CAUTION

Do not point a photographic lens directly at the sun. If sunlight is focused on an inflammable surface, a fire may result. Replace the lens cap when the lens is not in use. Do not use or store these products in a hot or humid environment such as the glove compartment or trunk of a car. It may damage the camera, charger, and battery which may result in burns or injuries caused by heat, fire, explosion, or leaking battery fluid. If the battery is leaking, discontinue use of the product. The camera, charger, and battery temperature rises with extended periods of use. Care should be taken to avoid burns. Burns may result if the memory card or battery is removed immediately after extended periods of use. Turn the camera off and wait for it to cool. Do not fire the flash while it is in contact with people or objects. The flash unit discharges a large amount of energy which may cause burns. Do not apply pressure to the LCD monitor. A damaged monitor may cause injury, and the liquid from the monitor may cause inflammation. If liquid from the monitor makes contact with skin, wash the area with fresh water. If liquid from the monitor comes in contact with the eyes, immediately rinse the eyes with plenty of water and contact a doctor. When using the AC adapter and charger, insert the plug securely into the electrical outlet. Do not use electronic transformers or travel adapters with the charger. The use of these devices may cause a fire or damage the product. Do not use if the AC adapter or charger cord is damaged. Do not cover the AC adapter or charger. A fire may result. Do not obstruct access to the AC adapter or charger; this can hinder the unplugging of the units in emergencies. Unplug the AC adapter or charger when cleaning or not in use.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Quick start check list....2 Before you begin....3 For proper and safe use....4 Names of parts....14 Camera body...14 Recording mode display...16 Viewfinder...17 Getting up and running...18 Attaching and removing a lens...18 Attaching the camera strap...19 Diopter adjustment....19 Charging the battery....20 Installing and changing the battery...21 Turning on the camera...22 AC Adapter AC-11 (sold separately)..22 Battery condition indicator...23 Auto power save...23 Inserting and changing a memory card...24 Setting the date and time...26 Basic recording....27 Setting the camera to record images automatically..27 Handling the camera...27 Basic recording display....27 Basic recording operation...28 Focus signals....29 Special focusing situations....29 Focus lock....30 Camera-shake warning....30 Using the built-in flash....31 Anti-Shake system....32 Display button....33 Basic playback....34 Viewing images....34 Rotating images...34

8 TABLE

OF CONTENTS
Histogram display...35 Deleting single images...36 Changing the playback display...37 Enlarged playback....38 Advanced recording...39 Exposure-mode dial....39 Digital Subject Programs...40 Auto Recording....41 Program - P....41 Aperture priority - A....42 Shutter priority - S...42 Exposure control range warnings...43 Manual exposure - M...44 Bulb exposures....45 Exposure lock - AEL button...46 Slow sync....47 Spot AF button....47 Exposure compensation...48 Depth-of-field preview....49 AF / MF switch....49 Drive modes....50 Continuous-advance notes...51 Self-timer notes...51 Exposure bracketing notes...52 White-balance bracketing notes...53 Camera sensitivity (ISO) and Zone Matching...54 Camera sensitivity and flash range...55 Function button....56 AF area....57 AF modes....58 Metering modes...59 Flash compensation...60 Color mode....61 Digital Effects Control (DEC)...63
White balance....64 Auto white balance...64 Preset white balance...65 Custom white balance...66 Color temperature...67 A short guide to photography....68 Light sources and color....69 What is an Ev?....69 Recording menu....70 Navigating the recording menu...70 Image size and image quality...72 Instant playback...74 Noise reduction....74 Flash modes....75 Wireless/Remote flash....76 Wireless/Remote camera and flash ranges..78 Flash control....79 Bracketing order...80 Recording mode reset....80 About DiMAGE Master....81 Playback menu....82 Navigating the playback menu...82 Frame-selection screen....83 Delete....84 Format.....85 View folder....85 Lock....86 Index playback format....87 Slide Show....88 About DPOF....88 DPOF setup....89 Date imprint....90 Index print...90 Cancel print....90 Opening the custom & setup menus...91

10 TABLE

Custom menu.....92 AF / Shutter release priority setup...93 Focus-hold button setup...94 AEL button setup....94 Control-dial setup...95 Exposure-compensation setup...95 AF illuminator....96 Card shutter lock....96 Lens shutter lock....96 AF area setup....97 Monitor display setup...97 Recording display setup...97 Playback display setup...97 Setup menu....98 LCD brightness...100 Transfer mode....100 Video output....101 Viewing images on a television...101 Audio signals....102 Language....102 Date and time setup...103 File number (#) memory...103 Folder name....104 Select folder....104 New folder....105 LCD backlight....105 Auto power save...105 Menu section memory....106 Delete confirmation...106 Clean CCD....106 Reset default....108 Accessory notes....110 Lens compatibility....110 Lens shadowing....110 Focal-length conversion...110

BASIC PLAYBACK

Images can be viewed in the playback mode. This section covers the basic playback functions. The playback mode has additional menu functions, see page 82.

VIEWING IMAGES

Press the playback button to activate the playback mode. To return to the recording mode, press the playback button or the shutter-release button.
The left/right keys of the controller and the control dial display the recorded images.
Image size (p. 72) Image quality (p. 72)
Time of recording Date of recording
Folder - file number (p. 102) Frame number / total number of images

ROTATING IMAGES

Press the down key of the controller to rotate a displayed image 90 left, 90 right, or horizontally.

PLAYBACK

HISTOGRAM DISPLAY
To view the histogram of the displayed image, press the up key. Press the down key to return to single-frame playback.
Image size (p. 72) Image quality (p. 72) Shutter speed Aperture Exposure mode (p. 39) Camera sensitivity (ISO) (p. 54) Histogram Focal length Exposure compensation (p. 48)
10. Flash compensation (p. 60) 11. White-balance mode (p. 64) 12. Metering mode (p. 59) 13. Anti-Shake 14. Folder name - file number (p. 120) 15. Date of recording 16. Frame number / Total number of images
The dark area of the histogram shows the luminance distribution of the recorded image from black (left) to white (right). Each one of the 256 vertical lines indicates the relative proportion of that light value in the image. The histogram can be used to evaluate exposure and contrast, but displays no color information. Luminance limit display Areas of the image approaching the shadow and highlight luminance limit are indicated in the image thumbnail. The portions of the image which levels are close to 0 and 255 flash.

