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Technical information

System requirements

In addition to the general system requirements for the Nero program package, the following individual system requirements apply to Nero Express: Microsoft DirectX 9.0b or higher Optional: LightScribe compatible recorder and medium Using LightScribe Direct Disc Labeling If you have a CD or DVD recorder with LightScribe support, your system needs the latest LightScribe System Software. If you have downloaded and installed the latest version of Nero 7 from the Nero website, you must install the LightScribe System Software separately. The latest version can be found at www.nero.com/link.php?topic_id=93. LabelFlash recorder and disc Blu-ray recorder and disc HD DVD recorder and HD DVD SecurDisc recorder Installation of the latest WHQL certified device drivers is recommended. WHQL stands for Windows Hardware Quality Labs and means that the device driver certified by Microsoft is compatible with Microsoft Windows and the respective hardware.

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Launching the program
Launching Nero Express via Nero StartSmart
To launch Nero Express via Nero StartSmart, proceed as follows:
1. Double-click on the Nero StartSmart menu icon.
The Nero StartSmart window is opened.

2. Click on the

button in the left margin of the window.
The extended area is opened.

Fig. 1. Nero StartSmart

3. Click on the Nero Express entry in the Applications drop-down list.
The Nero Express window is opened. You have launched Nero Express via Nero StartSmart.
Launching Nero Express directly
To launch Nero Express directly, proceed as follows:
1. Select Start > (All) Programs > Nero 7 (Premium) > Audio / Data > Nero Express.
The Nero Express window is opened. You have launched Nero Express.

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Start screen
In the Nero Express start screen, click on the relevant menu icons to go to the desired screen where you can compile and work on your project. The selection is categorized into two areas: several formats or options are available for the Data, Music, Videos/Pictures, Image, Project, Copy and Print LightScribe Label compilation methods.
Fig. 2. Start screen with extended area
The following compilation methods are available: Allows you to compile and burn all types of files and folders: Data CD (see Compiling data CD/DVDs) Data DVD (see Compiling data CD/DVDs) Data HD DVD (see Compiling data CD/DVDs) Available with a HD DVD recorder only (see Selecting recorders and activating Nero Image Recorder). Data Data Blu-ray Disc (see Compiling data CD/DVDs) Available with a Blu-ray recorder only (see Selecting recorders and activating Nero Image Recorder). Data SecurDisc CD (see Compiling data CD/DVDs Available with SecurDisc recorder only (see Selecting recorders and activating Nero Image Recorder). Data SecurDisc DVD (see Compiling data CD/DVDs Available with SecurDisc recorder only (see Selecting recorders and activating Nero Image Recorder).

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Allows you to compile and burn audio and audiobook files in the formats you want: Audio CD (see Compiling an Audio CD) Audiobook CD (see Compiling an Audiobook CD) Jukebox Audio CD (see Compiling jukebox Audio CD/DVDs) Music Jukebox Audio DVD (see Compiling jukebox Audio CD/DVDs) JukeBox HD DVD (see Compiling jukebox Audio CD/DVDs) Available with a HD DVD recorder only (see Selecting recorders and activating Nero Image Recorder). Jukebox Blu-ray Disc (see Compiling jukebox Audio CD/DVDs) Available with a Blu-ray recorder only (see Selecting recorders and activating Nero Image Recorder). Allows you to compile and burn video and/or picture files as VCD/SVCD or DVD-Video: Video CD (see Compiling Video CDs/Super Video CDs) Videos/Pictures Super Video CD (see Compiling Video CDs/Super Video CDs) DVD-Video Files (see Compiling DVD-Videos) Allows you to copy a source disc and to load an image file or a saved project: Copy Entire CD (see Creating a copy) Copy Entire DVD (see Creating a copy) Image, Project, Copy Disc Image or Saved Project (see Loading a disc image or saved project) Copy Entire HD DVD (see Creating a copy) Available with a HD DVD recorder only (see Selecting recorders and activating Nero Image Recorder). Copy Entire Blu-ray Disc (see Creating a copy) Available with a Blu-ray recorder only (see Selecting recorders and activating Nero Image Recorder). Displays the Disc Label screen. Print LightScribe Label This is where you can create or load a label in order to print on the label side of special CDs/DVDs in the recorder (see LightScribe). Available with a LightScribe recorder only (see System requirements). The recorder must be selected to enable the option (see Selecting recorders and activating Nero Image Recorder).
Extended area (start screen)
You can access the extra options and functions in the extended area of the start screen by clicking on the button in the left margin of the window.

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An extended area with extra options and functions is available in all Nero Express screens (see also Extended area (Burn Settings)).
The following menu icons are available: Closes Nero Express and opens the start screen of Nero Burning ROM. Switch to Nero Burning ROM This option is only available in the extended area of the start screen. If you decide to create a project with Nero Express, the option Saves the active project is displayed in all of the other windows at this point. Opens the Save As dialog box. You can save your compilation here. Opens the Options dialog box. Options You can customize Nero Express to suit your needs here (see Options). Opens the Save Tracks window. You can copy audio files from CD to hard drive here (see Copying Audio CD tracks). Opens the Erase Rewritable Disc dialog box. Erase Disc This is where you can erase the data from a rewritable CD/DVD (see Erasing a disc). Opens the Disc Info dialog box. Disc Info This is where you can display information on the CD/DVD inserted. The total capacity and available capacity will be shown in addition to the tracks and sessions. Opens Nero Cover Designer. Create Covers and Labels Using Nero Cover Designer you can create and print labels and booklets for CDs/DVDs that have been burned. Please see the separate Nero CoverDesigner user manual for full instructions on how to make professional looking covers and labels. Defines the settings for burning a SecurDisc disc. Opens the Burn Label window. This is where you can create or load a label in order to print on the label and/or data side of special DVDs in the recorder (see LabelFlash). Available with a LabelFlash recorder only (see System requirements). The recorder must be selected to enable the option (see Selecting recorders and activating Nero Image Recorder). Recorder Defines the recorder that you want to use for burning and/or the Nero Image Recorder (see Selecting recorders and activating Nero Image Recorder).

Saves the active project

Copy Audio CD Tracks

SecurDisc Settings

Burn Label
Please note that the options Copy Audio CD Tracks, Erase Disc, Disk Info, and Create Covers and Labels are not available in Nero Express Essentials SE.

