The rear panels of the Model RT311 router and Model RT314 router are shown in Figure 2-3 and Figure 2-4. Refer to these diagrams to identify all the ports on the router when you attempt to make any connections.
Key: 1 = Ground 2 = AC adapter outlet for connecting the AC adapter to the router 3 = Local Ethernet port for connecting the router to the local LAN 4 = Internet Ethernet port for connecting the router to a cable or DSL modem 5 = RS-232 Manager port for connecting the router to the serial port of a PC

Figure 2-3.

RT311 Rear Panel
Key: 1 = AC adapter outlet for connecting the AC adapter to the router 2 = Local Ethernet ports for connecting the router to the local PCs 3 = RS-232 Manager port for connecting the router to the serial port of a PC 4 = Internet Ethernet port for connecting the router to a cable or DSL modem 5 = Ground

Figure 2-4.

RT314 Rear Panel

Connecting the Router

Three connections must be made before using your router: Connect your local Ethernet network to the LOCAL port(s) of the router. Connect your cable or DSL modem to the INTERNET port of the router. Connect the power adapter
Connecting to your Local Ethernet Network
Your local network will attach to the router port or ports marked LOCAL. Because the Model RT314 router includes a four-port switch while the Model RT311 router has a single port for connection to your local network, the method of connection is different. Follow the procedure below for your specific model. The LOCAL ports of these routers are capable of operation at either 10 Mbps (10BASE-T) or 100 Mbps (100BASE-Tx), depending on the Ethernet interface of the attached PC, hub, or switch. For any connection which will operate at 100 Mbps, you must use a Category 5 (CAT5) rated cable, such as the white Ethernet cable included with the router.
Connecting the Model RT311 router to your Local Area Network The Model RT311 router has a single port for connection to your local network. This port is wired as a host rather than a hub, and is intended to connect to a hub or switch in your network. To connect the Model RT311 router to your LAN: Connect the LOCAL port of the router to your existing Ethernet hub or switch using the white straight-through Ethernet cable shipped with your router.

When power is first applied, verify that the PWR LED is on. Verify that the TEST LED begins to blink within a few seconds. After approximately 30 seconds, verify that:

a. b. c.

The TEST LED is not lit. The LOCAL LNK/ACT LEDs are lit for any local ports that are connected. The INTERNET LNK/ACT LED is lit.
If a LNK/ACT LED is lit, a link has been established to the connected device.
If a LOCAL port is connected to a 100 Mbps device, verify that the 100 LED is lit.
You are now ready to begin configuration of your network, as described in the following chapter.
Chapter 3 Preparing Your Network
This chapter describes the preparation for connecting your PCs to the Internet using the Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router. Before configuring your router, you must perform the following tasks: Configure your PCs for using the TCP/IP networking protocol Order broadband Internet service from an Internet service provider (ISP)
Details of these tasks are given in the following sections.
Preparing the PCs for IP Networking
The Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers use the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), commonly referred to as TCP/IP. In order to access the Internet through the router, each PC on your network must have TCP/IP installed and selected as the networking protocol. The required components are listed below for various operating systems: Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT: Windows 95 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP/IP network. Windows 3.1: You need a TCP/IP application package such as NetManage Chameleon. Macintosh: You can use MacTCP, which is included with later Macintosh models. UNIX and variants: These operating systems usually include TCP/IP components.
Follow the instructions provided with your operating system or networking software to install TCP/IP on your computer. Although TCP/IP is built into the Windows operating system, beginning with Windows 95, it must be enabled and configured. Refer to Configuring Windows 95 or Windows 98 for IP Networking below for further instructions to configure your PCs for IP networking.

Preparing Your Network

In your IP network, all PCs and the router must be assigned IP addresses. Each PC must also have certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask (netmask), a domain name server (DNS) address, and a default gateway address. For a detailed explanation of the meaning and purpose of these configuration items, refer to Chapter 10, Networks and Routing Basics. Unless you have a reason to do otherwise, install TCP/IP so that the PC obtains its specific network configuration information from a DHCP server during bootup. The Model RT311 and RT314 routers are shipped preconfigured as a DHCP server. The router assigns the following TCP/ IP configuration information automatically when the PCs are rebooted: PC or workstation IP addresses192.168.0.2 through 192.168.0.31 Subnet mask255.255.255.0 Gateway address (the router)192.168.0.1 DNS server (the router)192.168.0.1 (The router performs DNS Proxy.)

Account Information

Unless these items are dynamically assigned by the ISP, your ISP should give you the following basic information for your account: An IP address and subnet mask A gateway IP address, which is the address of the ISPs router One or more domain name server (DNS) IP addresses Host name and domain suffix
If these items are supplied dynamically, your router acquires them automatically. If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of the broadband modem, you may need to copy this information from your PCs Network TCP/IP Properties screen before reconfiguring your PC for use with the router. This procedure is described in a following section.
Obtaining Configuration Information After the ISP Configures Your PC
If the ISP configured your Windows 95 or Windows 98 PC during your modem installation, follow the steps below to get the information you need to configure the router for Internet access:
From the Windows toolbar, select Start. Select Run. In the Open field, type:

winipcfg

Click OK. Write down the IP Address and Subnet Mask values shown in the Ethernet Adapter Information box. You may need to select your Ethernet network adapter in order to see these values.

6. 7. 8.

