and faster, will ultimately be selling commodity parts at ever-cheaper prices into the mature enterprise storage market.

References

1. 2. A. Bassi, M. Beck, and T. Moore, "Mobile Management of Network Files," presented at Third Annual International Workshop on Active Middleware Services, San Franscisco, August 6, 2001. M. Beck, T. Moore, J. Plank, and M. Swany, "Logistical Networking: Sharing More Than the Wires," in Active Middleware Services, vol. 583, The Kluwer International Series in Engineering
and Computer Science, S. Hariri, C. Lee, and C. Raghavendra, Eds. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000. 3. 4. P. M. Chen, E. K. Lee, G. A. Gibson, R. H. Katz, and D. A. Patterson, "RAID: Highperformance, reliable secondary storage," ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 26, pp. 145-1851994. L. Chiariglione, "MPEG-1: Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5 Mbit/s," International Organisation for Standardisation, Technical Report, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11, 1996. http://mpeg.telecomitalialab.com/standards/mpeg1/mpeg-1.htm. J. H. Morris, M. Satyanarayan, M. H. Conner, J. H. Howard, D. S. H. Rosenthal, and F. D. Smith, "Andrew: A Distributed Personal Computing Environment," Communications of the ACM, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 184-201, March, 1986. J. S. Plank, "A Tutorial on Reed-Solomon Coding for Fault-Tolerance in RAID-like Systems," Software -- Practice and Experience, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 995-1012, September, 1997. J. S. Plank, A. Bassi, M. Beck, T. Moore, M. Swany, and R. Wolski, "Managing Data Storage in the Network," IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 50-58, September/October, 2001. D. P. Reed, J. H. Saltzer, and D. D. Clark, "Comment on Active Networking and End-to-End Arguments," IEEE Network, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 69-71, May/June, 1998. J. H. Saltzer, D. P. Reed, and D. D. Clark, "End-to-End Arguments in System Design," ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 277-288, November, 1984. J. Waldo, G. Wyant, A. Wollrath, and S. Kendall, "A note on distributed computing," Sun Microsystems, Technical Report SMLI, TR-94-29, November, 1994. R. W. Watson and R. A. Coyne, "The Parallel I/O Architecture of the High-Performance Storage System (HPSS)," presented at IEEE Mass Storage Systems Symposium, 1995. R. Wolski, N. Spring, and J. Hayes, "The Network Weather Service: A Distributed Resource Performance Forecasting Service for Metacomputing," Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 15, pp. 757-7681999.

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Table of Contents

A Message from President Barack Obama... 2 Introduction.... 3 Shows..... 4
2011 International CES (Consumer Electronics Show)...4 AG CONNECT Expo 2011....5 NAHB International Builders Show 2011...6 World of Concrete 2011....7 International Poultry Expo/International Feed Expo 2011 (IPE/IFE)..8 American International Toy Fair 2011....9 Graphics of the Americas 2011 (GOA)... 10 International Home + Housewares Show 2011.. 11 Nightclub & Bar Convention and Tradeshow 2011... 12 ProMat 2011..... 13 International CTIA Wireless 2011 (The Wireless Association).. 14 CONEXPO-CON/AGG and IFPE 2011.... 15 High Point Spring Market 2011.... 16 International Franchise Expo 2011 (IFE).... 17 The 2011 NAB Show (National Association of Broadcasters).. 18 Offshore Technology Conference 2011 (OTC)... 19 WasteExpo 2011..... 20 ELECTRIC POWER 2011.... 21 National Hardware Show/Lawn, Garden & Outdoor Living.. 22 The NRA Show 2011 (National Restaurant Association Restaurant, Hotel-Motel Show)..... 23 International Pow Wow (USTA).... 24 WINDPOWER 2011 Conference & Exhibition.... 25 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Conference & Expo. 26 American Water Works Association (AWWA) ACE11.. 27 InfoComm 2011..... 28 AACC Annual Meeting and Clinical Lab Expo 2011 (American Association for Clinical Chemistry)..... 29 AUVSIs Unmanned Systems North America 2011... 30 GRAPH EXPO 2011..... 31 HBA Global Expo (Health and Beauty Association)... 32 RETECH 2011 (Renewable Energy Technology Conference & Exhibition). 33 Natural Products Expo East..... 34 PACK EXPO Las Vegas 2011..... 35 High Point Fall Market 2011.... NFDA International Conference & Expo (National Funeral Directors Association)..... 37 IFAI Expo Americas (Industrial Fabrics Association International).. 38 LAGCOE (Louisiana Gulf Coast Oil Exposition)... 39 American Film Market.... Greater New York Dental Meeting.... 41 POWER-GEN International.... 42

Key Contacts....44

Domestic..... 44 International..... 49
Index by Major Industry Classification...54

20102011 Show Directory

A Message from

President Barack Obama

Greetings to U.S. exhibitors and attendees from around the world participating in these prominent trade exhibitions. Selected by the U.S. Department of Commerce as part of the U.S. Commercial Services International Buyer Program, these prominent trade exhibitions are an excellent venue for developing new business. U.S. Commercial Service staff are here working diligently to connect U.S. companies with international buyersproviding leads, trade counseling and market research. By opening new markets and promoting trade, we are creating new sales channels for U.S. products and services. The business relationships developed at these trade shows will help increase economic growth and create jobs throughout the United States. I salute each of you for your commitment to excellence. Cooperation within the international business community gives all of us confidence for a bright economic future. Best wishes for a successful event.

