TABLE OF CONTENTS

Quick start check list....2 Before you begin....3 For proper and safe use....4 Names of parts....14 Camera body...14 Recording mode display...16 Viewfinder...17 Getting up and running...18 Attaching and removing a lens...18 Attaching the camera strap...19 Diopter adjustment....19 Charging the battery....20 Installing and changing the battery...21 Turning on the camera...22 AC Adapter AC-11 (sold separately)..22 Battery condition indicator...23 Auto power save...23 Inserting and changing a memory card...24 Setting the date and time...26 Basic recording....27 Setting the camera to record images automatically..27 Handling the camera...27 Basic recording display....27 Basic recording operation...28 Focus signals....29 Special focusing situations....29 Focus lock....30 Camera-shake warning....30 Using the built-in flash....31 Anti-Shake system....32 Display button....33 Basic playback....34 Viewing images....34 Rotating images...34

8 TABLE

OF CONTENTS
Histogram display...35 Deleting single images...36 Changing the playback display...37 Enlarged playback....38 Advanced recording...39 Exposure-mode dial....39 Digital Subject Programs...40 Auto Recording....41 Program - P....41 Aperture priority - A....42 Shutter priority - S...42 Exposure control range warnings...43 Manual exposure - M...44 Bulb exposures....45 Exposure lock - AEL button...46 Slow sync....47 Spot AF button....47 Exposure compensation...48 Depth-of-field preview....49 AF / MF switch....49 Drive modes....50 Continuous-advance notes...51 Self-timer notes...51 Exposure bracketing notes...52 White-balance bracketing notes...53 Camera sensitivity (ISO) and Zone Matching...54 Camera sensitivity and flash range...55 Function button....56 AF area....57 AF modes....58 Metering modes...59 Flash compensation...60 Color mode....61 Digital Effects Control (DEC)...63
White balance....64 Auto white balance...64 Preset white balance...65 Custom white balance...66 Color temperature...67 A short guide to photography....68 Light sources and color....69 What is an Ev?....69 Recording menu....70 Navigating the recording menu...70 Image size and image quality...72 Instant playback...74 Noise reduction....74 Flash modes....75 Wireless/Remote flash....76 Wireless/Remote camera and flash ranges..78 Flash control....79 Bracketing order...80 Recording mode reset....80 About DiMAGE Master....81 Playback menu....82 Navigating the playback menu...82 Frame-selection screen....83 Delete....84 Format.....85 View folder....85 Lock....86 Index playback format....87 Slide Show....88 About DPOF....88 DPOF setup....89 Date imprint....90 Index print...90 Cancel print....90 Opening the custom & setup menus...91

CAMERA-SHAKE WARNING

If the shutter speed falls below the point where the camera can be hand held safely, the camera-shake warning indicator blinks in the viewfinder. Camera shake is slight blurring caused by subtle hand motion and is more pronounced with telephoto lenses than wide angle. Although the warning appears, the shutter can still be released. If the warning appears, place the camera on a tripod or use the built-in flash.

Camera-shake warning

30 BASIC

USING THE BUILT-IN FLASH

The built-in flash is designed to be used with lenses with focal lengths from 18mm or longer. When using lenses shorter than 18mm, the corners of the image are not be fully illuminated. The lens hood and certain lenses can cause shadowing, see page 110. The shutter will not release while the flash is charging. To use the flash, simply pull up the unit by the tabs on each side. The flash position must be set manually, and once up, the flash unit always fires regardless of the amount of ambient light. The flash mode is changed with the recording menu (p. 75). Push down the built-in flash when the camera is not in use. The flash is also used as an AF illuminator, see page 96. The viewfinder flash signal indicates the status of the flash.
Signal steady - flash charged and ready to fire. Signal blinking - flash output was sufficient for exposure. If the flash signal does not blink after taking the picture, the subject was not within the flash range. The flash range depends on the aperture used for the exposure. The follow chart shows the range when camera sensitivity is set to auto (auto recording) or ISO 100 (program). See page 55 for the flash range with other camera sensitivity settings. Aperture f/2.8 f/3.5 f/4.0 f/5.6 Auto ISO (Auto recording) 1.4 ~ 8.6m / 4.6 ~ 28ft. 1.1 ~ 6.8m / 3.6 ~ 22ft. 1.0 ~ 6.0m / 3.3 ~ 20ft. 1.0 ~ 4.3m / 3.3 ~ 14ft. ISO 100 (Program exposure) 1.0 ~ 4.3m / 3.3 ~ 14.ft. 1.0 ~ 3.4m / 3.3 ~ 11.ft. 1.0 ~ 3.0m / 3.3 ~ 9.8ft. 1.0 ~ 2.1m / 3.3 ~ 6.7ft.

ANTI-SHAKE SYSTEM

The Anti-Shake system minimizes the affect of camera shake, a slight blurring caused by subtle hand motion. Camera shake is more pronounced at long focal lengths than short ones. Anti-Shake is less effective with moving subjects or when the camera is panned, with shutter speeds of 1/4 second or longer, and short object distances. Anti-shake is disabled with bulb exposures (p. 45).
Anti-shake switch When the system is active, the Anti-Shake scale in the viewfinder glows. Anti-Shake is turned off and on with the Anti-shake switch. Frame the subject as described in the basic operation section. Press the shutter-release button partway down to focus and set the exposure. The Anti-Shake scale indicates the degree of stabilization. The greater the scale displayed, the more unstable the image. Confirm the image has stabilized with the scale and press the shutter-release button all the way down to take the picture. Anti-shake cannot be used with some lenses, see page 110. Turn Anti-Shake off when the camera is mounted on a tripod. The metered exposure may change when turning this function on and off.

DELETING SINGLE IMAGES

The displayed image can be deleted. Once deleted, an image cannot be recovered. To delete a displayed image, press the delete button; a confirmation screen opens. Use the left/right keys to highlight Yes. No cancels the operation. Press the controller to execute the command on the confirmation screen. The camera returns to playback mode.

Delete this frame?

Yes No
The camera can play back images on a television set. See page 101 on how to connect the camera to a TV with the supplied video cable.
CHANGING THE PLAYBACK DISPLAY
The display button controls the display format. Each time the button is pressed, the display cycles through to the next format: full display, image only, index playback. The index display can be changed in section 1 of the playback menu.

