GPS-based navigation

Navigation with GPS
The delivered maps contain the geographic coordinates of the points of interest, streets and towns they represent. Thus the navigation system can calculate a route from a given start point to a given destination point. In case your navigation system receives the signals of at least three satellites it may determine your current position and represent it on the map. This position may then serve as start point for navigation purposes. As the determination and representation of your position is carried out once a second, you may watch your movements on the map.
Traffic information with TMC)
The Traffic Message Channel (TMC) provides the navigation system with the latest traffic information. An external TMC receiver, which is connected to your device receives these signals broadcasted by radio stations. The Traffic Message Channel (TMC) is based on a news system. Traffic information is recorded continually this is done automatically by sensors on the motorways and by the police. This information is then forwarded to the radio stations without delay. It is digitally coded, differentiated according to routes and driving directions and transmitted inaudibly. The TMC-receiver extracts the TMC data from the RDS signal and provides the navigation software with them. Current traffic obstructions may then be displayed. The reported obstructions may be considered for route calculation. In case of obstructions on the computed itinerary, they may be used for computing an alternative route, which evades the obstruction. MioMap features dynamic navigation, which is well adapted to the current traffic situation.

TMC Operating mode

Important safety information
In your own interest, read the following notices and safety information carefully before starting up your navigation system.
2.2.1 Safety information on navigation
Use of MioMap is executed at your own risk. Caution: To protect yourself and others from accidents please do not operate the navigation system while driving! Caution: You must not look at the display except when it is absolutely safe to do so! Caution: The road layout and the traffic signs are absolutely prior to the instructions of the navigation system. Caution: You must not follow the instructions of MioMap except when the circumstances and the road traffic regulations allow doing so. MioMap will guide you to your destination even when you have left your planned itinerary. Note: We recommend effecting route planning before beginning the journey. If you are on the road and you want to establish a new itinerary, please drive to the next parking site! Note: If you have not understood the instructions or if you are not sure about what to do next you may quickly refer to the map or arrow view of your navigation system.

Safety information on handling the device
Caution: As it is neither splash proof nor waterproof, do not expose your navigation device to water! For example, protect it from rain, snow or hail when you are on your way by bike or on foot. Caution: Disconnect the navigation device from the power supply when you are leaving the car parked for a long period of time. Failure to do so might result in a dead battery since the internal GPS receiver constantly consumes electricity. Note: Do not use any harsh solvents for cleaning the device. A damp, lint-free cloth is sufficient! Note: Do not unplug by pulling the cable. This might damage the cable!
Safety information on the installation in the vehicle
Caution: Do not fix the holder within the deployment zone of airbags. Caution: When you install the holder, please check that it may not constitute any safety risk, even in case of an accident.

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Operating the navigation software
page 12 page 13 page 14 page 19
Topics covered in this chapter: 3.1 Hardware keys 3.2 Software keyboard 3.3 Command buttons Command buttons with caption 3.4 Lists

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Hardware keys
On your device, there are the following hardware keys which allow to accede quickly the most important functions: On / Off Turns the device on / off. This key is located on the left of the device. Back Opens the precedent screen. Loudspeaker Switches the loudspeaker on/off. Navigate home Initiates navigation to the entered home address. Destination Opens the DESTINATION screen. Zoom out Works only in map view mode. Zoom in Works only in map view mode.

Volume control wheel

The volume control wheel is located on the left of the device. Turn the wheel upwards to increase the loudness. Turn the wheel downwards to reduce the loudness.

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Survey

Software keyboard

A software keyboard appears at the bottom of the screen when text entries are necessary. After that you can type in all entries using your fingers. Only capital letters can be used.
You need not enter small letters or special characters when entering a destination's town or street name. MioMap replaces these characters automatically. When you are looking for, e.g., a French town called "Hrons", simply type "HEROINES". Entering a space, deleting a character Tap the Tap the cursor. Switching between character and number entry Tap the Tap the icon to enter a space character. icon to delete the character at the left of the
icon to enter numbers, e.g. for a postcode. icon to return to the character entry mode.

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Special characters Tap the icon to enter a special character. When you tap a character key now, a line above the software keyboard appears which lists all characters that may be entered by this key. The active character is highlighted.

