Instant Broadband Series

EtherFast Cable/DSL Routers
Use this User Guide to install the following Linksys product(s):
BEFSRU31 BEFSR41 v2 BEFSR11 EtherFast Cable/DSL Router with USB Port and 10/100 3-Port Switch EtherFast Cable/DSL Router with 10/100 4-Port Switch EtherFast 1-Port Cable/DSL Router

User Guide

COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKS Copyright 2001 Linksys, All Rights Reserved. Instant Broadband is a registered trademark of Linksys. Microsoft, Windows, and the Windows logo are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks and brand names are the property of their respective proprietors. LIMITED WARRANTY Linksys guarantees that every Instant Broadband EtherFast Cable/DSL Router will be free from physical defects in material and workmanship for one year from the date of purchase, when used within the limits set forth in the Specification section of this User Guide. If the product proves defective during this warranty period, call Linksys Customer Support in order to obtain a Return Authorization number. BE SURE TO HAVE YOUR PROOF OF PURCHASE ON HAND WHEN CALLING. When returning a product, mark the Return Authorization number clearly on the outside of the package and include your original proof of purchase. RETURN REQUESTS CANNOT BE PROCESSED WITHOUT PROOF OF PURCHASE. All customers located outside of the United States of America and Canada shall be held responsible for shipping and handling charges. IN NO EVENT SHALL LINKSYS LIABILITY EXCEED THE PRICE PAID FOR THE PRODUCT FROM DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE PRODUCT, ITS ACCOMPANYING SOFTWARE, OR ITS DOCUMENTATION. LINKSYS OFFERS NO REFUNDS FOR ITS PRODUCTS. Linksys makes no warranty or representation, expressed, implied, or statutory, with respect to its products or the contents or use of this documentation and all accompanying software, and specifically disclaims its quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose. Linksys reserves the right to revise or update its products, software, or documentation without obligation to notify any individual or entity. Please direct all inquiries to: Linksys P.O. Box 18558, Irvine, CA 92623. FCC STATEMENT The Instant Broadband EtherFast Cable/DSL Router has been tested and complies with the specifications for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used according to the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which is found by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment or device Connect the equipment to an outlet other than the receivers Consult a dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for assistance
UG-BEFSR11/41/U31-010521A-AC
Configuring Your Network with the Cable/DSL Router Configuring PCs to Connect to the Cable/DSL Router Configuring the Cable/DSL Router The Cable/DSL Routers Web-based Utility Quick and Easy Router Administration Setup Password Status DHCP Logging Help IP Filtering IP Forwarding Dynamic Routing Static Routing DMZ Hosting MAC Address Cloning Troubleshooting Common Problems Frequently Asked Questions Glossary Appendix How to Ping Your ISPs E-mail & Web Addresses Installing the TCP/IP Protocol Twisted-Pair Cabling Crimping Your Own Network Cables 4-Port Router Specifications 4-Port Environmental Specifications 1-Port Router Specifications 1-Port Environmental Specifications 3-Port Router Specifications 3-Port Environmental Specifications Customer Support 83

The installation technician from your ISP should have left this information with you after installating your broadband connection. If not, you can call your ISP to request the data. Once you have the above values, you can begin the Installation and Setup of your EtherFast Cable/DSL Router. LANs and WANs Simply put, a router is a network device that connects two networks together. In this instance, your EtherFast Cable/DSL Router connects your Local Area Network (LAN), or the group of PCs in your home or office, to the Wide Area Network (WAN), that is, the Internet. Your Router processes and regulates the data that travels between these two networks. Think of your Router as a network device with two sides: the first side is made up of your private Local Area Network (LAN) of PCs, which this User Guide sometimes calls the internal LAN. The other, public side is the Internet, or the Wide Area Network (WAN), outside of your home or office.
A static IP address is a fixed IP address that you assign manually to a PC or other device on the network. Since a static IP address remains valid until you disable it, static IP addressing insures that the device assigned it will always have that same IP address. Static IP addresses are commonly used with network devices such as server PCs or print servers. If you use your Router to share your cable or DSL Internet connection, contact your ISP to find out if they have assigned a static IP address to your account. If so, you will need that static IP address when configuring your Router.
Dynamic IP Addresses A dynamic IP address is automatically assigned to a device on the network, such as PCs and print servers. These IP addresses are called dynamic because they are only temporarily assigned to the PC or device. After a certain time period, they expire and may change. If a PC logs on to the network (or the Internet) and its dynamic IP address has expired, the DHCP server will assign it a new dynamic IP address. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Servers PCs and other network devices using dynamic IP addressing are assigned a new IP address by a DHCP server. DHCP frees you from having to assign IP addresses manually every time a new user is added to your network. DHCP servers can either be a designated PC on the network or another network device, such as the Cable/DSL Router. By factory default, a DHCP server (LAN side) is enabled on your Router. If you already have a DHCP server running on your network, you must disable one of the two DHCP servers. If you run more than one DHCP server on your network,you will experience network errors, such as conflicting IP addresses. To disable DHCP on your Router, see the section on DHCP in The Cable/DSL Routers Web-based Utility.

