0059.A1 D,F,NL,GB,I,E

24.07.2002

8:42 Uhr

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TV. VIDEO. AUDIO. MECABLITZ

MECABLITZ 36 AF-3 C/M/N

Bedienungsanleitung Mode demploi Handleiding Operating Instructions Norme per luso Instrucciones del manejo

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Contents Indice Contenido
1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 3. 3.1 3.2 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4.1
Safety instructions Supported dedicated functions mecablitz 36 AF-3 C mecablitz 36 AF-3 M mecablitz 36 AF-3 N Mounting the mecablitz Mounting the mecablitz on the camera Removing the mecablitz from the camera Power supply Suitable batteries Replacing batteries Switching the flash unit on and off Dedicated functions and flash mode Flash readiness indication Automatic flash sync speed control Correct exposure indication Displays in the camera viewfinder mecablitz 36 AF-3 C

118 120

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5.4.2 5.4.3 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.7.1 5.7.2 5.7.3 5.8 6. 7. 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 8.
mecablitz 36 AF-3 M mecablitz 36 AF-3 N Zoom reflector AF measuring beam TTL flash mode Automatic TTL fill-in flash in daylight Matrix-controlled fill-in flash (Nikon) Manual TTL flash exposure correction Establishing the maximum flash range with the aperture calculator Programmed Auto Flash Mode Flash techniques Bounce flash Flash synchronisation Normal synchronisation REAR - Second-curtain synchronisation Slow synchronisation / SLOW Maintenance and care

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9. 9.1
Technical data Guide number table for full light output, metric system

156 160

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Foreword Premessa Introduccin
Foreword Welcome to the large family of Metz customers! We congratulate you on purchasing this flash unit and thank you for your confidence in our products. It is only natural that you should want to use your flash unit straight away. However, we recommend that you study these Operating Instructions beforehand to be able to fully exploit and utilize all the capabilities offered. This flash unit is only suitable for the following camera brands: mecablitz 36 AF-3 C only for Canon EOS cameras mecablitz 36 AF-3 M only for Minolta Dynax or. Minolta Maxxum cameras mecablitz 36 AF-3 N only for Nikon cameras. Please refer to section 2 of this manual for the suitable camera types.

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Safety instructions Per la vostra sicurezza Instrucciones de seguridad

1. Safety instructions

The flash unit is exclusively intended and approved for photographic use! Never fire a flash in the vicinity of flammable gases or liquids (petrol, solvents, etc.)! DANGER OF EXPLOSION! Never take flash shots of car, bus or train drivers, or of motorcycle and bicycle riders, whilst they are travelling. They could be blinded by the light and cause an accident! Never fire a flash in the immediate vicinity of the eyes! Flash fired directly in front of the eyes of a person or animal can damage the retina and lead to severe visual disorders - even blindness! Only use the approved power sources listed in the Operating Instructions! Do not expose batteries to excessive heat, sunshine, fire and the like! Never throw exhausted batteries on to a fire!

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Exhausted batteries should be immediately removed from the flash unit. Lye leaking out of spent batteries will damage the unit. Never recharge dry-cell batteries! Do not expose the flash unit or battery charger to dripping or splashing water (such as rain)! Protect the flash unit from excessive heat and humidity! Do not store the flash unit in the glove compartment of a car! Never place material that is impervious to light in front of, or directly on, the reflector screen. The reflector screen must be perfectly clean when a flash is fired. The high energy of the flash light will burn the material or damage the reflector screen if this is not observed. Do not touch the reflector screen after a series of flash shots. Danger of burns!

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Never disassemble the flashgun! DANGER: HIGH VOLTAGE! There are no components inside the flashgun that can be repaired by a layman. When taking a series of flash shots at full light output and fast recycling times as provided by NiCad battery operation, make sure to observe an interval of at least 10 minutes after 15 flashes, otherwise the flash unit will be overloaded. The mecablitz may only be used in combination with a camera-integrated flash unit if the latter can completely be folded out! Quick changes in temperature may cause condensation. Therefore give the flashgun time to acclimatize!
Canon camera type Camera Canon Tipo de cmara Canon
EOS 1V, 3, 30, 33, 50, 50E, EOS 300, 500N, EOS ELAN II, ELAN IIE, ELAN 7E, EOS REBEL 2000, REBEL G, EOS New Kiss, Kiss III, EOS IX, IX E, IX 7, IX Lite, IX 50 EOS 700, 750, 850
EOS 1, 1N, 100, 100QD, 600, 620, 630, 650, 650QD, 1000, 1000N, 1000F, 1000FN, 3000, REBEL, REBEL S, REBEL SII,EOS ELAN, EOS RT, EOS 88
x x EOS 5, 10, 10S, 500, 5000, EOS A2, A2E, Kiss, 888, EOS REBEL X, REBEL XS
2.1 mecablitz 36 AF-3 C = Dedicated function is supported

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2. Supported dedicated functions
Flash ready indication in camera viewfinder Automatic flash sync speed TTL flash control Manual TTL-flash exposure correction AF measuring beam control Programmed auto flash mode
x = Dedicated function is performed by the camera or must be set on the camera

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4, 505si super, 505si, XTsi, HTsi, 500si super, 500si, 400si, 404si,303si, 7xi, 5xi, 3xi, SPxi, 5000i, 5700i, Vectis S-1
2.2 mecablitz 36 AF-3 M = Dedicated function is supported x = Dedicated function is performed by the camera or must be set on the camera = Only in the camera modes A, S and M
Minolta camera type Camera Minolta Tipo de cmara Minolta

Dynax / Maxxum

700si, 650si, 600si

5, 7, 800si

x x 98

x x

Flash ready indication in camera viewfinder Automatic flash sync speed TTL flash control Automatic TTL flash exposure correction Manual TTL-flash exposure correction 1st or 2nd curtain synchronisation AF measuring beam control Programmed auto flash mode