Speed Position Save Quit Energy
The Energy icon is placed at the bottom right corner of the screen. The colour of the icon and the symbol displayed on it have the following significance: Colour/Symbol Significance The device is connected to an external power supply. The battery is charged. The LED on the device shines green. The device is connected to an external power supply. The battery is being charged. The LED on the device shines red. The device is being supplied by its internal battery. The charge state of the battery is sufficient. The number of green segments on the battery indicates its charge state (2 or 3 segments). The device is being supplied by its internal battery. The charge state of the battery is weak. The number of green segments on the battery indicates its charge state (0 or 1 segment). A message window informs you when the charge state of the battery becomes insufficient. Switching the GPS receiver on / off The GPS receiver consumes energy. This is of significance when the system is operated in battery mode, e.g. when you are on your way on foot or by bike. Switch therefore the GPS receiver off when you do not need it for a certain time. 1. Tap the Energy icon on the lower right corner of any screen.

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The ENERGY screen opens:
2. Tap the Off button to switch the GPS receiver off. 3. When the GPS-symbol in the upper right corner becomes red, tap the Cancel button. Note: Switching the GPS receiver on works the same way. TMC The TMC symbol is placed at the right margin of the screen. The figure on the TMC symbol shows how many valid traffic announcements have been received. The different TMC-icons have the following significance: Symbol Significance No TMC receiver connected -ORThe TMC receiver is turned off or not connected correctly. The TMC-receiver is ready but cannot receive TMC signals. This is the case when, e.g., you are in an area where TMC is not available. TMC signals are being received. TMC ready TMC Tap this icon to display TMC information. For details on the TMC functionality, please refer to "Using TMC functionality", page 95.

No TMC

Searching for broadcast station

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Command buttons with caption
You will find command buttons with captions on almost every screen of MioMap. There is three groups of command buttons: 1. Command buttons with a defined functionality. These buttons are designed to execute a functionality, which is indicated by their caption. They are normally buttons like Save, OK, Cancel, Select map, Navigation etc. 2. Buttons to select one of two possibilities. These buttons are designed to select one of two possibilities. Normally, the current state is indicated by the caption of the button. They are normally buttons like User mode, Yes-No, On-Off. When you tap one of these buttons, the caption switches to the other possibility. This change must be confirmed by clicking another button (normally OK or Save) before the current screen closes. 3. Buttons to enter data. Subsequently, these buttons will be referred to as entry fields. The caption either your last entry or <please select>. They are buttons like Town or Postcode, Street, Category (of a POI) etc. When you tap an entry field, another screen with a software keyboard, a list, or with both of them opens where you can make your entries. This entry must be confirmed by clicking another button (normally OK or Save) before the entry screen closes. Your entry becomes then the caption of the entry field. For information on the use of the keyboard, please refer to Software keyboard", page 13. For information on working with lists, please refer to "Lists", page 19.

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General information on navigation
Use of MioMap is executed at your our risk. Caution: To protect yourself and others from accidents, do not program the navigation system while driving. Enter or select your destination and activate the navigation system before you begin to drive! Caution: Do not look at the display unless it is absolutely safe to do so! Safe driving is the first priority! Caution: The rules of the road and traffic signs must be obeyed prior to following instructions from the navigation system. Caution: Do not follow the instructions of MioMap unless circumstances and the road traffic regulations allow doing so. MioMap will guide you to your destination even when you have gone off course from your route.

Obstructed GPS reception

When you turn off the GPS receiver or when the reception of GPS-signals is obstructed MioMap does not close but navigation is interrupted. As soon as the GPS receiver works again the navigation system notices a possible change of your current position and recalculates the route. You may simply continue navigation.

Quitting navigation mode

When you quit navigation mode by command the MAIN MENU opens. You may then indicate another destination or reassume the by selecting the former destination from the Recent destinations list. When you have reached your destination the system pronounces the message "You have reached your destination!" The map is no more presented in navigation mode. A small green arrow indicates your current position.
Arriving at your destination

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Starting MioMap
1. Turn your device on. 2. On the Mio Technology start screen, tap Navigation. At the first start (and each time you had terminated MioMap via the Quit icon), the following message appears:
Starting the navigation software

3. Tap the

button. If you do not accept and if you tap the
button, the software terminates.

The MAIN SCREEN opens:

Main screen
All functions of the program are accessible via the MAIN SCREEN. Note: When you turn your device on it shows the screen which was displayed when it was turned off. Nevertheless, you may access the Main screen from all other screens by tapping.