Connecting Your Hardware Together and Booting Up 1. Before you begin, make sure that all of your hardware is powered off, including your Router, PCs, hubs, switches, and the cable or DSL modem. 2. A. If you have the 4-Port Cable/DSL Router, connect one end of a network cable to one of the LAN ports (labeled 1, 2, 3, or 4) on the back of the Router, and the other end into a standard port on a network device, e.g., a PC, print server, hub, or switch. See the Twisted-Pair Cabling section for details on network cabling. A standard port is any port other than the WAN port and the Uplink port. Its a straight-through port. Repeat the above step to connect more PCs or network devices to the Router. 2. B. If you are connecting the 1-Port Router to just one PC, plug one end of a network cable into the Routers LAN port and the other end into the PCs network adapter port. Set the Crossover Switch to crossover mode (X). If the crossover mode does not light up a Link LED, see the chart in the Getting to Know the 1-Port EtherFast Cable/DSL Router section. If you are connecting the 1-Port Router to a hub or switch, plug one end of a network cable into the Routers LAN port, and the other end into to a standard port on your networks hub or switch. Set the LAN ports Crossover Switch to its straight-through (II) mode. Please refer to the chart in the Getting to Know the 1-Port EtherFast Cable/DSL Router section. If your hub or switch has no more standard ports available, connect the Router using its LAN port to the Uplink port on the hub or switch. Set the Crossover Switch to straight-through mode (II) for this set-up. 2. C. If you have the 3-Port Cable/DSL Router, connect one end of a network cable from the one of the Routers LAN ports (labeled 1, 2, or 3) to a port on a PC, hub, switch, or other network device. The 3-Port Router features one USB plug-and-play port that connects instantly to any USB-ready PC or hub. This allows you to connect to and access your Router without even installing any network cards.
Even if you assign a static IP address to a PC, other PCs can still use DHCPs dynamic IP addressing, as long as the static IP is not within DHCP range of the LAN IP Address. If the dynamic IP addressing fails to provide a dynamic IP address for any reason, please refer to the Troubleshooting Section.

3. Connect the network cable from your cable or DSL modem to the WAN port on your Routers rear panel. This is the only port that will work for your modem connection. 4. Connect the power adapter to the Power port on the rear panel of the Router, then plug the power adapter into a power outlet.
Uplinking: Connecting More Devices to Your Router If your Routers LAN ports are all full and you still have PCs and/or devices to connect, connect a hub or a switch to your Router. To do so, use the Routers Uplink port to connect to a standard port on a hub or switch. If you have a PC/device connected to the port right next to the Uplink port (on the 3- and 4-Port Routers), disconnect that PC/device and plug it into an open port on the new hub or switch. Since the Uplink port shares internal wiring with the port right next to it, you can only use only one of these two ports at a time: these ports are called shared ports. If your new hub or switch also has an Uplink port, it too can be uplinked when you next run out of ports, and so on. Use the Routers Uplink port to connect to a standard port on a hub or switch. This leaves you with new, open ports on the hub or switch, to which you can add more PCs and/or network devices. See your nearest Linksys retailer or visit www.linksys.com for complete product lines of 10/100 Mbps hubs and switches.
Note: It is highly recommended that you plug your Router into a power strip with surge protection.
The Power LED on the front panel will light up green as soon as the power adapter is connected properly. The Diag LED will light up red for a few seconds when the Router goes through its self-diagnostic test. This LED will turn off when the self-test is complete. 5. Power on the cable or DSL modem. 6. Press the Reset button on the Routers front panel with a paper clip or a pencil. Hold the button in until the Diag LED lights up and then turns off. This will restore the Routers factory default settings. Technical Checkpoint: Did you remember to check for Link LEDs for all your connections? If all of your Link LEDs are not lighting up, make sure that all your cables are securely plugged in, and that all of your hardware is powered on properly.
The Routers hardware installation is now complete! Continue with the next section to configure the Router with your PCs.
3. Select Search for the best driver for your device (Recommended). Click the Next button.