Click on the More Info button. Write down the addresses of the DNS servers shown in the Host Information box. Write down the full host name, including domain suffix, shown in the Host Information box. The host name should appear similar to this example:
jsmith.santaclara.gearguy.com In this case, the host name precedes the first dot (jsmith), and the domain name or suffix consists of the remaining information (santaclara.gearguy.com).
Write down the address of the default gateway shown in the Ethernet Adapter Information box.
This information can also be obtained by selecting the Network icon in the Windows Control Panel. Select TCP/IP and click on Properties.
Sharing the Internet Connection
The Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router provides an Internet connection for multiple computer workstations through an external broadband access device (such as a cable modem or DSL modem) that is intended for use by a single workstation. For a single-workstation Internet account, an Internet service provider (ISP) supplies TCP/IP configuration information for one workstation. In order to share the Internet connection among several computers, your router must be programmed with the TCP/IP configuration information that would normally be used for that single workstation. When the routers INTERNET port is connected to the broadband modem, the router appears to the ISP as a single PC. The router allows the workstations on the local network to masquerade as the single PC to access the Internet through the broadband modem. The method used by the router to accomplish this is called Network Address Translation (NAT) or IP masquerading.

N/A fields Save your configuration

Manager Menu Summary

Table 5-2 describes the top-level Manager menus.

Table 5-2.

Number 1 2
Menu Title General Setup WAN Setup Description Specify a router name. Set full/half duplex to the external wide area network (WAN) connection. This connection is typically a broadband modem connected to the Internet port of the router. Also allows selection of the MAC address. Configure the local area network (LAN) parameters, including IP address and DHCP operation.

LAN Setup

Number 24 99
Manager Menu Summary (continued)
Menu Title Internet Access Setup Remote Node Setup Static Routing Setup SUA Server Setup Description Set up a basic Internet connection. Configure additional parameters of the Internet connection Manually configure static routes. The router supports eight static routes. Configure forwarding of specific incoming service requests to local hosts.
Filter Set Configuration Set up filters to be used in Menu 3 and Menu 4 to provide security and traffic control. System Password System Maintenance Exit Change password for Manager access. Provide system status, diagnostics, and firmware upload. Exit from the Manager.

General Setup Menu

The General Setup Menu contains administrative and system-related information, such as the router name. To enter administrative and system-related information:
Enter 1 from the Main Menu to display Menu 1 - General Setup, as illustrated in Figure 5-3.
Menu 1 - General Setup System Name = MyRT311 Domain Name: santaclara.gearguy.com Configure Dynamic DNS= No
Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to cancel:

Figure 5-3. 2.

Menu 1 - General Setup
In the System Name field, enter a name for identifying the router. For identification purposes, choose a descriptive name for the router, such as MyRT311. If your ISP has assigned a host name for your PC, the System Name in some cases must be set to the host name. The System Name can include up to 30 alphanumeric characters. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes ( - ) and underscores ( _ ) are acceptable.
(Optional) In the Domain Name field, enter the domain name of your Internet service. The Domain Name may be helpful in accessing some of the services of your ISP, such as email, news servers and customer support. If your accounts full server names look like this: mail.xxx.yyy.com your domain name is xxx.yyy.com.
(Optional) Configure for Dynamic DNS. If you wish to use Dynamic DNS, refer to Dynamic DNS on page 6-10.

WAN Setup

Menu 2 enables you to configure the 10 Mbps Ethernet port to a broadband modem device, such as a cable or DSL modem. This port is labeled INTERNET on the rear panel of the router. Figure 5-4 shows Menu 2 - WAN Setup.

Table 5-5 lists and describes the fields to use for setting up TCP/IP and DHCP parameters in Menu 3.2. When you finish entering information in all of the fields, press [Enter] at the prompt Press ENTER to Confirm. Your selections are saved. Press [Esc] at any time to cancel the entries you have made.
Note: If you change the LAN IP address of the router while connected through Telnet, you lose the Telnet session. You must then open a new Telnet connection to the new IP address and log in again.

Table 5-5.

Field DHCP: DHCP Configuration: Client IP Pool Starting Address Size of Client IP Pool Primary DNS Server This field is the beginning of the range of addresses to assign. This field is the number of sequential addresses available for assignment to attached hosts. The maximum is 32. If you want the router to provide the Primary DNS Server address to attached hosts, enter the DNS address in this field. If this field is 0.0.0.0, the router assigns its own address as DNS Server, and performs a DNS Proxy if it can obtain a DNS address from the ISP. If you want the router to assign the Secondary DNS Server address to attached hosts, enter the address in this field.
Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup Fields
Description If set to Server, the router acts as a DHCP server. If set to None, the routers DHCP server is disabled.
Secondary DNS Server TCP/IP Setup: IP Address
Enter the IP address of the LAN interface of the router in dotted-decimal notation (four 8-bit numbers, between 0 and 255, separated by periods, for example, 192.168.0.1). Every device on the TCP/IP network must have a unique IP address. An IP address consists of two parts, the network ID and the host ID. The IP Subnet Mask specifies the network ID portion of the address, written in dotted-decimal notation. The router automatically calculates this mask for the class of the IP address that you assign. Unless you have a special need for subnetting, use the default subnet mask calculated by the router. All hosts on the LAN segment should use the same mask.

