Mapping Toolbox Release Notes
The Mapping Toolbox 2.0.1 Release Notes on page 1-1 describe the changes introduced in the latest version of the Mapping Toolbox. The following topics are discussed in these Release Notes: New Feature on page 1-2 Major Bug Fixes on page 1-3 If you are upgrading from an older version of the toolbox, you should also see: Mapping Toolbox 2.0 Release Notes on page 2-1 Mapping Toolbox 1.3.1 Release Notes on page 3-1 Mapping Toolbox 1.3 Release Notes on page 4-1 Mapping Toolbox 1.2 Release Notes on page 5-1
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Mapping Toolbox 2.0.1 Release Notes
New Feature. 1-2 mapexreg Demo (Georeferencing an Image to an Orthotile Base Layer) Generalized and Clarified. 1-2 Major Bug Fixes. 1-3
Mapping Toolbox 2.0 Release Notes
New Features. 2-2 Release Summary. 2-2 New Demos and Sample Data. 2-3 New Map Viewer. 2-4 Spatially Referenced Image Formats. 2-5 Working with Images Referenced to Map Coordinates. 2-6 SDTS Terrain Data Access. 2-7 Shapefiles and Vector Features. 2-7 Geographic Data Structure Enhancements. 2-8 Attribute-Driven Vector Data Symbolization. 2-9 Access to PROJ.4 Map Projections. 2-9 Minor Enhancements. 2-9 Summary of Functions Added in Version 2.0. 2-10 Major Bug Fixes. 2-13 Upgrading from an Earlier Release. Functions Obsolete in Version 2.0. Functions Deleted in Version 2.0. Changes in Nomenclature. Known Software and Documentation Problems. axesm. cassini, eqaconic, eqdconic, lambert, polycon. los2.
2-14 2-14 2-14 2-15 2-16 2-16 2-16 2-16
polybool. polymerge. Area Selection with Annotations Causes MATLAB to Freeze on Solaris 2. Difficulty Editing the Map Scale in the Map Viewer on the Macintosh. Polygons Display Shows Interior Islands Filled In. SDTS Functions Unavailable on Some Unix Platforms. Need to Skip cpselect in mapexreg on Macintosh Platform. No URL Reading on HP700 and SGI Platforms. Solaris 2 May Need Patch to Use SDTS Functions.
2-17 2-17 2-17 2-17 2-17 2-17 2-18 2-18 2-18
Mapping Toolbox 1.3.1 Release Notes
Bug Fixes and Enhancements. 3-2
Mapping Toolbox 1.3 Release Notes
New Features. New and Enhanced Map Display Functions. Mapping Data Enhancement. Other Enhancements.

4-2 4-2 4-2 4-3

Major Bug Fixes. 4-4 Upgrading from an Earlier Release. 4-5 Obsolete Functions. 4-5

Contents

Mapping Toolbox 1.2 Release Notes
New Features. Higher Resolution Atlas Data. External Data Interface Improved. New Interactive Interfaces. New Analysis Functions for Geographic Data. Other New Functions.

5-2 5-2 5-2 5-3 5-3 5-4

New Features. 1-2 mapexreg Demo (Georeferencing an Image to an Orthotile Base Layer) Generalized and Clarified. 1-2 Major Bug Fixes. 1-3

New Feature

The following enhancement has been added to Mapping Toolbox 2.0.1. If you are upgrading from a version earlier than Version 2.0, then you should also see Mapping Toolbox 2.0 Release Notes on page 2-1 in the Mapping Toolbox 2.0 Release Notes.

mapexreg Demo (Georeferencing an Image to an Orthotile Base Layer) Generalized and Clarified
Calls to imtransform and makerefmat are no longer hard-coded for an output pixel size of one meter. The choice of output pixel size now is explained in detail.

Major Bug Fixes

Mapping Toolbox Version 2.0.1 fixes several significant bugs that existed in Version 1.x which were not addressed in Version 2.0. Mapping Toolbox 2.0 included a number of significant bug fixes made since Version 1.3.1. For a description of those Mapping Toolbox bug fixes, see Major Bug Fixes on page 2-13 in the Version2.0 release notes. If you are upgrading from a version earlier than 2.0, then see should also see Bug Fixes and Enhancements on page 1-2 in the Mapping Toolbox 1.3.1 Release Notes. Version 2.0.1 contains the following bug fixes:

almanac

Function almanac now gives a precise inverse flattening (1/f) value for Bessel 1841 ellipsoid. Previously, almanac used a truncated value (299.1528) instead of the full precision value (299.1528128).
Function axesm now accepts the 'meridianlabel' parameter. Previously, axesm would throw an eror if the 'meridianlabel' parameter was specified.