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F70, N70, Pronea 600i, Pronea 6i
F5, F4s, F4, F100, F90X, N90S, F90, N90, F801s, F801, N8008s, N8008

2.3 mecablitz 36 AF-3 N

F501, N2020, F401, N4004, F401s, N4004s, F301, N2000

Tipo de cmara Nikon

= Dedicated function is supported
F60, N60, F50, N50 FA, FE-2, FG, EM

Nikon camera type

Camera Nikon

F601M, N6000

F601, N6006

x x 100

x x x
FM-3A Flash ready indication in camera viewfinder Automatic flash sync speed TTL flash control Automatic TTL flash exposure correction Matrix controlled TTL fill-in flash mode x Manual TTL-flash exposure correction

1st or 2nd curtain synchronisation
AF measuring beam control Programmed auto flash mode

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Mounting the mecablitz Montaggio del mecablitz Montaje del mecablitz
3. Mounting the mecablitz
3.1 Mounting the mecablitz on the camera
Turn off the camera and the mecablitz by their main
switch. mecablitz 36 AF-3 C and 36 AF-3 N Turn the knurled nut against the mecablitz housing until the stop point is reached. Slide the mecablitz foot completely into the cameras accessory shoe. Turn the knurled nut against the camera body as far as possible, thereby clamping the mecablitz. mecablitz 36 AF-3 M Slide the mecablitz foot completely into the cameras accessory shoe. Lightly press the unlatching button PUSH upward to clamp the mecablitz in the cameras accessory shoe.

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3.2 Removing the mecablitz from the camera
switch. mecablitz 36 AF-3 C and 36 AF-3 N Turn the knurled nut against the mecablitz housing until the stop point is reached. Withdraw the mecablitz from the cameras accessory shoe. mecablitz 36 AF-3 M Press the unlatching button PUSH towards the flash unit and at the same time hold it lightly down until the PUSH button locks in place. Withdraw the mecablitz from the cameras accessory shoe.

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Power Supply Alimentazione Alimentacin de corriente

4. Power supply

4.1 Suitable batteries The mecablitz can be operated with any of the following batteries: 4 NiCad batteries, type IEC KR 15/51. They permit very fast recycling and are economical in use because they are rechargeable. 4 nickel metal hydride batteries. They have a significantly higher capacity than NiCad batteries and are less harmful to the environment (no cadmium). 4 alkaline manganese dry-cell batteries, type IEC LR6. Maintenance-free power source for moderate power requirements.
Do not use lithium batteries! Their higher cell voltage
may damage the electronic system of the flash unit. Remove the batteries from the mecablitz if the flash unit is not going to be used for an extended period of time.

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4.2 Replacing batteries The batteries are exhausted if the recycling time (elapsing from the triggering of a full-power flash to the moment the flash ready indicator lights up again) exceeds 60 seconds. Turn off the mecablitz by its main switch. Slide the battery compartment cover in the direction of the arrow and fold open. Insert the batteries lengthwise in conformity with the indicated battery symbols and close the battery compartment cover.
When loading batteries ensure correct polarity, as indicated by the symbols in the battery compartment. Mixed up battery poles may destroy the flash unit! Replace all batteries at a time and make sure that the batteries are of the same brand and type and have the same capacity!

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Exhausted batteries must not be thrown in the dustbin!
4.3 Switching the flash unit on and off The flash unit is switched on by its main switch. In the right ON position, the mecablitz is on. To turn off the flash unit reset the main switch to its OFF position.
Help protect the environment and dispose of run-down batteries at the appropriate collecting points.

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Dedicated functions and flash mode Funzioni dedicate e modi flash Funciones dedicadas y funcionamiento del flash
5. Dedicated functions and flash mode
5.1 Flash readiness indication The flash readiness symbol lights up on the mecablitz when the flash capacitor is charged, thereby indicating that flashes can be fired for the next shot. Flash readiness is transmitted to the camera and displayed in the viewfinder (see camera manual). If a picture is shot before flash readiness is signalled in the cameras viewfinder, then the flash unit will not be triggered so that the exposure may be incorrect.
If flash readiness is established, a full-power test flash
can be triggered with the manual firing button on the mecablitz.

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5.2 Automatic flash sync speed control Depending on the camera model and the selected mode, the cameras shutter speed automatically changes to flash sync speed when flash readiness is reached (see operating instructions for the given camera). Shutter speeds faster than the flash sync speed cannot be set or will automatically be changed to flash sync speed. Various cameras feature a sync speed range, e.g. 1/30th sec. to 1/125th sec. (see the cameras operating instructions). The actual sync speed used by the camera depends on the camera mode, the prevailing ambient light and the focal length of the lens. Shutter speeds that are slower than the flash sync speed can be used, depending on the operating mode selected on the camera.

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Only mecablitz 36 AF-3 M: When the flash unit is switched on with bright ambient light, ensure that in the Program P and Programmed Image Control Modes the shutter speed is not faster than the flash sync speed. In the event that the camera selects a faster speed, this can be limited to the flash sync speed by pressing the key for exposure control on the camera. An alternative way to overcome the problem is to set the A, S or M mode on the camera. 5.3 Correct exposure indication The o.k. correct exposure confirmation briefly lights up on the mecablitz when the shot was correctly exposed in TTL flash mode. If o.k. is not indicated after an exposure, then this means that the shot was underexposed. The shot will then have to be repeated with the next smaller f-number (e.g. f/8 instead of f/11) or the distance to the subject or the reflecting surface (e.g. when bouncing the flash) must be shortened.