IP Subnet Mask

Field RIP Direction
Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup Fields (continued)
Description This parameter determines how the router handles RIP (Routing Information Protocol). RIP allows the router to exchange routing information with other routers. If set to None (default), the router does not participate in any RIP exchange with other routers. If set to Both, the router broadcasts the routing table of the router on the LAN and incorporates RIP broadcasts by other routers into its routing table. If set to In Only, the router broadcasts its routing table on the LAN. If set to Out Only, the router broadcasts its routing table, but it ignores any RIP broadcast packets that it receives. Usually, you should leave this parameter at the default (None). This field determines the format and broadcasting method of any RIP (Routing Information Protocol) transmissions by the router. The following RIP options are supported by the Model RT311 router: RIP-1The router sends RIP-1 messages only. RIP-2BThe router sends RIP-2 messages in broadcast format. RIP-2MThe router sends RIP-2 messages in multicast format. For most applications, the recommended version is RIP-1. Some streaming media applications (e.g. Cisco IP/TV, RealPlayer) now support IP Multicast. To enable Multicast routing, select either IGMP-v1 or IGMP-v2.

Description Offset Length
To configure a specific filter rule, select the number of the filter rule (16) that you want to configure and press [Enter] to display Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule (Figure 7-3).
Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule Filter #: 1,1 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 17 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 0 Port # Comp= None Source: IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 IP Mask= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 137 Port # Comp= Equal TCP Estab= N/A More= No Log= None Action Matched= Drop Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 7-3.

Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule
Configuring a Filter Rule
You can configure two types of filter rules. Some of the parameters differ depending on the type of rule. When you first enter the filter rule menu, Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule is displayed. If you want to configure another type of filter rule, select the appropriate type by pressing the space bar under the Filter Type field and then pressing [Enter] to display the menu for the filter rule you want to enter.

TCP/IP Filter Rule

This section provides information about how to configure a TCP/IP filter rule for your router. The fields in the menu are given in Table 7-4. When you have completed Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule, press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Confirm.prompt to confirm your selections. You can press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections. The data you entered on Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule is displayed on Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary. Table 7-4 lists and describes the TCP/IP Filter Rule menu fields.

Table 7-4.

Field Active IP Protocol
TCP/IP Filter Rule Fields
Descriptions Make the filter rule active (Yes) or inactive (No). Protocol refers to the IP-specific number of the protocol. The range for the value entered in this field should be between 0 and 255 (for example, 6 refers to the TCP protocol). Yes or No in this field determines whether to check the source route.
IP Source Route Destination: IP Addr
Enter the destination IP address of the packet you want to filter. The address is usually written in dotted-decimal notation such as a.b.c.d where a, b, c, and d are numbers between 0 and 255. Enter the IP subnet mask that will be used to mask the bits of the IP address given in Destination: IP Addr. Refer to Chapter 1, Introduction, for more information. Enter the destination port of the packets that you want to filter. The range of this field is 0 to 65535. Select the comparison quantifier you want to enable to compare to the value given in Destination: Port #. There are five options for this field: None (default) Less Greater Equal Not Equal

Length

Field Log
Generic Filter Rule Fields (continued)
Description Determine if you want to log the results of packets attempting to pass the filter rule. These results are displayed on the System Log (see View Error Log on page 8-4). Seven options are available: NoneNo packets are logged (default). Action MatchedOnly packets that match the rule parameters are logged. Action Not MatchedOnly packets that do not match the rule parameters are logged. BothAll packets are logged. Check Next Rule (default) Forward Drop If the conditions for the filter rule are not met, you can specify what to do with the packet. Three options are available: Check Next Rule (default) Forward Drop
Action Matched, Action Not Matched

Applying a Filter Set

After configuring a filter set in Menu 21, you must specify how the filter will be used. Filters are applied at the LAN interface in Menu 3.1 or at the WAN interface in Menu 4.1. You must specify whether the filter is applied to incoming or outgoing packets, and whether filter sets are used alone or combined. You can apply up to four filter sets to the same port by entering the numbers of the desired filter sets separated by commas, with no spaces. In the following example, the user specifies that filter sets 1, 3, and 10 are to be applied to packets entering the router from the LAN:
Incoming Filter Sets = 1,3,10
In cascading filter sets, you may need to modify all but the last set in order to have each set continue to the next set rather than terminate. In the example above, you may need to modify Sets 1 and 3 so that they continue to Set 10. On the last rule of a standalone filter set, you normally set Action if Matched and Action if Not Matched to either forwardor drop. However, if you cascade the filter set to another filter set, one of these actions must be Check Next Rule.

Default Filters

The Model RT311 router is preconfigured with the three filters shown in Figure 7-1 on page 7-2 and in this section.

Filter 1: NetBIOS_WAN

The NetBIOS_WAN filter is an IP protocol filter used to prevent the sending of Windows NetBIOS name service packets to the ISP. The ports used by NetBIOS name service are: 137 (TCP and UDP) NetBIOS Name Service 138 (TCP and UDP) NetBIOS Datagram Service 139 (TCP and UDP) NetBIOS Session Service

Rename the new software file to ras. Establish an FTP connection to the LAN IP address of the router. No login name is necessary. The password is the current Manager password. The factory default password is 1234.
Use your FTP program to put the file named ras in the router. Be sure to specify a binary (not ascii) transfer.
After the data transfer is finished, the router programs the upgraded firmware into flash memory and reboots itself, dropping the FTP session.

8-10 System Maintenance

Command Interpreter Mode
To enter the command interpreter mode: Select option 8 from Menu 24, Maintenance, to enter the command interpreter mode. This mode allows you to diagnose, test, and configure your router using a script or specified set of commands. To see a list of valid commands, type help at the command prompt. For more detailed information, go to the NETGEAR Web site, www.netgear.com.
Chapter 9 Troubleshooting
This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router. After each problem description, instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem.

