3 A quarry was conducted to eliminate areas of vegetation, roadway, and watershed layers that fell outside of the Los Padres National Forest boundary. A second quarry eliminated all vegetation polygons (single vegetation types) that were not of sufficient size to contain the research design (minimum of 150 hectares of a single vegetation type, from which 25 onehectare plots could be randomly chosen). Within each of these communities 25 one-hectare plots were randomly selected in order to maintain a minimal sample size (n) required to run an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and other statistical analyses with power. Finally mixed hardwood and riparian corridors located mainly along the Trout Creek watershed were isolated. Communities were identified and defined using California Vegetation (Holland and Keil, 1995). Once identified, the two communitys vegetative composition was ground-truthed for accuracy against the GIS shape-files. Global Positioning System (GPS) waypoints were taken at the intersection of roads and county sections occurring in the two plant communities within the Hi Mountain area. Each county section is approximately one square mile and can fit 256 onehectare plots. Based on this information a one-hectare grid was overlaid onto each confirmed county section. By placing the grid on a known point (based on collected GPS data above) the center of each prospective plot could be calculated through simple addition and subtraction of decimal degrees in 100 meter increments. Plots whose centers fell within 150 meters of a road were eliminated, as were those plots that straddled another vegetative community. The remaining viable plot centers were then entered into a handheld GPS unit as a unique waypoint. Plots were further assessed for potential workability (slope angle, accessibility, etc) by physically visiting each of their centers. Plots found to be too steep to safely survey and/or those too distant to
4 realistically access were eliminated from the pool of candidates. Plots were not eliminated based on vegetative characteristics (i.e. extremely dense chaparral, poison oak, etc.) From the remaining pool of viable plots, 50 plots were randomly chosen within each community. The centers of the first 25 plots were surveyed and flagged. If a plot was ultimately found unsuitable for a survey it was discarded and the next plot on the list (#26) would be added until 25 plots were successfully surveyed. A list of plot names and GPS coordinates can be found in Table 1.
Avian Field Methods Point count methods used in this study roughly follow those suggested by Ralph 1993. Point counts were conducted from the center of each of the fifty one-hectare plots (twenty-five oak woodland plots and twenty-five riparian plots). Each point was surveyed once in the breeding season between May 25 and June 3 (Table 2). Data was collected between 15 minutes after local sunrise and 1000 hours and recorded in a field notebook. Within this time period bird activity is relatively uniform and allows for good detection probability thus eliminating the bias from the highly active dawn chorus period and the significant drop off in activity that begins late morning and continues until late afternoon. Counts were done during favorable weather that did not reduce bird detectability. Plot centers were approached with minimal disturbance and counts began immediately upon reaching the center point and continued for five minutes. Individuals were separated as being detected during or after the first three minutes for comparison with the North American Breeding Bird Survey. Every individual detected from the point was tallied by species and whether it was within a fifty-meter radius of the point or outside the fifty-meter radius of the point (Table 3). Bird species that were detected flying over the hundred-meter

Results The average diversity index for the plots was higher in the oak woodland then in the riparian community, 3.40 and 3.21 respectively (Table 4). This was true only when considering all detections from the plot center. When considering only detections within 50 meters of the plot center and excluding flyovers the average diversity index was greater in the riparian plots then in the oak woodland, 2.66 and 2.14 respectively. An ANOVA between the two communities using data from all detections from the plot center revealed a F-value of 3.49 with an associated p-value of 0.068 thus accepting the null hypothesis that the avian diversity in the oak woodland and riparian plots is equal (Table 5). Computing the same ANOVA but including only detections within 50 meters excluding flyovers produced a F-value of 8.19 and a p-value of 0.006. In this case the null hypothesis is rejected in favor of the alternate hypothesis that the avian diversity in the oak woodland and riparian plots is not equal. When considering only detections within 50 meters and excluding flyovers there is a significant difference between avian diversity in oak woodland and riparian plots with the riparian plots having the highest level of diversity. The average diversity index for the plots using Messers data was higher in the oak woodland than in the riparian community (Table 6). An ANOVA of Messers data using all
7 detections from the plot center produced a F-value of 7.95 and a p-value of 0.007 (Table 5). An ANOVA using data collected from within 50 meters of the plot center and excluding flyovers gave a F-value of 1.93 and a p-value of 0.171. Messers data when using all detections from the plot center show a significant difference between the avian diversity of the two communities with a higher diversity in the oak woodland plots. The four ANOVAs comparing Messers and the authors diversity indices from oak woodland and riparian plots produced an average F-value of 37.93 and an average p-value of 0.009 all of which were less than 0.05 (Table 7). There is a significant difference between the average diversity indices produced from Messers and the authors data. Therefore there is too much variance between our data sets and they are not similar enough to be pooled together into a single analysis.

Discussion The plots in the oak woodland and riparian communities were found to have unequal avian diversity. The average diversity was higher in the oak woodland when considering analysis of all detections from the center of the plot. When using only detections within 50 meters of the plot center and excluding flyovers (only 6 out of 996 detections) then avian diversity is higher in the riparian community. Analysis of Messers data showed higher diversity in oak woodland plots. There were a number of problems when it came to analyzing the data. Many of the plots in this study were side-by-side contrary to the recommendations of Ralph et al. 1993. This allowed for individual birds to be counted multiple times as their territories undoubtedly overlapped multiple study plots. The lack of independent plots, a basic assumption for
8 statistical analysis that was somehow overlooked in the experimental design necessary for point count censusing, removes a lot of the statistical power of this study. For future studies in the Hi Mountain area new plots will need to be found which are a minimum of 250 meters apart, far enough away for the plots to be independent (Ralph et al, 1993). Some independence can be gained by analyzing just the detections within 50 meters of the study plot center. When selectively looking at this data alone the plots in the riparian community compared to plots in the oak woodland community not only have higher average diversity but also are statistically different. If instead you analyze the data with all of the detections from the plot centers, which knowingly counted birds that were inside other nearby plots, the communities are statistically equal. A two sample t-test of 10 riparian and 8 oak woodland plots that were 250 meters apart from each other revealed higher diversity, p = 0.021, in the oak woodland plots (Table 8). This is the only statistically valid analysis computed with this data. Taking a look at Messers data all of her analysis points to higher diversity in the oak woodland plots. These results could potentially be misleading. The dates of her data collection span from May 10 to June 21, i.e. from the middle of the breeding season to the end of the breeding season (Table 9). 72% of the oak woodland plots were surveyed on May 10 and 11 and the majority of the riparian plots were surveyed in June during the end of the breeding season. Surveying the oak woodland plots significantly earlier in the breeding season than the riparian community can bias the data. Early in the breeding season you have the presence of migrants that can increase the amount of diversity in the community. Comparing this to another community sampled later in the season after the migrants have moved through may make the first community appear more diverse. Surveying a community late in the breeding season also