3. Windows will display a message saying that it has finished installing the driver files on your PC. Click the Finish button.
Your USB installation is now complete. Continue on to the next page to configure your network to work with the Router.
4. Click the Properties button, then choose the IP Address tab. Select Obtain an IP address automatically. Click the OK button. You have now completed the PCs client settings, so it can connect to the Router.
Configuring Your Network with the Cable/DSL Router
Configuring PCs to Connect to the Cable/DSL Router Now you may have to configure your other PCs to accept the IP addresses that your Router will provide. If you have not set a static IP or dynamic IP address, please follow the directions below. Otherwise, skip to the next section titled Configuring Your Cable/DSL Router.
Note: Make sure that a network card or adapter has been successfully installed in each PC you plan on configuring before continuing.
Note: These instructions apply only to Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME machines. For TCP/IP setup under Windows NT or 2000, see your Windows manual.
1. Click the Start button, select Settings, then Control Panel. 2. Double-click on the Network icon. 3. In the Configuration window, select the TCP/IP protocol line associated with your network card/adapter. If there is no TCP/IP protocol line listed for your card/adapter, go to the Installing the TCP/IP Protocol section in the Appendix to install the TCP/IP protocol now. 5. Click the OK button. Windows may ask for original Windows installation files. Direct your PC to the location of the files, e.g., D:\win98, D:\win9x, D:\win95, or c:\windows\options\cabs. 6. Windows will ask you to restart the PC. Click the Yes button. 7. Repeat these steps for each PC on your network. When all of your PCs are configured, the TCP/IP setup and configuration are complete.
Continue on to the next section to complete your network setup.
Configuring the Cable/DSL Router Now that your TCP/IP setup is complete, you can begin configuring your Router.
IMPORTANT! If you have previously enabled any Internet-sharing proxy server software on any of your PCs, you must disable it now. Some examples of proxy server software are Internet LanBridge, Wingate, and Sygate. To disable your proxy server software: If you are running Netscape Navigator: Click Edit >> Preferences >> Advanced >> Proxies> and click Direct Connection to the Internet. If you are running Internet Explorer, click Start>> Settings>> Control Panel>> Internet Options>> Connections>> LAN Settings. Remove the checks from all three boxes. Click the OK button to continue. Also, you must disable any Internet log-on software (such as Ivasion Winpoet or Enternet 300) and any firewall software (such as ZoneAlarm and Watchdog) on all of your PCs.

WAN These fields display the WAN IP Address, WAN Subnet Mask and WAN Default Gateway IP address of the Router, as seen by external users on the Internet. The DNS (Domain Name System) IP Address fields show the IP address(es) of the DNS currently used by the Router. Multiple DNS IP settings are common. In most cases, the first available DNS entry is used. DHCP Clients Table This table lists the PCs that were given IP addresses by the Router. DHCP
not be greater than 253. In order to determine the DHCP IP Address range, add the starting IP address (e.g. 100) to the number of DHCP users. By default as shown, add 100 to 50, and the range is 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.150. DHCP Clients Table Click on the DHCP Clients Table button to show the current DHCP Client data. (This data is stored in temporary memory and changes periodically). Logging
The Log feature provides you with a log of all incoming and outgoing URLs or IP addresses for your Internet connection. The Logviewer keeps track of all incoming and outgoing activity that can be saved in a text file. The IP address points to the location where Logviewer is running. A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server automatically assigns IP addresses to each PC on your network for you. Unless you already have one, it is highly recommended that you leave your Router enabled as a DHCP server. DHCP Server DHCP is already enabled by factory default. If you already have a DHCP server on your network, set the Router's DHCP option to Disable and click the Apply button, then the Continue button. If you disable DHCP, remember to assign a static IP address to your Router. Starting IP Address Enter a value for the DHCP server to start with when issuing IP addresses. This value must be (192.168.1. 2) or greater, because the default IP address for your Router is 192.168.1.1. Number of DHCP Users (Optional) Enter the maximum number of PCs that you want the DHCP server to assign IP addresses to. This number can41
Outgoing Access Log lists all the URLS or IP addresses of Internet sites that users on your network have accessed, and Incoming Access Log gives you a log of all incoming Internet traffic. This data can also be accessed by other network users if the file is shared out. 1. To activate logging, select Enable next to "Access Log." 2. Specify the IP address of the PC that you want to send the log to. Make sure that this PC is using a static IP address. Click the Apply button and then the Continue button when you're done. You may download the Logviewer software at www.linksys.com for more information. 3. Click on Outgoing Access Log or Incoming Access Log to view each log. 4. To disable Logging, select Disable in the Log window, then click the Apply button and the Continue button.