Introduction

The U.S. Commercial Services International Buyer Program (IBP) is a joint U.S. governmentindustry effort that brings thousands of international buyers to the United States for business-to-business matchmaking with U.S. firms exhibiting at major industry trade shows. Every year, we help facilitate nearly a billion dollars of new business between U.S. and international companies. Whether you are looking to import for the first time from the United States or find additional U.S. suppliers, the IBP will help you optimize your trade show experience and connect with lucrative opportunities. IBP Benefits As a member of an official U.S. Embassy IBP Delegation, you receive access to exclusive benefits, including: U.S. Embassy travel assistance including registration and visa procedures. Waived or reduced trade show admission fees. Complimentary access to networking events and receptions. Pre-arranged briefings and meetings customized according to buying interests. On-site and off-site technical tours. Complimentary use of business facilities including private meeting space, translation assistance, internet access, and lounge areas. A directory of all U.S. firms at the show with an interest in international exporting. Complimentary or reduced-rate educational sessions, demonstrations, and seminars. Extended show exhibition hours before or after scheduled dates. Travel and tourism options and discounts. How to Use the IBP Promotional Booklet The IBP shows are presented in date order. An index listing each show by industry is provided at the end of the booklet. Contacts for U.S. Commercial Service offices in the United States can be found on page 44. A listing of U.S. Commercial Service offices in U.S. Embassies and Consulates around the world can be found on page 49 or at buyusa.gov. The Tourism Web Site following each show is provided to assist you with any personal plans or interests you may have during your visit to the United States. Please contact your local U.S. Commercial Service with questions, or for further information about the IBP or about individual shows within the IBP program. To find an office near you, visit buyusa.gov. About the U.S. Commercial Service The U.S. Commercial Servicethe trade promotion arm of the U.S. Department of Commerces International Trade Administrationhelps international buyers find U.S. suppliers. Whether you are looking to import for the first time from the United States or find additional U.S. suppliers, we offer the expertise you need to connect with lucrative opportunities. Located across the United States and in U.S. Embassies and Consulates in nearly 80 countries, our global network of trade professionals will help you locate U.S. products, services, or business partners; meet suppliers and partners face-to-face; and participate in trade shows that feature thousands of U.S. companies

American International Toy Fair 2011
February 1316, 2011 New York, NY toyfairny.com American International Toy Fairlargest show of its kind in the Western Hemisphereis an annual event with a history of over 100 years. There are traditionally more than 20,000 attendees, 350,000 square feet of exhibit space, 100,000 youth entertainment products, more than 1,200 exhibitors, 1,000 global media representatives, and the latest updates in safety legislation. Among the largest show participants who export products are Hasbro and Mattel. In general, economic indicators show steady increases in U.S. toy exports including dolls, games, and childrens vehicles from 20022009. Engage! Expo 2011, the definitive technology event for youth entertainment professionals, will once again co-locate with Toy Fair and will take place February 1516, 2011 at the Javits Convention Center in New York City. This unique conference and trade show provides the critical information companies need to reach kids and youth through technology. Seminars: To be announced. Updates will be available at toyfairny.com. Exhibitors: 1,100 (2010) Industries: Toys/games, hobbies, arts & crafts, electronics, robotics, childrens/young teens products such as furniture, games, jewelry, cosmetics, apparel, and accessories. Target Buyers: Toys/games executives with purchasing power, mass merchandisers, toy & hobby stores, distribution channels, drug store chains, department stores, grocery stores, TV shopping networks, outdoor retailers, amusement parks, warehouse clubs, bookstores, and sales representatives. Benefits for IBP Attendees Registration is complimentary for IBP buyers. Registration deadline is January 29, 2011. Complimentary international networking receptions. Details are still to be determined; contact for more information. Airfare and hotel discounts. Contact: Philippa Olsen, Philippa Olsen@trade.gov, (202) 482-5449 Tourism Web Site: discoveramerica.com/uk/new-york/new-york-city-index.html
Graphics of the Americas (GOA) 2011
February 2426, 2011 Orlando, FL graphicsoftheamericas.com Graphics of the Americas (GOA) is one of the largest national and international graphic communications shows in the United States. The continued international presence at GOA reflects the addition of globally recognized exhibitors, continued introduction of new graphics technology, and the shows focus on presenting the premier sources of education, information, and solutions for traditional and digital printing. For 34 years, printers, creative professionals, and marketing executives have relied on GOA to inform and educate them about leading-edge advancements, new equipment, products, and consumables. Everything needed to maximize a companys efficiency and profitability has been set up on the GOA show floor. GOA is the first event to showcase the convergence of traditional and digital printing in the international marketplace and attendees will experience technologies not seen anywhere else. Seminars: GOA offers a large array of programs/seminars that range from brand protection conferences, to design sessions given by the American Graphic Institute. Many of the technical seminars are given in Spanish. Please check the show Web site for a complete list of technical sessions. Exhibitors: 300+ (2010) Industries: Digital printing, art/graphic design products, presses, consumable supplies, electronic publishing systems, pre-press equipment, bindery/finishing equipment, post-press, workflow software, packaging, and mailing. Target Buyers: Printers, designers, creative professionals, and entrepreneurs interested in acquiring printing or graphics equipment. Benefits for IBP Attendees Registration is complimentary for IBP buyers. Registration deadline is February 15, 2011. Airfare and hotel discounts. Contact: Carol Rudman, Carol.Rudman@trade.gov, (202) 482-0905 Tourism Web Site: discoveramerica.com/ca/florida/orlando-index.html