Table 2. Dates surveyed. Plot H31245 H30019 H30054 H30016 H30015 H30031 H30032 H30030 H31184 H31253 H31252 H31251 H31182 H31181 H31250 H31234 H10178 H10097 H10147 H10151 H10166 H10148 H10134 H10145 H31235 Date 5/25/2003 5/25/2003 5/25/2003 5/25/2003 5/25/2003 5/25/2003 5/25/2003 5/25/2003 5/25/2003 5/25/2003 5/25/2003 5/25/2003 5/25/2003 5/25/2003 5/25/2003 5/25/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/3/2003 Plot R07079 R07078 R07077 R07103 R07102 R07099 R07098 R01116 R01114 R01115 R10190 R10187 R10192 R10225 R10188 R10191 R10189 R04237 R04236 R04223 R04174 R04173 R04208 R05182 R05181 Date 5/26/2003 5/26/2003 5/26/2003 5/26/2003 5/26/2003 5/26/2003 5/26/2003 5/26/2003 5/26/2003 5/26/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003 6/1/2003
Table 3. Point count data. Plot Species < 50 M H31245 HOWR 2 H31245 CAQU 0 H31245 SPTO 0 H31245 CALT 1 H31245 OATI 1 H31245 ACWO 1 H31245 BEWR 2 H31245 ANHU 1 H31245 WREN 0 H31245 STJA 1 H31245 UNSW 1 H31245 ATFL 0 H31245 ORJU 0 H30019 MOQU 0 H30019 CAQU 1 H30019 WREN 2 H30019 BEWR 2 H30019 ACWO 0 H30019 BHGR 0 H30019 OATI 2 H30019 SPTO 1 H30019 PSFL 1 H30019 NUWO 1 H30019 WESJ 0 H30019 ATFL 0 H30019 OCWA 0 H30019 NOFL 1 H30054 CALT 1 H30054 ACWO 3 H30054 WESJ 1 H30054 WREN 0 H30054 OATI 1 H30054 MOQU 0 H30054 BHGR 1 H30054 VGSW 0 H30054 HOWR 0 H30054 CAQU 2 H30054 MODO 0 H30054 BEWR 0 H30054 SPTO 1 H30054 ATFL 0 H30016 MOQU 0 H30016 CAQU 1 H30016 ACWO 3 H30016 OATI 2 H30016 BHGR 0 H30016 HOWR 0 H30016 WBNU 1 H30016 CALT 1

> 50 M 0

Plot H30016 H30016 H30016 H30015 H30015 H30015 H30015 H30015 H30015 H30015 H30015 H30015 H30015 H30015 H30015 H30015 H30031 H30031 H30031 H30031 H30031 H30031 H30031 H30031 H30031 H30031 H30031 H30031 H30031 H30031 H30032 H30032 H30032 H30032 H30032 H30032 H30032 H30032 H30032 H30032 H30032 H30032 H30032 H30032 H30032 H30032 H30030 H30030 H30030
Species MODO WREN SPTO WESJ OATI HOWR CAQU MOQU MODO BHGR WREN ACWO WBNU CALT LEGO NUWO HOWR BGGN ACWO MOQU CAQU WESJ BHGR NUWO WBNU HUVI SPTO MODO OATI WREN BHGR MOQU CALT NUWO CAQU SPTO WREN HUVI BEWR HOWR ACWO MODO BEWR ANHU WBNU BGGN MODO MOQU CAQU

< 50 M 3

> 50 M 2
Table 3. Point count data continued. Plot Species < 50 M > 50 M H30030 HOWR H30030 WESJ H30030 BHGR H30030 RSFL H30030 SPTO H30030 WEWP H30030 ORJU H30030 ACWO H30030 WREN H30030 NUWO H31184 MOQU H31184 WESJ H31184 BUSH H31184 ACWO H31184 WREN H31184 SPTO H31184 STJA H31184 WEWP H31184 RSFL H31184 BHGR H31184 MODO H31253 WREN H31253 RSFL H31253 ACWO H31253 MOQU H31253 CAQU H31253 WIWA H31253 BEWR H31253 WESJ H31253 HOWR H31253 MODO H31252 SPTO H31252 OATI H31252 RSFL H31252 HOWR H31252 HUVI H31252 WIWA H31252 CAQU H31252 WREN H31252 BUSH H31252 WESJ H31251 ANHU H31251 SPTO H31251 BHGR H31251 OATI H31251 ACWO H31251 MOQU H31251 HOWR H31251 HUVI 0 1

Plot H31251 H31251 H31251 H31182 H31182 H31182 H31182 H31182 H31182 H31182 H31182 H31182 H31181 H31181 H31181 H31181 H31181 H31181 H31181 H31181 H31181 H31181 H31181 H31181 H31250 H31250 H31250 H31250 H31250 H31250 H31250 H31250 H31250 H31234 H31234 H31234 H31234 H31234 H31234 H31234 H31234 H31234 H31234 H10178 H10178 H10178 H10178 H10178 H10178
Species WESJ WREN MODO STJA HOWR CAQU HUVI MOQU OATI MODO WESJ SPTO PSFL SPTO BHGR HUVI OATI MODO ACWO WREN MOQU ATFL HOWR TUVU SPTO ACWO ATFL MOQU WESJ HOWR MODO OATI WBNU OATI MODO HUVI ATFL WREN SPTO HOWR ACWO WESJ ANHU BGGN HOWR CAQU PSFL WETA OCWA