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4.1.1 Options
You can customize Nero Express to suit your needs on the various tabs.
Fig. 3. Options dialog box
The following tabs are available: Enables/disables certain basic settings: Remember last used volume label: makes available the title for the next disc. Clear archive bits of written files during ISO refresh: deletes the archive bits of saved files. Archive bits are used to identify files that have been edited. A file is only resaved during the next backup process if it was edited (and an archive bit is thus reset). Compilation Allow semicolons in Joliet names: allows the use of semicolons in addition to standard uppercase and lowercase letters and Unicode characters (and German umlauts) in file names in the Joliet file system. Show original path with ISO compilation: lists the full path of the added files in the compilation screen in the Source column. We recommend enabling all the check boxes as this makes Nero Express easier to work with.

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Defines the settings for the memory where the data is buffered before and during burning. If multiple hard drives have been installed, you can select the fastest one as the cache. Displays all installed languages and fonts and defines the language or font you want to display on the Nero Express user interface. Defines whether, or for which events, sound files are played in Nero Express. Displays the directory in which the audio plug-ins are installed. Enables additional options and defines settings for the entire burn process. Enables/disables the link between Audio CDs and a local user, program or Internet Audio CD database. Defines the memory capacity that Nero Express uses as a RAM buffer.
Language Sounds Audio Expert Features Database

Ultrabuffer

The ultrabuffer is a second memory that enhances the physical buffer in the recorder. You can define the memory capacity manually. Enables and/or disables a variety of options for the user interface, compilations, burning, the database, and for other settings in Nero Express.
4.1.2 Copying Audio CD tracks
Please note that the Copy Audio CD Tracks function is not available in Nero Express Essentials SE. Using Nero Express you can convert the audio files or an entire Audio CD into the format you want and save it to your hard drive. To do this, proceed as follows:
1. Insert the required Audio CD into your computer's drive. 2. Click on the Copy Audio CD Tracks button in the extended area of the screen. 3. If multiple drives are displayed, select the drive containing the Audio CD you require.

A dialog box is opened.

4. If you would like to retrieve artist/title information from the Nero/Internet CD database:

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Apart from installed recorders, Nero Image Recorder is also available in Nero Express. With Nero Image Recorder you can create and save an image file in order to burn it later (see Burning with Nero Image Recorder creating an image file). In order to be able to use Nero Image Recorder, you can check the Use Nero Image Recorder box in the extended area of the start screen. Please note that Nero Image Recorder can only be activated in the extended area of the start screen.
If Nero Image Recorder is activated, you can also select compilations in Nero Express that would not be feasible with the recorders installed on your computer. For example, if you have installed a CD recorder, you can also compile a DVD with Nero Image Recorder and save the compilation as an image file.

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Compilation screen
You can access the Nero Express compilation screens by selecting the compilation method you want in the start screen. You can add data to your projects in the compilation screens and customize the directory structure on the CD/DVD to suit your requirements. The capacity bar in the bottom part of the window indicates how much space is being used by the data on the CD/DVD. Essentially, all compilation screens have the same structure.
Fig. 7. My Video CD compilation screen
The following buttons are available: Add Remove Play Total size on disc Back Next Opens the Add files and folders window. This deletes the selected file. Plays a selected audio or video file. Displays the drive space used. Returns to the start screen. Switches to the Final Burn Settings screen. Opens the Audio Track Properties dialog box for Audio CDs (see Track properties) and the MPEG Info dialog box for Video CDs/Super Video CDs (see Track properties). Available for Audio, Video, and Super Video CDs only. Normalize all audio files Enables a filter that brings the volume of the audio files to be burned into line with one another. This is recommended particularly if the files originate from different sources. Available for Audio CDs only. No pause between tracks Establishes that the audio files merge into one another without a pause. If the box is unchecked, a pause of two seconds is inserted between the files. Available for Audio CDs only.

Properties

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Enable (S)VCD Menu

Enables a menu for the CD. You can customize the look of the menu to suit your requirements (see Menu). Available for Video and Super Video CDs only. If the DVD burner is capable of burning DVDs with 2 layers (DVD DL), and if you want to burn files larger than 4483 MB, you can select the DVD9 (8152 MB) option from the dropdown menu. Available for DVD-Videos only. If the burner is capable of burning Blu-ray Discs with 2 layers (BD DL), and if you want to burn files larger than 23866 MB, you can select the BD DL(47742MB) option from the dropdown menu. Available for Blu-ray Discs only.
DVD9(8152MB) / DVD5(4483MB)
BD DL (47742MB) / BD (23866MB)

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Compiling data CD/DVDs
Using Nero Express you can compile and burn all types of files and folders. If a DVD recorder is installed on your computer, you can burn both data CDs and data DVDs. If you have a CD recorder, you can only burn data CDs and the option for burning a DVD is already grayed out in the start screen. There is no difference between the procedures for each compilation method. If a HD DVD recorder is installed on your computer, you can select it to display the Data HD DVD option in the Data area. The procedures for both compiling and burning a data HD DVD are the same as the compilation method for a data CD/DVD. In comparison to a DVD, a HD DVD has considerably more space and can store up to 15 GB on a single-layer disc. The capacity bar in the Disc Content compilation window displays comparatively more available space. If a Blu-ray recorder is installed on your computer, you can select it to display the Data Blu-ray Disc option in the Data area of the start screen. The procedures for both compiling and burning a Blu-ray data disc are the same as the compilation method for a data CD/DVD. In comparison to a DVD, a Blu-ray Disc has considerably more space and can store up to 25 GB on a single-layer disc (up to 50 GB on a dual-layer disc). The capacity bar in the Disc Content compilation window displays comparatively more available space. If a SecurDisc recorder is installed on your computer, you can select it to display the Data SecurDisc CD and Data SecurDiscDVD options in the Data area of the start screen. The procedures for both compiling and burning a data SecurDisc CD/DVD are the same as the compilation method for a standard data CD/DVD. In the extended area of the Disk Contents compilation window, additional options are displayed under SecurDisc Settings (see SecurDisc Settings). If Nero Image Recorder is activated, you can also select compilations in Nero Express that would not be feasible with the recorders installed on your computer. For example, if you have installed a CD recorder, you can also compile a DVD with Nero Image Recorder and save the compilation as an image file.