Point of interest in a certain town
Extended mode 1. In the MAIN MENU, tap Navigation. The DESTINATION screen opens.
Tap the Country entry field and select the destination country if it is not yet indicated. Note: Only countries of which at least a part is represented on the currently loaded map may be selected. 1b On the DESTINATION screen, tap Point of interest.

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The POINT OF INTEREST screen opens:
1c On the POINT OF INTEREST screen, tap in a town. Standard mode 1. In the MAIN MENU, tap Navigation. The DESTINATION screen opens.
Tap the Country entry field and select the destination country if it is not yet indicated. Note: Only countries of which at least a part is represented on the currently loaded map may be selected. 1b On the DESTINATION screen, tap in a town.

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Selecting a Point of interest in a certain town
The POI in a town screen opens:
2. Enter the name of the town in which you want to search for points of interest into the Town or postcode field. 3. Select the main category of points of interest to search for from the Category list field (e.g. Nightlife). Only categories matching your Town entry are listed. 4. Select the Subcategory of points of interest to search for from the right one of the two Category list fields (e.g. Cinema). 5. Select the correct destination from the Point of interest list field. Note: As soon as you have selected a point of interest, a telephone number is displayed beneath the destination. If it concerns, for example, a restaurant, you can then find out if theres a free table. The telephone number is only displayed if it is available in the data pool. A given telephone number can also be incorrect, e.g. because it has changed. For information on working with lists, please refer to "Lists", page 19. Note: You need not make entries into the Category and Subcategory fields. Their purpose is only to shorten the Point of interest list. This list may become very extensive, especially in big towns. For information on saving destinations, please refer to "Saving a destination", page 53.

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Point of interest of supraregional significance
This function is only available in "Extended mode". For information on how to change the user mode, please refer to "Changing the user mode", page 24. Extended mode 1. In the MAIN MENU, tap Navigation. The DESTINATION screen opens.
1c On the POINT OF INTEREST screen, tap nationwide.

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Selecting a Point of interest of supraregional significance

The POI NATIONWIDE screen opens:
2. Select the main category of points of interest to search for from the Category list field (e.g. Airports). 3. Select the correct destination from the Point of interest list field. Note: As soon as you have selected a point of interest, a telephone number is displayed beneath the destination. If it concerns, for example, a restaurant, you can then find out if theres a free table. The telephone number is only displayed if it is available in the data pool. A given telephone number can also be incorrect, e.g. because it has changed. For information on working with lists, please refer to "Lists", page 19. Note: You need not make entries into the Category field. Their purpose is only to shorten the Point of interest list. This list may become very extensive, especially in big towns. For information on saving destinations, please refer to "Saving a destination", page 53.

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Entering the geographic coordinates of a destination
This function is only available in "Extended mode". For information on how to change the user mode, please refer to "Changing the user mode", page 24. Note: The destination for which you have entered coordinates might not be located on the road network covered by the map. In this case, the destination is correctly shown on the map, but navigation can only lead up to the nearest point on a street that is recorded in the map. Please refer to chapter "Navigating to a destination the coordinates for which have been stated" on page 71.

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1c On the POINT OF INTEREST screen, tap Enter coordinates. Enter the destination coordinates The DESTINATION COORDINATES screen opens:

Decimal input

5a If you would like to enter the coordinates in degrees as decimals, tap Enter __,_____. The DECIMAL COORDINATE ENTRY screen opens.
5b Enter the data in the respective fields. You can change the Navigation - 45 -
point of the compass on the button behind the entry fields. 5c Tap the Entering minutes and seconds button.
5a If you would like to give the coordinates in degrees / minutes / seconds, tap Enter ___'__". The MIN / SEC COORDINATE ENTRY screen opens.
5b Enter the data in the respective field. You can change the point of the compass on the button behind the entry fields. 5c Tap on the button.
The DESTINATION COORDINATES screen opens again:
Your entries will be displayed beneath the entry fields. This display is given in degrees as decimals.

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Indicating destinations on the map
You may indicate a destination directly on the map. In addition to towns and streets, you may also select special destinations quickly. This function is only available in "Extended mode". For information on how to change the user mode, please refer to "Changing the user mode", page 24.

Tap the Country entry field and select the destination country if it is not yet indicated. Note: Only countries of which at least a part is represented on the currently loaded map may be selected. Indicating a destination on the map 2. On the DESTINATION screen, tap Select on map. The MAP screen opens:
3. Tap on the place you want to determine as destination and hold.

