UG-BEFSR11/41/U31-010521A-AC
Configuring Your Network with the Cable/DSL Router Configuring PCs to Connect to the Cable/DSL Router Configuring the Cable/DSL Router The Cable/DSL Routers Web-based Utility Quick and Easy Router Administration Setup Password Status DHCP Logging Help IP Filtering IP Forwarding Dynamic Routing Static Routing DMZ Hosting MAC Address Cloning Troubleshooting Common Problems Frequently Asked Questions Glossary Appendix How to Ping Your ISPs E-mail & Web Addresses Installing the TCP/IP Protocol Twisted-Pair Cabling Crimping Your Own Network Cables 4-Port Router Specifications 4-Port Environmental Specifications 1-Port Router Specifications 1-Port Environmental Specifications 3-Port Router Specifications 3-Port Environmental Specifications Customer Support 83

Table of Contents

Introduction The Linksys EtherFast Cable/DSL Router Features Package Contents for the 1-Port Router (BEFSR11) Network Requirements Package Contents for the 3-Port Router (BEFSRU31) Network Requirements Package Contents for the 4-Port Router (BEFSR41) Network Requirements Getting to Know the 4-Port EtherFast Cable/DSL Router The 4-Port Routers Rear Panel The 4-Port Routers Front Panel LEDs Getting to Know the 1-Port EtherFast Cable/DSL Router The 1-Port Routers Rear Panel The 1-Port Routers Front Panel LEDs Getting to Know the 3-Port EtherFast Cable/DSL Router The 3-Port Routers Rear Panel The 3-Port Routers Front Panel LEDs Connecting the Cable/DSL Router to Your Network Overview LANs and WANs IP Addresses: A Quick Lesson Connecting Your Hardware Together & Booting Up Uplinking: Connecting More Devices to Your Router Configuring the BEFSRU31s USB Port Windows 98 Configuration Windows 2000 Configuration Windows Millennium Configuration 4
Package Contents for the 1-Port Router (BEFSR11)

Introduction

The Linksys EtherFast Cable/DSL Router Congratulations on the purchase of the EtherFast Cable/DSL Router from Linksys! The EtherFast Cable/DSL Router is the perfect solution for connecting a network of PCs to a high-speed broadband Internet connection and to an Ethernet network backbone. Configurable as a DHCP server, the EtherFast Cable/DSL Router is the only visible network device on the Internet. The Router also serves as your Internet NAT firewall, protecting your networks PCs from being accessed by external users. All incoming data packets are monitored and filtered. The Router can also be configured to block internal users' access to the Internet with IP Filtering, as well as to play Internet games, videoconference, and much more. Now all of your PCs can enjoy lightning-fast broadband Internet connections and share internal network data. Link them all together and network faster than you ever thought possible. Features Connect a Broadband Modem to an Ethernet Network Backbone Equipped With a 3 or 4-Port 10/100 Switch (BEFSRU31 & BEFSR41 v2 only) Connects Up to 254 PCs to the Internet with Just One IP Address NAT Firewall Protects Your PCs From Outside Intruders on the Internet Configurable Through a PCs Web Browser Using Netscape Navigator 4.0 or Internet Explorer 4.0 or Higher Supports IPSec Pass-Through for Virtual Private Networking (VPNs)* Administer Your Router Remotely Over the Internet 10/100 Switch Speeds Up Your Gaming and Multimedia Connections (BEFSRU31 & BEFSR41 v2 only) Configurable as a DHCP Server on Your Network Compatible with Virtually All Standard Internet Applications Administrators Can Block Specific Internal Users' Internet Access DMZ Hosting Feature Enables Internet Multimedia Applications Such as Video-Conferencing and Internet Gaming

USB ports do not work on PCs running Windows 95 or Windows NT.
USB Compatibility with Your PC
To use the USB port on the 3-Port Router, you must have Windows 98, 2000, or Millennium installed on your PC. USB cannot run in a Windows 95 or NT environment. Also, your PC must have a USB port installed and enabled. Some PCs may have a disabled USB port. If your port doesnt seem to be working, there may be jumpers on the motherboard or a menu option in the BIOS to enable a PCs USB port. These three LAN ports connect to your PCs, hubs, switches, print servers, or any other device with an Ethernet port. The Uplink port connects to another hub or switch for port expansion when you run out of open ports for your network devices. Since the Uplink port and the standard port right next to it share internal wiring, you can only use one of the two ports at a time. This WAN port connects to your cable or DSL modem. Your modem connection will not work from any other port. The Power port is where you will connect the power adapter. The USB port (Type B - slave) can connect to a USB-ready PC or a USB hub. This allows you to enjoy an immediate, plug-and-play connection without even installing a network adapter for your PC. To work with USB ports, your PC must be running Windows 98, 2000, or Millennium. Other motherboards have USB interfaces, but no ports. You can install your own USB port and attach it to your PCs motherboard using hardware purchased at retail computer stores. See your PCs User Guide for instructions.
The 3-Port Routers Ports Ports 1-3
This USB icon denotes the presence of a USB port or connector.
Your 3-Port Router comes with a USB cable that has two different types of connectors. Type A, the master connector, is shaped like a rectangle and plugs into your PCs USB port. Type B, the slave connector, resembles a square and connects to the USB port on the rear panel of your Router.

USB Type A

USB Type B
Buttons The Reset Button Details on the Reset button are found in the Getting to Know the 4-Port EtherFast Cable/DSL Router section.
USB The USB LED lights up when the USB port is successfully connected to a PC, USB hub, or other USB device.
The WAN Indicators The 3-Port Routers Front Panel LEDs Link Green. The Link LED lights up when a successful connection is made between the Router and your broadband device or network. Green. The Act LED flickers when the Router is sending or receiving data over the broadband WAN port. Red. The Diag LED lights up when the Router goes through its self-diagnostic mode. It will turn off upon successful completion of the diagnosis. If this LED stays on for an abnormally long period of time, see the Troubleshooting section.