distance

Function distance now computes correct results for rhumbline distances along a parallel (including the equator) on a (non-spherical) ellipsoid.
Function distance now uses the robust "haversine formula to compute great circle distances on a sphere. For certain inputs roundoff sensitivities in the previous implementation resulted in a small, but non-zero, distance between identical points.
Function distance now correctly obtains correct results for rhumb lines that follow the equator, or any other parallel, and cross the 180-degree meridian; it gives the distance along the short arc of the parallel. Previously the length of the long arc could be returned instead.

distance, azimuth

Functions distance and azimuth now produce accurate results even for long geodesics on an ellipsoid, up to near-antipodal distances.

projfwd/projinv

Functions projfwd and projinv now use NaN separators on all platforms. Previously, under certain circumstances, projfwd and projinv returned coordinate arrays with Inf separators rather than NaNs.

reckon

Function reckon now supports geodesics on an ellipsoid, in addition to rhumblines on an ellipsoid and both geodesics and rhumblines on a sphere
New Features. 2-2 Major Bug Fixes. 2-13 Upgrading from an Earlier Release. 2-14
Known Software and Documentation Problems. 2-16

New Features

This section summarizes the new features and enhancements added in the Mapping Toolbox 2.0 since Version 1.3.1. If you are upgrading from a Version earlier than 1.3.1, then you should also see Bug Fixes and Enhancements on page 3-2 of the Mapping Toolbox 1.3.1 Release Notes.

Release Summary

Mapping Toolbox 2 provides a comprehensive set of functions and graphical user interfaces for building map displays and performing geospatial data analysis in MATLAB. In this major release of the toolbox, new functions and capabilities include: Support for standard GIS and geospatial file formats: - ESRI shapefile; GeoTIFF; Arc ASCII Grid; SDTS Raster Profile (read only) - Worldfiles for spatially-registered images (read and write) New display functions for vector features, georeferenced imagery, and data grids in x-y map coordinates (as well as unprojected latitude-longitude) New functions for vector symbolization based on feature attributes Transverse Mercator projection and PROJ.4 projection library support A new interactive Map Viewer with the following features: - Support for multiple raster and vector layers - Data import from file or workspace - Zooming/panning/map navigation tools - Cursor coordinate and map-scale readout - Data tip and info tools - Graphical overlays - Map exporting/printing A major update of the Mapping Toolbox Users Guide, focused on clarifying concepts and terminology, explaining features and functions, adding new and enhancing existing examples, and organizing and cross-referencing material to make the documentation easier to access These and other new features are described on the following pages.
New Demos and Sample Data
The Mapping Toolbox now has six new demos, available from the Demos tab of the Help Browser. You can also access this demos page by typing

mapdemos

The demos consist of the following: mapexenhance Enhancing Multispectral GeoTIFF Images mapexfindcity Interactive Global City Finder mapexgeo Creating Maps using geoshow (for latitude, longitude data) mapexmap Creating Maps using mapshow (for x, y data) mapexrefmat Creating and Using Referencing Matrices mapexreg Georeferencing an Image to an Orthotile Base Layer viewmaps GUI Demonstrating Map Projections (not new in 2.0) Note that the above commands run the demo scripts to produce figures, whereas mapdemos describes and illustrates the demos in the Help Browser. In addition, a number of new sample data sets containing vector features, digital elevation models, and georeferenced images have been added for use in demos and examples. The new data includes satellite images of the Boston area, topographic grids of the White Mountains in New Hampshire, and vector data for roads and hydrographic features in the Boston area. The data sets are provided in standard geospatial and GIS formats: GeoTIFF, TIFF images with worldfiles, SDTS Raster Profile, Arc ASCII Grid, and ESRI shapefiles. They are accompanied by ASCII text files (with suffix.txt), containing descriptive metadata. The new data files are in addition to existing sample data sets stored in MAT-files, such as geoid, russia, and korea. In addition, metadata indicating the source and describing the contents of most sample data and atlas data has been added to their respective MAT-files. To read the metadata for a Mapping Toolbox MAT-file data set, load it and inspect the source and description workspace variables. To read brief descriptions of the demos and sample data sets, type