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Please refer to the maximum flash range indicated on the aperture calculator of the mecablitz. Only mecablitz 36 AF-3 M: Following correct exposure the mecablitz transmits a signal to the camera with the result that correct exposure is additionally indicated in the viewfinder of some cameras (see operating instructions for the given camera). 5.4 Displays in the camera viewfinder
The actual display in the camera viewfinder can deviate
from the subsequent description or some symbols are only possible with certain camera models (see operating instructions for the given camera).

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5.4.1 mecablitz 36 AF-3 C Flash symbol flashes: User is requested to use or switch on the flash unit. Flash symbol lights up: mecablitz is ready for operation. Some cameras have a warning function in the viewfinder to indicate incorrect exposure. For instance, if the f-number or shutter speed or both of them flash in the viewfinder, then this will indicate either under- or overexposure. Basic information concerning incorrect exposure: In the event of overexposure: Do not use the flash! In the event of underexposure: Switch on the flash unit or mount the camera on a tripod and set a slower shutter speed. The reasons for incorrect exposure can vary in the different exposure and automatic programmes.

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5.4.2 mecablitz 36 AF-3 M Flash symbol lights up (Flash readiness indication): Display is permanently illuminated or flashes slowly to indicate that the mecablitz is ready for firing. A flash will be fired when the cameras shutter is released. Flash symbol flashes (Correct exposure indication): Display flashes rapidly after shooting to confirm correct exposure. Display flashes: Flash is required for the existing exposure situation.

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5.4.3 mecablitz 36 AF-3 N Green flash symbol illuminated: User is requested to use or switch on the flash unit. Red flash symbol illuminated: Flash unit is ready for firing. Red flash symbol remains illuminated after shooting or is briefly switched off: The shot was correctly exposed. 5.5 Zoom reflector The zoom reflector of the mecablitz has four zoom positions for optimal light coverage and adaptation of the guide number to the focal length of the lens. 28 mm Wide-angle illumination for focal lengths as of 28 mm 35 mm Wide-angle illumination for focal lengths as of 35 mm 50 mm Normal illumination for focal lengths as of 50 mm 85 mm Telelens illumination for focal lengths as of 85 mm

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The zoom reflector can be swivelled upwards into four locking positions (e.g. for bounce flashes): 30, 45, 60 and 90. For normal flash operation the reflector is in the horizontal position: 0. 5.6 AF measuring beam The AF measuring beam is activated by the camera electronics when the ambient lighting conditions are insufficient for automatic focusing. The AF beam emitter then projects a striped pattern on to the subject, and the camera uses this pattern to focus automatically.
activation by To enablethe camera of the AF measuring beamthe the camera, lens must be set to AF. On camera, the AF mode Single-AF or ONE-SHOT-AF must be selected. Low-speed zoom lenses may significantly reduce the distance range of the AF measuring beam.

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The striped pattern of the AF measuring beam only supports the cameras central AF sensor. When using cameras with several AF metering areas we therefore recommend to activate the cameras central AF metering zone. Some cameras may only activate the AF illuminator integrated in the camera. In such an event, the AF measuring beam emitter of the mecablitz will not be activated. Please refer to the corresponding information given in operating instructions for the individual camera.

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5.7 TTL flash mode The mecablitz 36AF-3 is only suitable for the TTL flash mode. The TTL flash mode is a very simple way to achieve excellent flash shots. In this mode exposure readings are taken by a sensor built into the camera which measures the light reaching the film through the camera lens (TTL). The electronic control circuit within the camera transmits a stop signal to the mecablitz as soon as the film has been exposed by the correct amount of light, thereby instantly interrupting the flash. The advantage of this flash mode is that all factors influencing correct exposure of the film (filters, change of aperture and focal length with zoom lenses, extensions for closeups, etc.) are automatically taken into account. You need not worry about setting the flash, the cameras electronic system automatically determines the correct amount of flash light required. If flash exposure was correct, the o.k. exposure confirmation lights up.

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The TTL flash mode is supported by all camera modes (e.g. Full Auto Mode, Program P, Aperture Priority Mode Av or A, Shutter Priority Mode Tv or S, Programmed Image Control Modes, Manual Mode M, etc.).
film must be loaded To test the TTL function a the film please checkin the camera. When selecting whether limits regarding maximum film speed are applicable to the given camera when in TTL mode (refer to the cameras operating instructions). The mecablitz supports the TTL flash mode for film speeds from ISO 25 to ISO 800.
5.7.1 Automatic TTL fill-in flash in daylight Most camera models automatically activate the fill-in flash mode when in Full Auto Mode, Program P, and the Programmed Image Control Modes in daylight (see the cameras operating instructions). Fill-in flash overcomes troublesome dense shadows and produces a more balanced exposure between subject and back132

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ground with contre-jour shots. The cameras computer-controlled metering system sets the most suitable combination of shutter speed, working aperture and flash output. source not shine Ensure that the contre-jour light misleaddoes cameras directly into the lens as this will the TTL metering system! In this instance there is no setting or display on the mecablitz for automatic TTL fill-in flash.

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5.7.2 Matrix-controlled fill-in flash (Nikon) In this flash mode the subject and the background lighting are automatically balanced without overexposing the subject. The camera establishes the exposure setting for the ambient light by matrix metering. This operating mode is either set on the camera or automatically activated by the camera (see operating instructions for the given camera). 5.7.3 Manual TTL flash exposure correction The TTL auto flash mode of most cameras is matched to a 25 % degree of light reflection by the subject (average amount of light reflected by flash-shot subjects). Consequently, a dark background that absorbs a great deal of light, or a bright background that reflects a great deal of light, can result in under- or overexposure, respectively.
Only with mecablitz 36 AF-3 N

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To offset this effect a correction value can be set on some cameras to manually match the TTL flash exposure to the photographic situation. The actual extent of correction depends on the contrast prevailing between subject and background. The correction value is set on the camera. Please refer to the cameras operating instructions for details concerning the settings. a bright background: A dark subject in front of(approx. 1 to 2 EV). Light Positive correction value

subject in front of a dark background: Negative correction value (approx. -1 to -2 EV). Exposure correction by changing the lens diaphragm is not possible because the cameras automatic exposure system will automatically regard the changed diaphragm as the normal working aperture. forget to reset the After the exposure do not to the normal valueTTL flash exposure correction back on the camera!