Target Buyers: U.S. and international broadcasters in public and private radio and television, film/motion pictures, corporate communications, production/post-production, industrial communications, government, new media, and telecommunications; other media professionals: social media, Fortune 500, retail, security, manufacturing, religious institutions, education, and sports; and systems integrators. Benefits for IBP Attendees Exhibition is complimentary for IBP buyers. NAB conference sessions are discounted $100 for IBP buyers. U.S. Commercial Service Seattle and the Washington State Department of Commerce are partnering on an IBP outreach initiative: a spin-off visit to the Seattle area to explore potential business opportunities. The trip will include site visits to prominent exporting businesses in the broadcasting/ telecommunications industry and meetings between the international delegates and local U.S. companies. Global networking and matchmaking reception. Hotel discounts. Contact: Shelby Peterson, Shelby.Peterson@trade.gov, (202) 482-5531 Tourism Web Site: discoveramerica.com/uk/nevada/las-vegas-index.html
Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) 2011
May 25, 2011 Houston, TX otcnet.org The Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) is the worlds foremost event for the development of offshore resources in the fields of drilling, exploration, production, and environmental protection. OTC ranks among the largest 200 trade shows held annually in the United States. Engineers, technicians, scientists, and managers from more than 80 nations representing a variety of fields attend OTC. Seminars: The OTC technical program offers a well-balanced, three-prong focus on technical, business, and regulatory issues in the oil and gas industry. It emphasizes a wide spectrum of energy sources and global reach. Please visit the Web site or contact for more information. Exhibitors: 2,500 (2010) Industries: Indoor and outdoor displays by major oil and gas companies and related subsidiary industries; equipment manufacturers and service providers of the latest technological advances in categories such as drilling, exploration, fabrication, instrumentation, and controls; environmental; marine; materials; oilfield chemicals; oil spill cleanup; pollution control; process; production; safety; seismic; specialized equipment; sub-sea exploration; survey; telecommunications; testing; tools; training; transportation; well completion; and workover and wireline. Target Buyers: Decisionmakers within governments, industries, and private sector companies involved in various aspects of the oil and gas industry such as project management, engineering, drilling, purchasing, exploration, and production in their specific country or region; private-sector and government officials working or interested in onshore and offshore safety and training, environmental cleanup and soil remediation, oil spill prevention and cleanup, offshore and remote telecommunications, specialized tools, equipment and instruments, new drilling and exploration technologies, and subsidiary support services. Benefits for IBP Attendees Registration is complimentary for IBP buyers. Registration deadline is still to be determined; contact for more information. U.S. Commercial Service Seattle and the Washington State Department of Commerce are partnering on an IBP outreach initiative: a spin-off visit to the Seattle area to explore potential business opportunities. The trip will include site visits to prominent exporting businesses in the oil and gas industry and meetings between the international delegates and local U.S. companies. Complimentary international networking receptions. Airfare and hotel discounts. Contact: Vidya Desai, Vidya.Desai@trade.gov, (202) 482-2311 Tourism Web Site: discoveramerica.com/uk/texas/houston-index.html