help mapdemos

New Map Viewer
The toolbox includes a new interactive tool for displaying and examining map data, called the Map Viewer. The Map Viewer helps you work with data that is already in a projected map coordinate system, which is the case for many high-resolution satellite and aerial imagery products, as well as many vector map data sets that cover small areas of the earth in substantial detail. The Map Viewer gives you a view (or views) of an x-y map coordinate plane where, for example, x and y may correspond to the easting and northing coordinates of a given UTM or State Plane zone. If some of your data is referenced to geographic (latitude-longitude) coordinates, you first need to use an appropriate projection to transform it to map coordinates. Key features of the Map Viewer include: A two-dimensional view of the x-y map plane with interactive tools for navigating in that plane: magnification, de-magnification, panning, setting the map scale, and zooming the view to the extent of a given data set, or all data sets Vector and image data import from files or from the MATLAB workspace Management of each data set in a separate layer. You can control layer ordering and visibility to bring what you need into view. Multiple, simultaneous views (differing in scale or view extent) of the same data layers. A data tip tool to identify vector shapes or query a feature attribute that you specify An info tool to display, in a separate window, all the attributes of a selected feature Tools to annotate the map with lines, arrows, and text Ability to export a raster snapshot of the map view To start the Map Viewer, use the mapview function Typing

mapview

will open a Map Viewer window. You can then import standard format files or load workspace data into the Map Viewer. The following figure shows the Map Viewer's main window after loading image, line, and point data sets, also illustrating user-specified symbology for streets and landmarks, and Data Tip labels for selected point features:
You can print maps as they appear in the Map Viewer window, to either a printer or a file. Either click the Print button on the left end of the toolbar or select Print in the File menu. A standard figure print dialog appears. You should consider selecting a driver appropriate to your printer; this may be necessary if you attempt to print in color.
Spatially Referenced Image Formats
The toolbox adds support for several industry-standard formats for spatially referenced images and data grids: Arc ASCII Grid files, GeoTIFF files, and worldfiles. You do this by using the following new functions: arcgridread, geotiffinfo, geotiffead, getworldfilename, worldfileread, and worldfilewrite.
The grid and image file-reading functions construct referencing matrices, enabling a general and consistent approach to managing the relationship between map coordinates and pixel columns and rows (see below).

Working with Images Referenced to Map Coordinates
The toolbox includes a family of functions supporting images and gridded data sets that are referenced to two-dimensional projected map coordinates. These functions represent the relationship between a point at position (row,col) in an image and point in map coordinates (x,y) with a referencing matrix. A referencing matrix is a 3-by-2 matrix, R, that represents a general affine transformation such that

[x y] = [row col 1] * R

Most often the image (or data grid) consists of square pixels and has edges that align with the map coordinate axes, but you are not limited to this situation. The new function makerefmat provides several options for constructing referencing matrices from scratch. See its M-file help for further information. However, you can most often obtain a referencing matrix from a world file, via worldfileread, or from a GeoTIFF file via geotiffread. If you have created a new referencing matrix for an image in a generic image format such as TIFF or JPEG, you can save this information in a world file using worldfilewrite. New functions pix2map and map2pix implement the basic transformation defined above, along with its inverse. With functions mapbbox and mapoutline you can calculate the image bounds or perimeter in map coordinates. You can use the function pixcenters to calculate the coordinates of the center of each image pixel. This is helpful if you have a data grid that you want to display using surface. The new function mapshow accepts a referencing matrix in order to correctly position an image in a standard Handle Graphics axes (i.e., not a map axes). Because the affine transformation is extremely general, it can equally well represent the registration of an image to geographic coordinates, with longitude taking the place of map x and latitude replacing map y:
[lon lat] = [row col 1] * R
A referencing matrix is a more general version of the 1-by-3 map legend vector, perhaps better characterized as a referencing vector, that many toolbox functions already use. To convert a referencing vector to a referencing matrix, you can use function refvec2mat. The inverse transformation exists only for referencing matrices having a special form, but if it does you can compute it with refmat2vec. Functions latlon2pix and pix2latlon support transformations for referencing matrices in geographic coordinates, allowing for longitude-wrapping differences. Use the new function geoshow along with map axes to display data grids referenced to latitude and longitude via either a referencing vector or a referencing matrix. Or, you can use the new function grid2image to quickly display an unprojected grid with latitude as the ordinate (x-axis) and longitude as the abscissa (y-coordinate).