DELETING SINGLE IMAGES

The displayed image can be deleted. Once deleted, an image cannot be recovered. To delete a displayed image, press the delete button; a confirmation screen opens. Use the left/right keys to highlight Yes. No cancels the operation. Press the controller to execute the command on the confirmation screen. The camera returns to playback mode.

Delete this frame?

Yes No
The camera can play back images on a television set. See page 101 on how to connect the camera to a TV with the supplied video cable.
CHANGING THE PLAYBACK DISPLAY
The display button controls the display format. Each time the button is pressed, the display cycles through to the next format: full display, image only, index playback. The index display can be changed in section 1 of the playback menu.

Full display

Image only Index playback
In index playback, the four-way keys of the controller move the yellow border to the adjacent image. When the image is highlighted with the border, the date of recording, the lock and printing status, and the frame number of the image are displayed at the bottom of the screen. The highlighted image can be deleted using the delete button (p. 36). When the display button is pressed again, the highlighted image is displayed in the single-frame playback mode. A four, nine, and sixteen image index can be displayed as well as a file browser. The index-playback format can be changed in section 1 of the playback menu (p. 82, 87).

ENLARGED PLAYBACK

An image can be enlarged for closer examination. The maximum magnification depends on image size from 2.4X for small images to 4.7X for large images. Press the enlarge button to activate enlarged playback. Enlarge button Reduce button The controllers four-way keys scroll the magnified area. The front control dial browses through the images.
The controllers four-way keys scrolls the magnified area. The locator (1) indicates the portion of the image displayed. The enlarge and reduce buttons change the magnification.

:browse area

Press the central button of the controller to switch between displaying the entire image area and the magnified image.
The magnification area (2) shows the portion of the image enlarged. The controllers four-way keys moves the magnification area. The enlarge and reduce buttons change the size of the area. Press the playback button to cancel enlarged playback.

PROGRAM - P

Program exposure is set with the exposure-mode dial (p. 39). Like auto recording, program controls both the shutter speed and aperture required for each exposure. The operation is the same as described in the basic recording operation section on page 28. However, unlike auto recording, functions set in this mode do not reset when the position of the exposure-mode dial is changed. The default camera sensitivity for program is ISO 100. Program shift allows adjustment to the shutter-speed/aperture combination in 1/3 Ev increments without affecting the total exposure. Using the built-in flash cancels program shift. Press the shutter-release button partway down until the shutter speed and aperture are displayed. Turn the control dial (1) to shift the shutter speed and aperture combination; PS is displayed for the exposure mode. Program shift can be changed between aperture and shutter priority in section 1 of the custom menu (p. 92, 95).

Program shift

APERTURE PRIORITY - A
Aperture priority is set with the exposure-mode dial (p. 39). The photographer selects the aperture and the camera sets the appropriate shutter speed to ensure correct exposure. Turn the control dial (1) to adjust the aperture in 1/3 Ev increments. The aperture range depends on the lens. The aperture is displayed on the monitor and in the viewfinder. Pressing the shutter-release button partway down displays the corresponding shutter speed. With the camera sensitivity (ISO) set to auto, the shutter speed may not change when the aperture is adjusted because the shutter speeds can change in fine steps. Press the shutter-release button all the way down to take the picture. For information on -numbers, see page 55.

SHUTTER PRIORITY - S

Shutter priority is set with the exposure-mode dial (p. 39). The photographer selects the shutter speed and the camera sets the appropriate aperture to ensure correct exposure. Turn the control dial (1) to adjust the shutter speed between 30 and 1/4000 second in 1/3 Ev increments. The shutter speed is displayed on the monitor and in the viewfinder. Pressing the shutter-release button partway down displays the corresponding aperture. Press the shutter-release button all the way down to take the picture.

AEL indicator Ev scale

While the exposure is locked, the camera meter is still active. The viewfinder and monitor Ev scale shows the difference between the locked exposure and the current light level measured with the meter. Spot metering is used. When the monitor and viewfinder Ev scale indicates 0, the locked exposure shown in the shutter-speed and aperture displays is the same as the exposure determined by the spot-metering area.
The metered area is 1.0Ev less () than the locked exposure. The arrow indicates the metered exposure is 2.3Ev more (+) or less () than the locked exposure. The blinking arrow indicates the metered exposure is 2.7Ev or greater than the locked exposure.

SLOW SYNC.

When using flash, pressing the AEL button activates the slow-sync. function; slow sync. is not available in S and M exposure modes. Slow sync. balances the ambient light exposure with the flash exposure so the background is recorded with the subject. When the AEL button is pressed and held, the ambient light exposure is determined and the flash exposure is based on the locked aperture setting. The use of a tripod is recommended with slow-sync. exposures.

SPOT-AF BUTTON

Spot AF can be used at any time. With the spot AF area placed on the subject, press and hold the central button of the controller to focus (1). The viewfinder focus signal confirms focus and the spot AF indicator (2) is displayed on the monitor. Pressing and holding the four-way controller key activates and locks focus with the wide focus area. Compose the image in the viewfinder and press the shutter-release button all the way down to take the picture. Focus remains locked after the picture is taken until the central controller button is released. Spot AF area Focus signal

EXPOSURE COMPENSATION

When using auto recording, P, A, and S exposure modes or a digital subject program, the exposure can be compensated. To compensate the ambient exposure, press and hold the exposure-compensation button and turn the control dial; the degree of compensation is displayed on the monitor and viewfinder Ev scales.
The exposure is compensated by -1.0Ev. After the setting is made, the shutter-speed and aperture displays indicate the actual exposure. Because exposure compensation uses 0.3Ev increments, lens apertures may not be displayed correctly. Sometimes the cameras exposure meter is deceived by high key or low key subjects. In the example below, the dark water caused the camera to overexpose the image making it bright and washed-out. By compensating the exposure, detail is brought out in the leaves, and the stones and water appear richer.

Metered camera exposure

DEPTH-OF-FIELD PREVIEW
The aperture controls depth of field; the area in front of the camera that appears in focus. The smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field. Depth-of-field preview sets the lens aperture to the setting used in the exposure so the affect of depth of field can be seen in the viewfinder. Press the shutter-release button partway down to lock the focus and exposure. Press the depth-of-field preview button to stop down the aperture.