WINDPOWER 2011 Conference & Exhibition
May 2225, 2011 Anaheim, CA windpowerexpo.org Produced by the American Wind Energy Association, WINDPOWER 2011 is the worlds largest wind energy event and the premier wind energy event in North America. WINDPOWER 2010 hosted more than 20,000 attendees, nearly 1,400 exhibitors, and more than 2,500 international attendees from 60 countries. WINDPOWER 2011 will also showcase educational sessions, industry workshops, meetings, and site visits to wind farms and other wind-related industry tours. Seminars: WINDPOWER 2011 will offer more than 60 educational programs, workshops, and seminars focusing on the wind energy sector and business. Many of these sessions will focus directly on international opportunities and challenges that international companies and countries are facing. Please check the shows Web site under Education for further information. Exhibitors: 1,400 (2010) Industries: Balancing equipment, blades, braking equipment, cables, castings, controls, converters, electrical components, gearboxes, generators, housings and frames, on-site components and solutions, raw materials, small wind systems and components, towers, wind turbines, yaw and pitch systems; services: construction, engineering and procurement, consulting, development, erection, financial and investment, insurance, legal, logistical and transportation, operations and maintenance, and training. Target Buyers: The audience profile for WINDPOWER 2011 includes those involved in all segments of the wind energy business, including developers, services, manufacturers, dealers, distributors, and utilities, as well as local, state, and government officials from the United States and overseas. Benefits for IBP Attendees Registration is reduced for IBP buyers to $175 for a three-day exhibit floor pass. Registration deadline is March 22, 2011. Pre-show or after-show plant tours or site visits offered by WINDPOWER exhibitors for a fee. Details on this program are available from show contact. U.S. Commercial Service Seattle and the Washington State Department of Commerce are partnering on an IBP outreach initiative: a spin-off visit to the Seattle area to explore potential business opportunities. The trip will include site visits to prominent exporting businesses in the energy industry and meetings between the international delegates and local U.S. companies. Complimentary international networking reception. Airfare and hotel discounts. Contact: Mark Wells, Mark.Wells@trade.gov, (202) 482-0904 Tourism Web Site: discoveramerica.com/uk/california/anaheim-index.html

Target Buyers: Manufacturers, dealers, systems integrators and contractors; AV/IT technology managers in education, government, business, healthcare, hospitality, and worship; IT managers and CIOs, architects and specifying engineers, sales and marketing professionals, independent reps, programmers, dealers and distributors, independent design consultants, acoustical consultants, presentation and video production professionals, stage equipment rental and staging companies, and other related fields. Benefits for IBP Attendees Registration is complimentary for IBP buyers. Registration deadline is June 1, 2011. Manufacturer product-specific training sessions are available to IBP attendees for a nominal fee of $25 per session. InfoComms education sessions located off the show floor carry separate registration fees which vary for members and non-members from $129 per individual session for members to as much as $1,895 for a non-member full conference package registration. Check the InfoComm Web site, or email the show contact for the most updated information. InfoComm typically features fee-based technology tours of nearby facilities. Past Orlando area tours have included behind-the-scenes looks at the integration of audio-visual technology at SeaWorld Orlando, the Orange County Courthouse, and a local Cirque du Soleil production. All tours include transportation between the convention center and the tour venue. U.S. Commercial Service Seattle and the Washington State Department of Commerce are partnering on an IBP outreach initiative: a spin-off visit to the Seattle area to explore potential business opportunities. The trip will include site visits to prominent exporting businesses in the information and communications technology industry and meetings between the international delegates and local U.S. companies. Complimentary opening reception and international networking reception. Airfare and hotel discounts. Contact: Graylin Presbury, Graylin.Presbury@trade.gov, (202) 482-5158 Tourism Web Site: discoveramerica.com/uk/florida/orlando-index.html
AACC Annual Meeting and Clinical Lab Expo (American Association for Clinical Chemistry)
July 2428, 2011 Atlanta, GA aacc.org AACC is the largest exposition in the world dedicated to diagnostic products for diagnosing diseases and measuring health status. Although the focus is on laboratory testing, there is increasing emphasis on nearpatient testing, patient self-testing, and original equipment manufacturer (OEM) products, which are of interest to developers and manufacturers of diagnostic products. Seminars: The AACC Annual Meeting is holding more than 200 educational sessions and workshops available for a fee. Exhibitors: 700 (2010) Industries: Laboratory systems for clinical chemistry, hematology, microbiology, immunology, endocrinology, urinalysis, immunoassay, DNA testing, serology, lipids and cholesterol, animal clinical chemistry, enzymology, therapeutic drug monitoring, testing for drug abuse, cancer diagnosis and monitoring, and others; reagents to work with the above systems and as stand-alone test kits; laboratory disposables, such as phlebotomy supplies, sterile materials, and safety equipment; laboratory computer systems; products for near-patient testing and patient self-testing: glucose, coagulation, electrolytes, blood gases, cholesterol, etc; OEM products for product developers and manufacturers: mechanical, biological, chemical and electronic components, and sub-systems. Target Buyers: Hospital administrators, representatives of national ministries of health, laboratory directors, pathologists, clinical chemists, laboratory technologists, academics, and a large number of product developers, manufacturers, and distributors of products for medical labs and diagnostic research. Benefits for IBP Attendees Registration is complimentary for IBP buyers. Registration deadline is June 24, 2011. Visit aacc.org for seminar registration fees, or check with show contact. U.S. Commercial Service Seattle and the Washington State Department of Commerce are partnering on an IBP outreach initiative: a spin-off visit to the Seattle area to explore potential business opportunities. The trip will include site visits to prominent exporting businesses in the healthcare/medical industry and meetings between the international delegates and local U.S. companies. Complimentary international networking reception. Airfare and hotel discounts (hotel discounts arranged through show organizer). Contact: Blanche Ziv, Blanche.Ziv@trade.gov, (202) 482-4207 Tourism Web Site: discoveramerica.com/uk/georgia/atlanta-index.html