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5.8 Establishing the maximum flash range with the aperture calculator The maximum flash range of the mecablitz can be established by way of the aperture calculator in the control panel. Set the ISO upper slide at the ISO speed of the film loaded in the camera. Set the lower slide at the selected zoom position of the reflector (28 mm, 35 mm, 50 mm or 85 mm). Select in the F line of the aperture calculator the f-stop set on the camera/lens. The maximum flash range of the mecablitz in meters (m) and feet (ft) is indicated underneath the f-stop. A minimum distance to the subject should be maintained to avoid overexposure. The minimum distance is approximately 10 per cent of the maximum flash range. Ideally, the subject should be located in the middle third of the distance between minimum distance and maximum flash

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range to give the electronic circuit sufficient leeway for light control. Example: Settings: ISO 100, 50 mm, f/4 The aperture calculator will indicate a maximum flash range of approx. 7.3 m. The minimum distance to the subject is therefore approx. 0.7 m. Ideally, the subject should be at a distance of between 2.9 m and 5.1 m.

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Programmed Auto Flash Mode Automatismo di programma flash Automatismo programado para flash
6. Programmed Auto Flash Mode
In the programmed auto flash mode the camera automatically controls the aperture, the shutter speed, and the mecablitz for optimal results in most photographic situations, including fill-in flash. Settings on the camera Set your camera to Full Auto Mode, Program P or a Programmed Image Control Mode (landscape, portraiture, sport, etc.). Select the auto-focus mode on the camera. Settings on the flash unit Adjust the zoom position of the reflector to the focal length of the lens or set the reflector straightaway to 28 mm. Having completed the above settings, you can commence flash photography as soon as the mecablitz indicates flash readiness.

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Flash techniques Tecniche lampo Tcnicas de destello

7. Flash techniques

7.1 Bounce flash Photos shot with full frontal flash are easily recognized by their harsh, dense shadows. This is often associated with a sharp drop in light from the foreground to the background. This phenomenon can be avoided with bounce flash because the diffused light will produce a soft and uniform rendition of both the subject and the background. For this situation the reflector is turned in such a manner that the flash is bounced off a suitable reflective surface (e.g. ceiling or wall of the room). The reflector can be turned vertically up to 90. When turning the reflector vertically, it is essential to ensure that it is moved by a sufficiently wide angle so that direct light can no longer fall on the subject. Consequently, always turn the reflector at least to the 60 lock-in position.

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The light bounced off the reflecting surfaces produces a soft and uniform illumination of the subject. The reflecting surface must be white or have a neutral colour, and it must not be structured, e.g. wooden beams in a ceiling as these might cause shadows. For colour effects just select the reflective surface in the desired colour. maximum flash range is Take into account that thewhen bouncing the flash. The considerably diminished following rule of thumb will help you determine the maximum flash range for a room of normal height: guide number Maximum flash range = (flash-to-subject distance x 2)

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7.2 Flash synchronisation 7.2.1 Normal synchronisation In normal synchronisation the mecablitz is triggered at the beginning of the exposure time (1st curtain synchronisation). Normal synchronisation is the standard mode on all cameras, and is suitable for most flash shots. Depending upon the given mode, the camera is changed over to flash sync speed, the customary one being between 1/30th sec. and 1/125th sec. (see the cameras operating instructions). No settings have to be made on the mecablitz, nor is there any display for this mode. 7.2.2 REAR - Second-curtain synchronisation Some cameras offer the facility of second-curtain synchronisation (REAR mode) triggering the mecablitz by the end of the exposure time. Second-curtain synchronisation is particularly advantageous when using slow shutter speeds (slower than 1/30 sec.) or when shooting moving objects that have their own source of light. Second-curtain synchronisation

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gives a more realistic impression of movement because the light streaks behind the light source instead of building up in front of it, as is the case when the flash is synchronised with the 1st shutter curtain! Depending on its operating mode, the camera uses shutter speeds slower than its sync speed. is only possible with cameras fea The REAR function The corresponding setting is made turing this facility.

on the camera (see operating instructions of the given camera). 7.2.3 Slow synchronisation / SLOW In certain operating modes, some cameras permit slow flash synchronisation (SLOW) which will provide added prominence to the background at lower ambient light levels. This is achieved by matching the shutter speed to the ambient light. Accordingly, shutter speeds slower than the flash sync speed are automatically adjusted by the camera. Some cameras automatically activate SLOW synchronisation in connection with certain programs (e.g. aperture priority Av or A,

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Maintenance and care Cura e manutenzione Mantenimiento y cuidados
night shots program, etc.) or permit slow synchronisation to be set (see cameras instruction manual).
Use a tripod to avoid camera shake with slow shutter speeds!

8. Maintenance and care

Remove any grime and dust with a soft, dry or silicon-treated cloth. Never use detergents that could damage plastic parts. Forming the flash capacitor The flash capacitor incorporated in the flash unit undergoes a physical change when the flash unit is not switched on for prolonged periods of time. For this reason it is necessary to switch on the mecablitz for approx. 10 minutes every 3 months. The batteries must supply sufficient power for flash readiness to be indicated within 1 minute after the mecablitz was switched on.