Full display

Image only Index playback
In index playback, the four-way keys of the controller move the yellow border to the adjacent image. When the image is highlighted with the border, the date of recording, the lock and printing status, and the frame number of the image are displayed at the bottom of the screen. The highlighted image can be deleted using the delete button (p. 36). When the display button is pressed again, the highlighted image is displayed in the single-frame playback mode. A four, nine, and sixteen image index can be displayed as well as a file browser. The index-playback format can be changed in section 1 of the playback menu (p. 82, 87).

ENLARGED PLAYBACK

An image can be enlarged for closer examination. The maximum magnification depends on image size from 2.4X for small images to 4.7X for large images. Press the enlarge button to activate enlarged playback. Enlarge button Reduce button The controllers four-way keys scroll the magnified area. The front control dial browses through the images.
The controllers four-way keys scrolls the magnified area. The locator (1) indicates the portion of the image displayed. The enlarge and reduce buttons change the magnification.

:browse area

Press the central button of the controller to switch between displaying the entire image area and the magnified image.
The magnification area (2) shows the portion of the image enlarged. The controllers four-way keys moves the magnification area. The enlarge and reduce buttons change the size of the area. Press the playback button to cancel enlarged playback.

VIEW FOLDER

Only the images in the folders specified with the view-folder option in section 1 of the playback menu (p. 82) can be viewed or edited in playback. Two options are available: All folders - to view and edit all images on the memory card. Single folder - to view and edit images in a specific folder. The folder is selected in the folder-name option below the view-folder option.
Delete Format View folder Folder name Lock Index format Single folder 100KMframes
For more on memory card organization, see page 120. Folders can be created and selected in section 2 of the setup menu (p. 104, 105).
Single, multiple, or all images on the memory card or in a folder specified with the view-folder option can be locked. A locked image cannot be deleted by either the playback menu functions or the delete button. Important images should be locked. Images are locked in section 1 of the playback menu (p. 82). The lock has five options: Marked frames - to lock or unlock multiple images. When this is chosen, the frameselection screen (p. 83) is displayed. Use the left/right keys of the controller to highlight the image to be locked. Pressing the up key marks the thumbnail with the lock indicator. To unlock an image, highlight it with the yellow border and press the down key; the lock indicator disappears. Continue until all the images are marked. Press the controller to lock the marked frames, or press the menu button to cancel the operation and return to the playback menu. All in folder - to lock images in a single folder specified by the view-folder option. All on card - all images on the memory card are locked. Unlock folder - to unlock images in a single folder specified by the view-folder option. Unlock card - all images on the memory card are unlocked. Locking an image protects it from a delete function. However, the formatting function erase all files on a memory card whether locked or not. Locked images are indicated in the playback displays.

Lock indicator

86 PLAYBACK

INDEX PLAYBACK FORMAT

The index-format option in section 1 of the playback menu can specify a four, nine, and sixteen image display for index playback (p. 37) and frame-selection screens (p. 83). A file browser can also be used in place of the index playback display mode; a 9-frame display is used for the selection screens. 9-frame index After selecting the file-browser option in the menu, press the display button in the playback mode to display the file browser. The up/down keys of the controller switch between the folder tabs and images; a tab or image is highlighted. The left/right keys of the controller select the folder tabs or images.

:select folder

A folder and its contents or a single image can be deleted. With the folder tab or image thumbnail highlighted, press the delete button. On the confirmation screen, use the left/right keys to highlight Yes. No cancels the operation. Press the controller to execute the command on the confirmation screen. If a folder contains locked images, the locked images and folder remain.
Delete folder and its contents?
Delete button Display button

SLIDE SHOW

Section 2 of the playback menu starts the slide-show function. This function automatically displays images every five seconds on the card or in the folder specified with the view-folder option in section 1 of the menu. Highlight Enter in the slide-show option in section 2 of the playback menu and press the center of the controller to begin the slide-show playback. Press the central button of the controller to pause and restart the presentation. Use the left/right keys of the controller to advance to the next image or return to the previous one. To cancel the presentation, press the down key of the controller or the menu button.
Slide show Enter DPOF set Date imprint Index print Cancel print

ABOUT DPOF

This camera is supported by DPOF version 1.1. The DPOF (Digital Print Order Format) allows direct printing of still images from digital cameras. After the DPOF file is created, the memory card is simply taken to a photofinishing service or inserted into the memory -card slot of DPOF compatible printers. When a DPOF file is created, a misc. folder is automatically made on the memory card to store it (p. 120). DPOF print files cannot be made for RAW and embedded Adobe RGB images. Images using an Adobe RGB color mode may not be reproduced accurately (p. 61). Images selected for printing are indicated in the playback displays. The number of copies is displayed next to the indicator.

88 PLAYBACK

Print indicator

DPOF SETUP

The DPOF-set option is used to set an order for standard prints from digital images. Single, multiple, or all images on the memory card or in a folder specified with the view-folder option can be printed (p. 85). DPOF setup has three options: Marked frames - to choose a group of images to be printed or when the number of copies for each image varies. When selected, the frame-selection screen appears (p. 83). Use the left/right keys of the controller to highlight an image to be printed. Pressing the up key marks the image with the printer indicator. The number next to the indicator indicates the number of copies of that image will be printed. Pressing the up key increases the number of copies, pressing the down key decreases the number. A maximum of nine copies can be ordered. To deselect an image for printing, press the down key until the the number of copies reaches zero and the printer indicator disappears. Continue until all the images to be printed are marked. Press the controller to create the DPOF file, or press the menu button to cancel the operation and return to the playback menu. All in folder - to select images in the folder specified by the view-folder option. All on card - to select all images on the memory card for printing. When the all-in-folder or all-on-card option is chosen, a screen appears requesting the number of copies of each image; a maximum of nine copies can be ordered. Use the up/down keys of the controller to set the number of copies. If the all-on-card option was used to create a print order, any additional images saved afterwards in the folder are not be included in the order. DPOF files created with another camera are deleted when a DPOF file is created.

