Theatrical Smoke, Fog and Haze Testing: Calibration Factors
ENVIRON collected the original exposure measurements on which the guidance levels for theatrical smoke and haze testing are based, and developed the air sampling protocol recommended by the Actors' Equity Association (Equity). As such, we are uniquely qualified to provide testing services and documentation that would be responsive to any inquiries made by Equity or your cast.
ENVIRON has developed a protocol for using a Thermo MIE PDR-1000AN aerosol monitor to measure concentrations of theatrical smoke, fog and haze. The monitor measures the light scattering produced by particles in the air and reports the results in terms of mass concentration (milligrams per cubic meter, or mg/m3) with the assumption that the particles in the air are a fine dust. Because different types of particles have different light scattering properties, the readings from the monitor need to be adjusted (or calibrated) when measuring something other than dust (such as fog droplets). The user converts the dust readings to the correct mg/m3 readings for the fog droplets by multiplying the dust readings by a calibration factor for the particular fog fluid/fog machine combination being used for the fog, smoke or haze effect. The following calibration factors have been developed and approved by Equity and the League of American Theaters and Producers (League) for use in measuring theatrical smoke, fog and haze: Approved Calibration Factors for Monitoring Theatrical Smoke, Fog, and Haze (updated April 2011) Calibration Machine Fluid Fluid Type Factor Fantasy FX spray can Fantasy FX Professional Haze mineral oil 0.87 Fog Max Natural Fogging Fluid glycol 0.66 Haze Max Water Vapor Haze Fluid glycerol 0.11 Starhazer High Performance Fluid mineral oil 0.87 F-100 Atmosphere HQ Fluid glycol 1.21 Atmosphere Stage Formula glycol 0.25 Atmosphere Cold Flow glycol 2.41 Formula FQ-100 Atmosphere HQ Fluid glycol 1.30 Atmosphere Stage Formula glycol 0.96

Manufacturer CITC

Reference (20) (4) (4) (4) (10) (1) (1) (26) (26)

Barco / High End Systems

Theatrical Smoke, Fog and Haze Testing: Calibration Factors Approved Calibration Factors for Monitoring Theatrical Smoke, Fog, and Haze (updated April 2011) Calibration Machine Fluid Fluid Type Factor G300 Molecular Fog Fluid glycol 0.53 Quick Dissipating glycol 2.65 Standard Smoke Fluid glycol 0.30 Regular Haze (C-Beam) Fluid glycerol 0.09 G300/LSG/Freezefog Molecular Fog Fluid glycol 4.95* Pro or equivalent chiller G-Force Molecular Fog Fluid glycol 0.53 Quick Dissipating glycol 2.65 Standard Smoke Fluid glycol 0.30 G-Force/LSG/Freezefog Molecular Fog Fluid glycol 4.95* Pro or equivalent chiller Mini Mist Standard Smoke Fluid glycol 2.24 Neutron XS Neutron Haze Fluid glycerol 0.12 Opti Mist Ranger Mini Mist Canister glycol 3.01 Cryo-Fog Cryo-Fog Fluid glycol 0.91 Orka Regular-Fog Fluid glycol 0.23 Power Tiny Tiny Fluid glycol 0.49 Tiny Compact/Tiny C07 Tiny Fluid glycol 0.76 Tiny Fogger/Tiny F07 Tiny Fluid glycol 0.76 Unique/Unique2 Hazer Unique Fluid glycol 0.30 Viper II (NT) Regular-Fog Fluid glycol 1.46 Quick-Fog Fluid glycol 2.02 Jem Glaciator Jem B2 Heavy Fog Fluid glycol 3.41 Jem Glaciator X-Stream Jem C3 Heavy Fog Fluid glycol 3.23 Jem Roadie Jem Pro-Smoke Super ZR Fluid glycol 0.62 Jem ZR12-DMX Jem Pro-Smoke Super Fluid glycol 1.12 Jem ZR24/7 Hazer Jem Pro-Haze Fluid glycol 0.76 Jem ZR33 Hi-Mass Jem Pro-Smoke Super Fluid glycol 0.79 Jem ProSteam Simulation Fluid glycol 2.31 Magnum 2500Hz Jem Pro-Haze Fluid glycol 0.28 Mini-Max Atmosphere APS MAX 3000 APS MDG MAX 3000 APS through accumulator box DF-/ 1600 MDG MDG MDG MDG Dense Fluid Neutral Fluid Neutral Fluid Neutral Fluid glycol mineral oil mineral oil mineral oil mineral oil glycol glycol glycol glycol glycol glycol glycol glycol glycol glycol glycol glycol glycol 3.21 0.78 0.78 0.27 0.78 1.82 1.27 1.38 1.56 0.58 0.67 1.82 1.27 1.38 1.56 1.43 1.00 1.35

Manufacturer Le Maitre Ltd.
Reference (4,24,25) (4,24,25) (4,9,24,25) (10,24,25) (7,25,28) (4,24,28) (4,24,28) (4,9,24,25) (7,25,28) (10,25) (2,25) (1,25) (16,21) (8) (15) (4,21) (4,21) (4,12) (4,12) (17) (4) (23) (27) (4) (5) (23) (23) (23) (1) (1) (1) (6) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (19) (19) (1) (1) (1) (1) (4) (4) (4)