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Fig. 19. Audio Track Properties dialog box Filters tab
The following filters are available: Normalize Declick Hiss Reduction Fade In Fade Out Stereo Widening Karaoke Echo Equalizer Sets the volume of an audio file to a preset value. This filter can be useful to bring the volume of files originating from different sources into line with one another. Removes clicking and scratching noises, like the noises on old LPs for example. Reduces or removes the hiss on an audio file. All frequencies below a certain threshold (hiss level) are removed. Fades in the volume of an audio file from zero to full volume. This filter can be useful for shortening files. Fades out the volume of an audio file from full volume to silence. This filter can be useful for shortening files. Increases/reduces the stereo effect of an audio file. This filter only works if the original file was recorded in stereo. Fades out the vocals on an audio file. To do this the parts of a song that are the same in both stereo channels are faded out. Adds an echo to the audio file. Changes the frequency, volume, bass, and pitch of the audio file.
Compiling jukebox Audio CD/DVDs
Using Nero Express you can compile CDs/DVDs in audio formats of your choice (e.g. in Nero Digital, MP3 or WMA formats). In contrast to Audio CDs that can only be burned on CDs, you can burn these compilations of different audio formats both on CD and on DVD provided that a DVD recorder is installed on your computer. The procedure is identical for both compilation methods. You can opt for a single format or a mix of audio formats of your choice.
Nero Express does not convert audio files when creating a Jukebox Audio CD/DVD. This means that MP3 files can also be burned as MP3 files for instance.

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If a HD DVD recorder is installed on your computer, you can select it and then display the JukeBox HD DVD option in the Music area of the start screen. The procedure for compiling and burning a jukebox HD DVD is the same as the compilation method for a jukebox Audio CD/DVD. In comparison to a DVD, a HD DVD has considerably more space and can store up to 15 GB on a single-layer disc. The capacity bar in the My Audio disc compilation window displays comparatively more available space. If a Blu-ray recorder is installed on your computer, you can select it to display the Jukebox Blu-ray Disc option in the Music area of the start screen. The procedures for both compiling and burning a jukebox Blu-ray disc are the same as the compilation method for a jukebox Audio CD/DVD. In comparison to a DVD, a Blu-ray Disc has considerably more space and can store up to 25 GB on a single-layer disc (up to 50 GB on a dual-layer disc). The capacity bar in the My Audio disc compilation window displays comparatively more available space. If Nero Image Recorder is activated, you can also select compilations in Nero Express that would not be feasible with the recorders installed on your computer. For example, if you have installed a CD recorder, you can also compile a DVD with Nero Image Recorder and save the compilation as an image file. To create a jukebox Audio CD/DVD, proceed as follows:

2. Click on the option you require, Jukebox Audio CD or Jukebox Audio DVD.
The My Audio disc compilation screen is displayed.
Fig. 20. My Audio disc compilation screen
From a technical point of view, a compilation of special audio formats is a data CD/DVD. You can also select Data > Data CD/DVD in the Nero Express start screen to create and burn your project.

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3. Repeat steps 3 to 7 under Compiling an Audio CD.
You have successfully created a jukebox Audio CD/DVD and can now burn this compilation.
Compiling an Audiobook CD
Using Nero Express you can compile audiobook files and burn them as an Audiobook CD, i.e. in the form of an Audio CD. You can then play this on any standard CD player. Since audiobooks can have a running time of several hours, Nero Express stores the compilations of its audiobook files on several CDs if necessary. During the burn process, you will be prompted to insert new blank discs. To create an Audiobook CD, proceed as follows:
2. Click on the Audiobook CD option.
The My Audiobook CD compilation screen is displayed.
Fig. 21. My Audiobook CD compilation screen
The audiobook files are added to the compilation and displayed in the compilation screen.
You have successfully compiled an Audiobook CD and can now burn this compilation.

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Videos and slide shows
Compiling Video CDs/Super Video CDs
Using Nero Express you can compile Video CDs (MPEG-1 format) or Super Video CDs (MPEG-2 format) from your video and/or picture files, which can be played on almost all VCD or SVCD and DVD players as videos or slide shows. Source files are automatically converted to the correct format during the burn process. The procedure for both compilation methods is identical. Please note that the Create Super Video CD is not available in Nero Express Essentials SE. When creating a slide show in Nero Express, options such as Accentuate with background music for example are not available. Other functions are available in Nero Vision. Please see the separate Nero Vision user manual for full instructions on how to produce professional looking slide shows. When creating a slide show as a VCD/SVCD the picture files involved are stored in a DAT file. This type of file cannot be modified or viewed with an image processing program. If you would like to save the original formats to your CD as well, open the extended area in the compilation screen and check the Store source pictures in box.
Fig. 22. Videos/Pictures start screen
To create a (Super) Video CD, proceed as follows:
1. Click on the Videos/Pictures menu icon in the Nero Express start screen.
The Video CD, Super Video CD, and DVD-Video Files options are displayed.
2. Click on the option you require, Video CD or Super Video CD.
The My (Super) Video CD compilation screen is displayed.

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Fig. 23. My Video CD compilation screen

4. Select the video and/or picture files that you want to add to the compilation. 5. Click on the Add button. 6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for all video and/or picture files that you want to add to the compilation.
7. Click on the Close button.
The video and/or picture files are added to the compilation and displayed on the compilation screen.
8. Customize the properties of the video and/or picture files to suit your requirements (see

Customizing properties).

9. Check the Enable (S)VCD Menu box (see Compilation screen). 10. Click on the Next button.
If you have checked the (S)VCD Menu box, the My (Super) Video CD Menu screen is displayed.

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Fig. 24. My Video CD Menu compilation screen
1. Customize the look of the menu to suit your requirements (see Customizing the menu). 2. Click on the Next button. You have successfully compiled a (Super) Video CD and can now burn this compilation.
8.1.1 Customizing properties
You can display the properties of a video or picture file and/or change them on the Properties and Menu tabs. To open the MPEG Info dialog box, click on the Properties button on the compilation screen. 8.1.1.1 Track properties The Properties tab contains important information on the selected file.
Fig. 25. MPEG Info dialog box Properties tab

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The following buttons and input areas are available: Opens the Effects dialog box. You can test or use the various filters in the preview here, or cancel your selection. Available for picture files only. Pause after track Sets the length of the pause in seconds between the video or picture file selected and the following one.

Effects

8.1.1.2 Menu You can customize the information on your video or picture file for the menu on the Menu tab.
Fig. 26. MPEG Info dialog box Menu tab
The following input areas and options are available: Title Picture used as thumbnail Defines the name of the video or picture file in the menu. Defines which frame is displayed in the menu. You can use the slider to select the picture you want. Available for video files only.
8.1.2 Customizing the menu
In the My (Super) Video Menu screen you can customize the look of the menu to suit your requirements. Just as with DVD-Video menus, you can select titles and/or chapters from the movie to show in the VCD/SVCD menu.