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A circle of orange points appears round the selected place:
Database information on the respective place will be loaded and displayed. Below the information, there are command buttons for several functions which are available for the selected place.
Note: If the chosen destination is a point of interest, a telephone number is displayed beneath the destination. If it concerns, for example, a restaurant, you can find out if theres a free table. The telephone number is then only displayed if it is available in the data pool. A given telephone number can also be incorrect perhaps because it has changed. You have the following options: This function is only available when GPS reception is possible (The GPS-symbol must be GPS ready). Tap the Start navigation button to start navigation to the selected place. Caution: Using this function while you are already navigating deletes all current destinations (stage points and destination point).

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Tap the Save button to save the selected place. You may then at any time select this place from the FAVOURITES. Tap the Search nearby button to search for a point of interest near the selected place. This function is only available in "Extended mode". Tap the Add button to add the selected place to your itinerary. The selected point will be marked by a little flag. It will also be added to the list of route points of the ROUTE PLANNING screen where it figures as destination point. Using this function while you are already navigating causes an immediate recalculation of your route. This function is only available in "Extended mode". Tap the Interim destination button to make the selected point the next stage point of your itinerary. Your route will be recalculated immediately.
All destinations you have saved by tapping the Save button are listed on the FAVOURITES screen. On this screen you may: select destinations for navigation purposes, rename destinations, and delete destinations from the list.

2. Tap on Type of routing and select Linear distance. 3. Tap the Calculate route icon. The route is being calculated. A message window informs you on the progress of calculation.
When youve carried out the calculation, on the ITINERARY screen under the route point list the total of all linear distances between the individual route points is displayed.

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The linear distance from the preceding route point is also given for the selected route points.
Note: No route is calculated! When navigating in linear distance mode you therefore cannot receive any driving instructions. Refer to chapter "Navigation in linear distance mode" on page 84.
Displaying the itinerary on the map
Tap the Show on map button to display the entire itinerary on the map. The map screen opens.

Show itinerary

The itinerary is highlighted in orange. The route points are marked by flags. For information on working with maps, please refer to "Working with the map", page 75.

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Simulation

Simulating the route

You may execute a simulated navigation along the itinerary when the route has been calculated. Note: The reception of GPS-signals is not necessary for the simulation. Simulation is restricted to routes of 60 miles max. You cannot launch a simulation if you have selected Linear distance for Type of routing. 1. Tap the Show on map button. The itinerary is displayed on the map.
2. Tap short on any place on the map. The ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS screen opens.

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3. Tap Simulation. The route will be recalculated for simulation purposes.
Simulation starts when calculation has finished. Stopping the simulation You may quit a simulation at any moment. 1. Tap short on any place on the map. The ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS screen opens. 2. Tap Stop navigation.

Starting navigation

You have entered a destination as described in "Indicating a destination", page 34, - OR You have selected a destination from the FAVOURITES as described in "Favourites", page 49, - OR You have selected one of your RECENT DESTINATIONS as described in "Recent destinations", page 51, - OR You have planned or loaded an itinerary as described in "Indicating several destinations (Itinerary with stages)", page 55.

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1. Tap Start navigation. The ROUTE OPTIONS screen opens:
2. Determine the route options. Caution: If you would like to launch navigation with driving instructions and route display, do not select the Linear distance entry in the Type of routing field! Refer to chapter "Starting navigation in linear distance mode" on page 72 (next chapter) to find out more about navigating in linear distance mode. For detailed information on setting the route options, please refer to "Routing options", page 107. Note: The standard settings for the route options may be changed in SETTINGS ROUTE OPTIONS. For detailed information on changing the standard settings refer to "Settings", page 100. The system calculates the route. The map screen opens. Your current position is indicated by a green arrow. The route is highlighted in orange.

Provided maps

The AVAILABLE MAPS screen opens:

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3. Tap the entry of the map you want to work with. 4. Tap.
The selected map is now loaded. The MAIN SCREEN opens.

Operating the map

There are various pieces of information available on the MAP screen. Learn in this chapter about the possibilities for working with the map, which depend on whether you are in navigation mode or not. You may display the map while planning an itinerary, in order to show destinations on the map, or in order to select destinations on the map.

Displaying the map

In "extended mode", you may display the map Via the Show map button on the MAIN MENU Via the Select on map button on the DESTINATION screen Via the Show on map button on the ADDRESS screen after having entered an address.
In "standard mode", you may display the map Via the Show on map button on the ADDRESS screen after having entered an address. The MAP screen opens.
The map is being displayed automatically when you start navigating.