Preset white balance Daylight
Use the left/right controller keys or control dial to select the white-balance setting. The up/down controller keys shift the whitebalance, see below. Press the central controller button to complete the operation.
The up/down controller keys adjust the white balance in seven levels: +3 to 3 (+4 to 2 for fluorescent). Except for fluorescent, the change of one unit is approximately equal to a 10 mired shift. Daylight - for outdoor sunlit subjects. Shade - for subjects illuminated by skylight: shady conditions on a clear day. Cloudy - for cloudy or overcast outdoor conditions. Tungsten - for incandescent lighting: household filament light bulbs. Fluorescent - for fluorescent lighting: office ceiling lights. Flash - for electronic flash. For more information on light sources, see page 69.

CUSTOM WHITE BALANCE

Custom-white-balance function allows the camera to be calibrated to a specific lighting condition. With the white balance dial in the custom position, press the whitebalance button to open the setting screen.

Custom white balance

Use spot metering area. Press shutter to calibrate.
A guidance message appears. If the shutter-release button is pressed partway down, the monitor display returns. The red custom set indicator is displayed in the white-balance panel. Turn the white-balance dial to another position to cancel the routine.
Fill the spot metering area with a white or neutral object; the object does not need to be in focus. Press the shutter-release button all the way down to calibrate the camera.
An image of the reference target is displayed. Press the central button of the controller to complete the operation.
A calibration error may occur under extremely bright light sources, especially with flash units. If an error occurs, a message appears on the monitor and the white-balance indicator is yellow. Repeat the procedure by recalibrating using a gray card as a reference target to reduce the intensity of the illumination.

COLOR TEMPERATURE

White balance can be set to a known color temperature of a light source or set to the color temperature determined by a color meter. With the white balance dial in the color temperature (K) position, press the whitebalance button to open the setting screen.

Color temperature

Use the left/right controller keys or control dial to select among thousand K, hundred K, and magenta/green compensation. Use the up/down controller keys to adjust the value.
Color temperature Magenta/Green compensation
Press the central controller button to complete the operation.

FORMAT

When a memory card is formatted, all data on the card is erased. The formatting function in section 1 of the playback menu is used to erase all data on a memory card. Before formatting a card, copy the data to a computer or storage device. Locking files will not protect them from being deleted when the card is formatted. Always format the memory card using the camera; never use a computer to format a card. When the format option is selected and entered, a confirmation screen appears. Choosing Yes formats the card, choosing No cancels the operation. Never remove the card while it is being formatted. A screen appears to indicate the card has been formatted.

VIEW FOLDER

Only the images in the folders specified with the view-folder option in section 1 of the playback menu (p. 82) can be viewed or edited in playback. Two options are available: All folders - to view and edit all images on the memory card. Single folder - to view and edit images in a specific folder. The folder is selected in the folder-name option below the view-folder option.
Delete Format View folder Folder name Lock Index format Single folder 100KMframes
For more on memory card organization, see page 120. Folders can be created and selected in section 2 of the setup menu (p. 104, 105).
Single, multiple, or all images on the memory card or in a folder specified with the view-folder option can be locked. A locked image cannot be deleted by either the playback menu functions or the delete button. Important images should be locked. Images are locked in section 1 of the playback menu (p. 82). The lock has five options: Marked frames - to lock or unlock multiple images. When this is chosen, the frameselection screen (p. 83) is displayed. Use the left/right keys of the controller to highlight the image to be locked. Pressing the up key marks the thumbnail with the lock indicator. To unlock an image, highlight it with the yellow border and press the down key; the lock indicator disappears. Continue until all the images are marked. Press the controller to lock the marked frames, or press the menu button to cancel the operation and return to the playback menu. All in folder - to lock images in a single folder specified by the view-folder option. All on card - all images on the memory card are locked. Unlock folder - to unlock images in a single folder specified by the view-folder option. Unlock card - all images on the memory card are unlocked. Locking an image protects it from a delete function. However, the formatting function erase all files on a memory card whether locked or not. Locked images are indicated in the playback displays.

INDEX PRINT

To create an index print of all the images in the folder, set the option on. To cancel an index print, simply change the setting to off. If an index-print order is created, any additional images saved afterwards in the folder are not included in the index print. The number of images printed per sheet differs between printers. The information printed with the thumbnails can vary.

CANCEL PRINT

After the pictures have been printed, the DPOF file remains on the memory card and must be canceled manually. The cancel-print option in section 2 of the playback menu deletes the DPOF files. When the setting is selected, a confirmation screen appears; choosing and entering Yes executes the operation and cancels the print and index-print order. Two options are available: All frames C - To cancel all printing files on the memory card. All frames F - To cancel the printing file in the folder specified by the view-folder option.
OPENING THE CUSTOM & SETUP MENUS
The custom and setup menus can be accessed from both the recording and playback modes. The buttons in the top right corner of the menus are links to the other camera menus. See page 92 for information on the custom menu and page 98 for the setup menu. Setup menu Custom menu
Open the menu and use the left/right keys of the controller to highlight the custom or setup buttons. Press the central button to display the menu. Repeat the procedure to return to the original or different menu or press the menu button to close the menu.
Image size Quality Inst.Playback Noise reductn
L: 3008x2000 Fine 2 sec. On

CUSTOM MENU

The custom menu controls operation preferences. See page 91 on how to open the custom menu. Use the left/right keys of the controller to highlight the appropriate menu tab; the menus change as the tabs are highlighted. When the required menu section is displayed, use the up/down key to scroll through the menu options. Highlight the option whose setting needs to be changed. Press the right controller key to display the settings; the current setting is indicated by an arrow. To return to the menu options, press the left key.
Use the up/down key to highlight the new setting.
Press the central button of the controller to select the highlighted setting. Once a setting has been selected, the cursor returns to the menu options and the new setting is displayed. Changes can continue to be made.
The control dial moves the cursor left and right in the menus.