Fig. 28. Copy CD/DVD screen

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The following input areas are available in the Select source and destination screen: Source drive Destination drive Info Defines the drive from which the source information is read. Insert the CD or DVD that you want to copy into the drive. Defines the destination drive: Insert a blank disc into this drive. Opens the Recorder Information dialog box. This contains information on the selected destination drive. Enables direct copying from the source to the destination drive. Data is not buffered on the hard drive during this process. This option is only available if there are at least two drives connected (not for Nero Image Recorder). If this box is not checked, an image file will be created first, which is then burned. Defines the speed at which the CD is burned. Writing speed Only those burn speeds supported by the selected recorder are displayed. Not available for Nero Image Recorder. Number of copies Verify data on disc after burning Defines the number of copies you require. Verifies whether the burned data is identical with the original data. Not available for Nero Image Recorder. Defines the folder where the image file is stored. You can change the name of the image file and the target directory. Not available for Nero Image Recorder.

Quick copy

Image file
The following check boxes are available in the extended area: Read all subchannel data Determine maximum speed Reads all subchannel data during copying. Subchannel data is used to save additional information, e.g. CD Text. Not available for Nero Image Recorder. Performs all steps in the burn process without using the laser beam. Simulation It can be assumed that a successful simulation will lead to a successful burn process. Not available for Nero Image Recorder. Burning Starts the actual physical burn process (e.g. after a simulation). This box is checked by default.

Copying a CD/DVD

To copy a CD or DVD, proceed as follows:
1. Click on the Image, Project, Copy menu icon in the Nero Express start screen.

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The Copy Entire CD, Copy Entire DVD and Disc Image or Saved Project options are displayed.
Fig. 29. Image, Project, Copy start screen
2. Click on the option you require, Copy Entire CD or Copy Entire DVD.
The Select source and destination screen is displayed.
3. Make the desired settings (see Creating a copy).
You can also copy CDs/DVDs using a single drive. Select the same drive as source and destination drive. If you are using a single drive for copying, you will be prompted to remove the source CD/DVD and to insert a suitable blank disc after the image file has been written. The burn process then starts automatically.

4. Set other options as required in the extended area of the window (see Creating a copy).
Some CDs/DVDs are copy-protected and cannot be copied. If you are not sure whether your CD/DVD can be copied, activate simulation before commencing the actual physical burn process.
5. Click on the Copy button. 6. If you are copying via the drive, the copy process starts.
If you are using Nero Image Recorder, the Save Image File dialog box is opened: 1. Enter a name for your image file in the File Name text box. 2. Select the relevant storage location in the Save to navigation tree and click on the Save button. The copy and/or save process starts. You can follow the process status in the status bar.

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If you are using a single drive for copying, you will be prompted to remove the source CD/DVD and to insert a suitable blank disc after the image file has been written. The burn process then starts automatically.
Fig. 30. Copy process screen
You have successfully copied a CD/DVD and can now continue by selecting another option from the final screen or by closing Nero Express (see Final screen).

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Loading a disc image or saved project
Using Nero Express you can burn a CD/DVD from an image or a saved compilation that you had previously saved on the hard drive (see Burning with Nero Image Recorder creating an image file). Image file or saved compilation An image file is an exact replica of the data that is to be burned. You can burn it as often as you like at a later stage, but it requires just as much space on the hard drive as the compilation to be burned. A saved compilation stores the links as well as the settings for the files that should be burned. The content can only be opened with Nero Express as long as the paths remain identical. The file size of a saved compilation is significantly smaller than the image file. To load an image file or a saved compilation for the burn process, proceed as follows:
The Copy Entire CD, Copy Entire DVD, and Disc Image or Saved Project options are displayed.
Fig. 31. Image, Project, Copy start screen

Compact Disc-Interactive. Format for multimedia CDs that combine video, audio, and data and can only be played using a CD-i player or CD-ROM drive that supports CD-i technology.
Compact Disc-Recordable. Technology for CD-R (recordable) media.

CD-ROM

Compact Disc-Read Only Memory. Various computer readable forms of data such as programs, picture or audio data, for instance, can be stored in this format.

CD-ROM - Mode 1 and 2

An addition to the CD-ROM format with additional functions for error detection and correction. Mode 1 is used for computer data in particular. A code for error correction is used for this. Mode 2 is used with CD-ROM, CD-XA, and CD-i formats with audio data and contains an error recognition code only.
Compact DiscWrite Once. CD that can only be written to once. Refer also to CD-R.
Compact Disc-Extended Architecture. This is based on the Yellow Book standard, but you can also save audio or video data. The different types of data are linked to each other (interleaving) so that synchronization problems can be reduced.

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Cross-Interleaved Reed-Solomon Code. Error-recognition and correction process which is integrated permanently in the hardware of a CD player or recorder.
Constant Linear Velocity. The data is read from a CD at a constant scan rate.

Digitalization

Conversion of analog signals to digital signals.

Disc-At-Once (DAO)

An entire CD/DVD is recorded without ever stopping the laser. This format is best for Audio CDs that will be played in home and car stereo equipment.

Quick Copy

Procedure for burning data on a CD-R. In contrast to the quick copy (on-the-fly) method, the older, traditional method first saves all data to a buffer and then burns it to the CD from there. The quick copy procedure transfers the data directly from the original storage location to the CD-R. To do this, Nero uses a compilation, a small file that simply refers to the transferred data.

Disc Image

The file that is to be copied or written is stored temporarily on the hard drive. A disc image is produced from this image.
Digital Versatile or Video Disc.
DVD was originally designed for the movie and games market. In the meantime it has become possible to burn data and certain video films to a DVD-Video disc and play them on all DVD-ROM drives. The DVD-R is a non-rewritable format that is compatible with most DVD-ROM drives and DVD players.

DVD-RAM

Format of rewritable media that is compatible with most DVD-ROM drives and DVD players. Files can be copied and deleted.

DVD-RW

DVD ReWritable. The DVD-RW is a rewritable disc that fulfills the same functions as a DVDR, but is compatible with fewer DVD-ROM drives and DVD players.

DVD+R/RW

Format developed in cooperation with Hewlett-Packard, Mitsubishi Chemical, Philips, Ricoh, Sony, and Yamaha. DVD+RW is a rewritable format that is fully and immediately compatible with DVD players and DVD-ROM drives.

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EDC/ ECC
Error Detection Code/Error Correction Code. Used to identify and correct scan errors which may be due to scratches or dirt on the surface of a CD.
Enhanced Music CD/CD Extra

Finalizing

Definitive conclusion of the process of writing to a CD/DVD. After this it is not possible to write to the CD/DVD anymore.
With an Audio CD, 75 sectors provide one second of played music. One sector consists of up to 98 frames, one frame contains 24 data bytes and 9 control bytes.

Green Book

Standard for CDs that are created in the CD-i format.

HD DVD

DVDs use a red laser to read and write data, whereas a blue laser is used to write to HD DVDs. The shorter wavelength (405 nm) of this laser makes it possible to set the laser beam more precisely. Data can be packed more tightly and takes up less space on the disc. A HD DVD disc can store up to 15 GB on a single-layer disc.