Shutter lock Shutter lock AF area setup Monitor disp. Rec. display Play. display On: no card On: no lens 0.3s. display Automatic Auto rotate Auto rotate

LENS SHUTTER LOCK

The shutter lock prevents the shutter opening and exposing the CCD to dust when no lens is mounted on the camera. Turn the shutter lock off when attaching the camera to a telescope or microscope. The shutter lock is turned on and off in section 2 of the custom menu (p. 92).

AF AREA SETUP

The spot focus or local AF areas are illuminated when the camera focuses. The illumination period is selected in section 2 of the custom menu (p. 92) between 0.3 seconds and 0.6 seconds. AF area illuminator activation can also be turned off. AF area illuminator

MONITOR DISPLAY SETUP

Automatic and manual monitor display is selected in section 2 of the custom menu (p. 92). The automatic option uses the viewfinder eye sensors to turn the monitor off when using the viewfinder. The manual option requires the monitor to be turned off using the display button (p. 33).

RECORDING DISPLAY SETUP

The auto-rotate and horizontal display is selected in section 2 of the custom menu (p. 92). The auto-rotate option automatically changes the recording display as the camera orientation is moved between horizontal and vertical positions. The horizontal option fixes the display to the horizontal position.

PLAYBACK DISPLAY SETUP

The auto-rotate and manual-rotate options are selected in section 2 of the custom menu (p. 92). The auto-rotate option records camera orientation with the image file so that it is displayed correctly with the camera and DiMAGE Master Lite. The manual option does not tag images. When the manual option is selected, previously recorded images are not affected and are rotated when played back.

SETUP MENU

The setup menu controls camera operation. See page 91 on how to open the setup menu. Use the left/right keys of the controller to highlight the appropriate menu tab; the menus change as the tabs are highlighted. When the required menu section is displayed, use the up/down key to scroll through the menu options. Highlight the option whose setting needs to be changed. Press the right controller key to display the settings; the current setting is indicated by an arrow. To return to the menu options, press the left key. Use the up/down key to highlight the new setting. If Enter is displayed, press the central button of the controller to continue.

To set monitor brightness (p. 100).
LCDbrightness Transfer mode Video output Audio signals Language Date/Time set Data storage NTSC On English
To specify camera operation with a computer (p. 100). To switch video output between NTSC and PAL (p. 101). To change or turn off audio signals (p. 102). To set the menu language (p. 102). To set the cameras clock and calendar (p. 103). To activate file number memory (p. 103).
File # memory Folder name Select folder New folder

Off Std. form 100KM028

To select the folder name format (p. 104). To select the destination folder for recorded images (p. 104). To create a new folder (p. 104).
To specify monitor backlight illumination period (p. 105).
LCD backlight Power save MenuSec.Memory Delete conf. Clean CCD Reset default 5 sec. 3 min. Off No
To set the auto-power-save period (p. 105). To memorize the last menu section opened (p. 106). To change the confirmation screens default setting (p. 106). Read cleaning instructions before using (p. 106). To reset camera functions (p. 108).

LCD BRIGHTNESS

Monitor brightness is adjusted in section 1 of the setup menu. Highlight Enter and press the central button of the controller to open the LCD brightness setup screen.
LCDbrightness Transfer mode Video output Audio signals Language Date/Time set Enter
Brightness is controlled in eleven levels. Use the left/right controller keys to adjust the brightness, the monitor adjusts accordingly. Press the central button of the controller to set the level and complete the operation. Press the menu button to close the screen without applying any changes.

Set LCD brightness

Low High

TRANSFER MODE

The data-transfer mode must be specified depending on whether the camera is used to transfer data to a computer or print images with a PictBridge compatible printer. Select the appropriate option: Data storage - to transfer data between the camera and a computer. This option must be selected when moving image files to a computer or when using the DiMAGE Master Lite software. PTP - to print images with a PictBridge compatible printer. See page 126 for more on PictBridge.

:sel. Date/Time set 2005. 10. : 14 YYYY/MM/DD

FILE NUMBER (#) MEMORY

When file number memory is selected, if a new folder is created, the first file stored in the folder will have a number one greater than the last file saved. This allows multiple folders to be created, but the image file numbers will be in the order in which they were shot. If the file number memory is disabled, the image file name will have a number one greater than the last image saved in the folder.
File # memory Folder name Select folder New folder Off Std. form 100KM028
If file number memory is active and the memory card is changed, the first file saved to the new card will have a number one greater than the last file saved on the previous card if the new card does not contain an image with a greater file number. If it does, the file number of the new image will be one greater than the greatest on the card.

FOLDER NAME

All recorded images are stored in folders on the memory card. Folder names come in two formats: standard and date. Standard folders have an eight character name. The initial folder is named 100KM028. The first three digits are the folders serial number, which increases by one each time a new folder is created. The next two letters refer to Konica Minolta, and the last three numbers indicate the camera used; 028 indicates a Maxxum/Dynax 5D. A date folder name also starts with the three digit serial number and is followed by one register for the year, two register for the month, and two registers for the day: 100YMMDD. The folder 10150801 was created in 2005 on August 1st.

100KM028

(Standard)

10150801

(Date)
With the date folder format selected, when an image is recorded a new folder with the days date is created. All images recorded that day are placed in that folder. Images recorded on a different day are placed in a new folder with the corresponding date. When a new folder is created, the serial number in the image-file name is reset to 0001 unless file number memory is active. For more information on folder organization and file names, see page 120.

AF/Shutter-release priority setup Focus-hold button setup AEL button setup Control-dial setup Exposure compensation setup AF illuminator Card shutter lock Lens shutter lock AF area setup Monitor display setup Recording display setup Playback display setup

Setup menu

AF priority Focus hold AE hold Shutter speed Ambient & flash On On On 0.3 second display Automatic Auto rotate Auto rotate
p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p.
LCD brightness Transfer mode Audio signal File number memory Folder name LCD backlight period Auto-power-save period Menu section memory Delete confirmation
Reset Data storage On Off Standard form 5 seconds 3 minutes Off No
p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p. p.

ACCESSORY NOTES

This section contains operation and compatibility information with camera accessories. Please read it in its entirety to achieve the best results with your camera.