3. Connect the network cable from your cable or DSL modem to the WAN port on your Routers rear panel. This is the only port that will work for your modem connection. 4. Connect the power adapter to the Power port on the rear panel of the Router, then plug the power adapter into a power outlet.
Uplinking: Connecting More Devices to Your Router If your Routers LAN ports are all full and you still have PCs and/or devices to connect, connect a hub or a switch to your Router. To do so, use the Routers Uplink port to connect to a standard port on a hub or switch. If you have a PC/device connected to the port right next to the Uplink port (on the 3- and 4-Port Routers), disconnect that PC/device and plug it into an open port on the new hub or switch. Since the Uplink port shares internal wiring with the port right next to it, you can only use only one of these two ports at a time: these ports are called shared ports. If your new hub or switch also has an Uplink port, it too can be uplinked when you next run out of ports, and so on. Use the Routers Uplink port to connect to a standard port on a hub or switch. This leaves you with new, open ports on the hub or switch, to which you can add more PCs and/or network devices. See your nearest Linksys retailer or visit www.linksys.com for complete product lines of 10/100 Mbps hubs and switches.
Note: It is highly recommended that you plug your Router into a power strip with surge protection.
The Power LED on the front panel will light up green as soon as the power adapter is connected properly. The Diag LED will light up red for a few seconds when the Router goes through its self-diagnostic test. This LED will turn off when the self-test is complete. 5. Power on the cable or DSL modem. 6. Press the Reset button on the Routers front panel with a paper clip or a pencil. Hold the button in until the Diag LED lights up and then turns off. This will restore the Routers factory default settings. Technical Checkpoint: Did you remember to check for Link LEDs for all your connections? If all of your Link LEDs are not lighting up, make sure that all your cables are securely plugged in, and that all of your hardware is powered on properly.
The Routers hardware installation is now complete! Continue with the next section to configure the Router with your PCs.
3. Select Search for the best driver for your device (Recommended). Click the Next button.

Configuring the BEFSRU31s USB Port
Use the enclosed USB cable to connect your PC to the Router: the Type A end connects to your PCs USB port, while Type B connects to the Routers USB port. Now that all of your Routers hardware is connected together, you must enable the PC that will connect to the Router through its USB port. Since your USB connection acts as a network adapter for your PC, theres no need for you to install a network adapter for that PC. Just follow the directions below to enable your PCs USB connection to the Router: If you are running Windows 98, continue on this page, below. For other Windows operating systems, please refer to the apropriate section as listed in the Table of Contents. After you finish this configuration, make sure that TCP/IP is installed on your PC(s). For instructions on installing TCP/IP, see the Installing the TCP/IP Protocol section in the Appendix. You can also connect your Routers USB port to other USB devices besides USB-ready PCs, such as USB hubs. USB Configuration for Windows 98 1. With the router connected to your PCs USB port, start up your PC in Windows 98 and insert the driver diskette. 2. Windows will display a message saying that it has detected new hardware. Click the Next button.
4. Select Floppy disk drives and click the Next button to start the search for your driver.
5. A new window will appear, saying that Windows is now ready to install the best driver for this device. Click the Next button to continue.
7. Windows will notify you that it has completed copying the driver files to your PC. Click the Finish button.
6. Windows will begin copying the files to your PC. Do not click the Cancel button or press the Esc key during this process. If Windows asks for your Windows operating system files before copying, direct your PC to the location of those files, e.g, c:\windows\options\cabs, or D:\Win98 (assuming that your CD-ROM drive is named D).
8. Windows will ask you if you want to restart your PC. Click the Yes button so your new installation will take effect. If it does not ask you, click the Start button, select Shut Down, then select Restart and click the Yes button.
Your USB installation is now complete. Go to the Configuring Your Network with the Cable/DSL Router section to configure your network to work with the Router.
USB Configuration for Windows 2000 1. With the Router connected to your PCs USB port, start up your PC in Windows 2000 and insert your driver diskette. Windows will show a message notifying you that the PC has found new hardware. Windows Hardware Wizard will show a message to say that it is ready to start installing the driver files to your PC. Click the Next button.

3. When Windows asks you where to search for driver files, select Floppy disk drives and click the Next button.
4. Windows will show a message saying that it has found the driver files. Click the Next button.
2. Select Search for a suitable driver for my device (Recommended) and click the Next button.
5. When the Digital Signature Not Found screen appears, Windows will ask you if you want to continue with the installation. Click the Yes button.
7. Windows will display a message saying that it has finished installing the driver files on your PC. Click the Finish button to complete the installation.
6. Click the Next button for Windows to copy the driver files to your PC.
8. Go to the Start button, select the Settings option, then the Network and Dial-up Connections option, and click the Local Area Connection icon. Click the Properties button to display the screen below. Highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) as shown below, click on the Properties button, and make sure that TCP/IP is set to Obtain an IP Address automatically.
USB Configuration for Windows Millennium 1. With the router connected to your PCs USB port, start up your PC in Windows Millennium and insert your driver diskette.
4. Windows will ask you to restart your PC. Click the Yes button.
2. Windows will notify you that new hardware has been detected (shown above). Select Automatic search for a better drive (Recommended) and click the Next button.
5. When your PC is finished restarting, click the Start button, select Settings, Control Panel, and Network. Make sure that TCP/IP is installed for your PC as shown on the screen below. If TCP/IP is not installed, please go to the Installing the TCP/IP Protocol section in the Appendix for instructions on installation.
3. Windows will display a message saying that it has finished installing the driver files on your PC. Click the Finish button.
Your USB installation is now complete. Continue on to the next page to configure your network to work with the Router.
4. Click the Properties button, then choose the IP Address tab. Select Obtain an IP address automatically. Click the OK button. You have now completed the PCs client settings, so it can connect to the Router.
Configuring Your Network with the Cable/DSL Router
Configuring PCs to Connect to the Cable/DSL Router Now you may have to configure your other PCs to accept the IP addresses that your Router will provide. If you have not set a static IP or dynamic IP address, please follow the directions below. Otherwise, skip to the next section titled Configuring Your Cable/DSL Router.
Note: Make sure that a network card or adapter has been successfully installed in each PC you plan on configuring before continuing.