HFS CD

File system used by Apple Macintosh systems. This format is only suitable for Macintosh discs.

High Sierra

The forerunner of the current ISO standard 9660. This standard which was published in 1986 has become less important in the meantime.

Host Adapter

Adapter which connects a CD recorder with the SCSI bus of the computer.

Hybrid CD

Consists of data in the HFS section (Mac) and in the ISO 9660 section (PC). If a hybrid CD is inserted in a Macintosh computer, only the Macintosh-specific data is displayed; if the CD is inserted in a PC, only the ISO data is displayed.
Describes all edited data which will later be written to a CD.
Table of Contents (T.O.C.)
Indicates the content of every session. The table of contents is stored in the lead-in.

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Interlaced Video
In the interlaced mode video images are shown as two fields. In the first field every second line (1, 3, 5, , 575) is shown. The second field displays the rest of the lines in the image (2, 4, 6, 576) so that it appears as a complete picture to the eye. Most video material consists of fields. A deinterlacer is required for display on a full-screen device (monitor, projector).

Interleaving

Also referred to as nesting, this is the storage of computer data on the CD-ROM/XA in linked form. Allows synchronization of audio and computer data during playback.

Multisession CD

CD burned in several successive sessions.
Standard for video and television in the United States and Japan. NTSC has more frames per second than PAL, but has fewer horizontal lines.
Original Equipment Manufacturer. An OEM product is manufactured by one company for another, which then sells it as its own product.

Orange Book

Standard in which the CD-MO (Magneto-Optical) and CD-WO (Write Once) technologies are defined. It provides the basis for CD-R.

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Video and TV standard in Europe. PAL has more horizontal lines than NTSC, but has fewer frames per second.

Photo CD

CD which is used for storing images, photos, slides, and other visual data. A photo CD generally consists of multisessions. The standard originates from Kodak and Philips.

Plug-In

Software used to add other features to a program (software) or to support troubleshooting.

Red Book

This standard describes the CD-DA.
Old, outdated data structure standard which was created by Adaptec to support file names of up to 128 characters including spaces. Unicode characters are not supported. Files using the Romeo standard can only be read under Windows 95 and Windows NT operating systems. However, files of up to 31 characters can also be read on Macintosh systems.

Scan Rate

Indication of the frequency with which analog signals are converted into digital characters.

Fast Copy

Nero reads the data from the CD-ROM/DVD drive and writes it directly to the blank disc in the CD recorder. This method is faster than copying an image file and it does not require any space on your hard drive. The disadvantage is that a buffer underrun can occur.
Small Computer System Interface. Bus system to which different terminal devices such as a SCSI hard drive, streamers or a CD recorder may be connected. At this time, SCSI is the only possibility of operating a CD recorder on a typically used computer system.

Sector

Smallest addressable information unit on a CD. A sector is composed of 2,352 bytes of which - depending on the type of CD used - differing amounts are available as user data. A sector generally consists of a header, synchronization bits, and user data. It may also have error recognition and correction data. A drive with a simple read speed of 1/75 seconds is required to read a sector.

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Erase Disc
When a CD-RW disc is in your drive, you have the option to erase your disc so that additional data may be added to it.
Quick-erase rewritable media The media will appear to be empty but the data is not physically erased. The table of contents is left on the disc. Full-erase rewritable media This option will fully erase all data on the media. This procedure will take some time. Use Multiple Recorders (option only available in the retail package) Erase discs in multiple recorders attached to your PC. Choose erase speed Select the erase speed.

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Disc Info
This option will allow you to view all the contents on your disc. The total capacity and available capacity will be shown in addition to the sessions and tracks.

Cover Designer

Included with your version of Nero Express 6 is the Nero Cover Designer with which you are able to create covers and labels for your CDs and DVDs using pre-designed templates or your own designs. When launched from or after a Data, Audio or Audio and Data project in Nero Express 6, the contents will be automatically imported, saving you the annoyance of having to manually type them in. You can also start the Nero Cover Designer independently of Nero Express 6 by going to the Start > All Programs > Nero > Nero 6 > then > Nero Cover Designer. (For some operating systems, you will find - Start > Programs > Nero > Nero Cover Designer.

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Please see the separate Nero Cover Designer User's Guide for full instructions on how to make professional looking covers and labels. Included with your version of Nero Express 6 is the Nero Cover Designer. You are now able to create labels for your jewel cases and discs with the predesigned templates or create them on your own with the user-friendly interface. You will have the ability to automatically create playlists and/or filename lists, thus saving you the annoyance of having to manually type them in. In addition, playlists from external sources (such as FreeDB) can be accessed and used. Please see enclosed manual for instructions on how to use this feature.

3.4 Nero Toolkit

The Nero Toolkit is a collection of tools and utilities designed to give you detailed information about your drive(s) as well as advanced control. To start the Nero Toolkit utilities, go to Start > All Programs > Nero > then > Nero Toolkit > then select the desired utility. (For some operating systems, you will find Start > Programs > Nero > Nero Toolkit).

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4.2 Bootable Data Discs

Creating bootable CDs as an emergency startup and backup disc is highly recommended. Bootable CDs are compatible only under Windows 95/98, Windows ME, Windows 2000, NT, XP or Windows Server 2003.
If you have installed Nero Express 6 SE you will not be able to compile bootable discs. If you would like to use all of Nero Express 6's range of features, then click on the 'Upgrade' button. This will direct you to a secure online shop, where you can obtain an upgrade to the full version. Step 1: Select your recorder then, under Data, select Bootable Data Disc.

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Step 2: You will be brought to the Disc Content window where you will be able to add files. The files and folders will all be visible when you boot from the bootable disc later on.
Step 3: Click the Add button to select the files for your bootable disc.
When you have completed adding all your files, click Finished".

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Step 4: When you click on Next, a dialog will pop up prompting you to insert a boot floppy disk. The information required to make a bootable data disc will be read from the boot floppy disk. These are system files which actually allow a system to boot from a CD and/or DVD. If you do not have a boot floppy disk or do not know how to create one, please check the help files of your Windows operating system.
Step 5: When the files have been read from the boot floppy disk, you will be at the Final Burn Settings window.

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Step 6: When you click the More button, you will have additional write options for your disc. You can determine the maximum write speed, simulate burning, or just write straight to the disc.
When you have made your selection and are ready to record, please click the Burn button!
F.Y.I.! You cannot make bootable Multisession discs!