To upgrade the Routers firmware: NOTE: By upgrading the Routers firmware, you may lose the Routers 1. Select the Help tab (shown on the configuration settings. previous page). 2. Click on Upgrade Firmware to display a new window (shown below):
Under the Help tab, youll find links to all of the Utilitys internal support documentation, including the application that upgrades the Routers firmware. New firmware versions are posted at www.linksys.com and can be downloaded for free. If your Router can access the Internet already, theres no need to download a newer firmware version, unless that version has a new feature that you want to use. Loading new firmware onto your Router does not enhance the speed or the quality of your connection speed. See the next section for directions on enabling remote firmware upgrades (IP Filtering). Dynamic Routing
3. Enter your Routers administration password into the Password Confirm field. 4. Click the Browse button to find the firmware upgrade file that you downloaded from the Linksys Web site. 5. Double-click the Upgrade file. Click on the Upgrade button and follow the instructions there.

IP Filtering

in the command prompt. To set the MAC filter, click the Edit MAC Filter Setting button. When a second window appears, select the range in the dropdown box, and at the MAC number prompt, enter the 12-digit MAC address you want to filter. Click the Apply button and the Continue button, before closing the window. SPI (Stateful Packet Inspection) This feature checks the state of of a packet to verify that the destination IP address matches the source IP of the original request. To use the firewall, click the Enable button; otherwise select Disable to use the NAT firewall. Blocking WAN Requests By enabling the Block WAN Request feature, you can prevent your network from being pinged, or detected, by other Internet users. The Block WAN Request feature also reinforces your network security by hiding your network ports. Both functions of the Block WAN Request feature make it more difficult for outside users to work their way into your network. Click the Apply button and then the Continue button to save your changes. Using Multicast Pass Through This feature allows for mulitple transmissions to specific recipients at the same time. Select Enable to support the feature, or Disable to keep the router from multicasting. Using IPSec Pass Through This feature lets you use IPSec Pass Through. To use this feature, click on the Enable button next to IPSec Pass Through, then click on the Apply button. To disable IPSec Pass Through, click on Disable and then click on the Apply button. Using PPTP Pass Through Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol is the method used to enable VPN (Virtual Private Networking) sessions. To enable this feature, click on Enable next to PPTP Pass Through, and then click Apply. To disable this feature, click on Disable next to PPTP Pass Through, and then click the Apply button. Using Remote Management This feature allows you to manage your Router from a remote location, via the Internet. To enable this feature, click on Enable, then click the Apply button. Remote Management must be activated before you leave to a remote location. To disable Remote Management, click on Disable, then click the Apply button. If you wish to use this feature on the browser, enter http:\\<WAN IP Address>:8080.

DMZ Hosting

The DMZ Hosting feature allows one local user to be exposed to the Internet to use a special-purpose service such as Internet gaming and video-conferencing. Whereas IP Forwarding can only forward a maximum of 10 ranges of ports, DMZ hosting forwards all the ports for one PC simultaneously. To expose one PC, enter the computers IP address and click the Apply button. Deactivate DMZ by entering a zero (0) in the field and clicking the Apply button.