LENS COMPATIBILITY

All Konica Minolta AF lenses are compatible with this camera. MD and MC series lenses cannot be used. For our current line of lenses, contact your Konica Minolta dealer. The AF Macro Zoom 3X - 1X f/1.7-2.8 cannot be used with Anti-Shake (p. 32); turn AntiShake off. If a lens is equipped with a macro release, the release cannot be used with Anti-Shake. Focus range limiters set to a range that does not include infinity cannot be used. The focus range limiter on the SSM-series or D-series macro lenses can be used at any set range. Anti-Shake may not work with products made by another manufacturer.

LENS SHADOWING

Lens shadowing occurs when the lens or lens hood blocks part of the output from the built-in flash. Lens shadowing appears as a semi-circular shadow at the bottom (horizontal pictures) or side (vertical pictures) of the image. Remove the lens hood before using the built-in flash. Focus distance must be 1m / 3.3ft or greater. The built-in flash can not be used with the AF 600mm f/4 Apo G(HS).

FOCAL-LENGTH CONVERSION

Because the CCD is smaller than a 35mm frame, the angle of view obtained at a specific focal length is not the same. To calculate the approximate equivalent 35mm focal length, multiply the focal length in use by 1.5. A 100mm lens gives about the same angle of view as a 150mm lens on a 35mm camera.

CCD-PLANE

For some technical photographic applications such as macro photography, the position of the CCD plane is necessary. The illustration shows the approximate location of the CCD plane.
ATTACHING THE EYEPIECE CAP
The supplied eyepiece cap prevents light from entering through the viewfinder and affecting the exposure meter or fogging the image when using the self-timer or during long exposures. Carefully slide the eyepiece cup from around the viewfinder frame by pushing on each side of the cup.

Slide the eyepiece cap over the viewfinder. The cap should be attached to the camera strap to prevent loss. Replace the eyepiece cup after the exposure.
OPTIONAL VIEWFINDER ACCESSORIES
The Angle Finder VN and Magnifier VN can be used with this camera. The Angle Finder makes using the camera at low angles easier. The Magnifier enlarges the center of the viewfinder image for critical focusing especially for macro photography. These accessories are mounted on the viewfinder frame as described above. For more information on these and other accessories, contact your Konica Minolta dealer.

ATTACHING A REMOTE CORD

The optional remote cords (RC-1000S or RC-1000L) can be used to reduce vibrations from touching the camera during long exposures. Open the remote-control terminal cover from the right. The cover is attached to the body to prevent loss; take care not the sever the connector. Insert the plug of the remote cord into the terminal (1). The cord can be attached to the camera strap. Open the remote-cord clip on the strap and push the cord into the grove. Close the clip until it clicks into place (2).
ATTACHING AN ACCESSORY FLASH UNIT
To extend the versatility of the camera, an accessory flash unit (sold separately) can be used. Always remove the accessory flash when the camera is not in use, and replace the accessory-shoe cap to protect the contacts.
Slide the accessory-shoe cap off as shown. Mount the flash unit on the accessory shoe by sliding it forward until it stops.

FLASH COMPATIBILITY

The following flash units are compatible with this camera: Maxxum/Program Flash 2500(D) Maxxum/Program Flash 3600HS(D) Maxxum/Program Flash 5600HS(D) Macro Ring Flash 1200 with Macro Flash Controller Macro Twin Flash 2400 with Macro Flash Controller

HIGH-SPEED SYNC. (HSS)

This camera is compatible with the High Speed Sync. (HSS) function in the Program/Maxxum Flash 5600HS(D) and 3600HS(D). This allows the camera to use its full range of shutter speeds up to 1/4000 second. HSS cannot be used with the 2-second self-timer drive mode nor the rear sync. flash mode. Attach a compatible flash unit to the camera. Set the flash unit to HSS. When the shutter speed exceeds the camera sync. speed, the High Speed Sync. indicator (H) is displayed on the monitor and in the viewfinder.
High Speed Sync. indicator

PC FLASH ADAPTER PCT-100

The PC Flash Adapter PCT-100 allows a studio or location flash system to be connected to the camera with a standard PC cord. The adapter is compatible with both center positive (normal polarity) and center negative (positive polarity) flash units with a voltage of 400V or lower. The software upgrade included with the PCT-100 should not be used. To ensure correct exposures, use the manual exposure mode. Set the shutter speed equal to or slower than the flash duration; refer to the flash units instruction manual. The cameras flash-compensation function has no affect on the flash exposure. To make an exposure bracket, press and hold the AEL button during the bracketing series to control the exposure with the aperture rather than the shutter speed. The use of custom white balance is recommended. When calibrating the camera, use the shutter speed and aperture settings require for the final exposure. A gray card may have to be used as the reference target with powerful flash units to reduce the intensity of the illumination. If custom white balance is not practical, use the preset daylight or flash setting or set the color temperature to the flash units color temperature if known; auto white balance is not recommended.

Image files contain exif tag data. This data includes the time and date the image was recorded as well as the camera settings used. This data can be viewed with the camera or the DiMAGE Master and DiMAGE Master Lite software. If a camera image is opened in an image-processing application that does not support Exif tags, and then the image is saved overwriting the original data, the Exif tag information is erased. Some Exif compatible applications rewrite the Exif data preventing DiMAGE Master Lite from reading it. When using software other than DiMAGE Master or DiMAGE Master Lite, always rename the image file to protect the exif tag data. To view images correctly on your computer, the monitors color space may need to be adjusted. Refer to your computer manual on how to calibrate the display to the following requirements: sRGB, with a color temperature of 6500K, and a gamma of 2.2.
DISCONNECTING THE CAMERA FROM THE COMPUTER
Never disconnect the camera when the access lamp is lit - the data or memory card may permanently be damaged.
WINDOWS 98 / 98 SECOND EDITION
Confirm the access lamp is not lit. Turn off the camera and then disconnect the USB cable. If Kodak EasyShare is open, quit the application before disconnecting the camera.
WINDOWS XP, 2000 PROFESSIONAL, AND ME
To disconnect the camera, click once on the unplug-or-eject-hardware icon located on the task bar. A small window opens indicating the device to be stopped.
Click on the small window to stop the device; the safe-to-remove-hardware message appears. Disconnect the USB cable.
When more than one external device is connected to the computer, repeat the procedure above except right click on the unplug-or-eject-hardware icon to open the unplug-oreject-hardware window.
The hardware devices connected to the system are displayed. Click the display-device-components check box. Highlight the device to be stopped by clicking on it then click Stop.
A confirmation screen appears to indicate the devices to be stopped. Clicking OK stops the device.
The safe-to-remove-hardware Disconnect the USB cable.

message

appears.