< 50 M 0

> 50 M 1
Table 3. Point count data continued. Plot Species < 50 M > 50 M H10178 BHGR H10178 LEGO H10178 ACWO H10178 MODO H10178 WBNU H10178 PUFI H10097 ANHU H10097 WREN H10097 ACWO H10097 ORJU H10097 SPTO H10097 BHGR H10097 LEGO H10097 WESJ H10097 WBNU H10097 PUFI H10097 MODO H10097 OATI H10097 ATFL H10097 PSFL H10147 ATFL H10147 WBNU H10147 ORJU H10147 OATI H10147 ACWO H10147 WAVI H10147 MODO H10147 PUFI H10147 ANHU H10147 WESJ H10147 HUVI H10151 SPTO H10151 WREN H10151 WESJ H10151 MODO H10151 ACWO H10151 HUVI H10151 LEGO H10151 PUFI H10151 HOWR H10151 PSFL H10166 ANHU H10166 CAQU H10166 PUFI H10166 MODO H10166 ATFL H10166 SPTO H10166 LEGO H10166 HOWR 0 2
Plot H10166 H10166 H10166 H10166 H10166 H10166 H10166 H10148 H10148 H10148 H10148 H10148 H10148 H10148 H10148 H10148 H10148 H10148 H10134 H10134 H10134 H10134 H10134 H10134 H10134 H10134 H10134 H10134 H10134 H10134 H10134 H10134 H10145 H10145 H10145 H10145 H10145 H10145 H10145 H10145 H10145 H10145 H10145 H10145 H31235 H31235 H31235 H31235 H31235
Species WESJ WREN NUWO WBNU HUVI ACWO BGGN HOWR WESJ ANHU WREN HUVI SPTO MODO ACWO NUWO BHGR ATFL HOWR ACWO CAQU MODO OATI SPTO RSFL HUVI ANHU WAVI LEGO WBNU PUFI BEWR PSFL HOWR BHGR PUFI ORJU WBNU ANHU HUVI LEGO CAQU OATI ACWO WESJ SPTO CAQU WBNU MODO
Table 3. Point count data continued. Plot Species < 50 M > 50 M H31235 ACWO H31235 OATI H31235 WREN H31235 STJA H31235 HUVI R07079 CAQU R07079 SPTO R07079 WREN R07079 BHGR R07079 ACWO R07079 OATI R07079 WEWP R07079 WESJ R07079 HAWO R07079 ANHU R07079 WBNU R07079 HOWR R07079 RSFL R07079 BUSH R07078 TUVU R07078 BHGR R07078 OATI R07078 WREN R07078 CAQU R07078 ACWO R07078 BGGN R07078 CAQU R07078 SPTO R07078 WEWP R07078 HUVI R07078 VGSW R07078 BEWR R07078 RSFL R07077 BHGR R07077 ANHU R07077 CAQU R07077 ACWO R07077 OATI R07077 BGGN R07077 WEWP R07077 WTSW R07077 NUWO R07077 YWAR R07077 SPTO R07077 ATFL R07077 HUVI R07103 BHGR R07103 WESJ R07103 HOWR 2 0

Plot R07103 R07103 R07103 R07103 R07103 R07103 R07103 R07103 R07103 R07103 R07103 R07102 R07102 R07102 R07102 R07102 R07102 R07102 R07102 R07102 R07102 R07102 R07102 R07102 R07102 R07102 R07102 R07102 R07099 R07099 R07099 R07099 R07099 R07099 R07099 R07099 R07099 R07098 R07098 R07098 R07098 R07098 R07098 R07098 R07098 R07098 R07098 R07098 R07098
Species CAQU SPTO OCWA ACWO ORJU BEWR VGSW RSFL WREN BUSH WBNU ANHU BHGR ATFL CALT BEWR SPTO CAQU OCWA WESJ RSFL WBNU HOWR OATI LEGO ACWO WREN HUVI CAQU BUSH BGGN SPTO WESJ WREN CALT HOWR ACWO WESJ HOWR WREN BHGR CAQU SPTO ACWO OATI WBNU BGGN MODO ANHU

< 50 M 1

Table 3. Point count data continued. Plot Species < 50 M > 50 M R07098 MOQU R01116 ANHU R01116 BHGR R01116 CAQU R01116 ORJU R01116 HOWR R01116 ACWO R01116 WREN R01114 CAQU R01114 BHGR R01114 MOQU R01114 ACWO R01114 WREN R01114 SPTO R01114 OATI R01114 ORJU R01114 ANHU R01114 CATH R01114 BEWR R01114 HOWR R01115 ORJU R01115 HOWR R01115 CATH R01115 WBNU R01115 ANHU R01115 SPTO R01115 OATI R01115 WREN R01115 BHGR R01115 ATFL R10190 PSFL R10190 HOWR R10190 WAVI R10190 WREN R10190 SPTO R10190 MODO R10190 WETA R10190 BRCR R10190 ORJU R10187 WAVI R10187 CALT R10187 HOWR R10187 PUFI R10187 BRCR R10187 OATI R10187 WREN R10187 ANHU R10187 OCWA R10187 ORJU 0 2
Plot R10187 R10192 R10192 R10192 R10192 R10192 R10192 R10192 R10192 R10192 R10225 R10225 R10225 R10225 R10225 R10225 R10225 R10225 R10225 R10225 R10225 R10225 R10188 R10188 R10188 R10188 R10188 R10188 R10188 R10188 R10188 R10188 R10188 R10188 R10191 R10191 R10191 R10191 R10191 R10191 R10191 R10191 R10191 R10191 R10191 R10191 R10189 R10189 R10189
Species PSFL PSFL HOWR PUFI ANHU MODO WAVI LEGO WEWP CAVI HOWR WBNU OATI PUFI BHGR SPTO ACWO MODO CAQU HUVI ANHU WAVI SPTO ANHU WAVI LEGO PUFI ORJU HOWR WBNU BEWR MODO OCWA BHGR LEGO SPTO PSFL WAVI BHGR ANHU ORJU WBNU OCWA HOWR HUVI ORJU CAVI ANHU PSFL

< 50 M 2

Table 3. Point count data continued. Plot Species < 50 M > 50 M R10189 ORJU R10189 WEWP R10189 LEGO R10189 WAVI R10189 PUFI R10189 ATFL R10189 HOWR R10189 SPTO R10189 BHGR R10189 WBNU R04237 HOWR R04237 WAVI R04237 PSFL R04237 WBNU R04237 SPTO R04237 CAVI R04237 OCWA R04236 HOWR R04236 CAVI R04236 WAVI R04236 PUFI R04236 SPTO R04236 ANHU R04223 HUVI R04223 WAVI R04223 HOWR R04223 DOWO R04223 CAVI R04223 PSFL R04223 ORJU R04223 SPTO R04223 WEWP R04223 MODO R04223 WBNU R04174 WEWP R04174 WESJ R04174 HOWR R04174 SPTO R04174 MODO R04174 ORJU R04174 OCWA R04174 NUWO R04174 OATI R04174 WBNU R04174 HUVI R04173 HUVI R04173 HOWR R04173 ACWO R04173 ORJU 2 0

Plot R04173 R04173 R04173 R04173 R04173 R04173 R04173 R04173 R04173 R04208 R04208 R04208 R04208 R04208 R04208 R04208 R04208 R04208 R04208 R04208 R04208 R05182 R05182 R05182 R05182 R05182 R05182 R05181 R05181 R05181 R05181 R05181 R05181 R05181 R05181 R05181 R05181 R05181
Species WESJ WBNU LEGO WREN NUWO SPTO ANHU BHGR WEWP HUVI HOWR WAVI ORJU OCWA WESJ SPTO PSFL WEWP BHGR WREN OATI HOWR SPTO BUSH MODO ACWO PSFL SPTO HUVI ORJU RSFL WESJ OCWA WREN MODO BUSH WBNU OATI