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4.3 For Advanced Users

4.3.1 Hide Files

If you would like to Hide files on your CD/DVD for extra added security or protection, this can easily be done from the project window. Right-mouse click on the file in your project window and select Properties.

An additional window will appear with information on your file and the option to check Hide to conceal your file.

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5 Music

5.1 Music

Audio Now you can record your favourite audio CDs, make a compilation of only the songs you like, record MP3, Nero Digital Audio and also WMA discs. Learn how to make WAV files and discs to play in your favorite MP3 player too! Create a CD-Extra disc in which both data and audio are recorded to one disc. You can play it in either your PC or your home/car stereo. Editing title in Audio Contents window When clicking on the title of your audio track, an edit window will appear in which you can edit the song title.

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5.2 Creating your first audio disc
Step 1: From the project selection page, select Music > Audio CD.
Step 2: From this next window, you are now ready to start adding audio to your layout for recording to disc.

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Step 3: There are three very simple ways to add audio to the layout window to make this process quick and easy.
F.Y.I.! If you want to make audio CDs from existing MP3/mp3PRO music files you dont need to convert these files into WAV files first. Nero includes a free MP3/mp3PRO decoder, than automatically converts your MP3/mp3PRO files into the appropriate format while you burn your audio CD. The audio CD can then be played on all commercially available CD players (and most DVD players), provided that the player can read CD-R (or CD-RW if you recorded on a CD-RW) discs. To make your own MP3/mp3PRO files (using music from your audio CDs or audio files in supported formats such as WAV) you need the Nero MP3/mp3PRO encoder, which can be purchased separately. You can find out more about the MP3/mp3PRO encoder in chapter 5.3 or simply visit the Nero AG website at www.nero.com. button to select the files you would like to Option One - Click the burn. A window will appear that looks very similar to Windows Explorer and from here, you are able to choose the files you would like to record and save on disc. Once you have selected your file(s), please click Add. Option Two - Add audio using Windows Explorer - please go to the Start button in the corner of your screen All Programs > Accessories > Windows Explorer.

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5.5 WMA
Step 1: From the project selection page, select Music > WMA Disc.
Step 2: In the next window, you are now ready to start adding WMA files to your layout.

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There are three very simple ways to add data to the layout window to make this process quick and easy. Option One - Click the button to select the files you would like to burn. A window will appear that looks very similar to Windows Explorer and from here, you are able to choose the files you would like to record and save on disc. Once you have selected your file(s), please click Add. Option Two - Add data using Windows Explorer - please go to the Start button in the corner of your screen All Programs > Accessories > Windows Explorer.
F.Y.I.! Some operating systems will have Start > Programs > Windows Explorer When the Windows Explorer appears, you can drag the data you would like to record into the Nero Express 6 layout. icon. From Option Three - Add data using My Computer - please click the this window, you can drag and drop your files into the Nero Express 6 layout. Once all your files have been added, click Next to prepare your disc for burning. Step 3: Please make your final settings before burning your disc.
Current Recorder The supported recorders you have connected to your PC will be displayed and the Image Recorder if you chose to save to your hard drive. Disc Name Select a title for your disc. Writing Speed Select the speed in which you would like to burn.

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Number Of Copies Select the number of copies you would like to burn. If you are having trouble burning your disc, please refer to Chapter 'Technical Support' for F.A.Q. information and technical support.
F.Y.I.! The WMA plugin will install WMA support within Nero. To install, just download and execute the file. Step 4: Ready to record? Click the Burn button and you are on your way to recording your first WMA disc! As you are burning, you will receive a status window of the recording process.

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Step 6: When you click OK after the successful recording, you will be returned back to the recording window. Please click Next move forward to the following window. If you would like to burn the same project again, start another project, make labels, or add more data to your current disc it can be done from this window.

Normalize: This filter may be used to set the volume of a track to a standard volume. It may be useful to adjust the volumes of several tracks that were read from different sound input devices. DeClick: This filter can be used to remove click/pop/crackle sounds like those that are caused by old scratched LPs.

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Hiss Reduction: This filter reduces the hiss level of a given sound. It will remove all audio in all frequencies that are below a certain threshold (hiss level). If audio has a constant background hiss then it can be noise gated or removed completely. Fade In: this filter will gradually fade and blend tracks from silence to full volume. Its especially useful to shorten tracks. You will also need to edit the track limits property page to shorten the track. Fade Out: This filter will gradually fade out tracks from full volume to silence. Its especially useful to shorten tracks. You will also need to edit the track limits property page to shorten the track. Stereo Widening: This filter allows you to enhance or reduce the stereo effect of an audio track. The filter will only have an effect if the original track is already recorded in stereo. It will leave mono tracks unchanged. Karaoke: This filter can be used to eliminate the vocals of a song. It works by removing those parts of the song that are equal on both stereo channels. Echo: This filter allows you to add an echo effect to the audio track. Equalizer: This filter allows you to change the frequency, gain, bass, and treble in your audio track.

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6 Video/Pictures

6.1 Video/Pictures

Get those home movies ready! You can now take your movies or video clips and store them to CD in miniDVD, Video CD or Super Video CD format. Super Video CD (or SVCD) is very similar to a video CD, however, this format uses a compression standard called MPEG to store the audio and data. VCDs can be played on most home video players that support this format and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM players with appropriate software. SVCD discs can be played on DVD players, PCs with DVD-ROMS or a CD-ROM drive with software which allows this type of video format to be seen.

6.2 Creating your first video disc
Step 1: From the project selection page, select Video > Video CD.

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Step 3: There are three very simple ways to add data to the layout window to make this process quick and easy. button to select the files you would like to Option One - Click the burn. A window will appear that looks very similar to Windows Explorer and from here, you are able to choose the files you would like to record and save on disc. Once you have selected your file(s), please click Add. Option Two - Add data using Windows Explorer - please go to the Start button in the corner of your screen All Programs > Accessories > Windows Explorer.
F.Y.I.! Some operating systems will have Start > Programs > Windows Explorer When the Windows Explorer appears, you can drag the data you would like to record into the Nero Express 6 layout. Option Three - Add data using My Computer - please click the icon. From this window, you can drag and drop your files into the Nero Express 6 layout.

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Step 4: Once all your files have been added, click Next to prepare your disc for the layout. In the My Video CD (VCD) menu, you can change the look of the menu by clicking on the layout, background, and text buttons.
Layout You are able to change the thumbnails and add or remove the header and footer.

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Background Add an image to your background or color. You can also change the background mode so that you can scale to fit, center, etc
Text Change the font style, size, and enter footer and header text.
Show full screen menu When applied, you will enlarge the screen to full size. Set as default Keep the settings you have just made as default if you like the layout you have created.