Look Solutions

Martin Professional

MDG Fog Generators

Reel EFX, Inc. Rosco Laboratories

1750 Alpha 900

Delta 3000
Diffusion Fluid Rosco Clear Fog Fluid Rosco Fog Fluid Rosco Light Fog Fluid Rosco Stage & Studio Fluid Rosco Fog Fluid Rosco Stage & Studio Fluid Rosco Clear Fog Fluid Rosco Fog Fluid Rosco Light Fog Fluid Rosco Stage & Studio Fluid Rosco Clear Fog Fluid Rosco Fog Fluid Rosco Light Fog Fluid

MF 01 0111

Theatrical Smoke, Fog and Haze Testing: Calibration Factors Approved Calibration Factors for Monitoring Theatrical Smoke, Fog, and Haze (updated April 2011) Calibration Machine Fluid Fluid Type Factor Rosco Stage & Studio Fluid glycol 1.97 Delta Hazer Rosco Delta Hazer Fluid glycol 0.71 PF-1000 Rosco Clear Fog Fluid glycol 1.82 Rosco Fog Fluid glycol 1.27 Rosco Light Fog Fluid glycol 1.38 Rosco Stage & Studio Fluid glycol 1.56 Fog Master FM-1 Aquafog Fluid glycol 0.19 Tour Hazer Tour Hazer Fog Fluid glycol 0.30 G100 Directors Choice glycol 4.17 Extra Quick Dissipating glycol 3.17 Quick Dissipating glycol 3.45 G150 Directors Choice glycol 4.17 Extra Quick Dissipating glycol 3.17 Molecular Fog Fluid glycol 2.58 Pro Beam (Long Lasting) glycol 1.42 Quick Dissipating glycol 3.45 G3000 Directors Choice glycol 0.30 Molecular Fog Fluid glycol 0.53 Pro Beam (Long Lasting) glycol 0.67 Quick Dissipating glycol 2.65 Regular Haze Fluid glycerol 0.09 G3000/LSG or Molecular Fog Fluid glycol 4.95* equivalent chiller Power Fog Industrial (PFI) Directors Choice glycol 0.99 or PFI 9D Molecular Fog Fluid glycol 2.77 Pro Beam (Long Lasting) glycol 1.36 Quick Dissipating glycol 1.37 Power Fog Industrial 9D Extra Quick Dissipating glycol 1.23 (PFI 9D) with LSG-MKII or Molecular Fog Fluid glycol 0.75 equivalent chiller Quick Dissipating glycol 0.21 Radiance Hazer Luminous 7 Haze Fluid glycerol 0.26 Show Fogger Pro Directors Choice glycol 0.44 Pro Beam (Long Lasting) glycol 0.44 Quick Dissipating glycol 2.56 Stage Fogger DMX Directors Choice glycol 0.99 Molecular Fog Fluid glycol 2.77 Pro Beam (Long Lasting) glycol 1.36 Quick Dissipating glycol 1.37

Manufacturer

Reference (4) (18) (1) (1) (1) (1) (3) (4) (1,9,25) (1,25) (1,25) (1,9,25) (1,25) (1,25) (4,25) (1,25) (4,9,24,25) (4,24,25) (4,24,25) (4,24,25) (10,24,25) (7,25) (4,9,11,25) (4,11,25) (4,11,25) (4,11,25) (22,25) (13,25) (22,25) (14,25) (4,9,25) (4,25) (4,25) (4,9,25) (4,25) (4,25) (4,25)

SFX Design Smoke Factory Ultratec Special Effects (fka Le Maitre Special Effects)
Notes: * Due to monitor overloading during the calibration testing for this combination, the resulting calibration factor of 4.95 is known to be overestimated. This value can be used as a conservative (i.e., health protective) screening value. If monitoring results using this calibration factor result in exposures exceeding the guidance levels, it is recommended that additional testing to refine this calibration factor be conducted.

References:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Equipment-Based Guidelines for the Use of Theatrical Smoke and Haze, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for the Equity-League Pension and Health Trust Funds, June 8, 2001. Theatrical Haze and Fog Testing for Mamma Mia! Winter Garden Theatre, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Mamma Mia! Broadway and Nina Lannan Associates, November 12, 2001. Theatrical Smoke and Haze Testing for The Phantom of the Opera, Majestic Theatre, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Alan Wasser Associates, July 2002. Calibration Factors for Monitoring Theatrical Smoke and Haze, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Entertainment Services and Technology Association, November 11, 2002. Development of Calibration Factors for Monitoring Theatrical Smoke and Haze: Jem 24/7 Hazer with Pro-Haze Fluid, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Martin Professional, August 2003. Theatrical Smoke and Haze Testing, Wicked the Musical, Gershwin Theatre, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Stone Productions, July 2004. Theatrical Smoke Testing at Bombay Dreams, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Bombay Dreams NY L.L.C., July 30, 2004. Development of Calibration Factors for Monitoring Theatrical Smoke and Haze: Look Solutions Orka with RegularFog Fluid, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Look Solutions, April1, 2005. Letter from Le Maitre Special Effects to ENVIRON International Corporation regarding name change of Regular Fog Fluid to Directors Choice, December 5, 2005.
10. Theatrical Smoke and Haze Testing for The Phantom of the Opera, Forrest Theatre, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Alan Wasser Associates, January 2003. 11. Letter from Le Maitre Special Effects to ENVIRON International Corporation regarding Stage Fogger DMX, Power Fog Industrial, and Power Fog Industrial 9D, April 12, 2006. 12. Letter from Look Solutions to ENVIRON International Corporation regarding Viper Fluid, Unique2 Hazer, and Viper II/NT, May 5, 2006. 13. Development of Time-And-Distance Guidelines for Use of Theatrical Smoke Equipment: Le Maitre LSG-MKII with Power Fog Industrial 9D (PFi9D) Low Smoke Generator, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Le Maitre Special Effects, August 2006. 14. Development of Time-And-Distance Guidelines for Use of Theatrical Smoke Equipment: Le Maitre Radiace Hazer, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Le Maitre Special Effects, August 2006. 15. Development of Time-And-Distance Guidelines for Use of Theatrical Smoke Equipment: Look Solutions Power Tiny, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Look Solutions, August 2006. 16. Development of Time-And-Distance Guidelines for Use of Theatrical Smoke Equipment: Look Solutions Low-Fogger, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Look Solutions, August 2006. 17. Development of Time-And-Distance Guidelines for Use of Theatrical Smoke Equipment: Look Solutions Viper NT, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Look Solutions, August 2006. 18. Development of Time-And-Distance Guidelines for Use of Theatrical Smoke Equipment: Rosco Delta Hazer, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Rosco Laboratories, August 2006. 19. Development of Time-And-Distance Guidelines for Use of Theatrical Smoke Equipment: Rosco Model 1750, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Rosco Laboratories, August 2006. 20. Development of Time-And-Distance Guidelines for Use of Theatrical Smoke Equipment: Fantasy FX Professional Haze, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Richard Frankel Productions Inc., December 14, 2006. 21. Letter from Look Solutions to ENVIRON International Corporation regarding Tiny-Compact, Tiny F07, Tiny C07, and Cryo-Fog, January 24, 2007. 22. Development of Calibration Factors and Time-And-Distance Guidelines for Use of Theatrical Smoke Equipment: Le Maitre LSG-MKII with Power Fog Industrial 9D (PFi9D) Low Smoke Generator with Extra Quick Dissipating and Quick Dissipating Fluid, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for 321 Management, February 2007.

Theatrical Smoke, Fog and Haze Testing: Calibration Factors 23. Development of Calibration Factors for Monitoring Theatrical Fog: Jem ZR33 Hi-Mass with ProSmoke Super (ZR-mix) Fluid, Jem ZR33 Hi-Mass with ProSteam Simulation Fluid, Magnum 2500Hz with Pro Haze Fluid, Jem Glaciator XStream with C3 Fluid, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Martin Professional A./S, August 2008. 24. Letter from Le Maitre Special Effects to ENVIRON International Corporation, June 2, 2008. 25. Letter from Ultratec Special Effects Inc. to ENVIRON International Corporation regarding separation of Le Maitre Special Effects Inc. from Le Maitre Ltd., and renaming of Le Maitre Special Effects Inc., to Ultratec Special Effects Inc, June 10, 2009. 26. Calibration Factors and Time-And-Distance Guidelines for Use of Theatrical Fog Equipment: Barco FQ-100 with Atmospheres Stage Fluid and Barco FQ-100 with Atmospheres HQ Fluid, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Barco Lighting Systems, Inc., December 2010. 27. Development of Calibration Factors for Monitoring Theatrical Smoke and Haze: Jem Roadie with ZR Fluid, prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation for Cirque du Soleil, September 2003. 28. E-mail correspondence from Le Maitre Ltd to ENVIRON International Corporation, March 4, 2011.

Manufacturers:

Barco / High End Systems - http://www.highend.com/products/effects/ Crawford International Theatrical Corporation (CITC) - http://www.citcfx.com/ Le Maitre Ltd. - http://www.lemaitreusa.com Look Solutions - http://www.looksolutions.com/index_e/index.php?Products Martin Professional - http://www.martin.com/productgroup/productgroup.asp?pg=jemsmoke MDG Fog Generators - http://www.mdgfog.com/en/index.html Reel EFX - http://www.reelefx.com/index.php?c=product.list Rosco Laboratories - http://www.rosco.com/us/products/fog.cfm SFX Design, Inc. - http://www.sfxdesigninc.com/ Smoke Factory - http://www.smoke-factory.de/eng/sf_produkte.htm Ultratec Special Effects, Inc. - http://www.ultratecfx.com/ Contact: Alan Kao, Principal +1 978.449.0324 akao@environcorp.com www.environcorp.com/theatricalfog