< 50 M 0 1

> 50 M 1 0

FO 0 0

* Four letter species codes listed in Appendix 1.
Table 4. Diversity indices.
Plot Diversity Index* Diversity Index** Plot Diversity Index* H31245 2.92 3.62 R07079 2.90 H30019 2.91 3.59 R07078 1.92 H30054 2.65 3.49 R07077 2.97 H30016 2.16 3.23 R07103 2.69 H30015 0.92 3.55 R07102 3.45 H30031 3.03 3.65 R07099 2.20 H30032 2.73 3.88 R07098 2.91 H30030 2.37 3.49 R01116 1.50 H31184 1.00 3.24 R01114 2.58 H31253 2.00 3.16 R01115 2.52 H31252 1.58 3.19 R10190 2.58 H31251 0.00 3.37 R10187 2.95 H31182 2.52 3.03 R10192 2.85 H31181 2.81 3.50 R10225 2.24 H31250 1.92 3.03 R10188 3.50 H31234 2.13 3.12 R10191 2.69 H10178 1.00 3.46 R10189 3.38 H10097 2.86 3.57 R04237 2.72 H10147 2.73 3.11 R04236 2.37 H10151 1.92 3.24 R04223 3.09 H10166 3.00 3.76 R04174 2.92 H10148 2.00 3.35 R04173 2.86 H10134 1.92 3.73 R04208 2.25 H10145 2.25 3.45 R05182 2.17 H31235 2.28 3.15 R05181 2.25 Average 2.14 3.40 2.66 *Data of detections <50 meters from plot center excluding flyovers. **Data of all detections from plot center. Diversity Index** 3.50 3.59 3.38 3.57 3.97 2.97 3.29 2.74 3.41 3.20 3.09 3.29 2.92 3.47 3.41 3.43 3.57 2.66 2.36 3.31 3.38 3.52 2.65 2.35 3.34 3.21
19 Table 5. ANOVA between community of Messers and authors data.
One-way ANOVA: authors H-index (<50 meters without flyovers, squared for normality). Analysis of Variance for c2 squar Source DF SS MS communit 1 56.44 56.44 Error 48 330.90 6.89 Total 49 387.33 Level h r N Mean 5.160 7.285 2.626 StDev 2.755 2.489 F 8.19 P 0.006

Pooled StDev =

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ------+---------+---------+---------+ (--------*--------) (--------*--------) ------+---------+---------+---------+ 4.8 6.0 7.2 8.4
One-way ANOVA: Messers H-index (<50 meters without flyovers, squared for normality). Analysis of Variance for c4 squar Source DF SS MS communit 1 8.59 8.59 Error 46 204.45 4.44 Total 47 213.04 Level h r N Mean 3.585 2.738 2.108 StDev 2.379 1.797 F 1.93 P 0.171
Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ----+---------+---------+---------+-(-----------*------------) (-----------*-----------) ----+---------+---------+---------+-2.10 2.80 3.50 4.20
One-way ANOVA: authors H-index (all detections, squared for normality). Analysis of Variance for c6 squar Source DF SS MS communit 1 15.49 15.49 Error 48 213.31 4.44 Total 49 228.80 Level h r N Mean 11.604 10.491 2.108 StDev 1.641 2.489 F 3.49 P 0.068

Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ----------+---------+---------+-----(----------*----------) (---------*----------) ----------+---------+---------+-----10.40 11.20 12.00
One-way ANOVA: Messers H-index (all detections). Analysis of Variance for H-index Source DF SS MS communit 1 1.347 1.347 Error 46 7.796 0.169 Total 47 9.143 F 7.95 P 0.007
Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev Level N Mean StDev --------+---------+---------+-------h 24 2.7533 0.3875 (--------*-------) r 24 2.4183 0.4345 (--------*-------) --------+---------+---------+-------Pooled StDev = 0.4117 2.40 2.60 2.80 __________________________________________________________________________________________ ** h = oak woodland; r = riparian __________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 6. Messer's diversity indices.
Plot Diversity Index* Diversity Index** Plot Diversity Index* H31245 2.93 1.75 R07079 1.25 H30019 1.50 2.75 R07078 0.00 H30054 2.11 3.22 R07077 1.58 H30016 2.12 2.50 R07103 2.00 H30015 1.00 2.71 R07102 1.06 H30031 2.73 2.98 R07099 2.32 H30032 2.25 3.45 R07098 1.52 H30030 2.58 2.52 R01116 1.58 H31184 1.00 2.50 R01114 0.00 H31253 0.54 2.33 R01115 1.92 H31252 2.24 3.02 R10190 1.92 H31251 1.00 3.02 R10187 2.25 H31182 2.50 3.04 R10192 2.32 H31181 1.50 3.04 R10225 0.99 H31250 2.25 2.59 R10188 2.16 H31234 1.56 2.79 R10191 2.13 H10178 1.37 1.88 R10189 2.13 H10097 1.50 2.66 R04237 1.51 H10147 2.17 2.97 R04236 1.25 H10151 2.19 2.82 R04223 2.00 H10166 2.24 2.87 R04174 1.56 H10148 0.00 3.11 R04173 H10134 0.92 2.90 R04208 1.88 H10145 R05182 0.00 H31235 1.81 2.66 R05181 0.00 Average 1.75 2.75 1.47 *Data from detections <50 meters from plot center excluding flyovers. **Data from all detections from plot center. Diversity Index** 2.04 2.50 2.93 3.01 1.70 3.37 2.45 2.69 2.24 2.78 2.05 2.16 2.50 2.25 2.64 2.26 2.82 1.72 1.99 2.16 2.47 2.77 1.75 2.79 2.42
21 Table 7. Comparison by author of Messers and authors data within community.
One-way ANOVA: Comparison of Oak woodland H-indices (<50 meters without flyovers, squared for normality). Analysis of Variance for c2 squar Source DF SS MS observer 1 30.41 30.41 Error 47 312.40 6.65 Total 48 342.81 Level M A N Mean 3.585 5.160 2.578 StDev 2.379 2.755 F 4.58 P 0.038
Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev -----+---------+---------+---------+(----------*---------) (----------*---------) -----+---------+---------+---------+3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
One-way Analysis of Variance: Comparison of Oak woodland H-indices (all detections). Analysis of Variance for h-index Source DF SS MS observer 1 5.095 5.095 Error 47 4.837 0.103 Total 48 9.932 Level M A N Mean 2.7533 3.3984 0.3208 StDev 0.3875 0.2401 F 49.51 P 0.000
Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev ------+---------+---------+---------+ (----*----) (----*----) ------+---------+---------+---------+ 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50