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Step 5: Please make your final settings before burning your disc.
If you are having trouble burning your disc, please refer to Chapter 'Technical Support' for F.A.Q. information and technical support. Step 6: Ready to record? Click the Burn button and you are on your way to recording your first VCD disc! As you are burning, you will receive a status window of the recording process.

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Step 7: When it is completed, you will be notified that the burn process has completed successfully.
Step 8: If you click OK after the successful recording, you will be returned back to the recording window. Please click Next to move forward to the following window. If you would like to burn the same project again, start another project, make labels, or add more data to your current disc it can be done from this window.

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7.2 Selecting your recorder
If your DVD recorder is supported and has been detected, simply seclect it from the Which recorder would you like to use? drop-down box. Some DVD recorders can also record CDs. These so-called combo recorders will be listed twice in the drop-down menu, followed by the extension CD-R/RW and DVD. To use the recorder to burn DVD discs, select the entry with the DVD extension. If you do not have a DVD recorder available, you have the possibility to burn DVD disc images using the DVD Image Recorder. These images can later be opened in Nero Express 6 and burnt to DVD when a DVD-recorder is available.
If the Image Recorder (DVD) is not available to you as an option, most likely the feature has not been activated. Please click on the More button then Configure.

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In the Expert Features tab, near the bottom, you will see an option called Enable Image Recorder for all supported recorder formats. Please check this box and the Image Recorder (DVD) option will appear at your Start screen.

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7.3 Creating your first DVD disc
To make data or music discs, or to copy an entire DVD disc, the steps are the the same as with CDs. Please refer to the relevant sections in the users guide. Only the DVD-Video files project is a little different and will be explained in detail below.
7.4 Creating a DVD-Video disc from DVD-Video files
Once the DVD recorder or DVD Image Recorder has been selected, the option to burn DVD files will appear in your Start menu. Step 1: From the project selection page, select DVD-Video files.

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Step 2: From this next window, you are now ready to start adding existing DVDVideo files with extensions such as.VOB,.IFO,.BUP. To ensure a proper functioning of the DVD-Video disc, it is best to add all the files of the VIDEO_TS folder.
Step 3: When you are ready, click Next to proceed to the next window to start the burn process. In the Final Burn Settings window, you will only have the option to change back and forth between your DVD recorder (if you have one available to you) and the DVD Image Recorder and to label your disc under Disc Name. All other options will be grayed out and not available to you.

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Step 4: Ready to record? Click the Burn button and you are on your way to recording your first DVD-Video disc! As you are burning, you will receive a status window of the recording process.

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Step 6: If you click OK after the successful recording, you will be returned back to the recording window. Please click Next to move forward to the following window. If you would like to burn the same project again, start another project, make labels, or add more data to your current disc it can be done from this window.

9.2 Creating a disc from a disc image
Step 1: From the project selection page, select Disc image of saved project
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Step 2: From this next window, you are now ready to retrieve your disc image or saved project.
For additional Burn Settings information, please refer to Chapter 'Preferences'. If you are having trouble burning your disc, please refer to Chapter 'Technical Support' for F.A.Q. information and technical support.
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Step 4: Ready to record? Click the Burn button and you are on your way to recording your first disc image or saved project disc. As you are burning, you will receive a status window of the recording process.
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9.3 Creating a disc from a saved project
Step 2: From this next window, you are now ready to retrieve your disc image or saved project. Select the file that you would like to burn and click Open.
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Step 3: The files from the saved disc image or save project will be displayed and ready for burning.
Step 4: Once you are ready, click Next to prepare your disc for burning. Please make your final settings before burning your disc.
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Step 5: Ready to record? Click the Burn button and you are on your way to recording your first disc image or saved project disc. As you are burning, you will receive a status window of the recording process.
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10 LightScribe

10.1 LightScribe System requirements
To create LightScribe labels, separate hardware and software system requirements need to be considered.

Systemanforderungen

Operating system Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows 2003 Server Windows Media Center Edition 2004 or larger Software Nero 6.6.0.8 (or higher) LightScribe Host Software must be installed Hardware LightScribe compatible recorder LightScribe suitable disc

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10.2 Printing LightScribe labels
LightScribe is a process that enables CDs and DVDs to be labeled in the recorder. This requires both a suitable burner and a special medium. The label side of the media has a special color layer and sometimes also a thermal layer; this is heated by the laser in the recorder in such a way that images and text are printed on the medium. After burning the compilation, the disc is simply removed from the recorder, turned over and the LightScribe label is created. The create functionality for LightScribe labels follows very closely that of Nero Cover Designer; i.e. if you have created disc labels before using Nero Cover Designer, then you will not have any problems using LightScribe labels. For their creation, it basically does not matter whether a label is printed on paper and then stuck onto the medium or printed directly on the medium. You will find full details on how to create labels in the Nero Cover Designer manual. Creation of a LightScribe disc can be either an independent process or part of the compilation process. Which method you choose will be a matter of preference.

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Contents: Information about the contents of the disc is printed on the disc. This is the recommended labeling method if there are a number of discs or compilations with the same name. Complete: Images and text appears on the disc; these creative elements (almost) completely fill the disc and make it unique. The format template for this labeling method is called 'Free style'. This is the recommended labeling method for important discs or discs with a special content. Why should I update my LightScribe Host Software? For various reasons, a window sometimes appears recommending an update for the LightScribe Host Software. The commonest reasons are: a. The installed LightScribe Host Software is faulty and needs to be reinstalled. b. The installed LightScribe Host Software is not the correct version. c. An attempt was made to access a disc that is not certified or is not LightScribe compatible. Establish an Internet connection and click 'Update'. In the window which opens, select the option 'Save' and specify where you want the LightScribe Host Software to be saved. Attention: To install the update you must have Administrator rights. To install the update, double-click the file that you have downloaded and follow the instructions of the Installation Wizard. Why is only simplified (generic) printing of the label possible? If a LightScribe disc is inserted and the LightScribe Host Software offers simplified (generic) printing, then the printing is not optimized for that disc. For optimal printing results, an update of the LightScribe Host Software is recommended and the corresponding window opens. Establish an Internet connection and click' Update'. In the window which opens, select the option 'Save' and specify where you want the LightScribe Host Software to be saved. Attention: To install the update you must have Administrator rights. To install the update, double-click the file that you have downloaded and follow the instructions of the Installation Wizard.

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11 Preferences

11.1 Preferences

In Nero Express 6 you have the possibility to change many settings in order to configure your software for optimal use. When you click on More then the Configure button, the Preferences window will appear. The settings are grouped in various tabs to make it easier for you to make the required changes.