SDTS Terrain Data Access

The Mapping Toolbox can now import terrain grids stored in United States Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) raster profile format, giving you access to a wide selection of public domain terrain data sets, principally those prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). USGS DEM data is no longer distributed from government Internet sites. Instead, these and other USGS files are now available from a commercial server at no charge. For further information, see http://edc.usgs.gov/products/elevation/dem.html and http://edc.usgs.gov/geodata/. Two new Mapping Toolbox functions support SDTS data handling: sdtsinfo returns a structure containing metadata for an SDTS data set. sdtsdemread returns elevation data and a referencing matrix from an SDTS DEM data set. For details, type help sdtsinfo or help sdtsdemread at the MATLAB prompt.
Shapefiles and Vector Features
The toolbox now reads the shapefile format defined by Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) and widely used as a data exchange format for nontopological GIS data. You can query a shapefile for its shapetype, attribute names and types, number of records, etc., using shapeinfo, and read 2-D shapes using shaperead. The shaperead function constructs a geostruct2
geographic data structure array (seeGeographic Data Structure Enhancements on page 2-8 ) ,tailored to the contents read in from shapefiles. The shape data is represented in MATLAB as a 1-D structure array, with one element per feature. Attribute values are stored in structure fields, or in a separate, parallel structure array. Because attributes are defined according to the needs of the shapefile author and might be unknown until the time a given shapefile is read, the new geographic data structures (described below) are necessarily more general than the geographic data structures already in use in the Mapping Toolbox.
Geographic Data Structure Enhancements
Certain functions introduced in Version 2 of the Mapping Toolbox use an enhanced geographic data structure layout (called a geostruct2) to store and manipulate vector geodata. This layout has the flexibility to store any kind and number of attributes, and handles either geographic (latitude and longitude) or plane (x and y) coordinates. In contrast, a Version 1 geographic data structure (geostruct1) which is still supported is limited to a fixed set of fields and can contain geographic coordinates only. One way to create a Version 2 geographic data structure is to input vector geodata to the workspace from a shapefile. The function shaperead returns a geostruct2 that encapsulates some or all of the data stored in a shapefile and its supporting index and dBASE files. To determine what kinds of data a shapefiles contains, you can use the shapeinfo function to query it. The new functions mapshow, geoshow, and mapview each display vector data in geostruct2 form. Use geoshow when Lat and Lon coordinate fields exist in the geostruct, and use mapshow or mapview when X and Y fields are present. You can transform a geostruct1 into a geostruct2 (but not the reverse). Use the function updategeostruct for this purpose. See the section Mapping Toolbox Geographic Data Structures in the Mapping Toolbox documentation for descriptions of geostruct formats and uses. Another new function, extractfield, lets you conveniently combine all the values of a given geostruct field into a single array. For example, given a shapefile with a 'Name' attribute, extractfield can output a cell array of feature names from the geostruct returned by shaperead.

Attribute-Driven Vector Data Symbolization
When you display shape features as points, lines, or polygons using mapview, mapshow, and geoshow, you can make feature attributes control how they are symbolized. This lets the data control graphic attributes such as color, line width, marker symbol, and visibility on a per-feature basis. In prior versions of the toolbox, attribute-specific symbology was difficult to accomplish, but now a general mechanism exists for this purpose. The new function makesymbolspec generates a structure called a symbolspec that maps specific attribute values (or ranges) to symbology parameters, and lets you specify default parameters for unspecified values. For example, the following symbolspec colors all roads of class 1 red, all roads of class 2 green, all roads of class 3 blue, and defaults other classes to black (where class is an attribute of the road layer):
roadColors = makesymbolspec('Line',{'CLASS',1,'Color','r'},. {'CLASS',2,'Color','g'},. {'CLASS',3,'Color','b'},. {'Default','Color','k'});
To see an example of what you can do with symbolspecs, look at the illustration for New Map Viewer on page 2-4. For details, type help shaperead, help mapshow, help geoshow, help mapview, or help makesymbolspec at the MATLAB prompt.
Access to PROJ.4 Map Projections
The Mapping Toolbox now incorporates the PROJ.4 cartographic projections library, originally written by Gerald Evenden of the USGS. Currently the toolbox uses this library primarily to support the GeoTIFF format. You can access selected PROJ.4 projections and their inverses using new functions projfwd and projinv. Use the projlist function to learn about which PROJ.4 projections are available. In addition to accepting GeoTIFF info structures, projfwd and projinv also work with a standard map projection structure (mstruct) used to define projections within map axes.