One-way Analysis of Variance: Comparison of Riparian H-indices (<50 meters without flyovers, squared for normality). Analysis of Variance for c5 squar Source DF SS MS observer 1 253.17 253.17 Error 47 222.95 4.74 Total 48 476.12 Level M A N Mean 2.738 7.285 2.178 F 53.37 P 0.000
Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev StDev -+---------+---------+---------+----1.797 (----*---) 2.489 (---*----) -+---------+---------+---------+----2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
One-way Analysis of Variance: Comparison of Riparian H-indices (all detections). Analysis of Variance for h-index Source DF SS MS observer 1 7.768 7.768 Error 47 8.252 0.176 Total 48 16.020 F 44.24 P 0.000
Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev Level N Mean StDev ------+---------+---------+---------+ M 24 2.4183 0.4345 (----*----) A 25 3.2148 0.4036 (----*----) ------+---------+---------+---------+ Pooled StDev = 0.4190 2.45 2.80 3.15 3.50 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ * M = Messer, T = Author ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
22 Table 8. Two sample t-test and confidence interval for plots 250 meters apart.
Two sample T for H-index all detections Community N Oak woodland 8 Riparian 10 Mean 3.485 3.132 StDev 0.267 0.407 SE Mean 0.094 0.13 DF = 15
95% CI for mu (oak woodland) - mu (riparian): ( 0.013, 0.69) T-Test mu (oak woodland) = mu (riparian) (vs >): T = 2.21 P = 0.021
23 Table 9. Messer's dates surveyed. Plot Date Plot H30015 5/10/2003 R07103 H30019 5/10/2003 R07102 H30016 5/10/2003 R07077 H30031 5/10/2003 R10190 H30032 5/10/2003 R10187 H30054 5/11/2003 R10192 H30044 5/11/2003 R10178 H30030 5/11/2003 R10097 H31235 5/11/2003 R10147 H30250 5/11/2003 R10151 H31251 5/11/2003 R10166 H31182 5/11/2003 R10148 H31181 5/11/2003 R10134 H31252 5/11/2003 R10225 H31253 5/11/2003 R10191 H31184 5/11/2003 R10188 H31234 5/11/2003 R10189 H31245 5/11/2003 R04237 R01114 5/24/2003 R05181 R01115 5/24/2003 R05182 R01116 5/24/2003 R04208 R07098 5/24/2003 R04236 R07099 5/24/2003 R04223 R07078 5/24/2003 R04174 R07079 5/24/2003
Date 5/24/2003 5/24/2003 5/24/2003 6/7/2003 6/7/2003 6/7/2003 6/7/2003 6/7/2003 6/7/2003 6/7/2003 6/7/2003 6/7/2003 6/7/2003 6/7/2003 6/7/2003 6/7/2003 6/7/2003 6/7/2003 6/21/2003 6/21/2003 6/21/2003 6/21/2003 6/21/2003 6/21/2003
Table 10. Migrants. Author's migrants Oak woodland Riparian Species Detections Species Detections ATFL 16 ATFL 5 BGGN 5 BGGN 5 BHGR 23 BHGR 20 HOWR 32 CAVI 6 OCWA 2 HOWR 65 PSFL 6 OCWA 10 Swallow sp. 1 PSFL 14 VGSW 1 VGSW 3 WAVI 2 WAVI 22 WEWP 3 WETA 2 WIWA 3 WEWP 10 YWAR 2 Total 258 out of 996 total detections = 26% migrants Messer's Oak woodland Species Detections BGGN 3 BHGB 13 EMPI s 2 HOWR 27 OCWA 1 PSFL 1 Swallow sp. 5 WEWP 1 migrants Riparian Species Detections BGGN 7 BHGR 7 CAVI 3 HOWR 55 PSFL 13 Swallow sp. 3 WAVI 4 WETA 1 WEWP 6

Total out of 700 total detections = 22% migrants

25 Literature cited

Bohlman, D. 2003. The Ethnobotany of Hi Mountain: An Assessment of Community Habitability Based on Cultural Practices. California State Polytechnic University. Biological Sciences Department. Clay, Sariya Talip., et al. 2001. SLO DataFinder. San Luis Obispo County GIS Database. http://discover.lib.calpoly.edu/gis/. Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. Edell, T., et al. 2002. The Birds of San Luis Obispo County California. Morro Coast Audubon Society. Morro Bay, California. Holland, V. L., and Keil, D. J. 1995. California Vegetation. Kendall/Hunt Publications. Dubuque, Iowa. Krebs, C. J. 1985. Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. Harper and Row, Publishers, Inc. New York, New York. Messer, H. 2003. Avian Diversity in the Santa Lucia Wilderness. California State Polytechnic University. Biological Sciences Department. Ralph et al. 1993. Handbook of field methods for monitoring land birds. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-144. Welty, J. C. and L. Baptista. 1988. The Life of Birds. Saunders College Publishing. New York.