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Technical Data Dati tecnici Caractersticas tcnicas
accept any liability for functions Metz does not the mecablitz caused byfaultyuse of or damage to the accessories from other manufacturers!

9. Technical data

Zoom reflector positions: 28 mm - 35 mm - 50 mm - 85 mm Tilting range and locking positions of flash head: vertically 30 - 45 - 60 - 90 Flash duration: 1/500 s - 1/30,000 s Colour temperature: approx. 5500 K Film speed: ISO 25 to ISO 800 Synchronisation: Low-voltage ignition Number of flashes (at full light output): approx. 160 with NiCad batteries (600 mAh) approx. 450 with high-capacity alkaline manganese batteries

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Recycling time (at full light output): approx. 5 s with NiCad batteries approx. 5 s with high-capacity alkaline manganese batteries Dimensions (w x h x d): 73 x 110 x 87 mm Weight: 205 g without batteries Included: mecablitz, Operating Instructions

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9.1 Guide number table for full light output, metric system ISO / DIN
25/15 32/16 40/17 50/18 64/19 80/20 100/21 125/22 160/23 200/24 250/25 320/26 400/27 500/28 650/29 800/30
Guide number (ft) =Guide number (m) x 3.3 Numero guida (ft) = numero guida (m) x 3,3 Nmero gua (ft) = nmero gua (m) x 3,3
28.0 10.0 11.3 12.6 14.1 16.0 17.9 20.0 22.4 25.3 28.3 31.6 35.8 40.0 44.7 50.6 56.6
Zoom position of reflector

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5.3 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.7.1 5.7.2 5.7.3
Correct exposure indication. 77 Displays in the camera viewfinder. 77 mecablitz 36 AF-3 C. 78 mecablitz 36 AF-3 M. 78 mecablitz 36 AF-3 N. 78 Zoom reflector. 79 AF measuring beam. 79 TTL flash mode. 80 Automatic TTL fill-in flash in daylight. 81 Canon E-TTL flash mode. 81 Matrix-controlled fill-in flash (Nikon). 82
7.2.1 Normal synchronisation. 86 7.2.2 REAR - Second-curtain synchronisation. 86 7.2.3 Slow synchronisation / SLOW. 86 8. 9. 9.1 Maintenance and care. 87 Technical data. 88 Guide number table for full light output, metric system. 136
5.7.4 Manual TTL flash exposure correction. 83 5.8 Establishing the maximum flash range with the aperture calculator. 83 6. 7. 7.1 7.2 Programmed Auto Flash Mode. 84 Flash techniques. 85 Bounce flash. 85 Flash synchronisation. 86 69
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1. Safety instructions

The flash unit is exclusively intended and approved for photographic use! Never fire a flash in the vicinity of flammable gases or liquids (petrol, solvents, etc.)! DANGER OF EXPLOSION! Never take flash shots of car, bus or train drivers, or of motorcycle and bicycle riders, whilst they are travelling. They could be blinded by the light and cause an accident!
Never throw exhausted batteries on to a fire! Exhausted batteries should be immediately removed from the flash unit. Lye leaking out of spent batteries will damage the unit. Never recharge dry-cell batteries! Do not expose the flash unit or battery charger to dripping or splashing water (such as rain)! Protect the flash unit from excessive heat and humidity! Do not store the flash unit in the glove compartment of a car! Never place material that is impervious to light in front of, or directly on, the reflector screen. The reflector screen must be perfectly clean when a flash is fired. The high energy of the flash light will burn the material or damage the reflector screen if this is not observed. Do not touch the reflector screen after a series of flash shots. Danger of burns!
Never fire a flash in the immediate vicinity of the eyes! Flash fired directly in front of the eyes of a person or animal can damage the retina and lead to severe visual disorders - even blindness! Only use the approved power sources listed in the Operating Instructions! Do not expose batteries to excessive heat, sunshine, fire and the like! 70
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Never disassemble the flashgun! DANGER: HIGH VOLTAGE! There are no components inside the flashgun that can be repaired by a layman. When taking a series of flash shots at full light output and fast recycling times as provided by NiCad battery operation, make sure to observe an interval of at least 10 minutes after 15 flashes, otherwise the flash unit will be overloaded. The mecablitz may only be used in combination with a camera-integrated flash unit if the latter can completely be folded out! Quick changes in temperature may cause condensation. Therefore give the flashgun time to acclimatize!

2. Supported dedicated functions
2.1 mecablitz 36 AF-3 C Flash ready indication in camera viewfinder Automatic flash sync speed TTL flash control Manual TTL-flash exposure correction x AF measuring beam control Programmed auto flash mode
= Dedicated function is performed by the camera or must be set on the camera. x = Some cameras only support the AF illuminator integrated in the camera.
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2.2 mecablitz 36 AF-4 C Flash ready indication in camera viewfinder Automatic flash sync speed TTL flash control E-TTL flash control Manual TTL-flash exposure correction Flash exposure storage FE x AF measuring beam control
2.3 mecablitz 36 AF-3 M Flash ready indication in camera viewfinder > Automatic flash sync speed TTL flash control Automatic TTL flash exposure correction Manual TTL-flash exposure correction AF measuring beam control Programmed auto flash mode 1st or 2nd curtain synchronisation
= Dedicated function is performed by the camera or must be set on the camera. x = Some cameras only support the AF illuminator integrated in the camera. > = Only in the camera modes A, S and M
Programmed auto flash mode
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2.4 mecablitz 36 AF-3 N Flash ready indication in camera viewfinder Automatic flash sync speed TTL flash control Automatic TTL flash exposure correction Manual TTL-flash exposure correction Matrix controlled TTL fill-in flash mode AF measuring beam control Programmed auto flash mode 1st or 2nd curtain synchronisation
3. Mounting the mecablitz
3.1 Mounting the mecablitz on the camera
Turn off the camera and the mecablitz by their main
switch. mecablitz 36 AF-3 C/4 C and 36 AF-3 N Turn the knurled nut against the mecablitz housing until the stop point is reached. Slide the mecablitz foot completely into the cameras accessory shoe. Turn the knurled nut against the camera body as far as possible, thereby clamping the mecablitz. mecablitz 36 AF-3 M Slide the mecablitz foot completely into the cameras accessory shoe. Lightly press the unlatching button PUSH upward to clamp the mecablitz in the cameras accessory shoe. 73
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3.2 Removing the mecablitz from the camera