Minor Enhancements

In addition to the major new features described above, this release includes the following enhancements and new functions, among others.
Now accepts 'ellipsoid' as a synonym for 'geoid' as a parameter or refbody value.

convertlat

A new function that unifies the latitude conversions previously dispersed among functions geod2aut, aut2geod, etc. For a list of the files it replaces, see Upgrading from an Earlier Release on page 2-14.

geoloc2grid

Map Projection Properties and Transformations
geotiff2mstruct Convert GeoTIFF info to a map projection structure. projlist List map projections supported by projfwd and projinv. projfwd Forward map projection using the PROJ.4 library projinv Inverse map projection using the PROJ.4 library tranmerc Transverse Mercator Projection
Map Display and Interaction
geoshow Display map latitude and longitude data. grid2image Display a regular data grid as an image. mapshow Display map data. mapview Interactive map viewer makesymbolspec Construct a vector symbolization specification.

Geographic Calculations

convertlat Convert between geodetic and auxiliary latitudes.

Utilities

ind2rgb8 Convert an indexed image to a uint8 RGB image. unitsratio Unit conversion factors
This section describes major Mapping Toolbox bug fixes for Version 2.0. Mapping Toolbox 1.3.1 included several dozen bug fixes made since Version 1.3. Most were minor or cosmetic in nature. However, there were several significant Version 1.3 bug fixes. Mapping Toolbox 2.0 includes the following bug fixes:
sizem now respects the order of its longitude limits. Now, for example, [r,c] = sizem([-5 5],[170 -170],1) sizes a 10-by-20 grid that crosses the
180-degree meridian, rather than a 10-by-340 grid that extending from -170 all the way to 170. maptriml, maptrimp, and maptrims now respect the order of their longitude limits as well.
Fixed Error in Inverse UTM Projection
This release corrects an error in the inverse UTM projection. This error caused mislocations that ranged from negligible near the central meridian to several meters at the east-west zone boundaries. This release also removes the rounding that decreased precision of the latitude-longitude outputs.
Improved Numerical Behavior of Geodetic-to-Conformal Latitude Conversion
A new formulation, using the new convertlat function, fixes subtle inaccuracies near the poles that could cause unexpected, hard-to-explain behavior in the stereographic projection.
Line-of-Sight Computation Corrected for Observer at Zero Elevation
A problem that caused los2 and viewshed to report some visible points as invisible has been fixed.
Upgrading from an Earlier Release
If you are upgrading from Version 1.2.1, see Upgrading from an Earlier Release on page 4-5 in the Mapping Toolbox 1.3 Release Notes.
Functions Obsolete in Version 2.0
The following functions are still available but should no longer be used. imagem which displayed a regular matrix map as an image has been replaced by grid2image. The following 12 latitude conversion functions have been replaced by a single utility function, convertlat: - aut2geod - cen2geod - cnf2geod - iso2geod - par2geod - rec2geod - geod2aut - geod2cen - geod2cnf - geod2iso - geod2pa - geod2rec This improves the stability of numerical results in certain projections.

Functions Deleted in Version 2.0
The following functions are no longer available in the Mapping Toolbox. coast This function simply loaded the coast MAT-file containing world coastlines. Instead of calling it, type

load coast

loadmoonalb This function simply loaded the moonalb MAT-file of the Moons albedo. Instead of calling it, type

load moonalb

maskm This function, which reassigned a scalar value to an array based on a Boolean mask, has been removed. Ordinary MATLAB command syntax does the same thing. movescale This undocumented function now is a subfunction of scaleruler. surfdist This function was in fact obsolete prior to Version 1.3, and has now been removed. Use trackg instead.