MACINTOSH

Confirm that the access lamp is not lit and then drag the mass-storage device icon and drop it into the trash. Disconnect the USB cable.

Index print, 129 Layout, 130 Paper size, 130

Print quality, 131

Batch print
Batch print in section 1 selects all still images on the memory card for printing. Two options are available: All-frames - to print all images on the card. A screen opens so the number of copies of each image can be specified. A total number of fifty images can be printed. Reset - to cancel changes made with the batch print option or with the print selection screen.

Index print

An index print of all still images on the memory card can be made. The quality and size of the print can be specified with the camera menu. The number of images per page varies with the printer. The print-setup confirmation screen is displayed before the print routine starts.
No. of prints: Print size: Layout: Print quality: Data print: :start 5 Printer setup Printer setup Printer setup Printer setup

Paper size

The paper size of the print can be specified in section 2 of the PictBridge menu. The printer-setup option uses the size set with the printer. Highlight the current size setting in the menu and press the central button of the controller to open the paper-size screen.
Paper size Layout Print quality Data print Printer setup

:enter Paper size

Use the four-way keys of the controller to highlight the paper size.
Press the central button of the controller to set the paper size.
Printer setup L Postcard 2L A4 :sel.
2 x 3 card 100mm x 150mm 4 x x 10 Letter :enter
The following are the dimensions for postcard, L, and 2L paper sizes in both millimeters and inches for your reference: Postcard L 2L 100 X 148mm 89 X 127mm 127 X 178mm 3.9 X 5.9 in. 3.5 X 5.0 in. 5.0 X 7.0 in.

Layout

The layout of the print can be set in section 2 of the PictBridge menu. The printer-setup option uses the layout parameters of the printer. Borderless printing can be specified with the camera as well as the number of images per page.

Print quality

The print quality can be set in section 2 of the PictBridge menu. The printer-setup option uses the quality set with the printer. The fine quality can be specified with the camera.

Data print

Data can be printed with the image in section 2 of the PictBridge menu. The printer-setup option uses the options set with the printer. The date of capture and the file name can be selected for printing. Data printing can also be disabled with the menu.
DPOF print in section 3 allows still images and an index print selected with the DPOF printing options in section 2 of the playback menu to be printed from a DPOF compatible PictBridge printer. Simply select the start option from the menu to begin the routine.

Section memory, 106 Setup, 91, 98 Noise reduction, 74 PictBridge, 128 Printing errors, 127 Menu, 128 Pre-flash TTL metering, 79 Program, 27, 41 Program shift, 41 RAW, 62, 72, 120, 128 Rear flash sync., 75 Red-eye reduction, 75 Remote cord, 111 Remote flash, see wireless flash Reset, 41, 80, 108 Rotate, 34, 97 Saturation, 63 Self timer, 50, 51 Sharpness, 63 Shutter lock, 96 Shutter priority, 42 Shutter speeds, 43 Slide show, 88 Slow sync., 47 Transfer mode, 100, 115 Troubleshooting, 136 USB Connection, 115 Disconnection, 122 - 124 System requirements, 114 Windows 98 driver installation, 116 Video output, 101 White balance, 64 Wireless flash, 71 - 73 Zone matching, 54
2005 Konica Minolta Photo Imaging, Inc. under the Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright Convention.
9222-2186-11 MY-A506 Printed in Malaysia

PF2500D_English_C404.qxd

2004.05.12

03:33 PM

Page 1
PROGRAM FLASH MAXXUM FLASH

2500 (D)

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Page 2

FOR PROPER AND SAFE USE
Read and understand all warnings and cautions before using this product. Do not disassemble this product. Electric shock may cause injury if a high voltage circuit inside the product is touched. Immediately remove the batteries and discontinue use if the camera is dropped or subjected to an impact in which the interior, especially the flash unit, is exposed. The flash has a high voltage circuit which may cause an electric shock resulting in injury. The continued use of a damaged product or part may cause injuries. Store this product out of reach of children. Be careful when around children not to harm them with the product or parts. Do not fire the flash directly into the eyes. It may damage eyesight. Do not fire the flash at vehicle operators. It may cause a distraction or temporary blindness which may lead to an accident. Do not expose this product to liquids or operate this product with wet hands. If liquid enters the product, immediately remove the batteries and discontinue use. The continued use of a product exposed to liquids may cause damage or injury through fire or electric shock. Do not use the product near inflammable gases or liquids such as gasoline, benzine, or paint thinner. Do not use inflammable products such as alcohol, benzine, or paint thinner to clean the product. The use of inflammable cleaners and solvents may cause an explosion or fire. If the product emits a strange odor, heat, or smoke, discontinue use. Immediately remove the batteries taking care not to burn yourself, as batteries become hot with use. The continued use of a damaged product or part may cause injuries. Take the product to a Konica Minolta Service Facility when repairs are required.

WARNING

Using batteries improperly can cause them to leak harmful solutions, overheat, or explode which may damage property or cause personal injury. Do not ignore the following warnings. Only use the batteries specified in this instruction manual. Do not install the batteries with the polarity (+/) reversed. Do not use batteries which show wear or damage. Do not expose batteries to fire, high temperatures, water, or moisture. Do not attempt to recharge, short, or disassemble batteries. Do not store batteries near or in metallic products. Do not mix batteries of different types, brands, ages, or charge levels. Do not charge alkaline or lithium batteries. When recharging rechargeable batteries, only use the recommended charger. Do not use leaking batteries. If fluid from the batteries enters your eye, immediately rinse the eye with plenty of fresh water and contact a doctor. If fluid from the batteries makes contact with your skin or clothing, wash the area thoroughly with water. Tape over battery contacts to avoid short-circuiting during disposal; always follow local regulations for battery disposal.