switch. mecablitz 36 AF-3 C/4 C and 36 AF-3 N Turn the knurled nut against the mecablitz housing until the stop point is reached. Withdraw the mecablitz from the cameras accessory shoe. mecablitz 36 AF-3 M

4. Power supply

4.1 Suitable batteries The mecablitz can be operated with any of the following batteries: 4 NiCad batteries, type IEC KR 15/51. They permit very fast recycling and are economical in use because they are rechargeable. 4 nickel metal hydride batteries. They have a significantly higher capacity than NiCad batteries and are less harmful to the environment (no cadmium). 4 alkaline manganese dry-cell batteries, type IEC LR6. Maintenance-free power source for moderate power requirements. Do not use lithium batteries! Their higher cell voltage may damage the electronic system of the flash unit. Remove the batteries from the mecablitz if the flash unit is not going to be used for an extended period of time.
Press the unlatching button PUSH towards the flash unit and at the same time hold it lightly down until the PUSH button locks in place. Withdraw the mecablitz from the cameras accessory shoe.
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4.2 Replacing batteries The batteries are exhausted if the recycling time (elapsing from the triggering of a full-power flash to the moment the flash ready indicator lights up again) exceeds 60 seconds. Turn off the mecablitz by its main switch. Slide the battery compartment cover in the direction of the arrow and fold open. Insert the batteries lengthwise in conformity with the indicated battery symbols and close the battery compartment cover.
Help protect the environment and dispose of run-down batteries at the appropriate collecting points. 4.3 Switching the flash unit on and off The flash unit is switched on by its main switch. In the right ON position, the mecablitz is on. To turn off the flash unit reset the main switch to its OFF position.
When loading batteries ensure correct polarity, as
indicated by the symbols in the battery compartment. Mixed up battery poles may destroy the flash unit! Replace all batteries at a time and make sure that the batteries are of the same brand and type and have the same capacity! 75

Exhausted batteries must not be thrown in the dustbin!
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5. Dedicated functions and flash mode
5.1 Flash readiness indication The flash readiness symbol lights up on the mecablitz when the flash capacitor is charged, thereby indicating that flashes can be fired for the next shot. Flash readiness is transmitted to the camera and displayed in the viewfinder (see camera manual). If a picture is shot before flash readiness is signalled in the cameras viewfinder, then the flash unit will not be triggered so that the exposure may be incorrect. can be triggered with the manual firing button on the mecablitz.
5.2 Automatic flash sync speed control Depending on the camera model and the selected mode, the cameras shutter speed automatically changes to flash sync speed when flash readiness is reached (see operating instructions for the given camera). Shutter speeds faster than the flash sync speed cannot be set or will automatically be changed to flash sync speed. Various cameras feature a sync speed range, e.g. 1/30th sec. to 1/125th sec. (see the cameras operating instructions). The actual sync speed used by the camera depends on the camera mode, the prevailing ambient light and the focal length of the lens. Shutter speeds that are slower than the flash sync speed can be used, depending on the operating mode selected on the camera.
If flash readiness is established, a full-power test flash
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Only mecablitz 36 AF-3 M: When the flash unit is switched on with bright ambient light, ensure that in the Program P and Programmed Image Control Modes the shutter speed is not faster than the flash sync speed. In the event that the camera selects a faster speed, this can be limited to the flash sync speed by pressing the key for exposure control on the camera. An alternative way to overcome the problem is to set the A, S or M mode on the camera. 5.3 Correct exposure indication The o.k. correct exposure confirmation briefly lights up on the mecablitz when the shot was correctly exposed in TTL flash mode. If o.k. is not indicated after an exposure, then this means that the shot was underexposed. The shot will then have to be repeated with the next smaller f-number (e.g. f/8 instead of f/11) or the distance to the subject or the reflecting sur-
face (e.g. when bouncing the flash) must be shortened. Please refer to the maximum flash range indicated on the aperture calculator of the mecablitz 36AF-3C/M/N. Only mecablitz 36 AF-3 M: Following correct exposure the mecablitz transmits a signal to the camera with the result that correct exposure is additionally indicated in the viewfinder of some cameras (see operating instructions for the given camera). 5.4 Displays in the camera viewfinder