Basic Functioning

After you turn on power to the router, the following sequence of events should occur: The PWR LED lights. The router performs a self-test for 30 seconds, during which the Test LED should blink at a rate of about 0.5 Hz and then turn off. If the Local and Internet Ethernet connections are correctly made to operational devices, each LNK/ACT LED should be on. If a Local Ethernet port is connected to a device that operates at 100 Mbps, the 100 LED should be on.
If any of these conditions does not occur, refer to the appropriate following section.

PWR LED Not On

If the PWR and other LEDs are off when your router is turned on: Make sure that the power cord is properly connected to your router and that the power supply adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet. Check that you are using the 12 V DC power adapter supplied by NETGEAR for this product.
If the error persists, you have a hardware problem and should contact technical support.

Troubleshooting 9-1

Test LED Never Blinks or LED Stays On
When the router is turned on, the Test LED blinks for about 30 seconds at a rate of approximately 0.5 Hz and then turns off. If the Test LED does not blink, or if it stops blinking and stays on, there is a fault within the router. If you experience problems with the Test LED: Cycle the power to see if the router recovers and the LED blinks for the correct amount of time.
If the error persists, you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support.

LNK/ACT LEDs Not On

If either the Local or Internet LNK/ACT LED does not light when the Ethernet connection is made, check the following: Make sure that the Ethernet cable connections are secure at the router and at the hub or workstation. Make sure that power is turned on to the connected hub or workstation. Be sure you are using the correct cable: If you are connecting a Model RT311 router directly to a workstation or to the uplink (MDI) port of a hub, use the red crossover cable. If you are connecting a Model RT311 router to a normal (MDI-X) hub port, use the white straight-through cable.

Rename romfile0.311 to rom-0. Establish an FTP connection to the LAN IP address of the router. No login name is necessary. The password is the current Manager password. If you have lost the password, use the serial connection method described in the previous section. The factory default password is 1234.
Chapter 10 Networks and Routing Basics
This chapter provides an overview of IP networks and routing.

Basic Router Concepts

Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area network (LAN). However, providing high bandwidth between a local network and the Internet can be very expensive. Because of this expense, Internet access is usually provided by a slower-speed wide-area network (WAN) link such as a cable or DSL modem. In order to make the best use of the slower WAN link, a mechanism must be in place for selecting and transmitting only the data traffic meant for the Internet. The function of selecting and forwarding this data is performed by a router.

What is a Router?

A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in the data and on routing tables maintained by the router. In these routing tables, a router builds up a logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers in the network. Using this information, the router chooses the best path for forwarding network traffic. Routers vary in performance and scale, number of routing protocols supported, and types of physical WAN connections supported. The Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router is a small office router that routes the IP protocol over a single-user broadband connection.
Networks and Routing Basics
Routing Information Protocol
One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). Using RIP, routers update one another periodically and check for changes to be added to the routing table. The Model RT311 and RT314 routers support both the older RIP-1 and the newer RIP-2 protocols. Among other improvements, RIP-2 supports subnet and multicast protocols. RIP is not required for most home applications. You can contact IANA at www.iana.org.
IP Addresses and the Internet
Because TCP/IP networks are interconnected widely across the world, every machine on the Internet must have a unique address to make sure that transmitted data reaches the correct destination. Blocks of addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses either from the IANA or from an Internet service provider (ISP). The Internet Protocol (IP) uses a 32-bit address structure. The address is usually written in dot notation (also called dotted-decimal notation), in which each group of eight bits is written in decimal form, separated by decimal points. For example, the binary address:

Netmask

In each of the address classes described previously, the size of the two parts (network address and host address) is implied by the class. This partitioning scheme can also be expressed by a netmask associated with the IP address. A netmask is a 32-bit quantity that, when logically ANDed with an IP address, yields the network address. For instance, the netmasks for Class A, B, and C addresses are 255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0, and 255.255.255.0, respectively. For example, the address 192.168.170.237 is a Class C IP address whose network portion is the upper 24 bits. When ANDed with the Class C netmask, as shown here, only the network portion of the address remains:

(192.168.170.237)

ANDed with:

(255.255.255.0)

Equals:

(192.168.170.0)

As a shorter alternative to dotted-decimal notation, the netmask may also be expressed in terms of the number of ones from the left. This number is appended to the IP address, following a backward slash ( / ), as /n. In the example, the address could be written as 192.168.170.237/24, indicating that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros.

Subnet Addressing

By looking at the addressing structures, you can see that even with a Class C address, there are a large number of hosts per network. Such a structure is an inefficient use of addresses if each end of a routed link requires a different network number. It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would have that many devices. You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet addressing.
Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks. Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead. A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64,000 nodes. Most organizations do not use 64,000 nodes, so there are free bits that can be reassigned. Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free, as illustrated in Figure 10-2.

Class B

Subnet

Figure 10-2.

Example of Subnetting a Class B Address
A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses. For example, the IP address of 172.16.0.0 is assigned, but node addresses are limited to 255 maximum, allowing 8 extra bits to use as a subnet address. The IP address of 172.16.97.235 would be interpreted as IP network address 172.16, subnet number 97, and node number 235. In addition to extending the number of addresses available, subnet addressing provides other benefits. Subnet addressing allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for the network by using different subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other departments in the organization. Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address, note that you are not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting. To create more network numbers, you need only shift some bits from the host address to the network address. For instance, to partition a Class C network number (192.68.135.0) into two, you shift 1 bit from the host address to the network address. The new netmask (or subnet mask) is 255.255.255.128. The first subnet has network number 192.68.135.0 with hosts 192.68.135.1 to 129.68.135.126, and the second subnet has network number 192.68.135.128 with hosts 192.68.135.129 to 192.68.135.254.