Natural Products Expo East
September 2124, 2011 Baltimore, MS expoeast.com The largest natural and organic products trade show on the East Coast of the United States, Natural Products Expo East features thousands of the newest and best-selling products and branded ingredients from up to 1,300 companies. The show draws a growing international clientele by delivering the best in organic at BioFach America-Organic Products Expo, while also offering an extensive training program for retailers and acting as a platform for advocacy through a strategic partnership with Natural Products Association East. Seminars: Natural Products Expo East provides opportunities to learn and explore new ideas, industry trends, and practical solutions to improve business practices and broaden industry knowledge. Sessions are included with the registration fee, unless otherwise noted in the seminar description. Check the Web site for a full list of the offerings. Exhibitors: 925+ (Estimated 2010) Industries: Processed foods, food processing/packaging equipment, general consumer goods, household consumer goods, health care services, pet foods/supplies. Target Buyers: Professionals and buyers in health, beauty, and natural living. Benefits for IBP Attendees Reduced registration fees for IBP buyers. Registration deadline is still to be determined. Networking receptions are to be determined. Airfare and hotel discounts. Contact: Shelby Peterson, Shelby.Peterson@trade.gov, (202) 482-5531 Tourism Web Site: discoveramerica.com/uk/maryland/baltimore-index.html

PACK EXPO Las Vegas 2011

September 2628, 2011 Las Vegas, NV packexpo.com PACK EXPO Las Vegas 2011 will focus on the latest developments in packaging technology and will showcase advances in packaging machinery, processing machinery, converting machinery, materials, packages and containers, and components. PACK EXPO Las Vegas 2011 will also feature the Brand Zone at PACK EXPO (formerly known as the Containers & Materials Pavilion), with more than 150 exhibitors across more than 50,000 net square feet of exhibition space. It will highlight inventive packaging to help packaging directors, open innovation executives, brand managers, and designers shape winning brands, improve sustainability scores, and improve their competitiveness. Seminars: The conference program will address specific market needs and issues that concern packaging, processing, and converting companies around the globe. Admission to the exhibition and conference sessions will be charged separately. Exhibitors: 1,740+ (Estimated 2010) Industries: Packaging and related converting machinery, materials, packages, containers, controls, software, components, sensing and inspection systems, robotics, and design systems. Target Buyers: Corporate managers, engineers, manufacturers, quality controllers, purchasers, production supervisors, and R&D; sales and marketing in the packaging industry for automotive, food, beverage, wine, meat, poultry, seafood, fruits, vegetables, bakery, snack, cosmetics, toiletries, dairy, medical, pharmaceutical, chemical, candy, confection, raw material, paper, textile, electronics, parts, computer hardware, computer software, entertainment, and soaps/detergents. Benefits for IBP Attendees Registration is complimentary for IBP buyers. Registration deadline is still to be determined. Complimentary international networking reception. Airfare and hotel discounts. Contact: Vidya Desai, Vidya.Desai@trade.gov, (202) 482-2311 Tourism Web Site: discoveramerica.com/uk/nevada/las-vegas-index.html

IFAI Expo Americas 2011 (Industrial Fabrics Association International)
October 2527, 2011 Baltimore, MD ifai.com IFAI Expo Americas is the largest event in the Americas for the technical textiles industry. The event encompasses all levels of the technical textile industry value chain, from fiber producers to fabric producers to textile equipment and finally to fabricators of products using these materials and equipment. Seminars: Education at the IFAI Expo covers timely subjects and emerging issues affecting todays specialty fabrics marketplace, and the programs help advance the knowledge and skills of the specialty fabrics community. Manufacturers, engineers, designers, architects, textile specialists, the research community, and business and marketing professionals will be able to select from many symposia, hands-on workshops, and special educational sessions. Exhibitors: 360+ (Estimated 2010) Industries: Adhesives, awnings and related products, chemicals and compounds, coatings, computer software/hardware, consulting/R&D, contract sewing/sealing, converting, cordage, equipment (cutting, material handling, rewinding, etc.), fabric (coated, laminated, woven, knit, narrow, composite), fabric structures, fibers/yarns, film, fabric care and maintenance, findings and hardware, finishing and dyeing, inkjet printing/dye sublimation/thermal printing, transfer jobbing/distributing, laminating, netting/ screening/mesh, nonwovens, pipe and tubing, rope/cord/straps, shutters/rollscreens and shades, structures, testing equipment/services, tools, weaving/knitting, Web sites, webbing and narrow fabric, and more. Target Buyers: Titles and functions of a typical visitor include president/CEO, purchasing, sales, marketing, production, technical/R&D, administrative personnel, and students/academics of specialty fabrics, material advancements, production techniques, and marketing strategies in the textile field. Benefits for IBP Attendees Registration is complimentary for IBP buyers. Registration deadline is to be determined. Complimentary welcome reception and international visitors reception. Airfare and hotel discounts. Contact: Amanda Ayvaz, Amanda.Ayvaz@trade.gov, (202) 482-0338 Tourism Web Site: discoveramerica.com/uk/maryland/baltimore-index.html