26 Acknowledgements

I would like to thank the following people who worked on this project: Dr. Francis Villablanca Lisa Andreano Daniel Bohlman Holly Messer Michaela Koenig Andrew Harmer Matt Willis Austin Guzman Christina Demeritt Leane Scott
27 Appendix 1. Four-letter species codes.
COMMON NAME American Black Duck American Black Oystercatcher Abert's Towhee Acadian Flycatcher Aleutian Canada Goose Antillean Crested Hummingbird Acorn Woodpecker Adelie Penguin Adelaide's Warbler African Penguin American Green-winged Teal Arrow-headed Warbler Akekee Akepa Akiapolaau Alder Flycatcher Allen's Hummingbird Altamira Oriole Aleutian Tern American Avocet American Bittern American Coot American Crow American Dipper American Goldfinch American Golden-Plover American Kestrel American Oystercatcher American Pipit American Redstart American Robin American Wigeon American Woodcock Antillean Euphonia Anhinga Anna's Hummingbird Anianiau Antillean Mango Ancient Murrelet Antillean Nighthawk Antarctic Petrel Antarctic Tern Apapane Aplomado Falcon ALPHA CODE ABDU ABOY ABTO ACFL ACGO ACHU ACWO ADPE ADWA AFPE AGWT AHWA AKEK AKEP AKIP ALFL ALHU ALOR ALTE AMAV AMBI AMCO AMCR AMDI AMGO AMGP AMKE AMOY AMPI AMRE AMRO AMWI AMWO ANEU ANHI ANHU ANIA ANMA ANMU ANNI ANPE ANTE APAP APFA Arctic Loon Arctic Tern Arctic Warbler Ashy Storm-Petrel Atlantic Brant Ash-throated Flycatcher Atlantic Puffin American Tree Sparrow Audubon's Oriole Audubon's Shearwater Audubon's Warbler American White Pelican Aztec Thrush Black x Atlantic Brant Intermediate Bachman's Sparrow Bald Eagle Barrow's Goldeneye Bahama Swallow Baird's Sparrow Bahama Mockingbird Bananaquit Band-rumped Storm-Petrel Bank Swallow Baltimore Oriole Bar-tailed Godwit Barn Swallow Baird's Sandpiper Baikal Teal Bahama Woodstar Black-and-White Warbler Bahama Yellowthroat Black-browed Albatross Black-billed Cuckoo Buff-breasted Flycatcher Blue-black Grassquit Broad-billed Hummingbird Black-billed Magpie Baltimore x Bullock's Oriole Hybrid Black-bellied Plover Broad-billed Prion Buff-breasted Sandpiper Bay-breasted Warbler Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Black-backed Woodpecker Black-capped Chickadee ARLO ARTE ARWA ASSP ATBR ATFL ATPU ATSP AUOR AUSH AUWA AWPE AZTH BABI BACS BAEA BAGO BAHS BAIS BAMO BANA BANP BANS BAOR BARG BARS BASA BATE BAWO BAWW BAYE BBAL BBCU BBFL BBGR BBLH BBMA BBOH BBPL BBPR BBSA BBWA BBWD BBWO BCCH

Horned Lark Hooded Merganser Hooded Oriole Horned Puffin Hoary Redpoll House Sparrow Hooded Warbler House Wren Hispaniolan Parakeet Hispaniolan Parrot Harlan's Hawk Harris's Hawk Hudsonian Godwit Humboldt Penguin Hutton's Vireo Hawaiian Hawk Hybrid Albatross Hybrid Chickadee Hybrid Common x Roseate Tern Hybrid Gull Hybrid Nonpasserine Hybrid Passerine Hybrid Sapsucker Hybrid Skua Hybrid Tern (not COTE x ROST, see 072.5) Hybrid Towhee Iceland Gull Indian Hill Myna Iiwi Indigo x Lazuli Bunting Hybrid Island Scrub-Jay Indigo Bunting Inca Dove Ipswich Sparrow Ivory Gull Japanese Bush-Warbler Jamaican Crow Jamaican Elaenia Jamaican Euphonia Jamaican Mango Jamaican Oriole Jamaican Pewee Java Sparrow Jamaican Tody Japanese White-eye Juniper Titmouse HOLA HOME HOOR HOPU HORE HOSP HOWA HOWR HPKT HPRT HRLH HRSH HUGO HUPE HUVI HWAH HYAL HYCH HCRT HYGU HYNO HYPA HYSA HYSK HYTE HYTO ICGU IHMY IIWI ILBH ILSJ INBU INDO IPSP IVGU JABW JACR JAEL JAEU JAMA JAOR JAPE JASP JATO JAWE JUTI Jamaican White-eyed Vireo Kauai Amakihi Kauai Creeper Kamao (Large Kauai Thrush) Kauai O'o Kerguelen Petrel Kerguelen Tern Kentucky Warbler King Eider Killdeer Kittlitz's Murrelet King Penguin King Rail Kirtland's Warbler Key West Quail-Dove Laysan Albatross Laysan Duck Laysan Finch Lawrence's Goldfinch Laughing Gull Lapland Longspur Lanceolated Warbler Lesser Antillean Pewee Lark Bunting Lasagra's Flycatcher Lark Sparrow Lavender Waxbill Lawrence's Warbler Lazuli Bunting Lesser Black-backed Gull Long-billed Curlew Long-billed Dowitcher Little Blue Heron Long-billed Murrelet Large-billed Sparrow Long-billed Thrasher Least Bell's Vireo Ladder-backed Woodpecker Large Canada Goose Le Conte's Sparrow Le Conte's Thrasher Least Auklet Least Bittern Least Flycatcher Lesser Frigatebird Lesser Goldfinch Lesser Golden-Plover JWEV KAAM KACR KAMA KAOO KEPE KETE KEWA KIEI KILL KIMU KIPE KIRA KIWA KWQD LAAL LADU LAFI LAGO LAGU LALO LANW LAPE LARB LASF LASP LAVW LAWA LAZB LBBG LBCU LBDO LBHE LBMU LBSP LBTH LBVI LBWO LCGO LCSP LCTH LEAU LEBI LEFL LEFR LEGO LEGP
Least Grebe Lesser Nighthawk Long-eared Owl Least Sandpiper Lesser Antillean Bullfinch Lesser Scaup Lesser Antillean Flycatcher Lesser Sheathbill Least Tern Lewis's Woodpecker Lesser Yellowlegs Leach's Storm-Petrel Little Bunting Little Gull Limpkin Little Shearwater Little Tern Lincoln's Sparrow Light-mantled Sooty Albatross Loggerhead Kingbird Loggerhead Shrike Louisiana Waterthrush Lesser Snow Goose (White phase) Long-tailed Cuckoo Long-tailed Duck Long-tailed Jaeger Least Storm-Petrel Lucifer Hummingbird Lucy's Warbler Lesser White-fronted Goose Masked Booby Macaroni Penguin Maui Creeper Mangrove Cuckoo Masked Duck Mariana Fruit-Dove Magnificent Frigatebird Marbled Godwit Magellanic Penguin Magellan Gull Magnificent Hummingbird Mallard Marbled Murrelet Maui Parrotbill Mariana Crow Manx Shearwater Magnolia Warbler LEGR LENI LEOW LESA LESB LESC LESF LESH LETE LEWO LEYE LHSP LIBU LIGU LIMP LISH LITE LISP LMSA LOKI LOSH LOWA LSGO LTCU LTDU LTJA LTSP LUHU LUWA LWFG MABO MACP MACR MACU MADU MAFD MAFR MAGO MAGP MAGU MAHU MALL MAMU MAPA MARC MASH MAWA Marsh Wren Mallard x Black Duck Hybrid Many-colored Fruit Dove McCown's Longspur Mexican Chickadee Mexican Duck Mew Gull Mexican Jay Melodius Laughing-Thrush Merlin MacGillivray's Warbler Middendorff's Grasshopper-Warbler Micronesian Honeyeater Mississippi Kite Millerbird Micronesian Megapode Micronesian Starling McKay's Bunting Mountain Bluebird Mountain Chickadee Molokai Creeper Mourning Dove Mottled Duck Mongolian Plover Mottled Petrel Mountain Plover Mourning Warbler Murphy's Petrel Mute Swan Mountain White-crowned Sparrow Myrtle Warbler Nashville Warbler Northern Beardless Tyrannulet Neotropic Cormorant Newell's Shearwater Northern Giant Petrel Northern Hawk Owl Nihoa Finch Nightingale Reed-Warbler Northern Cardinal Northwestern Crow Northern Fulmar Northern Gannet Northern Goshawk Northern Harrier Northern Jacana Northern Lapwing MAWR MBDH MCFD MCLO MECH MEDU MEGU MEJA MELT MERL MGWA MIGW MIHO MIKI MILL MIME MIST MKBU MOBL MOCH MOCR MODO MODU MONP MOPE MOUP MOWA MUPE MUSW MWCS MYWA NAWA NBTY NECO NESH NGPE NHOW NIFI NIRW NOCA NOCR NOFU NOGA NOGO NOHA NOJA NOLA