Domain Name Server

Many of the resources on the Internet can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as www.NETGEAR.com. This addressing is very helpful at the application level, but the descriptive name must be translated to an IP address in order for a user to actually contact the resource. Just as a telephone directory maps names to phone numbers, or as an ARP table maps IP addresses to MAC addresses, a domain name system (DNS) server maps descriptive names of network resources to IP addresses. When a PC accesses a resource by its descriptive name, it first contacts a DNS server to obtain the IP address of the resource. The PC sends the desired message using the IP address. Many large organizations such as ISPs maintain their own DNS servers and allow their customers to use the servers to look up addresses.

IP Configuration by DHCP

When an IP-based local area network is installed, each PC must be configured with an IP address. If the PCs need to access the Internet, they should also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses. As an alternative to manual configuration, there is a method by which each PC on the network can obtain this configuration information automatically. A device on the network may act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server. The DHCP server stores a list or pool of IP addresses, along with other information (such as gateway and DNS addresses) that it may assign to the other devices on the network. The Model RT311 and RT314 routers have the capacity to act as a DHCP server. The Model RT311 and RT314 routers also function as a DHCP client when connecting to the ISP. The router can automatically obtain an IP address, subnet mask, DNS server addresses, and a gateway address if the ISP provides this information by DHCP.
Appendix A Technical Specifications
This appendix provides technical specifications for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers.

General Specifications

Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility
Data and Routing Protocols:
TCP/IP, RIP-1, RIP-2, DHCP PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)

Power Adapter

North America: United Kingdom, Australia: Europe: Japan: All regions (output):
120V, 60 Hz, input 240V, 50 Hz, input 230V, 50 Hz, input 100V, 50/60 Hz, input 12 V DC @ 1.2A output, 30W maximum

Technical Specifications

Physical Specifications

Dimensions: Weight:

Environmental Specifications
253 by 181 by 35 mm 9.95 by 7.1 by 1.4 in. 1.1 kg 2.5 lb. 0 to 40 C 90% maximum relative humidity, noncondensing FCC Part 15 Class B VCCI Class B EN (CISPR 22), Class B
Operating temperature: Operating humidity:
Electromagnetic Emissions

Meets requirements of:

Interface Specifications

LAN: WAN: Manager:

10BASE-T or 100BASE-Tx, RJ-45 10BASE-T, RJ-45 RS-232, DB9F

Glossary

10BASE-T 100BASE-Tx DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol IP IP Address
IEEE 802.3 specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring. IEEE 802.3 specification for 100 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring. See Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. An Ethernet protocol that provides a centralized administration point for assigning network configuration information. See Internet Protocol. A 4-byte number uniquely defining each host on the Internet. Ranges of addresses are assigned by Internic, an organization formed for this purpose. Usually written in dotted-decimal notation with periods separating the bytes (for example, 134.177.244.57). See Internet Packet Exchange. Internet service provider. Novells internetworking protocol. The main internetworking protocol used in the Internet. Used in conjunction with the Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) to form TCP/IP. See local area network. A communications network serving users within a limited geographical area, such as one floor of a building, controlled by a network operating system and using a transport protocol. See Most Significant Bit or Most Significant Byte. See Maximum Receive Unit.
IPX ISP Internet Packet Exchange Internet Protocol

LAN local area network

MSB MRU

masquerading

A technique by which several hosts share a single IP address for access to the Internet. This process is an extension of Network Address Translator (NAT). See also Network Address Translator. The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received. The portion of a number, address, or field that is farthest left when written as a single number in conventional hexadecimal ordinary notation. The part of the number having the most value. See Network Address Translator. A number that explains which part of an IP address comprises the network address and which part is the host address on that network. It can be expressed in dotted-decimal notation or as a number appended to the IP address. For example, a 28-bit mask starting from the MSB can be shown as 255.255.255.192 or as /28 appended to the IP address. A proposal for IP address reuse, where the local IP address is mapped to a globally unique address. See also masquerading. See unnumbered links. See Point-to-Point Protocol. PPPoE. PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always-on connection by simulating a dial-up connection. Public Switched Telephone Network. PPP. A protocol allowing a computer using TCP/IP to connect directly to the Internet. Request For Comment. Refers to documents published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) proposing standard protocols and procedures for the Internet. RFCs can be found at www.ietf.org. See Routing Information Protocol. A protocol in which routers periodically exchange information with one another so that they can determine minimum distance paths between sources and destinations. See netmask.

Maximum Receive Unit Most Significant Bit or Most Significant Byte

NAT netmask

Network Address Translator (or Translation) numbered links PPP PPP over Ethernet
PSTN Point-to-Point Protocol RFC
RIP Routing Information Protocol

subnet mask

unnumbered links
A method of connecting two LANs by way of a WAN, where the two WAN end points do not have their own IP addresses. See wide area network. A long distance link used to extend or connect remotely located local area networks.