Changes in Nomenclature

To achieve greater consistency with the literature on geospatial data handling, documentation for Version 2.0 of the Mapping Toolbox has changed the usage of certain terms and names of variables provided as sample data. The primary changes are described below.
Geoid Where it is used to describe the geometric shape of the earth (an
equipotential surface), this term has been retained. Where it was used as a synonym for ellipsoid, occurances of geoid have been changed to ellipsoid. This includes changing references to geoid vector to ellipsoid vector. You also now specify ellipsoid models for almanac data using the keyword 'ellipsoid' (however, 'geoid' still works). Note that a similar update has not been made for axesm, getm, or setm, which also 'geoid' as a keyword to identify the userdata structure (mstruct) field geoid.
Map Where this term referred to data sets (either raster or vector),
occurances of map have been changed to data grid, data set, or some other appropriate term. Where it refers to a cartographic presentation of geodata, map has been retained.
Map legend This term, which used to refer to a three-element vector that georeferenced a data grid, has been replaced with referencing vector. In some contexts (when more degrees of freedom are involved), the term referencing matrix replaces it.
Most sample data sets that contain map and maplegend as variables (data grids and referencing vectors, respectively) have been updated. For example, the geoid MAT-file now has variables geoid (the data grid), and geoidrefvec and geoidlegend (referencing vectors; the second is a copy of the first, provided to to maintain compatibility). This file, along with most other sample data except for topo and coast, also now contains metadata in the form of source and description strings.
Known Software and Documentation Problems
To use function axesm with 'MapLonLim' values spanning the 180-degree meridian, such as [120 -60], one must add 360 degrees to the second limit (via function zero22pi, for instance).
cassini, eqaconic, eqdconic, lambert, polycon

Projection functions in the Mapping Toolbox, excluding tranmerc and those in the PROJ.4 library, implement changes in map origin as a solid-body rotation of the sphere. This differs from the standard formulation of the following projections, when the origin latitude is nonzero: cassini (Soldner-Cassini) eqaconic (Albers Equal-Area Conic) eqdconic (Equidistant Conic) lambert (Lambert Conformal Conic) polycon (Polyconic) Results can be substantially different, and the differences are of the same order in both the spherical and ellipsoidal cases. If these projections must be used with a non-zero origin latitude and the results must be combined with other, pre-projected data (for example when using lambert to project to a State Plane zone), users should preprocess their data with function projfwd (or, if an inverse transformation is required, with projinv). Then the preprojected data can be displayed directly in map (x-y) coordinates using mapshow, for example.
Input parameter altitude in function los2 currently must be a scalar. The M-file help and reference page do not make this clear.

polybool

The current algorithm for the and operation in function polybool seems to be over-sensitive to round-off error when some vertices are very close together compared to other vertices. This may cause polybool to exit with an error.

polymerge

For certain inputs, function polymerge joins segments incorrectly. This behavior is currently under investigation.
Area Selection with Annotations Causes MATLAB to Freeze on Solaris 2
When running the Map Viewer on a Solaris 2 platform, selecting an area containing annotations causes MATLAB to freeze. We believe that this is due to a problem in MATLAB itself that will be fixed in a future release.
Difficulty Editing the Map Scale in the Map Viewer on the Macintosh
It may be necessary to move or resize the Map Viewer window slightly before editing the map scale text box on Macintosh.

areaint

avhrrgoode

axesmui

demdataui

Function dted

Description of Fix/Enhancement
The calculation of directory names is now correct, even for longitudes between -10 and +10. The calculation of file names for tiles close to the equator no longer includes an extra period.
dted now handles the case of missing tiles that result in nonretangular tile configurations.
Transparently handles a kind of error found in some data tiles just north of the equator (affecting some tiles with file names ending in n00.dt0). In these files, the NW and NE corners are incorrectly designated with south instead of north latitudes. Directory and filename calculations are more efficient.
km2sm, nm2sm, sm2km, sm2nm
These functions now use precise factors for conversion to/from statute miles. These changes also correct distdim results for both statute miles and feet (assuming U.S. Survey Foot).

tigerp

Terminates file read properly when an empty data point is encountered (signaling end of data) No longer generates errors when there is no data to display within the specified latitude/longitude limits; it now displays complete mesh, even for data grids (matrix maps) that span all longitudes

worldmap

New Features. New and Enhanced Map Display Functions Mapping Data Enhancement. Other Enhancements. 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-3
This section summarizes the new features and enhancements added in the Mapping Toolbox 1.3. If you are upgrading from a release earlier than Release 12.0, then you should also see the Mapping Toolbox 1.2.1 Release Notes (for enhancements introduced between Release 11.0 and Release 12.0).
New and Enhanced Map Display Functions
New northarrow Annotation Function
The new northarrow function lets you add a north arrow symbol to a map, pointing to geographic north. You can reposition a north arrow by clicking and dragging it, or adjust other properties such as position, color, and size via alternate-clicking.
New mlabelzero22pi Axes Label Command
The new mlabelzero22pi command converts meridian labels to use the range 0 to 360 degrees, instead of the default -180 to 180 degrees.

Enhanced clegendm Contour Annotation Function
The clegendm funciton has been enhanced with a new, optional syntax that accepts a string indicating the contour line units. Alternatively, text label strings can be supplied for each and every contour level via a cell array.
New Interactive Interface
The new lightmui function provides an interactive, graphical user interface to control the position of lights on a globe or 3-D map.