Note: These instructions apply only to Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME machines. For TCP/IP setup under Windows NT or 2000, see your Windows manual.
1. Click the Start button, select Settings, then Control Panel. 2. Double-click on the Network icon. 3. In the Configuration window, select the TCP/IP protocol line associated with your network card/adapter. If there is no TCP/IP protocol line listed for your card/adapter, go to the Installing the TCP/IP Protocol section in the Appendix to install the TCP/IP protocol now. 5. Click the OK button. Windows may ask for original Windows installation files. Direct your PC to the location of the files, e.g., D:\win98, D:\win9x, D:\win95, or c:\windows\options\cabs. 6. Windows will ask you to restart the PC. Click the Yes button. 7. Repeat these steps for each PC on your network. When all of your PCs are configured, the TCP/IP setup and configuration are complete.
Continue on to the next section to complete your network setup.
Configuring the Cable/DSL Router Now that your TCP/IP setup is complete, you can begin configuring your Router.
IMPORTANT! If you have previously enabled any Internet-sharing proxy server software on any of your PCs, you must disable it now. Some examples of proxy server software are Internet LanBridge, Wingate, and Sygate. To disable your proxy server software: If you are running Netscape Navigator: Click Edit >> Preferences >> Advanced >> Proxies> and click Direct Connection to the Internet. If you are running Internet Explorer, click Start>> Settings>> Control Panel>> Internet Options>> Connections>> LAN Settings. Remove the checks from all three boxes. Click the OK button to continue. Also, you must disable any Internet log-on software (such as Ivasion Winpoet or Enternet 300) and any firewall software (such as ZoneAlarm and Watchdog) on all of your PCs.
3. The Cable/DSL Routers Setup page will appear.
Note: Your screen may vary slightly from the screen shown here.
1. Open your web browser and type http://192.168.1.1 in the browsers Address field. This number is the Routers default IP address. Press the Enter key.
2. A username and password prompt will appear. Leave the User Name field empty and type admin, which is the default password, into the Password box. Click the OK button.
4. Configure the following values: Host Name & Domain Name These fields allow you to give the Router a Host and Domain name. Some ISPs require these names as identification. You may have to check with your ISP to see if your broadband Internet service has been configured with Host and Domain names. In most cases, leaving these two fields blank will still work. LAN IP Address These values refer to your internal network settings. Unless you have specific internal needs, there should be no reason to change these values. For the internal LAN side, the Routers default values are as follows: Private IP Address: 192.168.1.1

Outgoing Access Log lists all the URLS or IP addresses of Internet sites that users on your network have accessed, and Incoming Access Log gives you a log of all incoming Internet traffic. This data can also be accessed by other network users if the file is shared out. 1. To activate logging, select Enable next to "Access Log." 2. Specify the IP address of the PC that you want to send the log to. Make sure that this PC is using a static IP address. Click the Apply button and then the Continue button when you're done. You may download the Logviewer software at www.linksys.com for more information. 3. Click on Outgoing Access Log or Incoming Access Log to view each log. 4. To disable Logging, select Disable in the Log window, then click the Apply button and the Continue button.
To upgrade the Routers firmware: NOTE: By upgrading the Routers firmware, you may lose the Routers 1. Select the Help tab (shown on the configuration settings. previous page). 2. Click on Upgrade Firmware to display a new window (shown below):
Under the Help tab, youll find links to all of the Utilitys internal support documentation, including the application that upgrades the Routers firmware. New firmware versions are posted at www.linksys.com and can be downloaded for free. If your Router can access the Internet already, theres no need to download a newer firmware version, unless that version has a new feature that you want to use. Loading new firmware onto your Router does not enhance the speed or the quality of your connection speed. See the next section for directions on enabling remote firmware upgrades (IP Filtering). Dynamic Routing
3. Enter your Routers administration password into the Password Confirm field. 4. Click the Browse button to find the firmware upgrade file that you downloaded from the Linksys Web site. 5. Double-click the Upgrade file. Click on the Upgrade button and follow the instructions there.

IP Filtering

in the command prompt. To set the MAC filter, click the Edit MAC Filter Setting button. When a second window appears, select the range in the dropdown box, and at the MAC number prompt, enter the 12-digit MAC address you want to filter. Click the Apply button and the Continue button, before closing the window. SPI (Stateful Packet Inspection) This feature checks the state of of a packet to verify that the destination IP address matches the source IP of the original request. To use the firewall, click the Enable button; otherwise select Disable to use the NAT firewall. Blocking WAN Requests By enabling the Block WAN Request feature, you can prevent your network from being pinged, or detected, by other Internet users. The Block WAN Request feature also reinforces your network security by hiding your network ports. Both functions of the Block WAN Request feature make it more difficult for outside users to work their way into your network. Click the Apply button and then the Continue button to save your changes. Using Multicast Pass Through This feature allows for mulitple transmissions to specific recipients at the same time. Select Enable to support the feature, or Disable to keep the router from multicasting. Using IPSec Pass Through This feature lets you use IPSec Pass Through. To use this feature, click on the Enable button next to IPSec Pass Through, then click on the Apply button. To disable IPSec Pass Through, click on Disable and then click on the Apply button. Using PPTP Pass Through Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol is the method used to enable VPN (Virtual Private Networking) sessions. To enable this feature, click on Enable next to PPTP Pass Through, and then click Apply. To disable this feature, click on Disable next to PPTP Pass Through, and then click the Apply button. Using Remote Management This feature allows you to manage your Router from a remote location, via the Internet. To enable this feature, click on Enable, then click the Apply button. Remote Management must be activated before you leave to a remote location. To disable Remote Management, click on Disable, then click the Apply button. If you wish to use this feature on the browser, enter http:\\<WAN IP Address>:8080.