WAN wide area network

Action Matched/Not Matched field Generic Filter Rule menu 7-10 TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 7-8 Active field Edit IP Static Route menu 6-7 Generic Filter Rule menu 7-9 Syslog and Accounting menu 8-5 TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 7-7 Address Resolution Protocol 10-9
DNS Proxy 1-4, 5-12 DNS server 3-6 domain name 3-7 domain name server (DNS) 10-9 domain suffix 3-7 Dynamic DNS 6-10 dynamic NAT. See Network Address Translation
Edit IP Static Route menu 6-7 Encapsulation 6-2 EPROM, for firmware upgrade 1-3 error log 8-4 Ethernet field, System Maintenance menu 8-3
cables 2-7 CAT5 cable 2-5 command interpreter mode 8-11 configuration automatic by DHCP 1-4 backup 8-8 connecting cables 2-7 power 5-4 router 2-3 serial port 5-2 through Telnet session 5-2 conventions xvi customer support iii
features 1-1 Filter Rules Summary menu 7-3, 7-9 filter type, Generic IP 7-4 filters, configuring 7-1 front panel 2-3 FTP 8-9, 9-8 FTP, updating the router software 8-10
default router address 5-2 Destination field, TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 7-7 Destination IP Address field, Edit IP Static Route menu 6-7 DHCP 1-4, 10-10 DHCP Setup field, Ethernet Setup menu 4-7, 5-12
gateway 3-7 Gateway IP Address field, Edit IP Static Route menu 6-7 General Setup menu 5-8 Generic Filter Rule menu 7-9

host name 3-6, 5-8

IETF xvii IGMP 5-13 Input and Output Filters field, Ethernet Setup menu 5-11 installation 1-2 Internet, accessing 6-1 IP addresses and NAT 10-7 and the Internet 10-2 assigning 10-2 masquerading 1-3 private 10-7 IP configuration by DHCP 10-10 IP networking for Windows 95 3-2 for Windows 98 3-2 IP Protocol field, TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 7-7 IP Source Route field, TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 7-7 IP Subnet Mask field, Edit IP Static Route menu 6-7
Manager interface commands 5-6 menus 5-6 troubleshooting 9-6 using for configuring 1-2, 3-7 Manager interface menus Diagnostic 8-6, 8-7 Edit IP Static Route 6-7 Filter Rules Summary 7-3, 7-9 General Setup Menu 5-8 Generic Filter Rule 7-9 Internet Access Setup 6-1 LAN Setup Menu 5-10 Log and Trace 8-4 Main 5-5 Syslog and Accounting 8-5 System Security 5-13 System Status 8-1 TCP/IP Filter Rule 7-6 WAN Setup 5-9 WAN Setup Menu 5-9 MANAGER port 2-7 Mask field, Generic Filter Rule menu 7-9 Metric field Edit IP Static Route menu 6-8 mode, command interpreter 8-11 More field Generic Filter Rule menu 7-9 TCP/IP Filter Rule menu 7-8 Multicast 5-13

Reference Guide for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers
NETGEAR, Inc. 4500 Great America Parkway Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA Phone 1-888-NETGEAR

SM-RT311NA-5 July 2001

2001 by NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved.

Trademarks

NETGEAR and FirstGear are trademarks Netgear, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.

Statement of Conditions

In the interest of improving internal design, operational function, and/or reliability, NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice. NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product(s) or circuit layout(s) described herein.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Compliance Notice: Radio Frequency Notice
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
EN Declaration of Conformance
This is to certify that the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers are shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89/336/EEC, Article 4a. Conformity is declared by the application of EN Class B (CISPR 22).
Besttigung des Herstellers/Importeurs
Es wird hiermit besttigt, da das Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers gem der im BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 und Vfg 46/1992 aufgefhrten Bestimmungen entstrt ist. Das vorschriftsmige Betreiben einiger Gerte (z.B. Testsender) kann jedoch gewissen Beschrnkungen unterliegen. Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung. Das Bundesamt fr Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet, da dieses Gert auf den Markt gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt, die Serie auf die Erfllung der Vorschriften hin zu berprfen.
Certificate of the Manufacturer/Importer
It is hereby certified that the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers have been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT-AmtsblVfg 243/1991 and Vfg 46/1992. The operation of some equipment (for example, test transmitters) in accordance with the regulations may, however, be subject to certain restrictions. Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions. Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations.
Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) Statement
This equipment is in the second category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area thereto) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas. When used near a radio or TV receiver, it may become the cause of radio interference. Read instructions for correct handling.

Customer Support

Refer to the Support Information Card that shipped with your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router.

Figure 10-1. Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration..10-2 Figure 10-2. Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary...10-3 Figure 10-3. Menu 21.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule...10-5 Figure B-1. Figure B-2. Figure B-3. Three Main Address Classes... B-3 Example of Subnetting a Class B Address.. B-5 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT.. B-8
Table 2-1. Table 5-1. Table 5-2. Table 5-3. Table 5-4. Table 5-5. Table 6-1. Table 6-2. Table 7-1. Table 7-2. Table 7-3. Table 7-4. Table 7-5. Table 8-1. Table 8-2. Table 8-3. Table 8-4. Table 8-5. Table 9-1. Table 9-2. Table 9-3. Table 9-4. Table 9-5. Table 10-1. Table 10-2. Table 10-3. Table 10-4. Table 10-5. Table B-1. Table B-2. Table B-3.
LED Descriptions...2-4 Dynamic DNS configuration fields...5-2 DHCP Setup Fields...5-4 LAN TCP/IP Setup Fields...5-4 Port Table Entries (Example)..5-7 Edit IP Static Route Fields...5-9 Menu 3.2 - System Status Fields...6-2 Router Statistics Fields...6-3 Manager Menu Commands...7-6 Manager Menu Summary...7-6 WAN Setup Fields...7-9 Menu 3.1 - LAN Port Filter Setup Fields.. 7-11 Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Setup Fields...7-12 Remote Node Profile Fields...8-4 Remote Node Network Layer Options Fields..8-7 Remote Node Filters Fields...8-9 Edit IP Static Route Fields...8-13 Dynamic DNS Configuration Fields..8-15 System Maintenance Status...9-3 System Maintenance Status Fields..9-3 System Maintenance - Log and Trace Fields..9-4 System Maintenance - Syslog and Accounting Fields..9-5 System Maintenance - Diagnostic Fields..9-7 Abbreviations Used in Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary.10-3 Abbreviations Used if Filter Type Is IP...10-4 Abbreviations Used if Filter Type Is GEN..10-4 TCP/IP Filter Rule Fields...10-7 Generic Filter Rule Fields...10-9 Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet.. B-6 Netmask Formats... B-6 UTP Ethernet cable wiring, straight-through... B-10