Mapping Data Enhancement

Updated Atlas Data
Political boundaries and country names have been updated in both the worldlo and worldhi atlas files.

Other Enhancements

Ellipses Now Drawn More Smoothly
The ellipse1 function has been modified to create smoother ellipses. A weighted distribution of azimuth points is used instead of the uniform distribution between the starting and ending points. More points are added at locations near the semi-major and semi-minor axes and fewer points at the other intermediate locations.
The Mapping Toolbox 1.3 includes several dozen bug fixes made since Version 1.2.1 Most are minor or cosmetic in nature. However, there are several significant Version 1.3 bug fixes. If you are viewing these Release Notes in PDF form, please refer to the HTML form of the Release Notes, using either the Help browser or the MathWorks Web site and use the link provided.
This section describes an upgrade issue involved in moving from the Mapping Toolbox 1.2.1 to Version 1.3.

Obsolete Functions

Functions contorm and contor3m are now obsolete. You should now use contourm and contour3m instead, which are functionally identical. The older functions still exist, but have been removed from the Mapping Toolbox documentation.
New Features. Higher Resolution Atlas Data. External Data Interface Improved. New Interactive Interfaces. New Analysis Functions for Geographic Data Other New Functions. 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-3 5-3 5-4
This section introduces the new features and enhancements added in the Mapping Toolbox 1.2 since the Mapping Toolbox 1.1 (Release 11.0).
Higher Resolution Atlas Data
There are now high-resolution country outlines and more city locations available through the worldhi database. The worldmap command automatically chooses this high-resolution data if the regions area is small enough. The worldlo atlas file has been updated to make it coincide more closely with high-resolution coastlines and boundaries. The worldmtxmed MAT-file provides a medium-resolution political world matrix map.
External Data Interface Improved
Importing high-resolution atlas data is now much easier with these two visual interfaces: Digital Elevation Map Data user interface (invoked with the demdataui function) Vector Map Level 0 user interface (invoked with the vmap0ui function) Many of the matrix map data interface functions now automatically concatenate data across separate files. The external interface now supports the GLOBE digital elevation map data, a product similar to GTPO30. Use the globedem function for working with that data.

Mapping Toolbox 2.1

Analyze and visualize geographic information
The Mapping Toolbox provides a comprehensive set of functions and graphical user interfaces for building map displays and performing geospatial data analysis in MATLAB. You can create map displays that combine data from multiple modalities and display them in their correct spatial relationships. The toolbox supports standard analyses, such as line-of-sight calculations on terrain data or geographic computations that account for the curvature of the Earths surface. Most of the functions in the Mapping Toolbox are written in the open MATLAB language. This means that you can inspect the algorithms, modify the source code, create your own custom functions, and automate frequently performed tasks. The toolbox supports key mapping and geospatial data analysis, manipulation, and visualization tasks that are useful in applications such as earth and planetary scientific research, oil and gas exploration, environmental monitoring, insurance risk management, aerospace, defense, and security.