MAC Address Clone

Troubleshooting
Common Problems and Solutions This section provides possible solutions to problems regarding the installation and operation of the Cable/DSL Router. Read below description to solve your problems. If you cant find an answer here, check the Linksys website at www.linksys.com. 1. I cant connect to the Cable/DSL Router. Check to see that the Cable/DSL Router is properly installed, the LAN connections are OK (Link LEDs should be on), and it is powered ON. Make sure that your PC and the Router are on the same network segment. If you are not sure, initiate the DHCP function and let the PC get the IP address automatically. Make sure that your PC is using an IP address between 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.254 and thus compatible with the Cable/DSL Router default IP address of 192.168.1.1. Also, the Subnet Mask must be set to 255.255.255.0 to match the Cable/DSL Routers Subnet Mask. You can check these settings for the Router by going to Start and Run, then type in winipcfg and press Enter. 2. The Diag LED stays lit when it should not be lit. The Diag LED lights up when the Router is first powered up. Meantime, the system will boot up itself and check for proper operation. After finishing the checking procedure, the LED turns off to show the system is working fine. If the LED remains lit after this time, the device is not working properly. Try to re-flash the firmware by assigning a static IP address to the computer, then upgrade the firmware again. For example, on one PC, use the following IP settings: IP Adress: 192.168.1.50, Subnet: 255.255.255.0, Gateway: 192.168.1.1. If that doesnt help, contact your dealer for more information. 3. I cant browse through the Cable/DSL Router. Check if both ends of the network cable and power adapter are properly connected. Check if the status LEDs on the front panel are functioning properly. If using Windows 95 or Windows 98, check the TCP/IP setup on the client side. Run "winipcfg" by clicking on the Start button, then selecting Run. The PC should have an IP address of 192.168.1.xxx ("xxx" is from 2 to 254.) Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0, the default gateway IP should be the Routers IP Address, and DNS (in "More".)

If DMZ Hosting is used, does the exposed user/PC share the public IP address with the Router? No. Does the Router pass PPTP packets or actively route PPTP sessions? The Router allows PPTP packets to pass through. Is the Router cross-platform compatible? Any platform that supports Ethernet and TCP/IP is compatible with the Router. How many ports can be simultaneously forwarded? Theoretically, the Router can establish 520 sessions at the same time, but you can only forward 10 ranges of ports. Does the Router replace a modem? Is there a cable or DSL modem in the Router? No, this version of the Router must work in conjunction with a cable or DSL modem. Which modems are compatible with the Router? This Router is compatible with virtually any cable or DSL modem that supports Ethernet. What are the advanced features of the Router? The Router's advanced features include IP Filtering, IP Forwarding, Dynamic Routing, Static Routing, DMZ hosting, and MAC Address Cloning. What is the maximum number of VPN sessions allowed by the Router? One VPN session at a time. How big is the memory buffer on the Router? 512KB. How can I check whether I have static or DHCP IP Addresses? Consult your ISP to obtain this information. How do I get mIRC to work with the Router? Under the Fowarding tab, set port forwarding to 113 for the PC on which you are using mIRC.

Glossary

10BaseT - An Ethernet standard that uses twisted wire pairs. 100BaseTX - IEEE physical layer specification for 100 Mbps over two pairs of Category 5 UTP or STP wire. 1000BASE-T - provides half-duplex (CSMA/CD) and full-duplex 1000Mb/s Ethernet service over Category 5 links as defined by ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-A. Topology rules for 1000BASE-T are the same as those used for 100BASE-T. Category 5 link lengths are limited to 100 meters by the ANSI/TIA/EIA-568A cabling standard. Only one CSMA/CD repeater will be allowed in a collision domain. Adapter - Printed circuit board that plugs into a PC to add to capabilities or connectivity to a PC. In a networked environment, a network interface card (NIC) is the typical adapter that allows the PC or server to connect to the intranet and/or Internet. Auto-negotiate - To automatically determine the correct settings. The term is often used with communications and networking. For example, Ethernet 10/100 cards, hubs and switches can determine the highest speed of the node they are connected to and adjust their transmission rate accordingly. Backbone The part of a network that connects most of the systems and networks together and handles the most data. Bandwidth - The transmission capacity of a given facility, in terms of how much data the facility can transmit in a fixed amount of time; expressed in bits per second (bps). Bit A binary digit. The value 0 or 1used in the binary numbering system. Also, the smallest form of data. Boot To cause the computer to start executing instructions. Personal computers contain built-in instructions in a ROM chip that are automatically executed on startup. These instructions search for the operating system, load it and pass control to it. Bottleneck A traffic slowdown that results when too many network nodes try to access a single node, often a server node, at once.