About This Guide

Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router. The Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers provide connection for multiple personal computers (PCs) to the Internet through an external broadband access device (such as a cable modem or DSL modem) that is normally intended for use by a single PC.
Note: If you are unfamiliar with networking and routing, refer to Appendix B, Network and Routing Basics, to become more familiar with the terms and procedures used in this manual.

Technical Support

For help with any technical issues, contact Customer Support at 1-888-NETGEAR, or visit us on the Web at www.NETGEAR.com. The NETGEAR Web site includes an extensive knowledge base, answers to frequently asked questions, and a means for submitting technical questions online.

Related Publications

As you read this document, you may be directed to various RFC documents for further information. An RFC is a Request For Comment (RFC) published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet. The RFC documents outline and define the standard protocols and procedures for the Internet. The documents are listed on the World Wide Web at www.ietf.org and are mirrored and indexed at many other sites worldwide.
For more information about address assignment, refer to the IETF documents RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets, and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. For more information about IP address translation, refer to RFC 1631, The IP Network Address Translator (NAT).
Typographical Conventions
This guide uses the following typographical conventions: italics

courier font

Book titles and UNIX file, command, and directory names. Screen text, user-typed command-line entries. Menu titles and window and button names. Named keys in text are shown enclosed in square brackets. The notation [Enter] is used for the Enter key and the Return key. Two or more keys that must be pressed simultaneously are shown in text linked with a plus (+) sign. DOS file and directory names.
Initial Caps [Enter] [Ctrl]+C ALL CAPS

Special Message Formats

This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages:
Note: This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest.
Caution: This format is used to highlight information that will help you prevent equipment failure or loss of data.
Warning: This format is used to highlight information about the possibility of injury or equipment damage.
Danger: This format is used to alert you that there is the potential for incurring an electrical shock if you mishandle the equipment.

Chapter 1 Introduction

This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers and discusses planning considerations for installation.

About the Router

Configuration File Management
The configuration settings of the Model RT311 and RT314 routers are stored within the router in a configuration file. This file can be saved (backed up) to a users PC, retrieved (restored) from the users PC, or cleared to factory default settings. To manage the configuration file, click on Maintenance in the Main Menu of the browser interface, then select Files. Three submenu tabs are available, and are described in the following sections.
Restore and Backup the Configuration
The Restore and Backup tabs in the Maintenance Files menu allow you to save and retrieve a file containing your routers configuration settings. To save your settings, select the Backup tab. Click the Backup button. Your browser will extract the configuration file, namedrom-0, from the router and will prompt you for a location on your PC to store the file. To restore your settings, select the Restore tab. Enter the full path to the configuration file on your PC or click the Browse button to browse to the file. When you have located it, click on the Upload button to send the file to the router. The router will then reboot automatically.

Erase the Configuration

It is sometimes desirable to restore the router to a known blank condition. This can be done by using the Erase function, which will restore all factory settings. After an erase, the router's password will be 1234, the LAN IP address will be 192.168.0.1, and the router's DHCP client will be enabled. To erase the configuration, click the Erase tab, then click the Erase button on the screen.
Chapter 7 Using the Manager Interface for Initial Router Configuration
This chapter contains information about basic configuration for your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router using the internal Manager interface. The initial configuration consists of: accessing the Manager, naming the router, and setting up the LAN interface, including DHCP parameters to be assigned to the attached PCs.
After you have performed basic router configuration, proceed to Chapter 8, Using the Manager Interface to Configure the Router for Internet Access, and Chapter 10, Configuring Filters, to configure Internet access and additional features.
Note: You can also use the browser-based setup to configure basic router features, and later use the Manager interface to configure advanced features.

Proceed to Step 8.

(Europe) If your service provider uses Alcatel's ANT (ADSL Network Termination) with PPTP as a login method, select Encapsulation as PPTP, and enter these additional parameters:
If you selected Ethernet Encapsulation, use the space bar to toggle the Service Type field to either RoadRunner or Standard. This field determines whether the RoadRunner login program will be run. If your service provider is not RoadRunner or if your RoadRunner region does not require the login program:

Select Standard.

If your Service Type is RoadRunner and your RoadRunner region requires the login program:

a. b. 7. 8.