CUSTOM

Priority setup FocusHoldButt. AEL button Ctrl dial set Exp. comp. set AF illuminator
AF Focus hold AE hold Shutter speed Ambient&flash On

CARD SHUTTER LOCK

The card shutter lock prevents the shutter from releasing when no memory card is inserted in the camera. The shutter lock is turned on and off in section 2 of the custom menu (p. 92).
Shutter lock Shutter lock AF area setup Monitor disp. Rec. display Play. display On: no card On: no lens 0.3s. display Automatic Auto rotate Auto rotate

LENS SHUTTER LOCK

The shutter lock prevents the shutter opening and exposing the CCD to dust when no lens is mounted on the camera. Turn the shutter lock off when attaching the camera to a telescope or microscope. The shutter lock is turned on and off in section 2 of the custom menu (p. 92).

AF AREA SETUP

The spot focus or local AF areas are illuminated when the camera focuses. The illumination period is selected in section 2 of the custom menu (p. 92) between 0.3 seconds and 0.6 seconds. AF area illuminator activation can also be turned off. AF area illuminator

MONITOR DISPLAY SETUP

Automatic and manual monitor display is selected in section 2 of the custom menu (p. 92). The automatic option uses the viewfinder eye sensors to turn the monitor off when using the viewfinder. The manual option requires the monitor to be turned off using the display button (p. 33).

RECORDING DISPLAY SETUP

The auto-rotate and horizontal display is selected in section 2 of the custom menu (p. 92). The auto-rotate option automatically changes the recording display as the camera orientation is moved between horizontal and vertical positions. The horizontal option fixes the display to the horizontal position.

PLAYBACK DISPLAY SETUP

The auto-rotate and manual-rotate options are selected in section 2 of the custom menu (p. 92). The auto-rotate option records camera orientation with the image file so that it is displayed correctly with the camera and DiMAGE Master Lite. The manual option does not tag images. When the manual option is selected, previously recorded images are not affected and are rotated when played back.

SETUP MENU

The setup menu controls camera operation. See page 91 on how to open the setup menu. Use the left/right keys of the controller to highlight the appropriate menu tab; the menus change as the tabs are highlighted. When the required menu section is displayed, use the up/down key to scroll through the menu options. Highlight the option whose setting needs to be changed. Press the right controller key to display the settings; the current setting is indicated by an arrow. To return to the menu options, press the left key. Use the up/down key to highlight the new setting. If Enter is displayed, press the central button of the controller to continue.

ABOUT THE BATTERY CHARGER CORD
The included AC cord is designed for the current of the sales region. Only use the cord in the region it was purchased.

Region Product code

Continental Europe, Korea, Singapore (220-240V) Great Britain, Hong Kong (220V-240V) United States, Canada, Japan, Taiwan (100V-120V) China (220-240V) Australia (220-240V)
APC-150 APC-160 APC-170 APC-151 APC-230
The External High-Power Battery Pack Kit EPB-100 is not compatible with this camera.

DATA-TRANSFER MODE

Read this section carefully before connecting the camera to a computer. This manual does not cover the basic operation of computers or their operating systems; please refer to the manual supplied with your computer.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

For the camera to be connected directly to the computer and used as a mass-storage device, the computer must be equipped with a USB port as a standard interface. The computer and the operating system must be guaranteed by their manufacturers to support USB interface. The following operating systems are compatible with the camera: Windows 98, 98SE, Me, 2000 Professional, and XP Macintosh OS 9.0 ~ 9.2.2 and Mac OS X 10.1.3 ~ 10.1.5, 10.2.1 ~ 10.2.8, 10.3 ~ 10.3.9, 10.4 ~ 10.4.1 Compatibility with Windows XP is with the home or professional editions only. Check the Konica Minolta web site for the latest compatibility information: North America: http://www.konicaminolta.us/ Europe: http://www.konicaminoltasupport.com Users with Windows 98 or 98 second edition will need to install the driver software on the included Digital Camera Software CD-ROM (p. 116). No special driver software is required for other Windows or Macintosh operating systems. Customers who have bought a previous DiMAGE or Dynax / Maxxum digital camera and have installed the Windows 98 driver software must repeat the installation procedure. The updated version of the driver software included on the supplied Digital Camera Software CD-ROM is required for the operation of the this camera with a computer. The new software will have no affect on the performance of previous cameras. A remote camera driver is supplied in the Windows edition of the Digital Camera Software CD-ROM. This driver is not compatible with this camera.

DATA-TRANSFER

CONNECTING THE CAMERA TO A COMPUTER
A fully charged battery should be used when the camera is connected to a computer. The AC adapter (sold separately) is recommended over the use of batteries. For users with Windows 98, read the section on how to install the necessary driver before connecting the camera to a computer. 1. Confirm the data-transfer option in section 1 of the setup menu is set to Data storage (p. 98). Turn the camera off. 2. Start up the computer. The computer must be on before connecting the camera. 3. Slide the card-slot door toward the back of the camera to release the safety catch and open. Attach the smaller plug of the USB cable to the camera. The plug should be firmly attached. 4. Attach the other end of the USB cable to the computers USB port. The plug should be firmly attached. The camera should be connected directly to the computers USB port. Using a USB hub may prevent proper operation. 5. With a memory card inserted, turn on the camera. A screen appears to indicate the start of the connection process. When the connection is made, the cameras monitors turn off. To change the card while the camera is connected to a computer, see page 124. With the camera properly connected to Windows XP or Mac OS X, a window may open to download image data; follow the instructions in the window. A drive icon, or volume, appears in My Computer or on the desktop; the volume name varies with memory card and operating system. If the volume does not appear, disconnect the camera, restart the computer, and repeat the procedure. My Computer: Windows

1. Stop the USB connection by dragging the drive icon into the trash (p. 123). 2. Turn off the camera. 3. Change the memory card. 4. Turn on the camera to remake the USB connection.
REMOVING THE DRIVER SOFTWARE - WINDOWS
1. Insert a memory card in the camera and connect it to the computer with the USB cable. Other devices must not be connected to the computer during this procedure. 2. Right click on the My-computer icon. Select properties from the drop-down menu. Windows XP: from the start menu go to the control panel. Click on the performance and maintenance category. Click System to open the system properties window. 3. Windows 2000 and XP: select the hardware tab in the properties window and click the device-manager button. Windows 98 and Me: click the device-manager tab in the properties window. 4. The driver file will be located in the universal-serial-bus-controller or other-devices location of the device manager. Click on the locations to display the files. The driver should be indicated with Konica Minolta, the camera name, or USB Mass Storage Device. Under certain conditions, the driver name may not contain these names. However, the driver will be indicated by either a question mark or exclamation point. 5. Click on the driver to select it. 6. Windows 2000 and XP: click on the action button to display the drop-down menu. Select uninstall. A confirmation screen will appear. Clicking Yes will remove the driver from the system. Windows 98 and Me: click the remove button. A confirmation screen will appear. Clicking Yes will remove the driver from the system. 7. Disconnect the USB cable and turn off the camera. Restart the computer.