11.2 General Tab

Check for correct disc format before burning When checked, the software will check to make sure that the disc you are using is in the correct format and suitable for burning.

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Check for Joliet filenames before burning Joliet filename standard supports up to 64 characters in a filename not including the extension (the characters after the. in a filename). When checked, the software will check for this standard before burning. Show compilation size in the Nero status bar When creating your compilation, you will have a status bar at the bottom of your window to show you just how much space you will be using on the blank disc.

Jitter Control

Many CD-ROM devices are not able to read a single sector of an audio disc. The results are little gaps due to the difference in the data stream. Jitter correction synchronizes the data stream by overlapping the sectors and therefore no gaps are created.

Joliet

Microsoft created standard for filenames that was made for Windows 95 and NT. It supports up to 64 characters in the filename, unicode character set, and DOS 8.3 (eight characters in the main filename with a 3 character extension) names.
Most CDs are provided with an imprint. This is known as the label. It is possible to place it on the CD with different technologies, for example, with screen printing.

Lead-In Area

The initial area of every session is known as the Lead-In Area at the beginning of the disc. This is where the table of contents for your disc and additional information concerning the CD is stored.

Lead-Out Area

This defines the closing stages of a session and is place at the end of the disc. If the CD has not yet been finalized, the reference to the next session is stored here.

Mixed Mode

This format combines both data and audio onto the CD. With this format, the data is recorded first and the audio tracks second. However, both are recorded in one session. Mode 1/ Mode : Nero normally writes ISO data in the CD sector format Mode 1. However Nero also supports the so-called XA-Format for ISO data. The XA format is an extension of ISO structures and can only be burned onto the CD in Mode 2 (another CD sector format).

Multisession

When data is written to the CD more than once. After you have written your first session to the CD, you can then add/write additional information with a different data set.

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MP3 Files (with the extension of.MP3)
The MP3 audio format has established itself as the most frequently used format to transfer audio data via the internet. MP3 stands for MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3. Using MP3, audio files can be reduced (or compressed) to a fraction of their orginal size (factor 1:10), without diminishing the quality.
An Acronym for Motion Picture Experts Group, it is a standard that was created for highly compressed video such as SVCD and Video CD.

MPEG-1

Which is a part of the MPEG compression family has the highest compression rate.

MPEG-2

There are very little differences between MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 with the exception that MPEG-2 works better with televisions that are interlaced and is the broadcast standard.

MPEG-3

This standard was created to define High Definition T.V.

MPEG-4

This standard is the next generation of MPEG-2 and is currently still in development.

Master

After the creation of an image file, the actual process of CD production occurs. If the CD is to be used for reproduction purposes, it is known as a master.

Mixed Mode-CD

Music and computer data are stored on one CD with this type of CD. The computer data is generally located on track 1 and audio data is located in the ensuing tracks.

Multi-Session-CD

A CD which is written in several sequential sessions is known as a multi-session CD.
NTSC is the standard for video and television in the United States and Japan. Other parts of the world have another standard. NTSC has more frames per second than PAL however. NTSC has less horizontal lines than PAL.

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OEM stands for Original Equipment Manufacturer. A product that states it is OEM means that it was made by one company, for another company, to sell as its own.

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On-The-Fly
A process for burning data onto a CD-R. There are two different methods of doing this. With the classical and older method, all of the data which is to be recorded onto the CD is first stored in a buffer in a large file known as an image file. From there, it is copied or burned onto the CD-R. In contrast to this, the method known as On-The-Fly transfers the data directly from their original memory locations on a hard drive onto the CD-R. With Nero, a so-called compilation is used for this purpose. This is a small file which only crossreferences the data to be transferred.

Orange Book

The standard in which the CD-MO (Magneto-Optical) and CD-WO (Write Once) technologies are defined. It provides the basis for CD-R.
PAL is the standard video and television in Europe. PAL has more horizontal lines than NTSC however, PAL has less frames per second than NTSC.

Photo-CD

A CD which is used for storing images, photos, slides and other visual data. The Photo-CD is generally capable of multi-sessions. The standard originates from Kodak and Philips.

Plugin

A plugin is a software file that allows one to have or use extra features with their software or to help fix an issue.

Premastering

The preparation of data which is to be written onto a CD at some later time. An image, which represents an exact replica of the data and the directory structure, is usually created first.

Red Book

This standard describes the CD-DA.
An old outdated data structure standard which was created by Adaptec to support filenames up to 128 characters long including spaces. Files used with the Romeo standard can only be read under Windows 95 and NT operating systems. Unicode characters are not supported, however, they can be read on the Macintosh systems provided that the characters do not exceed 31 characters.

Table of Contents (T.O.C.)
This designates the contents of every session and is stored in the Lead-In.
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Thermal Recalibration

As your hard drive platters rotate, they expand due to the heat that is generated. The hard drive will stop for a split second to readjust the heads (which does the reading of data) to the newly expanded platter(s).
A disc is sub-divided into individual tracks - for example, separate songs or pieces of music on an audio disc are each a track.

Track-At-Once (TAO)

With this method, each track is individually written onto the disc. The write operation is briefly interrupted after each track. This means that a CD-R or CDRW can be written onto just like any standard disk.

UDF/ISO CD

The UDF file system has been especially optimized to handle large data quantities and to also be able easily modify an existing file system just like you would on a floppy however with a CD. This file format uses separate software and also formats your disc differently.

Video CD

An acronym for Video Compact Disc, it holds movies and audio/video in stereo with a compression standard called MPEG. One can also say that it is also based on an ISO file system and contain digital video films. A video disc can be played on most CD-ROMs, DVD players, and DVD-ROM drives with the help of software.

Volume Descriptor

The Volume Descriptor is the area at the beginning of a CD in which the structure of the file system is contained. It may also contain additional and optional information about the CD, such as the name of the CD, the publisher, a copyright notice, etc.
WAV/Wave File (with the extension.wav on your computer)
Audio files are saved on the hard disk in the wave format. The wave format is part of the general RIFF Standard (Resource Interchange File Format). This format supports various scanning rates and depths. This is the PC format for saving audio files on the hard drive (Mac's use AIFF files). Audio files that are on a commercial CD (store bought CD), are in digital form. When saving your sound/audio that originates from a CD-ROM onto your hard drive, it must be saved in analog form. Audio files cannot be saved in digital form on the hard drive.

White Book

The format created by Sony, Philips, and JVC in 1993 that extended the Red Book CD format to include digital video in MPEG-1 format which is referred to as Video CD.
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Write Once. A medium which may be written to once. This includes the CDRecordable.

WMA File

Windows media audio

Yellow Book

This standard defines the CD-ROM.