The actual display in the camera viewfinder can deviate from the subsequent description or some symbols are only possible with certain camera models (see operating instructions for the given camera).
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5.4.1 mecablitz 36 AF-3 C/4 C Flash symbol flashes: User is requested to use or switch on the flash unit. Flash symbol lights up: mecablitz is ready for operation. Some cameras have a warning function in the viewfinder to indicate incorrect exposure. For instance, if the f-number or shutter speed or both of them flash in the viewfinder, then this will indicate either under- or overexposure. Basic information concerning incorrect exposure:
5.4.2 mecablitz 36 AF-3 M Flash symbol lights up (Flash readiness indication): Display is permanently illuminated or flashes slowly to indicate that the mecablitz is ready for firing. A flash will be fired when the cameras shutter is released. Flash symbol flashes (Correct exposure indication): Display flashes rapidly after shooting to confirm correct exposure. Display flashes: Flash is required for the existing exposure situation. 5.4.3 mecablitz 36 AF-3 N Green flash symbol illuminated: User is requested to use or switch on the flash unit. Red flash symbol illuminated: Flash unit is ready for firing. Red flash symbol remains illuminated after shooting or is briefly switched off:
In the event of overexposure: Do not use the flash! In the event of underexposure: Switch on the flash unit or mount the camera on a tripod and set a slower shutter speed. The reasons for incorrect exposure can vary in the different exposure and automatic programmes.
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The shot was correctly exposed. 5.5 Zoom reflector The zoom reflector of the mecablitz has four zoom positions for optimal light coverage and adaptation of the guide number to the focal length of the lens. 28 mm Wide-angle illumination for focal lengths as of 28 mm 35 mm Wide-angle illumination for focal lengths as of 35 mm 50 mm Normal illumination for focal lengths as of 50 mm 85 mm Telelens illumination for focal lengths as of 85 mm The zoom reflector can be swivelled upwards into four locking positions (e.g. for bounce flashes): 30, 45, 60 and 90. For normal flash operation the reflector is in the horizontal position: 0.

5.6 AF measuring beam The AF measuring beam is activated by the camera electronics when the ambient lighting conditions are insufficient for automatic focusing. The AF beam emitter then projects a striped pattern on to the subject, and the camera uses this pattern to focus automatically. measuring beam by To enable activation of the AFmust be set to AF. On the camera, the camera lens
the camera, the AF mode Single-AF or ONE-SHOTAF must be selected. Low-speed zoom lenses may significantly reduce the distance range of the AF measuring beam. The striped pattern of the AF measuring beam only supports the cameras central AF sensor. When using cameras with several AF metering areas we therefore recommend to activate the cameras central AF metering zone. Some cameras may only activate the AF illuminator integrated in the camera. In such an event, the AF measuring 79
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beam emitter of the mecablitz will not be activated. Please refer to the corresponding information given in operating instructions for the individual camera. 5.7 TTL flash mode The mecablitz 36AF-3 is only suitable for the TTL flash mode. The TTL flash mode is a very simple way to achieve excellent flash shots. In this mode exposure readings are taken by a sensor built into the camera which measures the light reaching the film through the camera lens (TTL). The electronic control circuit within the camera transmits a stop signal to the mecablitz as soon as the film has been exposed by the correct amount of light, thereby instantly interrupting the flash. The advantage of this flash mode is that all factors influencing correct exposure of the film (filters, change of aperture and focal length with zoom lenses, extensions for close-ups, etc.) are automatically taken into account. You 80
need not worry about setting the flash, the cameras electronic system automatically determines the correct amount of flash light required. If flash exposure was correct, the o.k. exposure confirmation lights up. The TTL flash mode is supported by all camera modes (e.g. Full Auto Mode, Program P, Aperture Priority Mode Av or A, Shutter Priority Mode Tv or S, Programmed Image Control Modes, Manual Mode M, etc.). film must be loaded To test the TTL function a the film please checkin the camera. When selecting whet-
her limits regarding maximum film speed are applicable to the given camera when in TTL mode (refer to the cameras operating instructions). The mecablitz supports the TTL flash mode for film speeds from ISO 25 to ISO 800.
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5.7.1 Automatic TTL fill-in flash in daylight Most camera models automatically activate the fill-in flash mode when in Full Auto Mode, Program P, and the Programmed Image Control Modes in daylight (see the cameras operating instructions). Fill-in flash overcomes troublesome dense shadows and produces a more balanced exposure between subject and background with contre-jour shots. The cameras computercontrolled metering system sets the most suitable combination of shutter speed, working aperture and flash output.

5.7.2 Canon E-TTL flash mode The E-TTL flash mode is an advanced variant of the normal TTL flash mode. Prior to shooting, the reflection of the subject is measured by way of a preflash. The camera evaluates the reflected preflash light so that the subsequent flash exposure is optimally adapted to the prevailing photographic situation (see operating instructions of your camera). The measuring preflash does not contribute to the exposure. Settings and displays Switch on the flash unit and the camera. Lightly touch the cameras shutter release for data exchange between flash unit and camera. The E-TTL flash mode is automatically activated when the camera supports this mode. E-TTL then lights up on the flash unit.
With mecablitz 34 AF-4 C only
source not shine Ensure that the contre-jour light misleaddoes cameras directly into the lens as this will the TTL metering system!
In this instance there is no setting or display on the mecablitz for automatic TTL fill-in flash.
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FE flash exposure storage Some Canon cameras offer the possibility of FE flash exposure storage. This is supported by the flash unit in the E-TTL flash mode. FE flash exposure storage in E-TTL mode permits the amount of light required for the subsequent shot to be determined and stored prior to exposure. This can be expedient when flash exposure has to be adapted to specific details that may not necessarily be identical with the main subject.
the camera. When the shutter release is pressed the picture will be exposed with the previously determined light output. Due to system-inherent reasons any changes in the light situation after the FE test flash has been fired will not be taken into account when the picture is shot. Some cameras do not support FE flash exposure storage in the green full auto mode or programmed image control modes (see cameras operating instructions). 5.7.3 Matrix-controlled fill-in flash (Nikon) In this flash mode the subject and the background lighting are automatically balanced without overexposing the subject. The camera establishes the exposure setting for the ambient light by matrix metering. This operating mode is either set on the camera or automatically activated by the camera (see operating instructions for the given camera).