PICTBRIDGE

Confirm the transfer-mode option in section 1 of the setup menu is set to PTP. Connect the camera to a PictBridge compatible printer using the cameras USB cable. The larger plug on the cable is connected to the printer. Slide the card-slot door toward the back of the camera to release the safety catch and open. Insert the smaller plug of the cable into the camera. Turn the camera on; the PictBridge screen is displayed automatically. Individual still images can be selected for printing on the PictBridge screen; RAW and images with the embedded Adobe RGB color profile (p. 61) are not displayed and cannot be selected. Adobe RGB images without an embedded profile can be selected, but color reproduction may not be accurate because of printer compatibility with the color space. For other printing options, see the menu navigation section on page 128. Use the left/right keys of the controller to display the image to be printed. Press the up key to select the number of copies to be printed. To deselect an image for printing, press the down key until the number of copies reaches zero. A maximum number of fifty images can be printed. Repeat the previous steps until all the images to be printed are selected. Press the central button of the controller to continue.

:move :select :print

Total number of prints Number of copies

PictBridge screen

The display button switches between the single frame and index playback formats on the PictBridge screen. Enlarged playback, activated with the enlarge button (p. 38), can be used to examine image files on the screen.
The number of prints in the print run are displayed as well as the print parameters selected with the menu. See the menu navigation section for more information (p. 128). Press the central button of the controller to begin printing, or press the menu button to return to the PictBridge screen.
No. of prints: Print size: Layout: Print quality: Data print: :start
5 Printer setup Printer setup Printer setup Printer setup
Once printing begins, the operation can be canceled by pressing the center of the controller. The printing-finished message indicates the end of the operation; turn the camera off to end the routine.

Printing finished.

NOTES ON PRINTING ERRORS
If the battery is exhausted before the print run is complete, printing is canceled. Use a fully-charged battery or the optional AC adapter. If a minor problem occurs during printing, such as the paper runs out, follow the procedure recommended for the printer; no action is required for the camera. If a major printer error occurs, press the center of the controller to end the routine. Refer to the printer manual for the correct procedure for the printer problem. Check the printer settings before starting again and deselect the images that were printed.

Printing Notes

Always confirm printer and camera settings before a print run to minimize errors. Setting print parameters with the PictBridge menu (p. 128) avoids having to set up the printer for each printing session, especially if the printer is used for multiple purposes.
NAVIGATING THE PICTBRIDGE MENU
Pressing the menu button opens and closes the menu. The four-way keys of the controller and the control dials move the cursor in the menu. Pressing the central button of the controller enters a setting. The options that can be changed vary with the printer. Activate the menu with the menu button. Tab 1 at the top of the menu is highlighted. Use the left/right keys of the controller to highlight the appropriate menu tab; the menus change as the tabs are highlighted. Use the up/down key to scroll through the menu options. Highlight the option whose setting needs to be changed. With the menu option highlighted, press the right controller key; the settings are displayed with the current setting highlighted. If Start is displayed, press the center of the controller to continue. Use the up/down key to highlight the new setting.

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PROGRAM FLASH MAXXUM FLASH

2500 (D)

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

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FOR PROPER AND SAFE USE
Read and understand all warnings and cautions before using this product. Do not disassemble this product. Electric shock may cause injury if a high voltage circuit inside the product is touched. Immediately remove the batteries and discontinue use if the camera is dropped or subjected to an impact in which the interior, especially the flash unit, is exposed. The flash has a high voltage circuit which may cause an electric shock resulting in injury. The continued use of a damaged product or part may cause injuries. Store this product out of reach of children. Be careful when around children not to harm them with the product or parts. Do not fire the flash directly into the eyes. It may damage eyesight. Do not fire the flash at vehicle operators. It may cause a distraction or temporary blindness which may lead to an accident. Do not expose this product to liquids or operate this product with wet hands. If liquid enters the product, immediately remove the batteries and discontinue use. The continued use of a product exposed to liquids may cause damage or injury through fire or electric shock. Do not use the product near inflammable gases or liquids such as gasoline, benzine, or paint thinner. Do not use inflammable products such as alcohol, benzine, or paint thinner to clean the product. The use of inflammable cleaners and solvents may cause an explosion or fire. If the product emits a strange odor, heat, or smoke, discontinue use. Immediately remove the batteries taking care not to burn yourself, as batteries become hot with use. The continued use of a damaged product or part may cause injuries. Take the product to a Konica Minolta Service Facility when repairs are required.

WARNING

Using batteries improperly can cause them to leak harmful solutions, overheat, or explode which may damage property or cause personal injury. Do not ignore the following warnings. Only use the batteries specified in this instruction manual. Do not install the batteries with the polarity (+/) reversed. Do not use batteries which show wear or damage. Do not expose batteries to fire, high temperatures, water, or moisture. Do not attempt to recharge, short, or disassemble batteries. Do not store batteries near or in metallic products. Do not mix batteries of different types, brands, ages, or charge levels. Do not charge alkaline or lithium batteries. When recharging rechargeable batteries, only use the recommended charger. Do not use leaking batteries. If fluid from the batteries enters your eye, immediately rinse the eye with plenty of fresh water and contact a doctor. If fluid from the batteries makes contact with your skin or clothing, wash the area thoroughly with water. Tape over battery contacts to avoid short-circuiting during disposal; always follow local regulations for battery disposal.

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CAUTION
Do not use or store the product in a hot or humid environment such as the glove compartment or trunk of a car. It may damage the product and batteries which may result in burns or injuries caused by heat, fire, explosion, or leaking battery fluid. If batteries are leaking, discontinue use of the product. Do not fire the flash while it is in contact with people or objects. The flash unit discharges a large amount of energy which may cause burns. Burns may result if the batteries are removed immediately after prolonged or heavy flash use. Wait for the batteries to cool.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Changes or modifications not approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.