LAGCOE (Louisiana Gulf Coast Oil Exposition)
October 2527, 2011 Lafayette, LA lagcoe.com Held biennially, LAGCOE is the longest-established professional trade show in Louisiana, and the secondlargest oil and gas show in the United States. LAGCOE provides opportunities for exhibitors to showcase their products and services to the petroleum industry, and allows oil and gas industry-related engineers and operations personnel to preview the latest technology and equipment. Seminars: LAGCOE will offer educational seminars and technical presentations. Check the show Web site for the schedule. Exhibitors: 404 (2009) Industries: Equipment manufacturers and service providers of drilling, engineering, exploration, fabrication, instrumentation and controls, environmental, marine, materials, oilfield chemicals, oil spill cleanup, pollution control (air, earth, water), process, production, safety, seismic, specialized equipment, sub-sea exploration, survey, telecommunications, testing, tools, training, transportation, well completion, and workover and wireline. Target Buyers: Potential attendees to LAGCOE 2011 will be decisionmakers within governments, industries, and private-sector companies who are involved in various aspects of the oil and gas industry such as project management, engineering, drilling, purchasing, exploration, and production in their specific region or country; private business people and government officials working or interested in onshore and offshore safety and training, environmental cleanup and soil remediation, oil spill prevention and cleanup, offshore and remote telecommunications, specialized tools, equipment and instruments, new drilling and exploration technologies, and subsidiary support services. Benefits for IBP Attendees No registration fee for IBP buyers. Registration deadline is to be determined. Technical field trips may be offered. Please email the show contact for more information. Complimentary exhibitor and international attendee welcome reception. Airfare and hotel discounts. Contact: Mark Wells, Mark.Wells@trade.gov, (202) 482-0904 Tourism Web Site: discoveramerica.com/uk/louisiana/index.html

American Film Market

November 29, 2011 Santa Monica, CA americanfilmmarket.com The American Film Market (AFM), produced by the Independent Film & Television Alliance, is the largest motion picture export trade show in the world and is the only one in the Western Hemisphere. Unlike international shows, the AFM offers easy access to Hollywood, its studios, and its executives. Hundreds of completed films are licensed for distribution to distributors around the world and many more projects will find production financing through pre-sales, coproduction arrangements, and bank loans, all negotiated and sealed at the AFM. Seminars: The AFM partners with several industry associations that deliver seminars during the American Film Market. See the schedule on the AFM Web site. Exhibitors: 300 (Estimated 2010) Industries: Films for theatrical release, video, DVD, on demand, cable television, and new media. Target Buyers: There are two main targeted attendees: buyers and industry professionals. Accredited buyers attending to purchase content for distribution can be international broadcasters, video distributors, theater owners, cable outlets, satellite providers, and video on demand distributors. AFM is targeting international buyers who have not attended the AFM in the past two years. Industry professionals who attend primarily to network or to market their services include financiers, producers, lawyers, film commissioners, film labs, post-production companies, production studios, festival directors, and other companies or individuals involved in the film and entertainment industry. Benefits for IPB Attendees Registration fee is $495 (reduction from $795) for IBP qualified buyers. Registration deadline is October 15, 2011. Complimentary international networking reception. Airfare and hotel discounts available when booked through the show organizer by October 1, 2011. Contact: Blanche Ziv, Blanche.Ziv@trade.gov, (202) 482-4207 Tourism Web Site: discoveramerica.com/uk/california/los-angeles-index.html or santamonica.com

Indiana

IndianapolisMark Cooper, Director 11405 N. Pennsylvania Street, Suite 106 Carmel, IN 46032 (317) 582-2300, fax (317) 582-2301
Des MoinesAllen Patch, Director 210 Walnut Street, 749 Federal Building Des Moines, IA 50309 (515) 288-8614, fax (515) 288-1437

Kansas

WichitaA.J. Anderson, Director 150 North Main Street, Suite 200 Wichita, KS 67202 (316) 263-4067, fax (316) 263-8306

Kentucky

Georgia
AtlantaGeorge Tracy, Director; Thomas A. Strauss, HUB Director for Southern Network Centergy One Building, 75 Fifth Street NW, Suite 1055 Atlanta, GA 30308 (404) 897-6090, fax (404) 897-6085 SavannahTodd Gerken, Director 111 East Liberty Street, Suite 202 Savannah, GA 31401 (912) 652-4204, fax (912) 652-4675
LexingtonSara Melton Moreno, Director World Trade Center, 333 West Vine Street, Suite 1600 Lexington, KY 40507 (859) 225-7001, fax (859) 201-1139 LouisvillePeggy Pauley, Director 601 West Broadway, Room 634B Louisville, KY 40202 (502) 582-5066, fax (502) 582-6573