Key features

Imports data from standard formats and specific data products Organizes, extracts, combines, and otherwise manipulates map data Includes more than 60 of the most popular and important map projections Creates 2-D and 3-D map displays Analyzes map and geospatial data Displays and analyzes terrain data
Importing Map and Geospatial Data
The Mapping Toolbox supports a wide range of standard GIS and geospatial formats, as well as specific data products and simple ad-hoc data files. You can work with vector map data as simple coordinate vectors (X-Y or latitudelongitude) or data structures that include nonspatial properties and attributes. The toolbox supports georeferenced imagery and other raster data grids, including orthoimagery, satellite swath data, digital terrain elevation models, and various global data grids. MATLAB display of an EGM96 geoid height raster with lighting and shading in ocean areas and a vector mask in land areas. With the Mapping Toolbox, you can create displays with vector and raster data in more than 60 different map projections.
Supported file formats and data products include: tandard file formats, such as ESRI shapeS files, GeoTIFF, Arc ASCII Grid, worldfiles, and SDTS raster profile ridded terrain and bathymetry data, G such as USGS DEM, NIMA DTED, and GTOPO30 ector map products, such as VMAP0, V DCW, TIGER, and GSHHS
Organizing and Manipulating Map and Geospatial Data
The Mapping Toolbox helps you organize and manipulate map and geospatial data for map displays and computational analyses. Toolbox functions for handling vector coordinate data let you: xtract structure fields and coordinates E from variables in the MATLAB workspace and from ESRI shapefiles ncrease (interpolate) or reduce the density I of points in coordinate vectors onvert among units and formats for C length, angle, and time plit, merge, or join line and polygon S segments
ompute line or polygon intersection C points ompute buffer zones C With Mapping Toolbox functions for handling georeferenced imagery and gridded data, you can: onvert subscripts of data arrays and C images to or from absolute geographic or map coordinates onvert geolocated data arrays to or from C regular data grids rim data to a specific region T esize or resample data grids and images R
Projecting Map and Geospatial Data
The Mapping Toolbox contains more than 60 of the most popular and important map projections, including equal-area, equidistant, conformal, and compromise projections in the cylindrical, conic, and azimuthal classes. It also supports projections in the popular PROJ.4 library. Specific support is included for the UTM/UPS systems. Many projections support both spherical and ellipsoidal models of the Earth and other bodies. With the Mapping Toolbox, you can apply forward and inverse transformations of positions and direction angles or azimuths. You can also explore the properties of your projection by calculating distortion parameters at a point or visualizing map distortions as Tissot Indicatrices or as scale-distortion contours.
Wind velocity vectors and wind speed contours at a height of 10 meters, created from Global Data Sets for Land-Atmosphere Models, ISLSCP Initiative 1, NASA Goddard DAAC Science Data Series.
rim vector data to a specific region T
Display of vector and image data for Concord, Massachusetts. The interactive Map Viewer includes coordinate and scale readouts; panning, zooming, and other navigational controls; annotation tools; and easy management of multiple map layers, including order, visibility, and symbolization.
Displaying Map and Geospatial Data
The Mapping Toolbox includes extensive support for constructing 2-D and 3-D map displays. These can be simple or sophisticated, and can be tuned to your application. You can readily combine data sets of different scales and modalities in the same display. For example, you can display images and data grids in their correct positionsregardless of cell size, pixel size, or area coveredand then overlay vector map features. With the map display functions in the toolbox, you can: se the interactive Map Viewer and other GUIs U to explore your data and modify your maps onvert automatically from latitude-longiC tude to your selected map projection

nteractively determine mouse positions in I latitude-longitude reate thematic maps (stem maps, as well C as 2-D and 3-D comet and quiver plots) ontrol the latitude-longitude grid and C meridian/parallel labels nnotate your map with a scale ruler, a A north arrow, or contour labels and legends pply special colormaps for contour maps, A terrain and bathymetry grids, and political maps pecify rules to control the graphic display S properties of vector map features based on their nonspatial attributes (for example, display roads as lines using a road class attribute to control line width and color)
Analyzing Map and Geospatial Data
The Mapping Toolbox provides numerous capabilities for geographic analysis, including functions and tools for geometric, navigational, and statistical analysis. The geometric functions let you: race a great circle or rhumb line given a T starting point, starting direction (azimuth), and distance ind the great circle or rhumb line distance F or azimuth between two points ind intersections between great and F small circles se interactive tools to construct tracks U and small circles alculate elevation angles, quadrangle C areas, and polygon areas
The navigation functions let you: erform dead reckoning and cross-fix P positions etermine drift velocities and driftD corrected headings se waypoints U The statistics functions let you: onvert between latitude-longitude and C equal-area coordinates alculate the mean location and standard C distance or deviation for collections of points enerate histograms for geographic points G with equal-area or equirectangular bins The Mapping Toolbox also lets you analyze georeferenced imagery and gridded data. For example, you can: onstruct data profiles and cross-sections C etermine the geographic or map locations D of gridded data features, such as extrema and contours etermine the geographic or map locations of D image features as revealed by algorithms in the Image Processing Toolbox (available separately) AVHRR sea surface temperature product, displayed using a Mollweide equal-area pseudocylindrical projection.

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Visualizing and Analyzing Terrain Data
In addition to supporting a variety of gridded terrain and bathymetry formats and data products, the Mapping Toolbox provides the following specialized capabilities for terrain visualization and analysis: levation profiles E erspective views P ontour maps C ighting, shading, and texture-mapping L olormaps for terrain and bathymetry C radient, slope, and aspect G calculations ine-of-sight visibility (point-to-point) and L viewshed calculations

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The Mapping Toolbox is available for Windows 98/ME/NT/2000/XP. For additional information and system requirements, visit www.mathworks.com/products/mapping
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