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CONTENTS
NAMES OF PARTS...6 BASIC OPERATION INSTALLING BATTERIES...10 GETTING STARTED....12 Mounting the flash..12 Removing the flash...12 Turning the flash on...12 Auto Power Off....12 Metering-mode switch...13 About film use (Maxxum/Dynax cameras)..13 P MODE FLASH: THE BASICS..14 With Maxxum/Dynax series cameras..14 With DiMAGE series digital cameras..17 EXPOSURE MODES...20 A Mode Flash...20 S Mode Flash...20 M Mode Flash....21 Flash Sync Speed..21 ADVANCED OPERATION BOUNCE FLASH...23 AF ILLUMINATOR...26 OFF-CAMERA CABLES..27 Flash-Ratio Control (Varying the intensity of individual flash)..28 APPENDIX COMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER PRODUCTS..30 CAUTIONS WHILE HANDLING..32 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS..34
Thank you for purchasing this Konica Minolta product. Please take time to read through the instruction manual so you may enjoy all the features of your new flash unit. This manual covers the operation of PROGRAM/MAXXUM FLASH 2500HS(D) with the following cameras: Maxxum 9, 7, 800si, 700si, 600si, 400si, 300si, XTsi, HTsi, STsi, QTsi, 3, 4, 5 Dynax 9, 7, 800si, 700si, 600si, 505si, 505si Super, 500si, 500si Super, 404si, 303si, 300si, 3L, 3, 5 DiMAGE A1, A2, Z1, Z2, 7Hi, 7i, 7, 5 When using another Maxxum, Dynax series 35mm camera, a Vectis series APS camera, or a Dimge series digital camera, refer to Compatibility with Other Products section on page 30 while read the main section of this manual. This flash unit is designed and manufactured solely for use with the Konica Minolta Maxxum/Dynax series cameras and DiMAGE series digital cameras. It cannot be attached to other Konica Minolta cameras. Performance when used with cameras from other manufacturers cannot be guaranteed. Konica Minolta takes no responsibility for accidents or malfunctions due to use with those cameras.

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NAMES OF PARTS
Figures in parenthesis refer to the page number of relevant sections.

Flashtube

BASIC OPERATION
Mounting-foot-release button (12) AF illuminator (26) Mounting foot (12) Metering-mode switch (13, 14, 17) Switch up - ADI flash metering Switch down - TTL flash metering
The section covers how to prepare the flash for use as well as the basic flash operation.

Ready lamp (11, 15, 18) Glows steadily when the flash is ready to fire. Blinks when the correct flash exposure was made. Turns off when the flash is charging.
Battery-chamber door (10) Main switch (12) Autoflash lamp (14) Glows to indicate autoflash is active. Turns off when using fillflash.

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INSTALLING BATTERIES

BATTERIES

The 2500 (D) may be powered by : Four AA-size alkaline batteries Four AA-size lithium batteries Four AA-size rechargeable nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) batteries Only charge nickel-metal hydride batteries in an appropriate charger unit. When the flash is charged and ready, the ready lamp at the rear of the unit glows. When the flash charging time exceeds 30 seconds, replace the batteries.
1. Open the battery-chamber door as shown.
2. Insert the batteries as shown in the diagram in the battery chamber.
3. Close the battery-chamber door.

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GETTING STARTED

Mounting the flash

Slide the flash mounting foot firmly into the cameras accessory shoe until it stops.
The flash locks into place automatically. If the cameras built-in flash is up, lower it before mounting the flash unit.

Metering-mode switch

Select the flash metering-mode.
For the Maxxum/Dynax series cameras, ADI flash metering is available with the ADI compatible cameras and D series lenses. Refer to the cameras instruction manual for details. For the DiMAGE series digital cameras, ADI flash metering is available with the ADI compatible digital cameras when the ADI flash metering-mode is set with the recording mode menu. Refer to the cameras instruction manual for details. When using a close-up diffuser, a filter that increases exposure (red 25, neutral density), or bounce flash, set the metering mode to TTL. ADI metering will result in incorrect exposures.

Removing the flash

While pressing the mounting-foot release button (1), slide the flash (2) from the accessory shoe.

Turning the flash on

Slide the main switch to turn the flash on and off.
About film use (Maxxum/Dynax cameras)
Do not use films with a speed in excess of ISO 1000. Exposure errors may result.
The low-speed film limit is the same as specified in the cameras instruction manual. Refer to the instruction manual for details.

Auto Power Off

The flash is turned off automatically to save battery power if the flash is not used for 15 minutes. To restore power, slide the main switch off and on.

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P MODE FLASH: THE BASICS
1. Turn the camera and flash on. 2. Set the P exposure mode on the camera. 3. Select the flash metering mode on the flash. The active metering mode depends on the metering mode selected and the camera in use, see chart below.

Metering-mode switch position ADI flash compatible cameras with a D series lens ADI flash compatible cameras with TTL metering selected with a custom function Cameras incompatible with ADI flash metering ADI TTL ADI TTL metering TTL The photo will be under-exposed if taken before the flash is completely charged. When using the self-timer, confirm the flash is charged before pressing the shutter-release button to start the countdown. Flash metering mode used ADI metering TTL metering With the Maxxum/Dynax 9 and 800si, fill-flash is used when the P mode is selected (autoflash may also be selected as a custom setting with the 800si). With other cameras, autoflash is used with the P mode. Fill-flash can be selected in the same way as the flash mode of the built-in flash on the camera.
5. When the flash is charged, press the shutter-release button all the way down to take the picture.
The flash is charged when the ready lamp on the rear of the unit and the flash-ready lamp in the camera viewfinder are both lit.
If the flash output was sufficient for the exposure:
The ready lamp blinks on the rear of the flash unit. The indicator blinks in the camera viewfinder.
4. Press the shutter-release button partway down.
The autoflash lamp glows to indicate

autoflash is active.

The autoflash lamp does not glow when using fill-flash.

P MODE FLASH

With Maxxum/Dynax series cameras
With the Maxxum/Dynax 7, autoflash is used with full-auto, and fillflash with the P mode.