Northern Mockingbird Northern Parula Northern Pintail Northern Pygmy-Owl Northern Waterthrush Northern Wheatear Northern Rough-winged Swallow Northern Shoveler Northern Shrike Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow Northern Saw-whet Owl Nutting's Flycatcher Nukupuu Nutmeg Manakin Nuttall's Woodpecker Nuttall's White-crowned Sparrow Oahu Amakihi Oahu Creeper Oak Titmouse Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush Orange-crowned Warbler Orange-fronted Parakeet Other Hybrid Duck (not MALL x ABDU) Other Hybrid Goose (not LSGO x ROGO or BLBR x ATBR) Olive-capped Warbler Oloma'o (Molokai Thrush) Olive Sparrow Olive Warbler Omao (Hawaiian Thrush) Orangequit Orange-cheeked Waxbill Orange Bishop Oriental Greenfinch Oregon Junco Orchard Oriole Olive-sided Flycatcher Osprey Olive Tree-Pipit O'u Ovenbird Orange-winged Parrot Parakeet Auklet Painted Bunting Pacific Golden-Plover Parasitic Jaeger NOMO NOPA NOPI NOPO NOWA NOWH NRWS NSHO NSHR NSTS NSWO NUFL NUKU NUMA NUWO NWCS OAAM OACR OATI OBNT OCWA OFPA OHDU OHGO OLIW OLOM OLSP OLWA OMAO ORAN ORAW ORBI ORGR ORJU OROR OSFL OSPR OLTP OU OVEN OWPA PAAU PABU PAGP PAJA Pallas's Bunting Palila Pacific Loon Pacific Pigeon Painted Redstart Pauraque Pied-billed Grebe Purple-collared Fruit-Dove Plain-capped Starthroat Pelagic Cormorant Peregrine Falcon Pechora Pipit Pectoral Sandpiper Pearly-eyed Thrasher Pink-footed Goose Pink-footed Shearwater Phainopepla Phoenix Petrel Philippine Turtle-Dove Philadelphia Vireo Pine Grosbeak Pigeon Guillemot Pinyon Jay Piping Plover Pine Siskin Pine Warbler Pileated Woodpecker Plain Pigeon Plumbeous Vireo Pomarine Jaeger Polynesian Starling Po' ouli Prairie Warbler Puerto Rican Emerald Prairie Falcon Puerto Rican Flycatcher Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo Puerto Rican Nightjar Prothonotary Warbler Puerto Rican Parrot Puerto Rican Screech-Owl Puerto Rican Tanager Puerto Rican Tody Puerto Rican Vireo Puerto Rican Woodpecker Pacific-slope Flycatcher Puget Sound White-crowned Sparrow PALB PALI PALO PAPI PARE PAUR PBGR PCFD PCST PECO PEFA PEPI PESA PETH PFGO PFSH PHAI PHPE PHTD PHVI PIGR PIGU PIJA PIPL PISI PIWA PIWO PLPI PLVI POJA POST POUL PRAW PREM PRFA PRFL PRLC PRNI PROW PRPA PRSO PRTA PRTO PRVI PRWO PSFL PSWS
Pin-tailed Whydah Puaiohi (Small Kauai Thrush) Puerto Rican Bullfinch Purple Finch Purple Gallinule Purple Martin Purple Sandpiper Pygmy Nuthatch Pyrrhuloxia Razorbill Red-breasted Flycatcher Rose-breasted Grosbeak Ring-billed Gull Red-billed Leiothrix Red-breasted Merganser Red-breasted Nuthatch Red-billed Pigeon Rufous-backed Robin Red-breasted Sapsucker Red-billed Tropicbird Red-bellied Woodpecker Red-crested Cardinal Red-cheeked Cordonbleu Ruby-crowned Kinglet Red-crowned Parrot Rufous-crowned Sparrow Rufous-capped Warbler Red-cockaded Woodpecker Red Avadavat Reed Bunting Red Crossbill Redhead Redwing Reddish Egret Western Reef Heron Red Knot Red Phalarope Red Siskin Red-eyed Vireo Red-flanked Bluetail Red-footed Booby Red-faced Cormorant Red-faced Warbler Rhinoceros Auklet Red-headed Woodpecker Ringed Kingfisher Ringed Turtle-Dove PTWH PUAI PUEB PUFI PUGA PUMA PUSA PYNU PYRR RAZO RBFL RBGR RBGU RBLE RBME RBNU RBPI RBRO RBSA RBTR RBWO RCCA RCCO RCKI RCPA RCSP RCWA RCWO REAV REBU RECR REDH REDW REEG REHE REKN REPH RESI REVI RFBL RFBO RFCO RFWA RHAU RHWO RIKI RITD Rough-legged Hawk Red-legged Kittiwake Red-legged Thrush Ring-necked Duck Red-necked Grebe Red-necked Phalarope Red-naped Sapsucker Red-necked Stint Royal Albatross Rockhopper Penguin Ross's Goose Ross's Gull Roadside Hawk Rock Sandpiper Roseate Spoonbill Roseate Tern Rock Wren Royal Penguin Royal Tern Red-shafted Flicker Red-shouldered Hawk Rose-throated Becard Red-tailed Hawk Ruby-throated Hummingbird Red-throated Loon Red-throated Pipit Rufous-throated Solitaire Red-tailed Tropicbird Rusty Blackbird Rustic Bunting Ruddy Duck Rufous Fantail Ruff Rufous-tailed Hummingbird Rufous-collared Sparrow Ruddy Ground-Dove Rufous Hummingbird Ruddy Quail-Dove Ruddy Turnstone Red-vented Bulbul Red-winged Blackbird Red-whiskered Bulbul Rufous-winged Sparrow Sandhill Crane Saffron Finch Sad Flycatcher Sage Sparrow RLHA RLKI RLTH RNDU RNGR RNPH RNSA RNST ROAL ROCP ROGO ROGU ROHA ROSA ROSP ROST ROWR ROYP ROYT RSFL RSHA RTBE RTHA RTHU RTLO RTPI RTSO RTTR RUBL RUBU RUDU RUFA RUFF RUFH RUFS RUGD RUHU RUQD RUTU RVBU RWBL RWBU RWSP SACR SAFI SAFL SAGS