Louisiana

Hawaii and Pacific Islands
New OrleansDonald Van De Werken, Director 500 Poydras Street, Room 1033 New Orleans, LA 70130 (504) 589-6546, fax (504) 589-2337
HonoluluJohn Holman, Director 521 Ala Moana Blvd., Room 214 Honolulu, HI 96813 (808) 522-8040, fax (808) 522-8045
PortlandJeffrey Porter, Director 511 Congress Street Portland, ME 04101 (207) 541-7430, fax (207) 541-7420

Maryland

BaltimoreWilliam F. Burwell, Director 300 West Pratt Street, Suite 300 Baltimore, MD 21201 (410) 962-4539, fax (410) 962-4529

Nevada

Las VegasAndrew Edlefsen, Director 400 South Fourth Street, Suite 250 Las Vegas, NV 89101 (702) 388-6694, fax (702) 388-6469 RenoBill Cline, Director One East First Street, 16th Floor Reno, NV 89501 (775) 784-5203, fax (775) 784-5343

Massachusetts

BostonDorothy Zur Muhlen-Tomaszweska, Director; Jim Cox, HUB Director for Northeast Network JFK Federal Building, 55 New Sudbury Street, Suite 1826A Boston, MA 02203 (617) 565-4301, fax (617) 565-4313

New Hampshire

Michigan
DetroitSara Coulter Canty, Director 8109 East Jefferson Avenue, Suite 110 Detroit, MI 48214 (313) 226-3650, fax (313) 226-3657 Grand RapidsThomas Maguire, Director 401 West Fulton Street, Suite 349C Grand Rapids, MI 49504 (616) 458-3564, fax (616) 458-3872 PontiacRichard Corson, Director 250 Elizabeth Lake Road, Suite 1300 West Pontiac, MI 48341 (248) 975-9600, fax (248) 975-9606 YpsilantiVacant, Director 300 West Michigan Avenue, Suite 306G Ypsilanti, MI 48197 (734) 487-0259, fax (734) 485-2396
New HampshireJustin Oslowski, Director 121 Technology Drive, Suite 2 Durham, NH 03824 (603) 953-0212, fax (603) 953-0213

New Jersey

NewarkJoel Reynoso, Director 744 Broad Street, Suite 1505 Newark, NJ 07102 (973) 645-4682, fax (973) 645-4783 TrentonMichael Manning, Director 20 West State Street Trenton, NJ 08625-0820 (609) 989-2100, fax (609) 989-2395

New Mexico

Santa FeSandra Necessary, Director 1100 St. Francis Drive Santa Fe, NM 87504 (505) 231-0075, fax (505) 827-0211

Minnesota

MinneapolisRyan Kanne, Director 100 North Sixth Street, Suite 210-C Minneapolis, MN 55403 (612) 348-1638, fax (612) 348-1650

New York

BuffaloJames Mariano, Director 130 South Elmwood Avenue, Suite 530 Buffalo, NY 14202 (716) 551-4191, fax (716) 551-5290 HarlemK.L. Fredericks, Director 163 West 125th Street, Suite 901 New York, NY 10027 (212) 860-6200, fax (212) 860-6203 Long IslandShakir Farsakh, Director 33 Whitehall Street, 22nd Floor New York, NY 10004 (212) 809-2675 fax (212)-809-2687 New York CityCarmela Mammas, Director 33 Whitehall Street, 22nd Floor New York, NY 10004 (212) 809-2675 fax (212)-809-2687 RochesterTimothy McCall, Director 400 Andrews Street, Suite 710 Rochester, NY 14604 (585) 263-6480, fax (585) 325-6505 WestchesterJoan Kanlian, Director 707 Westchester Avenue, Suite 209 White Plains, NY 10604 (914) 682-6712, fax (914) 682-6698

Mississippi

MississippiCarol Moore, Director 175 East Capitol Street, Suite 255 Jackson, MS 39201 (601) 965-4130, fax (601) 965-4132

Missouri

St. LouisCory Simek, Director 8235 Forsyth Centre, Suite 520 St. Louis, MO 63105 (314) 425-3302, fax (314) 425-3381 Kansas CityRegina Heise, Director 2509 Commerce Tower, 911 Main Street Kansas City, MO 64105 (816) 421-1876, fax (816) 471-7839

Montana

MissoulaCarey Hester, Director University of Montana, Gallagher Building, Suite 257 Missoula, MT 59812 (406) 542-6656, fax (406) 542-6659

Nebraska

OmahaMeredith Bond, Director 13006 West Center Road Omaha NE 68144 (402) 597-0193, fax (402) 595-1194

Oklahoma
Oklahoma CityRonald L. Wilson, Director 301 Northwest 63rd Street, Suite 330 Oklahoma City, OK 73116 (405) 608-5302, fax (405) 608-4211 TulsaJim Williams, Director 700 North Greenwood Avenue, Suite 1400 Tulsa, OK 74106 (918) 581-7650, fax (918) 581-6263
Sioux FallsCinnamon King, Director Madsen Center, 2001 South Summit Avenue, Room 122 Sioux Falls, SD 57197 (605) 330-4264, fax (605) 330-4266