IPCONFIG A Windows NT or 2000 utility that provides for querying, defining and managing IP addresses within a network. A commonly used utility for configuring networks with static IP addresses. IPSec - IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) is a developing standard for security at the network or packet processing layer of network communication. A big advantage of IPSec is that security arrangements can be handled without requiring changes to individual user computers. IRQ (Interrupt ReQuest) - A hardware interrupt on a PC. There are 16 IRQ lines used to signal the CPU that a peripheral event has started or terminated. Except for PCI devices, two devices cannot use the same line. ISP - An ISP (Internet service provider) is a company that provides individuals and companies access to the Internet and other related services such as Web site building and virtual hosting. LAN - A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line and typically share the resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area (for example, within an office building). Latency - The time delay between when the first bit of a packet is received and the last bit is forwarded. MAC Address - The MAC (Media Access Control) address is your computers unique hardware number. Mbps (MegaBits Per Second) - One million bits per second; unit of measurement for data transmission. mIRC - mIRC runs under Windows and provides a graphical interface for logging onto IRC servers and listing, joining and leaving channels. Motherboard - A motherboard is the physical arrangement in a computer that contains the computers basic circuitry and components. NAT - NAT (Network Address Translation) is the translation of an Internet Protocol address (IP address) used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. One network is designated the inside network and the other is the outside.
NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface) - The transport layer for NetBIOS. NetBIOS and NetBEUI were originally part of a single protocol suite that was later separated. NetBIOS sessions can be transported over NetBEUI, TCP/IP and SPX/IPX protocols. NetBIOS - The native networking protocol in DOS and Windows networks. Although originally combined with its transport layer protocol (NetBEUI), NetBIOS today provides a programming interface for applications at the session layer (layer 5). NetBIOS can ride over NetBEUI, its native transport, which is not routable, or over TCP/IP and IPX/SPX, which are routable protocols. NetBIOS computers are identified by a unique 15-character name, and Windows machines (NetBIOS machines) periodically broadcast their names over the network so that Network Neighborhood can catalog them. For TCP/IP networks, NetBIOS names are turned into IP addresses via manual configuration in an LMHOSTS file or a WINS server. There are two NetBIOS modes. The Datagram mode is the fastest mode, but does not guarantee delivery. It uses a self-contained packet with send and receive name, usually limited to 512 bytes. If the recipient device is not listening for messages, the datagram is lost. The Session mode establishes a connection until broken. It guarantees delivery of messages up to 64KB long. Network - A system that transmits any combination of voice, video and/or data between users. Network Mask - Also known as the Subnet Mask. NIC (Network Interface Card) - A board installed in a computer system, usually a PC, to provide network communication capabilities to and from that computer system. Also called an adapter. Notebook (PC) - A notebook computer is a battery-powered personal computer generally smaller than a briefcase that can easily be transported and conveniently used in temporary spaces such as on airplanes, in libraries, temporary offices, and at meetings. A notebook computer, sometimes called a laptop computer, typically weighs less than five pounds and is three inches or less in thickness. Packet Filtering - Discarding unwanted network traffic based on its originating address or range of addresses or its type (e-mail, file transfer, etc.). Partitioning - To divide a resource or application into smaller pieces.