Page 4

CAUTION
Do not use or store the product in a hot or humid environment such as the glove compartment or trunk of a car. It may damage the product and batteries which may result in burns or injuries caused by heat, fire, explosion, or leaking battery fluid. If batteries are leaking, discontinue use of the product. Do not fire the flash while it is in contact with people or objects. The flash unit discharges a large amount of energy which may cause burns. Burns may result if the batteries are removed immediately after prolonged or heavy flash use. Wait for the batteries to cool.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Changes or modifications not approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

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CONTENTS
NAMES OF PARTS...6 BASIC OPERATION INSTALLING BATTERIES...10 GETTING STARTED....12 Mounting the flash..12 Removing the flash...12 Turning the flash on...12 Auto Power Off....12 Metering-mode switch...13 About film use (Maxxum/Dynax cameras)..13 P MODE FLASH: THE BASICS..14 With Maxxum/Dynax series cameras..14 With DiMAGE series digital cameras..17 EXPOSURE MODES...20 A Mode Flash...20 S Mode Flash...20 M Mode Flash....21 Flash Sync Speed..21 ADVANCED OPERATION BOUNCE FLASH...23 AF ILLUMINATOR...26 OFF-CAMERA CABLES..27 Flash-Ratio Control (Varying the intensity of individual flash)..28 APPENDIX COMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER PRODUCTS..30 CAUTIONS WHILE HANDLING..32 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS..34
Thank you for purchasing this Konica Minolta product. Please take time to read through the instruction manual so you may enjoy all the features of your new flash unit. This manual covers the operation of PROGRAM/MAXXUM FLASH 2500HS(D) with the following cameras: Maxxum 9, 7, 800si, 700si, 600si, 400si, 300si, XTsi, HTsi, STsi, QTsi, 3, 4, 5 Dynax 9, 7, 800si, 700si, 600si, 505si, 505si Super, 500si, 500si Super, 404si, 303si, 300si, 3L, 3, 5 DiMAGE A1, A2, Z1, Z2, 7Hi, 7i, 7, 5 When using another Maxxum, Dynax series 35mm camera, a Vectis series APS camera, or a Dimge series digital camera, refer to Compatibility with Other Products section on page 30 while read the main section of this manual. This flash unit is designed and manufactured solely for use with the Konica Minolta Maxxum/Dynax series cameras and DiMAGE series digital cameras. It cannot be attached to other Konica Minolta cameras. Performance when used with cameras from other manufacturers cannot be guaranteed. Konica Minolta takes no responsibility for accidents or malfunctions due to use with those cameras.

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NAMES OF PARTS
Figures in parenthesis refer to the page number of relevant sections.

Flashtube

BASIC OPERATION
Mounting-foot-release button (12) AF illuminator (26) Mounting foot (12) Metering-mode switch (13, 14, 17) Switch up - ADI flash metering Switch down - TTL flash metering
The section covers how to prepare the flash for use as well as the basic flash operation.
Ready lamp (11, 15, 18) Glows steadily when the flash is ready to fire. Blinks when the correct flash exposure was made. Turns off when the flash is charging.
Battery-chamber door (10) Main switch (12) Autoflash lamp (14) Glows to indicate autoflash is active. Turns off when using fillflash.

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INSTALLING BATTERIES

BATTERIES

The 2500 (D) may be powered by : Four AA-size alkaline batteries Four AA-size lithium batteries Four AA-size rechargeable nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries Only charge nickel-metal hydride batteries in an appropriate charger unit. When the flash is charged and ready, the ready lamp at the rear of the unit glows. When the flash charging time exceeds 30 seconds, replace the batteries.
1. Open the battery-chamber door as shown.
2. Insert the batteries as shown in the diagram in the battery chamber.
3. Close the battery-chamber door.

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GETTING STARTED

Mounting the flash

Slide the flash mounting foot firmly into the cameras accessory shoe until it stops.
The flash locks into place automatically. If the cameras built-in flash is up, lower it before mounting the flash unit.

Metering-mode switch

Select the flash metering-mode.
For the Maxxum/Dynax series cameras, ADI flash metering is available with the ADI compatible cameras and D series lenses. Refer to the cameras instruction manual for details. For the DiMAGE series digital cameras, ADI flash metering is available with the ADI compatible digital cameras when the ADI flash metering-mode is set with the recording mode menu. Refer to the cameras instruction manual for details. When using a close-up diffuser, a filter that increases exposure (red 25, neutral density), or bounce flash, set the metering mode to TTL. ADI metering will result in incorrect exposures.

Removing the flash

While pressing the mounting-foot release button (1), slide the flash (2) from the accessory shoe.

Turning the flash on

Slide the main switch to turn the flash on and off.
About film use (Maxxum/Dynax cameras)
Do not use films with a speed in excess of ISO 1000. Exposure errors may result.
The low-speed film limit is the same as specified in the cameras instruction manual. Refer to the instruction manual for details.

Auto Power Off

The flash is turned off automatically to save battery power if the flash is not used for 15 minutes. To restore power, slide the main switch off and on.

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P MODE FLASH: THE BASICS
1. Turn the camera and flash on. 2. Set the P exposure mode on the camera. 3. Select the flash metering mode on the flash. The active metering mode depends on the metering mode selected and the camera in use, see chart below.

Metering-mode switch position ADI flash compatible cameras with a D series lens ADI flash compatible cameras with TTL metering selected with a custom function Cameras incompatible with ADI flash metering ADI TTL ADI TTL metering TTL The photo will be under-exposed if taken before the flash is completely charged. When using the self-timer, confirm the flash is charged before pressing the shutter-release button to start the countdown. Flash metering mode used ADI metering TTL metering With the Maxxum/Dynax 9 and 800si, fill-flash is used when the P mode is selected (autoflash may also be selected as a custom setting with the 800si). With other cameras, autoflash is used with the P mode. Fill-flash can be selected in the same way as the flash mode of the built-in flash on the camera.
5. When the flash is charged, press the shutter-release button all the way down to take the picture.
The flash is charged when the ready lamp on the rear of the unit and the flash-ready lamp in the camera viewfinder are both lit.
If the flash output was sufficient for the exposure:
The ready lamp blinks on the rear of the flash unit. The indicator blinks in the camera viewfinder.
4. Press the shutter-release button partway down.
The autoflash lamp glows to indicate

autoflash is active.

The autoflash lamp does not glow when using fill-flash.

P MODE FLASH

With Maxxum/Dynax series cameras
With the Maxxum/Dynax 7, autoflash is used with full-auto, and fillflash with the P mode.