Page 16

P MODE FLASH: THE BASICS P MODE FLASH
Flash range of the 2500 (D) in meters Aperture 2.5.11 ISO 100 1-9 1-- 4.5 1-- 2.2 ISO - - 12 1-9 1-- 4.5
With DiMAGE series digital cameras
With the DiMAGE A1, A2, Z1, Z2, 7Hi, 7i, 7 and 5, fill-flash is used when the P mode is selected.
1. Turn the camera and flash on. 2. Set the P exposure mode on the camera. 3. Select the flash-metering mode on recording-mode menu and the flash metering mode on the flash. The active metering mode depends on the metering mode selected on recordingmode menu and the flash, see chart below.
Recordring-mode menu setting ADI TTL ADI P-TTL TTL The flash-metering mode can not be selected with the DiMAGE Z1, and Z2 on recording-mode menu. With these digital cameras, always P-TTL metering will be used regardless of the metering-mode switch.

(Continued on next page)

If the subject is closer than 1m, use the flash off-camera with a cable. The flash range is for negative films. When using slide film, underexposure may be apparent at the farther limits of the flash range.

Metering-mode switch position ADI
Flash metering mode used ADI metering P-TTL metering P-TTL metering

Page 18

4. Press the shutter-release button partway down. 5. When the flash is charged, press the shutter-release button all the way down to take the picture.
The flash is charged when the ready lamp on the rear of the unit glows and the flash signal on the monitors turns white. Flash range of the 2500 (D) in meters with the DiMAGE A1 / A2 / Z1 / Z2 / 7Hi / 7i / 7 / 5. Aperture (F) 2.5.11 Camera sensitivity (ISO) AUTO
0.5 - 12 0.5 - 9 0.5 - 6 0.5 - 4.5 0.5 - 3

ISO 100

0.5 - 9 0.5 - 6 0.5 - 4.5 0.5 - 3 0.5 - 2.2

ISO 200

ISO 400
0.5 - 18 0.5 - 12 0.5 - 9 0.5 - 6 0.5 - 4.5

ISO 800

0.5 - 25 0.5 - 18 0.5 - 12 0.5 - 9 0.5 - 6
The ready lamp blinks on the rear of the flash unit. The indicator used with the built-in flash appears on the monitors. Refer to the digital cameras instruction manual for details. The photo will be under-exposed if taken before the flash is completely charged. When using the self-timer, confirm the flash is charged before pressing the shutter-release button to start the countdown.
If the subject is closer than 0.5m, use the flash off-camera with a cable.

Page 20

EXPOSURE MODES
The following descriptions are for camera models with A, S and M exposure modes.

M Mode Flash

1. Turn the camera on. 2. Set the M exposure mode on the camera.
Fill-flash is the active flash mode.

A Mode Flash

1. Turn the camera and flash on. 2. Set the A exposure mode on the camera.
3. Set the aperture and shutter speed, and focus on the subject.
When using an SLR film camera, the shutter speed should be set to the flash sync speed or slower. The aperture will affect the flash range. The larger the aperture (the smaller the f number), the greater the range.
3. Set the aperture and focus on the subject.
The aperture will affect the flash range. The larger the aperture (the smaller the f number), the greater the range. The shutter speed is automatically set by the camera.
4. When the flash is charged, press the shutter-release button all the way down to take the picture. FLASH SYNC SPEED
Because of flash duration and focal-plane shutters, there is a limit to the maximum shutter speed that can be used. This maximum speed is known as the flash sync. speed. Sync speeds for specific camera models:
Maxxum/Dynax 9 : Maxxum/Dynax 7, 800si, 700si, 600si : Maxxum XTsi, HTsi, 5 : Dynax 505si, 505si Super, 5 : Maxxum STsi, QTsi, 400si, 300si, 3, 4 : Dynax 500si, 500si Super, 404si, 303si, 300si : Dynax 3L, 3 : 1/300 sec. 1/200 sec. 1/125 sec. 1/125 sec. 1/90 sec. 1/90 sec. 1/90 sec.

4. When the flash is charged, press the shutter-release button all the way down to take the picture.

S Mode Flash

1. Turn the camera on. 2. Set the S exposure mode on the camera.
3. Set the shutter speed, and focus on the subject.
When using an SLR film camera, the shutter speed should be set to the flash sync speed or slower. The shutter speed is set automatically with the Dynax 500si, 500siSuper, and Maxxum 400si.
All shutter speeds can be set with DiMAGE series digital cameras.

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BOUNCE FLASH
Direct flash illumination can cause harsh shadows on the subject and background. Bounce flash reflects the light from the ceiling to create soft diffuse illumination.

ADVANCED OPERATION

The section describes advanced flash photography techniques and accessories.
Bounce flash Normal flash

Page 24

Tilt the flash towards the ceiling.
The flash has a click stop at 60. The bounce head can be set in any position between 0 and 90.
Adjusting the Bounce Angle
The angle of the bounce head is important. If the bounce angle is too low, the subject will be illuminated by both directly with the flash and indirectly with the reflected light from the ceiling resulting in a harsh and unevenly lit photograph. Determine the bounce angle in reference to the distance to the reflective surface, the distance from the camera to the subject, and the angle of view of the lens.
With bounce flash, using ADI metering can result in incorrect exposure. Set the flash metering-mode switch to TTL. Use a white ceiling or wall to reflect the flash. The color of a surface will affect the color of the flash illumination. High ceilings or highly reflective surfaces such as glass are not suitable for bounce flash.

Correct

Incorrect
Determine the angle in relation to the table at right.
Focal length of lens 70mm minimum 28~70mm 28mm maximum

Bounce angle 75, 90

Page 26

AF ILLUMINATOR

In low-light or when subject contrast is low, the autofocus system may not be able to focus. In these conditions, the flashs AF illuminator will active to aid the AF system when the shutterrelease button is pressed partway down.

OFF-CAMERA CABLES

The use of the optional off-camera cables allows the flash unit to be placed to the left or right of the subject to create attractive side lighting. Up to four flash units can be connected.