3. Enter the incoming port range used by the application. 4. Click the Apply button to continue.

Dynamic Routing

Static Routing
With Dynamic Routing, you can automatically adjust to physical changes in the network's layout. The Router, using the RIP protocol, calculates the most efficient route for the networks data packets to travel between the source and the destination, based upon the shortest paths. The RIP protocol regularly broadcasts routing information to other routers on the network. To set up dynamic routing: 1. Select the correct working mode. Gateway Mode should be used if your Router is hosting your network's connection to the Internet. Router Mode should be selected if the Router exists on a network with other routers. 2. Select the protocol (TX) by which you transmit data on the network. 3. Select the protocol (RX) by which the Router receives network data. 4. Click the Apply button to save your changes. Static Rou If your Cable/DSL Router is connected to more than one network, you may have to set up a static route between the two networks. A static route is a predetermined pathway that network data packets must travel to reach a specific host or network. Click the Show Routing Table button to view the current static routing configuration. To create a static route entry:
1. Select Static Route Entry from the drop-down list. The Cable/DSL Router supports up to 20 static route entries. 2. Enter the following data to create a static route: Destination LAN IP The Destination LAN IP address is the Address of the remote network or host to which you want to assign a static route. Enter the IP address of the host for which you wish to create a static route here. If you are establishing a route to an entire network, be sure that the network portion of the IP address is set to zero (0). For example, the Routers standard IP address is 192.168.1.1. Based on this address, the address of the network to which the Router is connected is 192.168.1, with the last digit (1, in this case) determining the Routers place on the network. Therefore, you would enter the IP address 192.168.1.0 if you wanted to route to the Routers entire network, rather than to just the Router. Subnet Mask The Subnet Mask (also called the Network Mask) determines which portion of an IP address is the network portion and which portion is the host portion. In the example above, the Network Mask is 255.255.255.0. This determines (by using the values 255) that the first three numbers of an network IP address identify this particular network, while the last digit (from 1 to 254) would identify the specific host. Default Gateway This IP address must be the IP address of the gateway device that allows for contact between the Router and the remote network or host. Hop Count This value gives the number of nodes that a data packet passes through before reaching its destination. A node is any device on the network, such as switches, PCs, etc. Interface Interface tells you whether your network is on the LAN or the WAN, or the Internet. If youre connecting to a sub- network, select LAN. If youre connecting to another network through the Internet, select WAN. 3. Click the Apply button to save your changes.

Note: This is a sample screen. Please enter the MAC Address for your Network Card/Adapter into this field.
Clicking on the "MAC Address" tab (next to WAN IP Address) displays your Router's MAC address, which is a 12-digit code assigned to a unique piece of hardware for identification, like a social security number. Some ISPs require that you register the MAC address of your network card/adapter connected to your cable or DSL modem during installation. If your ISPs require MAC address registration, find your adapter's MAC address by doing the following: If you are running Windows 98: Click the Start button, select Run, type in "command," and press the Enter key. At the DOS prompt, type "winipcfg." If you are running Windows 2000 or Millennium: Click the Start button, select Run, type in "command," and press the Enter key. At the DOS prompt, type "ipconfig/all." The "Physical Address" with 12 digits is your Routers MAC address. Enter those 12 digits into the fields below, and click the Apply button. This clones your network adapters MAC address onto your Router, and prevents you from having to call your ISP to change the registered MAC address to the Routers MAC address.
Same as above, check the same setup values in the Status Monitor page of the Cable/DSL Router. 4. When I enter a URL or IP address, I get a Request timed out error. Check to see if other PCs give you the same error message. If they do, make sure that your workstations IP settings are correct: IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and DNS Server data. If the PCs are configured correctly but still not working, check the Cable/DSL Router. Make sure that it is connected and powered on. Connect to the Router and check its settings. If you cannot connect to it, check the LAN and power connections. If the Cable/DSL Router is configured correctly, check your Internet connection. (DSL/cable modem, etc.) to see that it is working correctly. 5. I cant obtain an IP address from my cable or DSL modem. Make sure that all of your cabling is properly connected and that all of the Routers WAN and LAN LEDs are lighting up. Power down your cable or DSL modem for a few seconds. Turn it back on. After the modem goes through its self-test, check to see if you now have an IP address. Make sure that your cable or DSL modem is DHCP-capable. You may have to enter the Host or Domain name in the Setup page of the Routers web-based utility. Go to page 34 for more information. Your ISP may require MAC Addresses. Check with your ISP. This address can be obtained in the Status screen of the Routers Web-based Utility. 6. I cant access my email or the Internet. Some ISPs,especially cable providers, configure their networks so that you dont have to enter a full Internet address into your web browser or e-mail application to reach your home page or receive your e-mail. If your Internet home page address is something very simple, such as www, instead of www.linksys.com, or your e-mail servers address is something like e-mail or pop3, instead of pop.mail.linksys.com, you wont be able to properly configure your Cable/DSL Router until you determine the actual Internet addresses of your Web and e-mail connections. You must obtain this information before connecting the Router to your network. To do so, you can ask your ISP, or turn to page 59 to learn how to find this data yourself by pinging your Router for an IP address.

NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface) - The transport layer for NetBIOS. NetBIOS and NetBEUI were originally part of a single protocol suite that was later separated. NetBIOS sessions can be transported over NetBEUI, TCP/IP and SPX/IPX protocols. NetBIOS - The native networking protocol in DOS and Windows networks. Although originally combined with its transport layer protocol (NetBEUI), NetBIOS today provides a programming interface for applications at the session layer (layer 5). NetBIOS can ride over NetBEUI, its native transport, which is not routable, or over TCP/IP and IPX/SPX, which are routable protocols. NetBIOS computers are identified by a unique 15-character name, and Windows machines (NetBIOS machines) periodically broadcast their names over the network so that Network Neighborhood can catalog them. For TCP/IP networks, NetBIOS names are turned into IP addresses via manual configuration in an LMHOSTS file or a WINS server. There are two NetBIOS modes. The Datagram mode is the fastest mode, but does not guarantee delivery. It uses a self-contained packet with send and receive name, usually limited to 512 bytes. If the recipient device is not listening for messages, the datagram is lost. The Session mode establishes a connection until broken. It guarantees delivery of messages up to 64KB long. Network - A system that transmits any combination of voice, video and/or data between users. Network Mask - Also known as the Subnet Mask. NIC (Network Interface Card) - A board installed in a computer system, usually a PC, to provide network communication capabilities to and from that computer system. Also called an adapter. Notebook (PC) - A notebook computer is a battery-powered personal computer generally smaller than a briefcase that can easily be transported and conveniently used in temporary spaces such as on airplanes, in libraries, temporary offices, and at meetings. A notebook computer, sometimes called a laptop computer, typically weighs less than five pounds and is three inches or less in thickness. Packet Filtering - Discarding unwanted network traffic based on its originating address or range of addresses or its type (e-mail, file transfer, etc.). Partitioning - To divide a resource or application into smaller pieces.
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) - A peripheral bus commonly used in PCs, Macintoshes and workstations. It was designed primarily by Intel and first appeared on PCs in late 1993. PCI provides a high-speed data path between the CPU and peripheral devices (video, disk, network, etc.). There are typically three or four PCI slots on the motherboard. In a Pentium PC, there is generally a mix of PCI and ISA slots or PCI and EISA slots. Early on, the PCI bus was known as a local bus. PCI provides plug and play capability, automatically configuring the PCI cards at startup. When PCI is used with the ISA bus, the only thing that is generally required is to indicate in the CMOS memory which IRQs are already in use by ISA cards. PCI takes care of the rest. PCI allows IRQs to be shared, which helps to solve the problem of limited IRQs available on a PC. For example, if there were only one IRQ left over after ISA devices were given their required IRQs, all PCI devices could share it. In a PCI-only machine, there cannot be insufficient IRQs, as all can be shared. PCMCIA - The PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) is an industry group organized in 1989 to promote standards for a credit card-size memory or I/O device that would fit into a personal computer, usually a notebook or laptop computer. Ping - (Packet INternet Groper) An Internet utility used to determine whether a particular IP address is online. It is used to test and debug a network by sending out a packet and waiting for a response. Plug-and-Play - The ability of a computer system to configure expansion boards and other devices automatically without requiring the user to turn off the system during installation. Port - A pathway into and out of the computer or a network device such as a switch or router. For example, the serial and parallel ports on a personal computer are external sockets for plugging in communications lines, modems and printers. Port Mirroring - Port mirroring, also known as a roving analysis port, is a method of monitoring network traffic that forwards a copy of each incoming and outgoing packet from one port of a network switch to another port where the packet can be studied. A network administrator uses port mirroring as a diagnostic tool or debugging feature, especially when fending off an attack. It

enables the administrator to keep close track of switch performance and alter it if necessary. Port mirroring can be managed locally or remotely. PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) - A method used mostly by DSL providers for connecting personal computers to a broadband modem for Internet access. It is similar to how a dial-up connection works but at higher speeds and quicker access. PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) - A protocol (set of communication rules) that allows corporations to extend their own corporate network through private tunnels over the public Internet. Effectively, a corporation uses a wide-area network as a single large local area network. A company no longer needs to lease its own lines for wide-area communication but can securely use the public networks. This kind of interconnection is known as a virtual private network. PrintServer - A hardware device that enables a printer to be located anywhere in the network. RIP (Routing Information Protocol) - A simple routing protocol that is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite. It determines a route based on the smallest hop count between source and destination. RIP is a distance vector protocol that routinely broadcasts routing information to its neighboring routers and is known to waste bandwidth. AppleTalk, DECnet, TCP/IP, NetWare and VINES all use incompatible versions of RIP. RJ-11 (Registered Jack-11) - A telephone connector that holds up to six wires. The RJ-11 the common connector used to plug a telephone into a wall. RJ-45 (Registered Jack-45) - A connector similar to a telephone connector that holds up to eight wires, used for connecting Ethernet devices. Router - Protocol-dependent device that connects subnetworks together. Routers are useful in breaking down a very large network into smaller subnetworks; they introduce longer delays and typically have much lower throughput rates than bridges. Server - Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user access to files, printing, communications, and other services. Software - Instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performs a particular task is called a program. The two major categories of software are system software and application software. System software
is made up of control programs such as the operating system and database management system (DBMS). Application software is any program that processes data for the user. A common misconception is that software is data. It is not. Software tells the hardware how to process the data. SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) - Market segment of professionals who work at home or in small offices. Static IP Address - A permanent IP address that is assigned to a node in an IP or a TCP/IP network. Static Routing - Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path. Static routing cannot adjust to changing line conditions as can dynamic routing. Storage - The semi-permanent or permanent holding place for digital data. STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) - Telephone wire that is wrapped in a metal sheath to eliminate external interference. Subnet Mask - The method used for splitting IP networks into a series of subgroups, or subnets. The mask is a binary pattern that is matched up with the IP address to turn part of the host ID address field into a field for subnets. Swapping - Replacing one segment of a program in memory with another and restoring it back to the original when required. Switch 1. A data switch connects computing devices to host computers, allowing a large number of devices to share a limited number of ports. 2. A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electrical circuit. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) - A method (protocol) used along with the Internet Protocol (Internet Protocol) to send data in the form of message units between computers over the Internet. While IP takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data, TCP takes care of keeping track of the individual units of data (called packet) that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet.