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Tapping the map
Tapping short any place on the map makes the ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS screen appear. Depending on whether you are in navigation mode or not this screen offers different functions. Tapping long a certain place on the map (tap and hold) makes information on that place appear. You may then, e.g., take over the data for navigation purposes. For details, please refer to "Indicating destinations on the map", page 47.
Survey The Map screen disposes several icons which allow altering the representation of the map. Hide/show icons (When without GPSreception) This icon allows you to hide all other icons in order to see more of the map. Tap this icon again to show the other icons. Automode (When with GPSreception) Tap this icon to display the standard representation of the map after you have modified the view. The settings of north orientation and auto zoom mode will be applied. Your current position will be centred. The icons will not be displayed. For details, refer to "Automode", page 106. Freeze This icon is activated in navigation mode only. Tap the Freeze icon ( / ) to toggle between "Frozen map" and "Frozen position". Frozen position (default) This mode (button down) makes the map scroll continually. Your current position (green arrow) is always centred in the bottom third of the map. Frozen map This mode (button up) freezes the map. Your current position (green arrow) moves over the map and may even leave it. This mode applies automatically when you scroll the map in navigation mode. Otherwise the system would always try to keep your current position in the bottom third of the map. Select this mode when you want to select a destination from the map while navigation is in progress.

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Zoom / Scroll

Next destination This function is only available when you are navigating a route with at least one stage point and when you are working in extended mode. Use this function if you want to skip the next stage point. Example: You have planned an itinerary from your office to "Company A" and then to "Company B" and you are already on your way. Before you arrive at "Company A", a mobile phone call informs you that you need not visit Company A. Tap the Next destination button to navigate to the stage point after the next (here: "Company B"). The system recalculates the route. "Company B" will be your next destination. If you have deactivated the automatic calculation to the next stage point in SETTINGS > ROUTE OPTIONS, you may use this function to start navigation to the next stage point. Example: You have just reached a stage point. Navigation to the next stage point does not continue automatically. The map is being displayed. Tap the Next destination button to start navigation to the next stage point. Refer also to "Next destination", page 93.

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Representation of the map in navigation mode
In navigation mode, there is some assistance for navigation, some information on the itinerary and one more command button being displayed:
Assistance for navigation
The following assistance for navigation is being displayed at the left and at the bottom of the map:
Information If there are two manoeuvres to be executed quickly one after the other, the small upper arrow field indicates the manoeuvre to be executed immediately after the next manoeuvre. The green arrow indicates your current position on the map. Since the displayed sector of the map changes continually your current position is centred on the map whenever possible (Moving Map). The bigger arrow field indicates the next manoeuvre to be executed. The distance field indicates the distance to the next manoeuvre. When you approach, the representations changes into a distance bar:
The more yellow bars are displayed the nearer you are to the place where the next manoeuvre must be executed. The upper street field indicates the name of the next street to turn on. The lower street field indicates the name of the street you are currently on. The destination direction arrow indicates in which direction your destination is located. This display is then particularly useful if you move outside of the road network included in the map material, perhaps in

Auto tuning

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Configuring MioMap

page 100
Topics covered in this chapter: 8.1 Settings User mode Map information Route information Signpost information Speed limit Volume Representation Automode Routing options Itinerary Format TMC Home address Handsfree options Product information

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In MioMap, you may modify the following settings: User mode, see page 101 Map information, see page 101 Route information, see page 102 Signpost information, see page 103 Speed limit, see page 104 Volume, see page 105 Representation, see page 105 Automode, see page 106 Routing options, see page 107 Itinerary, see page 108 Format, see page 108 TMC, see page 109 Home address, see page 109 Handsfree options, see page 109 Product information, see page 109 On the MAIN SCREEN, tap the Settings button to configure MioMap. On the SETTINGS screen, tap the arrow icons to select the configuration you want to modify. Tap the Save button to apply your modifications if you have made some.

Configuration

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User mode

On the USER MODE screen, you may effect the following modifications: Your current user mode is indicated on the Current user mode field. Tap Current user mode to switch to the other user mode. The name of the user mode you want to switch to becomes the caption of the entry field. Tap Save to save the changes. Note: When you switch to standard mode, a dialog window asks you whether you want to keep the configuration changes you have made in extended mode. This dialog window opens even when you have not made any configuration changes. Tap Yes.
Restoring the factory settings
1. If you want to restore the factory settings, tap the Factory settings command. 2. Confirm the restoration.