Tennessee

KnoxvilleRobert Leach, Director 17 Market Square, #201 Knoxville, TN 37902-1405 (865) 545-4637, fax (865) 545-4435 MemphisDavid Spann, Director 22 North Front Street, Suite 200 Memphis, TN 38103 (901) 544-0930, fax (901)543-3510 NashvilleDean Peterson, Director 312 Eighth Avenue North, 10th Floor Nashville, TN 37243 (615) 63-2223, fax (615) 736-2226 7

Oregon

PortlandScott Goddin, Director One World Trade Center, 121 SW Salmon Street, Suite 242 Portland, OR 97204 (503) 326-3001, fax (503) 326-6351
AustinKaren Parker, Director 221 East 11th Street, 4th Floor Austin, TX 78701 (512) 916-5939, fax (512) 916-5940 Fort WorthMark A. Weaver, Director 1150 South Freeway, Suite 118 Fort Worth,TX 76102 (817) 212-2644, fax (817) 741-5516 El PasoRobert Queen 9570 Pan American Drive El Paso, TX 79927 (915) 929-6971 HoustonDuaine Priestley, Director 1919 Smith Street, Suite 1026 Houston, TX 77002 (713) 209-3104, fax (713) 209-3135 GrapevineDaniel Swart, Director 1450 Hughes Road, Suite 220 Grapevine, TX 76051 (817) 310-3744, fax (817) 310-3757 San AntonioDaniel G. Rodriguez, Director 203 South Saint Marys Street, Suite 360, San Antonio, TX 78205 (210) 228-9878, fax (210) 228-9874 South TexasDinah McDougall, Director 6401 South 36th Street, Suite 4 McAllen, TX 78503 (956) 661-0238, fax (956) 661-0239 West TexasHenry Hensen, Director 1400 N FM 1788, Room 1303 Midland, TX 79707-1423 (432) 552-2490, fax (432) 552-3490
SpokaneJanet Bauermeister, Director 801 West Riverside, Suite 100 Spokane, WA 99201 (509) 353-2625, fax (509) 353-2449 Tacoma Served by Seattle

West Virginia

CharlestonLeslie Drake, Director 1116 Smith Street, Suite 302 Charleston, WV 25301 (304) 347-5123, fax (304) 347-5408 WheelingDiego Gattesco, Director Ignatius Hall, 316 Washington Avenue, Room G7E Wheeling, WV 26003 (304) 243-5493, fax (304) 243-5494

Wisconsin

MilwaukeePaul D. Churchill, Director 1025 North Broadway Milwaukee, WI 53202 (414) 297-3475, fax (414) 297-3470

Wyoming

Served by Denver, CO
Salt Lake CityDavid Fiscus, Director 9690 South 300 West, Suite 300 Sandy, UT 84070 (801) 255-1871, fax (801) 255-3147

Vermont

Agribusiness/Machinery

AG Connect Expo 2011... 5

Graphics/Printing

Graphics of the Americas (GOA) 2011..10 GRAPH EXPO 2011..31

Agribusiness/Poultry

International Poultry Expo/International Feed Expo (IPE/IFE).... 8
Health and Beauty Products
HBA Global Expo (Health and Beauty Association).32

Broadcasting/ICT

The 2011 NAB Show (National Association of Broadcasters)...18

Healthcare/Dental

2011 Greater New York Dental Meeting..41 Annual Meeting & Clinical Laboratory Expo of the AACC Annual Meeting & Clinical Lab Expo (American Association for Clinical Chemistry).29

Construction

NAHB International Builders Show.. 6 World of Concrete... 7
Healthcare/Natural Products
Natural Products Expo East..34

Construction Equipment

CONEXPO-CON/AGG and IFPE 2011.15

Hospitality

Nightclub & Bar Convention and Trade Show 2011..12 The NRA Show 2011 (National Restaurant Association Restaurant, Hotel-Motel Show).23

Consumer Goods

American International Toy Fair 2011. 9 International Home + Housewares Show 2011.11 High Point Spring Market...36 National Hardware Show/Lawn, Garden & Outdoor World...22 High Point Fall Market...36
2011 International CES (Consumer Electronics Show)... 4 International CTIA Wireless (The Wireless Association)..14 InfoComm 2011...28

Death Care

2011 NFDA International Convention and Expo (National Funeral Directors Association)..37
Material Handling/Logistics

ProMat 2011...13

Energy
ELECTRIC POWER 2011...21 WINDPOWER 2011 Conference & Exhibition.25 RETECH 2011 (Renewable Energy Technology Conference & Exhibition)...33 LAGCOE (Louisiana Gulf Coast Oil Expo)..39 POWER-GEN International..42 Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) 2011..19

Materials/Packaging

PACK EXPO Las Vegas 2011..35

Safety and Security

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Conference & Expo...26

Textiles

IFAI Expo Americas (Industrial Fabrics Association International)..38