Page 16

P MODE FLASH: THE BASICS P MODE FLASH
Flash range of the 2500 (D) in meters Aperture 2.5.11 ISO 100 1-9 1-- 4.5 1-- 2.2 ISO - - 12 1-9 1-- 4.5
With DiMAGE series digital cameras
With the DiMAGE A1, A2, Z1, Z2, 7Hi, 7i, 7 and 5, fill-flash is used when the P mode is selected.
1. Turn the camera and flash on. 2. Set the P exposure mode on the camera. 3. Select the flash-metering mode on recording-mode menu and the flash metering mode on the flash. The active metering mode depends on the metering mode selected on recordingmode menu and the flash, see chart below.
Recordring-mode menu setting ADI TTL ADI P-TTL TTL The flash-metering mode can not be selected with the DiMAGE Z1, and Z2 on recording-mode menu. With these digital cameras, always P-TTL metering will be used regardless of the metering-mode switch.

(Continued on next page)

If the subject is closer than 1m, use the flash off-camera with a cable. The flash range is for negative films. When using slide film, underexposure may be apparent at the farther limits of the flash range.
Metering-mode switch position ADI
Flash metering mode used ADI metering P-TTL metering P-TTL metering

Page 18

4. Press the shutter-release button partway down. 5. When the flash is charged, press the shutter-release button all the way down to take the picture.
The flash is charged when the ready lamp on the rear of the unit glows and the flash signal on the monitors turns white. Flash range of the 2500 (D) in meters with the DiMAGE A1 / A2 / Z1 / Z2 / 7Hi / 7i / 7 / 5. Aperture (F) 2.5.11 Camera sensitivity (ISO) AUTO
0.5 - 12 0.5 - 9 0.5 - 6 0.5 - 4.5 0.5 - 3

ISO 100

0.5 - 9 0.5 - 6 0.5 - 4.5 0.5 - 3 0.5 - 2.2

ISO 200

ISO 400
0.5 - 18 0.5 - 12 0.5 - 9 0.5 - 6 0.5 - 4.5

ISO 800

0.5 - 25 0.5 - 18 0.5 - 12 0.5 - 9 0.5 - 6
The ready lamp blinks on the rear of the flash unit. The indicator used with the built-in flash appears on the monitors. Refer to the digital cameras instruction manual for details. The photo will be under-exposed if taken before the flash is completely charged. When using the self-timer, confirm the flash is charged before pressing the shutter-release button to start the countdown.
If the subject is closer than 0.5m, use the flash off-camera with a cable.

Page 20

EXPOSURE MODES
The following descriptions are for camera models with A, S and M exposure modes.

M Mode Flash

1. Turn the camera on. 2. Set the M exposure mode on the camera.
Fill-flash is the active flash mode.

A Mode Flash

1. Turn the camera and flash on. 2. Set the A exposure mode on the camera.
3. Set the aperture and shutter speed, and focus on the subject.
When using an SLR film camera, the shutter speed should be set to the flash sync speed or slower. The aperture will affect the flash range. The larger the aperture (the smaller the f number), the greater the range.
3. Set the aperture and focus on the subject.
The aperture will affect the flash range. The larger the aperture (the smaller the f number), the greater the range. The shutter speed is automatically set by the camera.
4. When the flash is charged, press the shutter-release button all the way down to take the picture. FLASH SYNC SPEED
Because of flash duration and focal-plane shutters, there is a limit to the maximum shutter speed that can be used. This maximum speed is known as the flash sync. speed. Sync speeds for specific camera models:

Maxxum/Dynax 9 : Maxxum/Dynax 7, 800si, 700si, 600si : Maxxum XTsi, HTsi, 5 : Dynax 505si, 505si Super, 5 : Maxxum STsi, QTsi, 400si, 300si, 3, 4 : Dynax 500si, 500si Super, 404si, 303si, 300si : Dynax 3L, 3 : 1/300 sec. 1/200 sec. 1/125 sec. 1/125 sec. 1/90 sec. 1/90 sec. 1/90 sec.
4. When the flash is charged, press the shutter-release button all the way down to take the picture.

S Mode Flash

1. Turn the camera on. 2. Set the S exposure mode on the camera.
3. Set the shutter speed, and focus on the subject.
When using an SLR film camera, the shutter speed should be set to the flash sync speed or slower. The shutter speed is set automatically with the Dynax 500si, 500siSuper, and Maxxum 400si.
All shutter speeds can be set with DiMAGE series digital cameras.

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BOUNCE FLASH
Direct flash illumination can cause harsh shadows on the subject and background. Bounce flash reflects the light from the ceiling to create soft diffuse illumination.

ADVANCED OPERATION

The section describes advanced flash photography techniques and accessories.
Bounce flash Normal flash

Page 24

Tilt the flash towards the ceiling.
The flash has a click stop at 60. The bounce head can be set in any position between 0 and 90.
Adjusting the Bounce Angle
The angle of the bounce head is important. If the bounce angle is too low, the subject will be illuminated by both directly with the flash and indirectly with the reflected light from the ceiling resulting in a harsh and unevenly lit photograph. Determine the bounce angle in reference to the distance to the reflective surface, the distance from the camera to the subject, and the angle of view of the lens.
With bounce flash, using ADI metering can result in incorrect exposure. Set the flash metering-mode switch to TTL. Use a white ceiling or wall to reflect the flash. The color of a surface will affect the color of the flash illumination. High ceilings or highly reflective surfaces such as glass are not suitable for bounce flash.

Correct

Incorrect
Determine the angle in relation to the table at right.
Focal length of lens 70mm minimum 28~70mm 28mm maximum

Bounce angle 75, 90

Page 26

AF ILLUMINATOR

In low-light or when subject contrast is low, the autofocus system may not be able to focus. In these conditions, the flashs AF illuminator will active to aid the AF system when the shutterrelease button is pressed partway down.