is made up of control programs such as the operating system and database management system (DBMS). Application software is any program that processes data for the user. A common misconception is that software is data. It is not. Software tells the hardware how to process the data. SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) - Market segment of professionals who work at home or in small offices. Static IP Address - A permanent IP address that is assigned to a node in an IP or a TCP/IP network. Static Routing - Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path. Static routing cannot adjust to changing line conditions as can dynamic routing. Storage - The semi-permanent or permanent holding place for digital data. STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) - Telephone wire that is wrapped in a metal sheath to eliminate external interference. Subnet Mask - The method used for splitting IP networks into a series of subgroups, or subnets. The mask is a binary pattern that is matched up with the IP address to turn part of the host ID address field into a field for subnets. Swapping - Replacing one segment of a program in memory with another and restoring it back to the original when required. Switch 1. A data switch connects computing devices to host computers, allowing a large number of devices to share a limited number of ports. 2. A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electrical circuit. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - A method (protocol) used along with the Internet Protocol (Internet Protocol) to send data in the form of message units between computers over the Internet. While IP takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data, TCP takes care of keeping track of the individual units of data (called packet) that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet.
TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet). When you are set up with direct access to the Internet, your computer is provided with a copy of the TCP/IP program just as every other computer that you may send messages to or get information from also has a copy of TCP/IP. TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) - A version of the TCP/IP FTP protocol that has no directory or password capability. Throughput - The amount of data moved successfully from one place to another in a given time period. Topology - A networks topology is a logical characterization of how the devices on the network are connected and the distances between them. The most common network devices include hubs, switches, routers, and gateways. Most large networks contain several levels of interconnection, the most important of which include edge connections, backbone connections, and wide-area connections. TX Rate Transmission Rate. Upgrade - To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version. Upload - To receive a file transmitted over a network. In a communications session, upload means transmit, download means receive. URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - The address that defines the route to a file on the Web or any other Internet facility. URLs are typed into the browser to access Web pages, and URLs are embedded within the pages themselves to provide the hypertext links to other pages. UTP - Unshielded twisted pair is the most common kind of copper telephone wiring. Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and many business computers to the telephone company. To reduce crosstalk or electromagnetic induction between pairs of wires, two insulated copper wires are twisted around each other. Each signal on twisted pair requires both wires. Since some telephone sets or desktop locations require multiple connections, twisted pair is sometimes installed in two or more pairs, all within a single cable.

VLAN (Virtual LAN) - A logical association that allows users to communicate as if they were physically connected to a single LAN, independent of the actual physical configuration of the network. Virtual Server - Multiple servers that appear as one server, or one system image, to the operating system or for network administration. Wake-on-LAN - Wake on LAN is a technology that allows a network professional to remotely power on a computer or to wake it up from sleep mode. WAN - A communications network that covers a wide geographic area, such as state or country. WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) - A data privacy mechanism based on a 64bit shared key algorithm, as described in the IEEE 802.11 standard. WINIPCFG - Configuration utility based on the Win32 API for querying, defining and managing IP addresses within a network. A commonly used utility for configuring networks with static IP addresses. Workgroup - Two or more individuals that share files and databases.
Step One: To Ping an IP Address The first step to determining your ISPs web and e-mail server address is to ping its IP Address. 1. Power on the PC and the cable or DSL modem, and restore the network configuration set by your ISP if you have since changed it. 2. Click Start, then Run, and type "command" to bring up the DOS window. 3. At the DOS command prompt, type "ping mail" (assuming that the location for which youre trying to find an IP address is configured as mail). Press Enter. Information such as the following data, taken from a ping of Microsoft Networks email server, will be displayed. C:\>ping mail Pinging mail [24.53.32.4] with 32 bytes of data: Reply Reply Reply Reply from from from from 24.53.32.4: 24.53.32.4: 24.53.32.4: 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 bytes=32 bytes=32 bytes=32 time<10ms time<10ms time<10ms time<10ms TTL=128 TTL=128 TTL=128 TTL=128

Appendix

How to Ping Your ISPs E-mail & Web Addresses Almost all Internet addresses are configured with words and characters, i.e., www.linksys.com, www.yahoo.com, etc. However, these Internet addresses are actually assigned to IP addresses, numerical values which are the true addresses on the Internet. For example, www.linksys.com is actually 206.135.116.3. Type it into your web browser and you will bring up the Linksys home page every time. However, IP and web addresses are sometimes long and hard to remember. Because of this, certain ISPs will shorten their server addresses to single words or codes on their customers web browser or e-mail configurations. If your ISPs e-mail and Web server addresses are configured with single words (www, e-mail, home, pop3, etc.) instead of complete Internet addresses or IP addresses, your Router may have problems sending or receiving email and accessing the Internet. This happens because your Router has not been configured by your ISP to accept their abbreviated server addresses. The solution is to find the true web addresses behind your ISPs code words. You can find these IP and web addresses of your ISPs servers by pinging them. If you do not have your ISPs web and e-mail IP addresses, you must either get them from your ISP or follow these steps prior to connecting your Cable/DSL Router to your network.