Map information

Info on the map
On the MAP INFORMATION screen, you may effect the following modifications: Element Info bar Signification The Info bar at the bottom of the map displays the height above sea level, the compass and the current speed. Tap the respective command button to display (On) or not (Off) the Info bar.

Points of Interest

Tap the respective command button to display (On) or not (Off) Points of Interest on the map. Tap the respective command button to display (On) or not (Off) Street names on the map.

Street names

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Route information

Route info
On the ROUTE INFORMATION screen, you may effect the following modifications: Element ETA at final dest. Time to final dest. Dist. to final dest. Signification ETA (Estimated time of arrival) at the final destination. Remaining time to the final destination (estimated). Remaining distance to the final destination (estimated). Tap the respective command buttons to display (On) or not (Off) the respective information on the map. All information displayed below refers to the final destination.
ETA at next dest. Time to next dest. Dist. to next dest.
ETA (Estimated time of arrival) at the next stage point. Remaining time to the next stage point (estimated). Remaining distance to the next stage point (estimated). Tap the respective command buttons to display (On) or not (Off) the respective information on the map. All information displayed below refers to the next stage point.
This section is only available if you have indicated more than one destination to navigate to

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Signpost information
On the SIGNPOST INFORMATION screen, you may effect the following modifications: The Show traffic signs command indicates whether signposts indicating exits from motorways or highways are currently being displayed or not. Tap the Show traffic signs command to toggle between On and Off mode. The new mode is now indicated on the button. Note: This information can only be displayed when it is contained in the cartographic material.

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Speed limit
On the SPEED LIMIT screen, you may effect the following modifications: Setting Show traffic signs Significance This command indicates whether signposts indicating speed limits are currently being displayed or not. Tap the Show traffic signs command and select whether speed limits should be displayed Always On speeding only or Never. Warning in built-up areas This command indicates from how much speeding on you want to be warned when driving within built-up areas. Tap the Warning in built-up areas command to select another value or to set it to Never. This command indicates from how much speeding on you want to be warned when driving outside built-up areas. Tap the Warning outside built-up areas command to select another value or to set it to Never. This command indicates whether you want to be warned on speed limits that are valid on rain, on snow, or at certain hours. Tap the Warning command to set the value to Yes or to No.

Speed control

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Volume

8.1.13 Home address

Home address On the HOME ADDRESS screen, you may save your home address to quickly start navigation homewards from anywhere. Tap Enter your home address. The DESTINATION screen opens. 3. Tap the Address button and enter your home address as described in "Entering an address", page 35. 4. Tap the Set as home address button. The address is indicated on the HOME ADDRESS screen.

8.1.14 Handsfree options

This function is only available in "Extended mode". For information on how to change the user mode, please refer to "Changing the user mode", page 24. Radio-Mute On the HANDSFREE OPTIONS screen, you may activate the radiomute function if your hands-free kit is connected to the RADIOMUTE jack of your car radio. Possible retardations of the handsfree kit will then have no negative effects on the spoken indications of the navigation system.
8.1.15 Product information
Product information On the PRODUCT INFORMATION screen, the name and the version of the software are displayed. Tap Show intro to make the system explain its most important functions.

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Glossary
A COM port is a connector to a communications interface, usually the serial port. The ports are numbered by a number behind "COM". A communications interface is designed to connect hardware like a mouse or a GPS receiver. GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) is the mean solar time at the Royal Greenwich Observatory in Greenwich near London, England, which by convention is at 0 degrees geographic longitude. Theoretically, noon Greenwich Mean Time is the moment when the Sun crosses the Greenwich meridian (and reaches its highest point in the sky in Greenwich). Up to 1972, GMT was the global time standard. Because of the Earth's uneven speed in its elliptic orbit, GMT has been replaced by UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) which is an ultra stable time standard based on atomic clocks. The GPS (Global Positioning System) is based on 24 satellites which are in orbit round the earth. They are permanently emitting the time and their current position. The GPS receiver receives this information and calculates the longitude and the latitude of its own current position. The signals of at least three satellites are needed to determine the longitude and the latitude. With the signals of at least four satellites the elevation may be calculated, too. The determination has an accuracy of about 3 yards.