Step One: To Ping an IP Address The first step to determining your ISPs web and e-mail server address is to ping its IP Address. 1. Power on the PC and the cable or DSL modem, and restore the network configuration set by your ISP if you have since changed it. 2. Click Start, then Run, and type "command" to bring up the DOS window. 3. At the DOS command prompt, type "ping mail" (assuming that the location for which youre trying to find an IP address is configured as mail). Press Enter. Information such as the following data, taken from a ping of Microsoft Networks email server, will be displayed. C:\>ping mail Pinging mail [24.53.32.4] with 32 bytes of data: Reply Reply Reply Reply from from from from 24.53.32.4: 24.53.32.4: 24.53.32.4: 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 bytes=32 bytes=32 bytes=32 time<10ms time<10ms time<10ms time<10ms TTL=128 TTL=128 TTL=128 TTL=128

Appendix

How to Ping Your ISPs E-mail & Web Addresses Almost all Internet addresses are configured with words and characters, i.e., www.linksys.com, www.yahoo.com, etc. However, these Internet addresses are actually assigned to IP addresses, numerical values which are the true addresses on the Internet. For example, www.linksys.com is actually 206.135.116.3. Type it into your web browser and you will bring up the Linksys home page every time. However, IP and web addresses are sometimes long and hard to remember. Because of this, certain ISPs will shorten their server addresses to single words or codes on their customers web browser or e-mail configurations. If your ISPs e-mail and Web server addresses are configured with single words (www, e-mail, home, pop3, etc.) instead of complete Internet addresses or IP addresses, your Router may have problems sending or receiving email and accessing the Internet. This happens because your Router has not been configured by your ISP to accept their abbreviated server addresses. The solution is to find the true web addresses behind your ISPs code words. You can find these IP and web addresses of your ISPs servers by pinging them. If you do not have your ISPs web and e-mail IP addresses, you must either get them from your ISP or follow these steps prior to connecting your Cable/DSL Router to your network.
Ping statistics for 24.53.32.4: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms 4. Write down the IP address returned by the ping command. (In the example above: 24.53.32.4.) This IP address is the actual IP address of the server mail, or any other word or value you have pinged.
Step Two: Pinging for a Web Address While the IP address returned above would work as your e-mail server address, it may not be permanent. IP addresses change all the time. Web addresses, however, usually dont. Because of this, youre likely to have less problems by configuring your system with web addresses rather than IP addresses. Follow the instructions below to find the web address assigned to the IP address you just pinged. 1. At the DOS command prompt, type ping -a 24.53.32.4, where 24.53.32.4 is the IP address you just pinged. Information such as the following data will be displayed. C:\>ping -a 24.53.32.4 Pinging mail.msnv3.occa.home.com [24.53.32.4] with 32 bytes of data: Reply Reply Reply Reply from from from from 24.53.32.4: 24.53.32.4: 24.53.32.4: 24.53.32.4: bytes=32 bytes=32 bytes=32 bytes=32 time<10ms time<10ms time<10ms time<10ms TTL=127 TTL=127 TTL=127 TTL=127

Installing the TCP/IP Protocol Follow these instructions to install the TCP/IP protocol on one of your PCs only after a network card has been successfully installed inside the PC. These instructions are for Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME. For TCP/IP setup under Windows NT, see your Windows NT manual. 1. Click the Start button. Choose Settings and then Control Panel. 2. Double-click on the Network icon to bring up your Network window. Select the Configuration tab.
Ping statistics for 24.53.32.4: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms 2. Write down the web address returned by the ping command. (In the example above: mail.msnv3.occa.home.com.) This web address is the web address assigned to the IP address you just pinged. While the IP address of mail could change, it is likely that this web address will not. 3. Replace your ISPs abbreviated server address with this extended web address in the corresponding Internet application (web browser, e-mail application, etc.). Once you have replaced the brief server address with the true server address, your Router should have no problem accessing the Internet through that Internet application.
3. Click the Add button. 4. Double-click on Protocol. 5. Highlight Microsoft under the list of manufacturers.
6. Find and double-click TCP/IP in the list to the right (below).
Twisted-Pair Cabling There are different grades, or categories, of twisted-pair cabling. Category 5 is the most reliable and most highly recommended. Category 3 is a good second choice. Straight-through cables are used for connecting computers to a hub. Crossover cables are used for connecting a hub to another hub (there is an exception: some hubs have a built-in uplink port that is crossed internally, which allows you to link or connect hubs together with a straight-through cable instead). You can buy pre-made Category 5 cables, or cut and crimp your own. Category 5 cables can be purchased or crimped as either straight-through or crossover. Inside a Category 5 cable are 8 thin, color-coded wires inside that run from one end of the cable to the other. All 8 wires are used. In a straightthrough cable, wires 1, 2, 3, and 6 at one end of the cable are also wires 1, 2, 3, and 6 at the other end. In a crossover cable, the order of the wires change from one end to the other: wire 1 becomes 3, and 2 becomes 6. See the diagrams on the next page for more detailed information on straightthrough and crossover cabling.
7. After a few seconds, the main Network window will appear. The TCP/IP Protocol should now be listed.
8. Click the OK button. Windows may ask for original Windows installation files. Supply them as needed, e.g., D:\win98, D:\win95, c:\windows\options\cabs. 9. Windows will ask you to restart the PC. Click the Yes button.
To determine which wire is wire number 1, hold the cable so that the end of the plastic RJ-45 tip (the part that goes into a wall jack first) is facing away from you. Face the clip down so that the copper side faces up (the springy clip will now be parallel to the floor). When looking down on the copper side, wire 1 will be on the far left.