Ping statistics for 24.53.32.4: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms 4. Write down the IP address returned by the ping command. (In the example above: 24.53.32.4.) This IP address is the actual IP address of the server mail, or any other word or value you have pinged.
Step Two: Pinging for a Web Address While the IP address returned above would work as your e-mail server address, it may not be permanent. IP addresses change all the time. Web addresses, however, usually dont. Because of this, youre likely to have less problems by configuring your system with web addresses rather than IP addresses. Follow the instructions below to find the web address assigned to the IP address you just pinged. 1. At the DOS command prompt, type ping -a 24.53.32.4, where 24.53.32.4 is the IP address you just pinged. Information such as the following data will be displayed. C:\>ping -a 24.53.32.4 Pinging mail.msnv3.occa.home.com [24.53.32.4] with 32 bytes of data: Reply Reply Reply Reply from from from from 24.53.32.4: 24.53.32.4: 24.53.32.4: 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 bytes=32 bytes=32 bytes=32 time<10ms time<10ms time<10ms time<10ms TTL=127 TTL=127 TTL=127 TTL=127
Installing the TCP/IP Protocol Follow these instructions to install the TCP/IP protocol on one of your PCs only after a network card has been successfully installed inside the PC. These instructions are for Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME. For TCP/IP setup under Windows NT, see your Windows NT manual. 1. Click the Start button. Choose Settings and then Control Panel. 2. Double-click on the Network icon to bring up your Network window. Select the Configuration tab.
Ping statistics for 24.53.32.4: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms 2. Write down the web address returned by the ping command. (In the example above: mail.msnv3.occa.home.com.) This web address is the web address assigned to the IP address you just pinged. While the IP address of mail could change, it is likely that this web address will not. 3. Replace your ISPs abbreviated server address with this extended web address in the corresponding Internet application (web browser, e-mail application, etc.). Once you have replaced the brief server address with the true server address, your Router should have no problem accessing the Internet through that Internet application.
3. Click the Add button. 4. Double-click on Protocol. 5. Highlight Microsoft under the list of manufacturers.
6. Find and double-click TCP/IP in the list to the right (below).
Twisted-Pair Cabling There are different grades, or categories, of twisted-pair cabling. Category 5 is the most reliable and most highly recommended. Category 3 is a good second choice. Straight-through cables are used for connecting computers to a hub. Crossover cables are used for connecting a hub to another hub (there is an exception: some hubs have a built-in uplink port that is crossed internally, which allows you to link or connect hubs together with a straight-through cable instead). You can buy pre-made Category 5 cables, or cut and crimp your own. Category 5 cables can be purchased or crimped as either straight-through or crossover. Inside a Category 5 cable are 8 thin, color-coded wires inside that run from one end of the cable to the other. All 8 wires are used. In a straightthrough cable, wires 1, 2, 3, and 6 at one end of the cable are also wires 1, 2, 3, and 6 at the other end. In a crossover cable, the order of the wires change from one end to the other: wire 1 becomes 3, and 2 becomes 6. See the diagrams on the next page for more detailed information on straightthrough and crossover cabling.

Configuring the Linksys BEFSR41 router to facilitate the operation of non-DHCP devices
1.) Throw away the startup CD that shipped with the unit. It is not helpful. 2.) Plug the router into AC power. 3.) Using a LAN cable, plug a PC (desktop or laptop) into the back of the router in the jack #1. 4.) Start Internet Explorer. Go to the webpage http://192.168.1.1 When asked to log in use the username admin and the password admin
5.) Click on Applications & Gaming

6.) Click on DMZ

7.) Set DMZ to Enable and set DMZ Host IP Address to 192.168.1.2

Be sure to click save!

You should see this message after clicking Save Settings:

8.) Click on Status

9.) Note the MAC address displayed on the screen and record it in your files. Be advised that this special MAC address is not the same as the inbound MAC address printed on the router itself. Provide this MAC address to your Computing Consultant and request that an entry in LUNET be made
THE ROUTER SETUP IS NOW COMPLETE. ALL CABLES CAN BE UNPLUGGED AND THE ROUTER CAN NOW BE INSTALLED IN ITS PERMANENT LOCATION
Instructions for configuring your non-DCHP compliant device:
1.) Plug the device into jack #1 on the Linksys router. 2.) Connect the Lehigh LAN into the Linksys router port marked Internet 3.) Configure your device with the following settings in mind: IP = 192.168.1.2 Mask = 255.255.255.0 Gateway = 192.168.1.1
The Linksys router will now use DHCP to get its IP address on Lehighs network. It will translate all the IP packets and send them to and from the device.