Focus the cameras AF sensor metering area on the zone whose flash exposure is to be predetermined. When the FE button on the camera is actuated (the designation may vary with individual camera models - see cameras operating instructions) the flash unit will fire an FE test flash. The electronic measuring circuit inside the camera assesses the reflected light of the FE test flash to determine the light output required for the subsequent exposure. The main subject can thereafter be focused with the AF sensor metering area of 82
Only with mecablitz 36 AF-3 N
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5.7.4 Manual TTL flash exposure correction The TTL auto flash mode of most cameras is matched to a 25 % degree of light reflection by the subject (average amount of light reflected by flash-shot subjects). Consequently, a dark background that absorbs a great deal of light, or a bright background that reflects a great deal of light, can result in under- or overexposure, respectively. To offset this effect a correction value can be set on some cameras to manually match the TTL flash exposure to the photographic situation. The actual extent of correction depends on the contrast prevailing between subject and background. The correction value is set on the camera. Please refer to the cameras operating instructions for details concerning the settings. a bright background: A dark subject in front of(approx. 1 to 2 EV). Light Positive correction value
Exposure correction by changing the lens diaphragm is not possible because the cameras automatic exposure system will automatically regard the changed diaphragm as the normal working aperture.
forget to reset the After the exposure do not to the normal valueTTL flash exposure correction back on the camera!
5.8 Establishing the maximum flash range with the aperture calculator The maximum flash range of the mecablitz can be established by way of the aperture calculator in the control panel. Set the ISO upper slide at the ISO speed of the film loaded in the camera. Set the lower slide at the selected zoom position of the reflector (28 mm, 35 mm, 50 mm or 85 mm). 83
Only possible on flash units with aperture calculator.
subject in front of a dark background: Negative correction value (approx. -1 to -2 EV).
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Select in the F line of the aperture calculator the f-stop set on the camera/lens. The maximum flash range of the mecablitz in meters (m) and feet (ft) is indicated underneath the f-stop. A minimum distance to the subject should be maintained to avoid overexposure. The minimum distance is approximately 10 per cent of the maximum flash range. Ideally, the subject should be located in the middle third of the distance between minimum distance and maximum flash range to give the electronic circuit sufficient leeway for light control. Example: Settings: ISO 100, 50 mm, f/4 The aperture calculator will indicate a maximum flash range of approx. 7.3 m. The minimum distance to the subject is therefore approx. 0.7 m. 84

Ideally, the subject should be at a distance of between 2.9 m and 5.1 m.
6. Programmed Auto Flash Mode
In the programmed auto flash mode the camera automatically controls the aperture, the shutter speed, and the mecablitz for optimal results in most photographic situations, including fill-in flash. Settings on the camera Set your camera to Full Auto Mode, Program P or a Programmed Image Control Mode (landscape, portraiture, sport, etc.). Select the auto-focus mode on the camera. Settings on the flash unit Adjust the zoom position of the reflector to the focal length of the lens or set the reflector straightaway to 28 mm. Having completed the above settings, you can commence
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flash photography as soon as the mecablitz indicates flash readiness.
light can no longer fall on the subject. Consequently, always turn the reflector at least to the 60 lock-in position. The light bounced off the reflecting surfaces produces a soft and uniform illumination of the subject. The reflecting surface must be white or have a neutral colour, and it must not be structured, e.g. wooden beams in a ceiling as these might cause shadows. For colour effects just select the reflective surface in the desired colour. maximum flash range is Take into account that thewhen bouncing the flash. considerably diminished

7. Flash techniques

7.1 Bounce flash Photos shot with full frontal flash are easily recognized by their harsh, dense shadows. This is often associated with a sharp drop in light from the foreground to the background. This phenomenon can be avoided with bounce flash because the diffused light will produce a soft and uniform rendition of both the subject and the background. For this situation the reflector is turned in such a manner that the flash is bounced off a suitable reflective surface (e.g. ceiling or wall of the room). The reflector can be turned vertically up to 90. When turning the reflector vertically, it is essential to ensure that it is moved by a sufficiently wide angle so that direct
The following rule of thumb will help you determine the maximum flash range for a room of normal height: guide number Maximum flash range = (flash-to-subject distance x 2)
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7.2 Flash synchronisation 7.2.1 Normal synchronisation In normal synchronisation the mecablitz is triggered at the beginning of the exposure time (1st curtain synchronisation). Normal synchronisation is the standard mode on all cameras, and is suitable for most flash shots. Depending upon the given mode, the camera is changed over to flash sync speed, the customary one being between 1/30th sec. and 1/125th sec. (see the cameras operating instructions). No settings have to be made on the mecablitz, nor is there any display for this mode. 7.2.2 REAR - Second-curtain synchronisation Some cameras offer the facility of second-curtain synchronisation (REAR mode) triggering the mecablitz by the end of the exposure time. Second-curtain synchronisation is particularly advantageous when using slow shutter speeds (slower than 1/30 sec.) or when shooting moving objects that 86
have their own source of light. Second-curtain synchronisation gives a more realistic impression of movement because the light streaks behind the light source instead of building up in front of it, as is the case when the flash is synchronised with the 1st shutter curtain! Depending on its operating mode, the camera uses shutter speeds slower than its sync speed. is only possible with cameras fea The REAR function The corresponding setting is made turing this facility.
on the camera (see operating instructions of the given camera). 7.2.3 Slow synchronisation / SLOW In certain operating modes, some cameras permit slow flash synchronisation (SLOW) which will provide added prominence to the background at lower ambient light levels. This is achieved by matching the shutter speed to the ambient light. Accordingly, shutter speeds slower than the flash sync speed are automatically adjusted by the camera. Some
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cameras automatically activate SLOW synchronisation in connection with certain programs (e.g. aperture priority Av or A, night shots program, etc.) or permit slow synchronisation to be set (see cameras instruction manual).
readiness to be indicated within 1 minute after the mecablitz was switched on.
Use a tripod to avoid camera shake with slow shutter speeds!