Info Harga

ROUTER & BRIDGES
ALLIED TELESYN AT-MC601 / AT-MCMBPs Extended Ethernet Operation over phone-grade, twisted-pair, wiring (CAT1, 2, 3) at distances up to 1.2Km or 4,000 feet (Cable Not Included) CISCO 172110/100BaseT Modular Router with 2 WAN slots, 32M Flash/64M DRAM CISCO 1721 Bundle CISCO 1721 + WIC-1T + CAB-SS-V35MT CISCO 175110/100 Modular Router with 3 slots, IOS IP, 32Flash/64DRAM CISCO 1751-V 10/100 Modular Router with Voice,32Flash/96DRAM CISCO 176010/100 Modular Router with 4 slots,19-in Chassis,32Flash / 64DRAM CISCO 1760-V 10/100 Modular Router with Voice IP,19-in Chassis,32Flash / 96DRAM CISCO 2611XM Dual 10/100 Ethernet Router with Cisco IOS IP, 32Flash / 128DRAM CISCO 2621XM Mid Performance Dual 10/100 Ethernet Router with Cisco IOS IP, 32Flash / 128DRAM CISCO 2650XM High Performance 10/100 Modular Router with Cisco IOS IP, 32Flash / 256DRAM CISCO 2651XM-V CISCO2651XM, AIM-VOICE-30, IOS IP Voice 12.3(4)T,32Flash / 256DRAM CISCO Series, 2-Slot, 2 FE, Multiservice Router 32Flash / 256DRAM CISCO Series, 4-Slot, Dual FE, Multiservice Router 32Flash / 256DRAM CISCO 801 ISDN/Ethernet Router, One 10BASE-T (RJ-45), One ISDN BRI1 S/T (RJ-45 connector) CISCO 802 ISDN BRI/Ethernet Router, One 10BASE-T (RJ-45), One ISDN BRI U (RJ-45 connector) CISCO 803 ISDN BRI/Ethernet Router , 4-port Hub 10BASE-T (RJ-45) , One ISDN BRI S/T, Two RJ-11 CISCO 804 ISDN BRI/Ethernet Router , NT-1, 4-port Hub 10BASE-T (RJ-45, One ISDN BRI U, Two RJ-11 CISCO 805 Ethernet/Serial Router, One 10BASE-T (RJ-45), One Serial port CISCO 805 Bundle CISCO 805 + CAB-SS-V35MT= CISCO 837-K9 Cisco 837 ADSL Router DLINK DI-704P Express EtherNetwork 4 port UTP 10/100Mbps Auto-sensing, 1-port UTP for ADSL and Cable Modem Connection, Broadband Router Plus Print Server DLINK DI-804HV Express EtherNetwork 4 port UTP 10/100Mbps Auto-sensing, 1-port UTP for ADSL and Cable Modem Connection, Broadband VPN Router LINKSYS BEF11S4 Router Wireless 4 Port 10/100 Mbps LINKSYS BEFSR41W 10/100Mbps 4-Port Switch +1 10Mbps WAN Port DSL/ Cable Router + Wireless Acces Point (Optional) LINKSYS BEFSR81 BroadBand Router, 8-port UTP, 10/100Mbps Switch LAN, 1-port WAN,10Mbps, DSL/Cable LINKSYS BEFVP41 EtherFast Cable/DSL , 4-port UTP, 10/100Mbps Switch, VPN LINKSYS RT31P2 Broadband Router with 2-phone ports for Voice-over-IP LINKSYS RV082 VPN Router 2 port WAN 8 port RJ45, load balancing US$ 375 US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ 2800 US$ 5095 US$ 7225 US$ 10200 US$ 679 US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ US$ 3COM 3CR17500-91 SuperStack 3 Switch 3226, 24 port 10/100, 2 port Gigabit UTP or 2 port SFP ALLIED TELESYN AT-GS916GB 16 port, 10/100/1000TX + 2 Gbic expansions, Unmanaged ALLIED TELESYN AT-GS924GB 24 ports, 10/100/1000TX + 2 Gbic expansions, Unmanaged CISCO WS-C2950T-48-SI 48 Ports 10/100 Mbps and 2 ports 10/100/1000BASE-T uplinks, Standard Image CISCO WS-C2970G-24T-E 24 Ports 10/100/1000T Enhanced Image COMPEX DSG-port of 10/100/1000 Mbps Desktop Switch Gigabyte, 4K MAC address, 128Kb RAM, 1Gb backplane COMPEX DSG-port of 10/100/1000 Mbps Desktop Switch Gigabyte, 4K MAC address, 128Kb RAM, 1Gb backplane COMPEX GSC-2008WM 8 Port 10/100/1000 Mbps,Cable CAT 6, 8K Mac address, Port Based VLAN & Tagged VLAN COMPEX SGX - Port 10 / 100 + 2 Port 1000 Mbps switch with Inregrated Routing capabillityfor Broadband Internet Sharing, optional Fibre Optic Module, Port Mirroring, 12 Gbps backplane capacity, Rack Mount 19, Port Trunking, 802, 1p Priority Queuing, Port Based & Tagged VLAN,SNMP & RMON, SNMP Managed Switch COMPEX SXP-2226WM 24 Port 10 / 100 Mbps + 2 Port 1000 Mbps Gigabyte Web Managed Switch, VLAN, Port Trunking 6,4 Gbps backplane capacity, Multi Platform Management, Optional Fibre Optic Module , Rack Mount 19 DLINK DGS-1008D/E 8 port 10/100/1000Base-T, Auto-sensing, Auto-MDI-X, Stand-alone, Unmanaged, Desktop DLINK DGS-1016TL/E 16-port 10/100/1000Base-T, Auto-sensing, Auto-MDI-X, Stand-alone, Unmanaged, 19 Rackmount DLINK DGS-1024TL/E 24-port 10/100/1000Base-T, Auto-sensing, Auto-MDI-X, Stand-alone, Unmanaged, 19 Rackmount LINKSYS SD2005 5-Port , 10/100/1000Mbps, Desktop, Gigabit Switch LINKSYS SD2008 8-Port ,10/100/1000Mbps, Desktop, Gigabit LINKSYS SR2016 16-Port ,10/100/1000Mbps, Desktop, Gigabit LINKSYS SR2024 24-Port ,10/100/1000Mbps, Desktop, Gigabit US$ US$ US$ 729 US$ 1996 US$ 3196 US$ 129 US$ 145 US$ 1077 US$ 589 US$ 405