OFF-CAMERA CABLES

The use of the optional off-camera cables allows the flash unit to be placed to the left or right of the subject to create attractive side lighting. Up to four flash units can be connected.
The cameras AF illuminator is disabled when the flash AF illuminator is in use. The AF illuminator is disabled when using the continuous AF mode. The AF illuminator may not operate with lenses with focal lengths greater than 300mm. The illuminator is disabled when the flash is used off-camera, or with the AF macro-zoom 3X-1X lens. The AF illuminator may not operate when the flash is used with the DiMAGE series digital cameras.
The off-camera cable allows the flash to be used from any position. The extension cable further extends of the distance of the flash from the camera. The cable CD and triple connector TC-1000 allows photography with multiple flash units.
AF ILLUMINATOR OFF-CAMERA CABLES
The following off-camera accessories are available: Off-camera cable Off-camera shoe Extension cable Cable CD Triple connector TC-1000

Page 28

OFF-CAMERA CABLES Flash-Ratio Control (varying the intensity of individual flash)
When using this flash with other accessory flash units*, a 2:1 flash ratio can be used. The flash ratio controls the relative power of two flash units. The 2:1 ratio indicates the output difference between the main light and fill light; the fill light controls the depth of the shadows. *5600HS (D), 5400HS, 5400xi, 5200i
The flash ratio cannot be set with this flash. The ratio must be set with the compatible accessory flash unit. See the flash manual for details. Ratio control cannot be used with the DiMAGE series digital cameras and Maxxum/Dynax 300si. The use of this function may result in incorrect exposures.

APPENDIX

Page 30
COMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER PRODUCTS
Have your camera manual as reference when reading this flash manual.

Using APS SLR Cameras

(Vectis S-1)
Flash is set to autoflash in the P exposure mode. Fill flash can be selected with the flash-mode button on the camera. The shutter speed is set automatically in the S exposure mode. The flash coverage with APS cameras is sufficient for lenses with a focal length of 22mm or longer.
Using xi Series SLR Cameras
(Maxxum/Dynax 9xi, 7xi, 5xi, 3xi, SPxi, 2xi)
Flash is set to autoflash in the P exposure mode with the 9xi, 7xi, 5xi and 3xi. Fill flash can be selected. See the camera manual for details. Flash is set to autoflash in the P exposure mode with the SPxi and 2xi. Fill flash cannot be selected. The shutter speed is set automatically in the S exposure mode with the 7xi, 5xi, 3xi, SPxi, and 2xi.

Using Dimge RD3000 and RD-175 Digital Cameras
Flash is set to autoflash in the P exposure mode. Fill flash is used when a photo is taken while the manual fill-flash button on the camera is pressed. The shutter speed is set automatically in the S exposure mode.
Using i Series SLR Cameras
(Maxxum/Dynax 8000i, 7000i, 5000i, 3000i)
Flash is set to autoflash in the P exposure mode. Fill flash can be selected with the 8000i. See the camera manual for details. Flash is set to autoflash in the S exposure mode, and the shutter speed is set automatically. The use of ratio flash control will result in incorrect exposures when used with the 5000i and 3000i.
Using Early AF Series SLR Cameras
The optional flash shoe adapter FS-1200 is required. See the FS1200 manual for details.

COMPATIBILITY

(Maxxum/Minolta 9000, 7000, 5000)

Page 32

CAUTIONS WHILE HANDLING

During Photography

This flash unit has an intense light output and should not be fired directly in front of anyone's eyes. To prevent condensation from forming, place the flash in a sealed plastic bag when bringing it from a cold environment to a warm one. Allow it to come to room temperature before removing it from the bag. Battery capacity decreases at colder temperatures. Keep your flash and spare batteries in a warm inside pocket when shooting in cold weather. Batteries will regain some of their capacity when warmed to normal operating temperatures. This flash unit is not waterproof. Care should be taken not to expose the unit to water. Care should be taken when used on a beach or near water. Exposure to water, sand, dust, or salt may damage the product.

Batteries

Do not store the flash unit with the alkaline batteries inside. Leakage from the batteries may damage the battery chamber. When using alkaline batteries, temperature and storage conditions can affect performance and may require more than 30 seconds for the flash to charge. Battery performance can be restored by using the flash a few times or turning the flash unit on and off several times. Replace the battery if performance does not improve. If lithium batteries become hot due to high temperatures or repeated use, an internal safety circuit shuts them down. Wait until the batteries cool before using the flash again. Nickel-metal hydride batteries can lose power suddenly. If battery performance drops while using the batteries, recharge them. Depending on the time elapsed since the battery was manufactured, the flash performance for new batteries may differ from the values shown in the technical specification section.

Maintenance

Clean by wiping with a soft, clean cloth. If the flash has been in contact with sand, wiping will cause surface damage. Gently remove sand particles using a blower before wiping. Do not use organic solvents (paint thinners or benzene) to clean the product.

Questions and Service Temperature
Flash unit operating temperature: 20C to 50C, 4F to 122F. Do not leave the flash unit exposed extremely high temperatures (eg. direct sunlight inside motor vehicles), or in conditions of high humidity. If you have questions about your flash, contact your local camera dealer or write to the Konica Minolta distributor in your area. Before shipping your flash for repair, please contact an authorized Konica Minolta Service Facility for instructions.

CAUTIONS

Page 34

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Guide number Recycling time (sec.) Number of flashes 25 (in meters at ISO 100), 82 (in feet at ISO 100) Alkaline 0.2 - 6 Alkaline 200 - 4000 Ni-MH 0.2 - 5 Ni-MH 200 - 4000 Lithium 0.2 - 6 Lithium 500 - 10000
For every new battery set.

Flash coverage

Equal to a 28mm focal length lens
Continuous flash 30 continuous cycles of 3 flashes per second (GN 2.8, Nickel-metal hydride battery) performance AF illuminator LED. Automatic with low-contrast subjects or under low-light conditions Approximate operating range (with Maxxum/Dynax 7) AF mid 1 area: 1 - 5m (50mm lens) Flash control using pre-flash, TTL direct metering TECHNICAL SPESIFICATIONS 65 (W) x 115 (H) x 69 (D) mm 190g (without batteries) This mark below the flashtube certifies that this product meets the requirements of the EU (European Union) concerning interference causing equipment regulations. CE stands for conformit Europenne (European conformity).
Flash control Size Weight
Specifications are based on the latest information available at the time of printing and are subject to change without notice.

Page 36

2004 Konica Minolta Photo Imaging, Inc. under the Berne Convention and universal Copyright Convention

9222-8845-11

P-C404