Sabine's Gull Sanderling Say's Phoebe Samoan Starling Sandwich Tern Sage Thrasher Savannah Sparrow Smooth-billed Ani Southern Black-backed Gull Short-billed Dowitcher Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Lesser Snow Goose (Intermed. phase) Slaty-backed Gull Spotted x Barred Owl Hybrid Small Canada Goose Scarlet Ibis Slate-colored Junco Scott's Oriole Scarlet Tanager Short-eared Owl Semipalmated Plover Semipalmated Sandpiper Seaside Sparrow Sedge Wren Southern Giant Petrel Shy Albatross Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Shiny Cowbird Shy Ground-Dove Short-tailed Shearwater Stripe-headed Tanager Southern House Wren Siberian Accentor Siberian Flycatcher Siberian Rubythroat Siberian Tit Sky Lark Slate-throated Redstart Smith's Longspur Snow Bunting Snowy Egret Snail Kite Snowy Owl Snow Petrel Scaly-naped Pigeon Snowy Plover Snowy Sheathbill SAGU SAND SAPH SAST SATE SATH SAVS SBAN SBBG SBDO SBFL SBGI SBGU SBOH SCGO SCIB SCJU SCOR SCTA SEOW SEPL SESA SESP SEWR SGPE SHAL SHAS SHCO SHGD SHOS SHTA SHWR SIAC SIFL SIRU SITI SKLA SLAR SMLO SNBU SNEG SNKI SNOW SNPE SNPI SNPL SNSH Sooty Albatross Southern Fulmar Sora Solitary Sandpiper Sooty Shearwater Song Sparrow Sooty Tern Solitary Vireo Spotted Dove Spectacled Eider Spot-breasted Oriole Spoonbill Sandpiper Spotted Owl Sprague's Pipit Spotted Sandpiper South Polar Skua Spotted Towhee Snow x Ross's Goose Hybrid Sharp-shinned Hawk Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow Short-tailed Albatross Steller's Eider Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Short-tailed Hawk Steller's Jay Swallow-tailed Kite Stolid Flycatcher Streak-backed Oriole Streaked Shearwater Stilt Sandpiper Sharp-tailed Sparrow Short-tailed Swift Streamertail Strickland's Woodpecker Surfbird Surf Scoter Summer Tanager Sutton's Warbler Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Swainson's Hawk Swamp Sparrow Swainson's Thrush Swainson's Warbler Tamaulipas Crow Thick-billed Kingbird Thick-billed Murre Thick-billed Parrot SOAL SOFU SORA SOSA SOSH SOSP SOTE SOVI SPDO SPEI SPOO SPOS SPOW SPPI SPSA SPSK SPTO SRGH SSHA SSTS STAL STEI STFL STHA STJA STKI STOF STRO STRS STSA STSP STSW STTL STWO SURF SUSC SUTA SUWA SWFL SWHA SWSP SWTH SWWA TACR TBKI TBMU TBPA
Thin-billed Prion Thick-billed Vireo Tennessee Warbler Thayer's Gull Townsend's X Hermit Warbler Hybrid Tinian Monarch Townsend's Shearwater Townsend's Solitaire Townsend's Warbler Tricolored Blackbird Trembler Tree Swallow Traill's Flycatcher Tricolored Heron Tropical Kingbird Tropical Mockingbird Troupial Tropical Parula Tristram's Storm-Petrel Trumpeter Swan Tawny-shouldered Blackbird Three-toed Woodpecker Tufted Duck Tufted Puffin Turkey Vulture Unidentified Dark-eyed Junco Unidentified Gull Unidentified Hummingbird Unknown Redpoll Unidentified Teal Upland Sandpiper Unknown Rufous-sided Towhee Unknown Yellow-rumped Warbler Varied Bunting Vaux's Swift Varied Thrush Varied Tit Violet-crowned Hummingbird Veery Vermilion Flycatcher Verdin Vesper Sparrow Violet-green Swallow Victoria Penguin Virginia Rail Virginia's Warbler Wandering Albatross TBPR TBVI TEWA THGU THWH TIMO TOSH TOSO TOWA TRBL TREM TRES TRFL TRHE TRKI TRMO TROU TRPA TRSP TRUS TSBL TTWO TUDU TUPU TUVU UDEJ UNGU UNHU UNRE UNTE UPSA URST UYRW VABU VASW VATH VATI VCHU VEER VEFL VERD VESP VGSW VIPE VIRA VIWA WAAL Wattled Honeyeater Warbling Silverbill Wandering Tattler Warbling Vireo White-bellied Dove White-breasted Nuthatch White-chinned Petrel White-crowned Pigeon White-collared Seedeater White-crowned Sparrow White-chinned Thrush Western Bluebird Western Flycatcher Western Grebe Western Gull White-eared Hummingbird Western Kingbird Western Meadowlark Western Sandpiper Western Scrub-Jay Western Screech-Owl Western Tanager White-eyed Thrush White-eyed Vireo Worm-eating Warbler Western Wood-Pewee White-faced Ibis White-faced Storm-Petrel Whiskered Auklet Whooping Crane White Ibis Whimbrel White-cheeked Pintail Whooper Swan Whiskered Screech-Owl White-throated Storm-Petrel Whistling Swan White Tern White Wagtail White-headed Woodpecker Willow Flycatcher Willet Wilson's Phalarope Wilson's Plover Williamson's Sapsucker Wilson's Storm-Petrel Wilson's Warbler WAHO WASI WATA WAVI WBDO WBNU WCPE WCPI WCSE WCSP WCTH WEBL WEFL WEGR WEGU WEHU WEKI WEME WESA WESJ WESO WETA WETH WEVI WEWA WEWP WFIB WFSP WHAU WHCR WHIB WHIM WHIP WHOS WHSO WHSP WHSW WHTE WHWA WHWO WIFL WILL WIPH WIPL WISA WISP WIWA