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3COM 3C16470 SuperStack III Baseline 10/100 Switch 16port, Unmanaged 3COM 3C16471 SuperStack III Baseline 10/100 Switch 24port, Unmanaged 3COM 3C16475A SuperStack III Baseline 10/100 Switch 24port + Gigabit 2port , Unmanaged 3COM 3C16476A SuperStack III Baseline 10/100 Switch 48port + Gigabit 2port , Unmanaged 3COM 3C16477A SuperStack III Baseline 10/100/1000 Switch 8 port 3COM 3C1670108 OfficeConnect Switch 8 port with Gigabit Uplink 3COM 3C1670800 OfficeConnect Gigabit Switch 8 3COM 3C16790 OfficeConnect Dual Speed Switch 5 port 10/100Base-TX 3COM 3C16792 OfficeConnect Dual Speed Switch 16 port 10/100 BaseT 3COM 3C16793 OfficeConnect Switch 5port 10/100Base-T, Autosensing 3COM 3C16794 OfficeConnect Switch 8port 10/100Base-T, Autosensing 3COM 3C17203 SuperStack III Switch port 10/100, Manageable (8 stack) 3COM 3C17204 SuperStack 3 Switch port 3COM 3C17206 SuperStack 3 Switch port 10/100, Manageable (8 stack) 3COM 3C17300 SuperStack III Baseline 4226T 10/100 Switch 24port + 2 port 10/100/1000, Manageble, Autosensing 3COM 3C17304 SuperStack III Switch 4228G 24 Port + 2x 10/100/1000 + 2 GBIC ports, Manageable 3COM 3CR17500-91 SuperStack III Switch 3226, 24 port, 10/100Mbps + 2 port Gigabit ( 2 port UTP or 2 port SFP) 3COM 3CSFP91 3Com 1000Base-SX SFP Transceiver US$ 111 US$ 139 US$ 258 US$ 504

FIBRE / GIGABIT SWITCH

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78 INFOLINUX 06/2005

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ALLIED TELESYN AT-port 10/100, Manageable, Stacking ALLIED TELESYN AT-8024GB 24 port 10/100 + 2 x GBIC Slots , Manageable, Stacking ALLIED TELESYN AT-8026T 24x 10/100TX, 2x1000BaseTX Enhanced Stacking Managed Switch ALLIED TELESYN AT-FSPorts 10/100TX (RJ-45) Unmanaged Fast Ethernet Switch ALLIED TELESYN AT-FS708LE 8 Ports 10/100TX (RJ-45) Unmanaged Fast Ethernet Switch, Compact Size ALLIED TELESYN AT-FS709FC 8 Ports 10/100TX (RJ-45) & 1 Port 100FX Fiber SC) Uplink Unmanaged Switch ALLIED TELESYN AT-FSPorts 10/100TX (RJ-45) Unmanaged Fast Ethernet Switch ALLIED TELESYN AT-FS724i 24 Ports 10/100TX (RJ-45) Unmanaged Fast Ethernet Switch ALLIED TELESYN AT-FSW Ports 10/100TX (RJ-45) Unmanaged Fast Ethernet Switch CISCO WS-C2948G-GE-TX 48Ports 10/100/1000 + 4 SFP Port CISCO WS-C2950-port, 10/100 Autosensing, Autonegotiating Catalyst Switch CISCO WS-C2950-port, 10/100 Autosensing, Autonegotiating Catalyst Switch CISCO WS-C2950C-Ports, 10/100Mbps With 2 100BASE-FX uplinks, Catalyst switch, Enhanced Image CISCO WS-C2950G-24-EI 24Ports 10/100Mbps, 2 GBIC slots, Enhanced Image CISCO WS-C2950SX-Ports 10/100Mbps with 2 1000BASE-SX ports, Standard Image only CISCO WS-C2950T-Ports 10/100Mbps with 2 10/100/1000BASE-T ports, Enchanced Image CISCO WS-C3550-24-SMI 24 Ports 10/100 with 2 GBIC slots, Enhanced Image CISCO WS-C3750-24TS-S 10/100 Ports + 2 SFP Standard Multilayer Image COMPEX CGX-Port 10/100 Mbps + 2 Port Gigabit/Fibre optic module (optional) switch with Integrated Routing capabillity, 12 Gbps backplane capacity, Rack Mount 19, Port Trunking, Port Based & Tagged VLAN COMPEX PS-2208B 8 Port 10 / 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet Pocket Switch, 1.6 Gbps backplane capacity, Compact Desktop Casing COMPEX PS-Port 10 / 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet Pocket Switch, 3.2 Gbps backplane capacity, Port Trunking COMPEX SAS Port 10 / 100 Mbps Switch with Power Button Interface, VLAN, 4.8Gbps backplane capacity COMPEX SGX Port 10 / 100 + 2 Port 1000 Mbps switch with Integrated Routing capabillity for Broadband Internet Sharing COMPEX SXP-2224 WM 24 Port 10 / 100 Mbps Web-based Management Switch, VLAN, Port Trungking, 6,4 Gbps backplane capacity, Multi Platform Management, Optional Fibre Optic Module , Rack Mount 19 DLINK DES-1008D/E 8-port UTP, 10/100Mbps, Auto-sensing, Stand-alone, Unmanaged DLINK DES-1016D/E 16-port UTP, 10/100Mbps, Auto-sensing, Stand-alone, Unmanaged DLINK DES-1024 R+ 24-port UTP, 10/100Mbps, Auto-sensing, Stand-alone, Unmanaged DLINK DES-1218R+ 16-port UTP, 10/100 Mbps, Auto-sensing, Stand-alone, Unmanageable, support Gigabit module LINKSYS EF3124 EtherFast 3124, 24-Port 10/100 Ethernet Switch, Autosensing (Module Optional) LINKSYS EZXS88W EtherFast, 8-port UTP, 10/100Mbps, Auto-sensing, Unmanageable LINKSYS SD205 5-port UTP, 10/100Mbps, Auto-sensing, Unmanageable LINKSYS SD208 EtherFast, 8-port UTP, 10/100Mbps, Auto-sensing, Rack-Mount, Unmanageable LINKSYS SD216 ETHERFAST DESKTOP 16 PORT, 10/100MBPS SWITCH SMC EZ1016DT EZSwitch DT 10/100 - 16 port Non Managable SMC EZ1024DT EZSwitch DT 10/100 - 24 port Non Managable SMC EZ6505TX EZSwitch 5 ports 10/100 Mbps UTP, full duplex, Non Managable

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WIRELESS LAN

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