The cameras AF illuminator is disabled when the flash AF illuminator is in use. The AF illuminator is disabled when using the continuous AF mode. The AF illuminator may not operate with lenses with focal lengths greater than 300mm. The illuminator is disabled when the flash is used off-camera, or with the AF macro-zoom 3X-1X lens. The AF illuminator may not operate when the flash is used with the DiMAGE series digital cameras.
The off-camera cable allows the flash to be used from any position. The extension cable further extends of the distance of the flash from the camera. The cable CD and triple connector TC-1000 allows photography with multiple flash units.
AF ILLUMINATOR OFF-CAMERA CABLES
The following off-camera accessories are available: Off-camera cable Off-camera shoe Extension cable Cable CD Triple connector TC-1000

Page 28

OFF-CAMERA CABLES Flash-Ratio Control (varying the intensity of individual flash)
When using this flash with other accessory flash units*, a 2:1 flash ratio can be used. The flash ratio controls the relative power of two flash units. The 2:1 ratio indicates the output difference between the main light and fill light; the fill light controls the depth of the shadows. *5600HS (D), 5400HS, 5400xi, 5200i
The flash ratio cannot be set with this flash. The ratio must be set with the compatible accessory flash unit. See the flash manual for details. Ratio control cannot be used with the DiMAGE series digital cameras and Maxxum/Dynax 300si. The use of this function may result in incorrect exposures.

APPENDIX

Page 30
COMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER PRODUCTS
Have your camera manual as reference when reading this flash manual.

Using APS SLR Cameras

(Vectis S-1)
Flash is set to autoflash in the P exposure mode. Fill flash can be selected with the flash-mode button on the camera. The shutter speed is set automatically in the S exposure mode. The flash coverage with APS cameras is sufficient for lenses with a focal length of 22mm or longer.
Using xi Series SLR Cameras
(Maxxum/Dynax 9xi, 7xi, 5xi, 3xi, SPxi, 2xi)
Flash is set to autoflash in the P exposure mode with the 9xi, 7xi, 5xi and 3xi. Fill flash can be selected. See the camera manual for details. Flash is set to autoflash in the P exposure mode with the SPxi and 2xi. Fill flash cannot be selected. The shutter speed is set automatically in the S exposure mode with the 7xi, 5xi, 3xi, SPxi, and 2xi.
Using Dimge RD3000 and RD-175 Digital Cameras
Flash is set to autoflash in the P exposure mode. Fill flash is used when a photo is taken while the manual fill-flash button on the camera is pressed. The shutter speed is set automatically in the S exposure mode.
Using i Series SLR Cameras

(Maxxum/Dynax 8000i, 7000i, 5000i, 3000i)
Flash is set to autoflash in the P exposure mode. Fill flash can be selected with the 8000i. See the camera manual for details. Flash is set to autoflash in the S exposure mode, and the shutter speed is set automatically. The use of ratio flash control will result in incorrect exposures when used with the 5000i and 3000i.
Using Early AF Series SLR Cameras
The optional flash shoe adapter FS-1200 is required. See the FS1200 manual for details.

COMPATIBILITY

(Maxxum/Minolta 9000, 7000, 5000)

Page 32

CAUTIONS WHILE HANDLING

During Photography

This flash unit has an intense light output and should not be fired directly in front of anyone's eyes. To prevent condensation from forming, place the flash in a sealed plastic bag when bringing it from a cold environment to a warm one. Allow it to come to room temperature before removing it from the bag. Battery capacity decreases at colder temperatures. Keep your flash and spare batteries in a warm inside pocket when shooting in cold weather. Batteries will regain some of their capacity when warmed to normal operating temperatures. This flash unit is not waterproof. Care should be taken not to expose the unit to water. Care should be taken when used on a beach or near water. Exposure to water, sand, dust, or salt may damage the product.

Batteries

Do not store the flash unit with the alkaline batteries inside. Leakage from the batteries may damage the battery chamber. When using alkaline batteries, temperature and storage conditions can affect performance and may require more than 30 seconds for the flash to charge. Battery performance can be restored by using the flash a few times or turning the flash unit on and off several times. Replace the battery if performance does not improve. If lithium batteries become hot due to high temperatures or repeated use, an internal safety circuit shuts them down. Wait until the batteries cool before using the flash again. Nickel-metal hydride batteries can lose power suddenly. If battery performance drops while using the batteries, recharge them. Depending on the time elapsed since the battery was manufactured, the flash performance for new batteries may differ from the values shown in the technical specification section.

Maintenance

Clean by wiping with a soft, clean cloth. If the flash has been in contact with sand, wiping will cause surface damage. Gently remove sand particles using a blower before wiping. Do not use organic solvents (paint thinners or benzene) to clean the product.
Questions and Service Temperature
Flash unit operating temperature: 20C to 50C, 4F to 122F. Do not leave the flash unit exposed extremely high temperatures (eg. direct sunlight inside motor vehicles), or in conditions of high humidity. If you have questions about your flash, contact your local camera dealer or write to the Konica Minolta distributor in your area. Before shipping your flash for repair, please contact an authorized Konica Minolta Service Facility for instructions.

CAUTIONS

Page 34

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Guide number Recycling time (sec.) Number of flashes 25 (in meters at ISO 100), 82 (in feet at ISO 100) Alkaline 0.2 - 6 Alkaline 200 - 4000 Ni-MH 0.2 - 5 Ni-MH 200 - 4000 Lithium 0.2 - 6 Lithium 500 - 10000
For every new battery set.

Flash coverage

Equal to a 28mm focal length lens
Continuous flash 30 continuous cycles of 3 flashes per second (GN 2.8, Nickel-metal hydride battery) performance AF illuminator LED. Automatic with low-contrast subjects or under low-light conditions Approximate operating range (with Maxxum/Dynax 7) AF mid 1 area: 1 - 5m (50mm lens) Flash control using pre-flash, TTL direct metering TECHNICAL SPESIFICATIONS 65 (W) x 115 (H) x 69 (D) mm 190g (without batteries) This mark below the flashtube certifies that this product meets the requirements of the EU (European Union) concerning interference causing equipment regulations. CE stands for conformit Europenne (European conformity).
Flash control Size Weight
Specifications are based on the latest information available at the time of printing and are subject to change without notice.

Page 36

2004 Konica Minolta Photo Imaging, Inc. under the Berne Convention and universal Copyright Convention

9222-8845-11

P-C404