Select the RoadRunner login program used in your region. Enter the login name and password provided by RoadRunner.
If RoadRunner provided an authentication server address, enter it as Login Server IP address. Otherwise, leave this field as 0.0.0.0. Use the space bar to toggle the IP Address Assignment field to Static or Dynamic. If your service provider has assigned you an IP address to be manually configured in your PC, select Static. In this case, enter your assigned IP address, subnet mask, and gateway address (the address of the ISPs router). If you do not know the gateway address, leave this field as 0.0.0.0.
Use the space bar to toggle the Single User Account field to Yes.
10. Press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Confirm. prompt to confirm your selections.
You can press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections. When you save this menu, the router automatically creates a default static route to the ISP.

Remote Node Setup Menu

Additional settings for Internet Access connection are provided in Menu 11 - Remote Node Setup. To access Menu 11:
Enter 11 from the Main Menu to display Menu 11 - Remote Node Setup. Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile opens as shown in Figure 8-2.
Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Active= Yes Encapsulation= Ethernet Service Type= Standard Service Name= N/A Outgoing: My Login= My Password= ******** Server IP= Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Edit IP= No Session Options: Edit Filter Sets= No Route= IP

Figure 8-2. 2. 3.

Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile
Edit the remote node settings with the desired changes. At the bottom of Menu 11.1, press Enter to save Menu 11.1. Press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections.
Table 8-1 lists and describes the fields in the Remote Node Profile menu and explains how to enter the information in each field.

Gateway IP Address Single User Account Metric

RIP: RIP Direction

Editing Filter Sets
You can apply filters to incoming or outgoing data in a Remote Node connection and also use filters to cause or prevent the placement of outgoing calls to the Remote Node. To use filters, start by defining the filters using Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration as shown in Figure 8-4.
Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration Filter Set # -----Comments ----------------NetBIOS_WAN NetBIOS_LAN TEL_FTP_WEB_WAN _______________ _______________ _______________ Filter Set # -----Comments ----------------_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________
Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 0

Figure 8-4.

Menu 21 - Filter Set Configuration
After defining filters in Menu 21, apply the filters to the Remote Node by entering the filter number in Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filters. You can cascade up to four filter sets by entering the numbers of the desired filter sets, separated by commas and with no spaces between them. Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filters is shown in Figure 8-5.
Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filter Input Filter Sets: protocol filters= 3 device filters= Output Filter Sets: protocol filters= device filters= Call Filter Sets: protocol filters= 1 device filters=
Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Figure 8-5.

Menu 11.5 - Remote Node Filters
Table 8-3 describes the fields of the Remote Node Filters display.

Table 8-3.

Field Input, Output, and Call Filters Protocol Filters Device Filters
Remote Node Filters Fields
Description These categories allow the application of filters to incoming data or outgoing data, and they cause or prevent the placement of outgoing calls. Enter the filter numbers of IP packet format filters defined in Menu 21. Enter the filter numbers of generic packet format filters defined in Menu 21.
For more information on using filters, refer to Chapter 10, Configuring Filters.
Configuration for Local Servers
Although NAT causes your entire local network to appear as a single machine to the Internet, you can make local servers for different services (for example, FTP or HTTP) visible and available to the Internet. Requested services are identified by port numbers in an incoming IP packet. For example, a packet that is sent to the external IP address of your router and destined for port number 80 is an HTTP (Web server) request, and port 21 is an FTP request. Examples of port numbers are shown at the bottom of Menu 15, although you are not limited to these choices. See IETF RFC1700, Assigned Numbers, for port numbers for common protocols.

Use Menu 15, SUA Server Setup, to configure the router to forward incoming protocols to IP addresses on your local network based on the port number. In addition to servers for specific protocols, you can also specify a default (DMZ) server to which all other incoming protocols are forwarded. To configure port forwarding to a local server:
Enter a port number in an unused Start Port row. To forward only one port, enter it again in the End Port row. To specify a range of ports, enter the last port to be forwarded in the End Port row. Enter the IP address of the local server in the corresponding IP Address row. Press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Confirm. prompt to confirm your selections, and return to the previous menu. Press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections.
Menu 15 - SUA Server Setup is shown in Figure 8-6.
Menu 15 - Multiple Server Configuration
Port # -----1.Default 2. 0 3. 0 4. 0 5. 0 6. 0 7. 0 8. 0

Address

--------------0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0

Figure 8-6.

Menu 15 - SUA Server Setup
For examples of applications of port forwarding, see Configuring for Port Forwarding to Local Servers on page 5-6.

Setting Static Routes

Under normal circumstances, the router has adequate routing information after you configure the Internet access information, and you do not need to configure additional static routes. You must configure static routes only for unusual cases such as multiple routers or multiple IP subnets located on your network. To view the routes in the routing table:
In the Manager interface, open Menu 24 - System Maintenance. Type 8 and press [Enter] to change to the Command Interpreter Mode. At the command prompt, type:

ip route stat

Press [Enter].
The command interpreter displays the static IP routing table as shown in the example in Figure 8-7.
ras> ip rout stat Dest 192.168.0.0 default ras> FF Len Interface enif0 enif1 Gateway 192.168.0.1 10.118.18.1 Metric stat Timer 041b 0 001b 0 Use 0 0

Figure 8-7.

IP Static Routing Table Example
In this example, the first route shown is the local Ethernet subnet connected to the LAN interface (enif0). The second route is the default route, through the WAN interface (enif1). All traffic from the LAN to a destination outside the LAN will be sent to the default route and will be handled by the ISP.
After viewing the table, type exit to return to the menus.

Back Up and Restore Configuration
You can save the router configuration settings to a disk as a binary file. You can also restore the settings from the file at a later time. Saving and restoring the router configuration lets you restore the router to working order if the configuration information in the router is lost or damaged. You can also use the configuration file to configure a new router of the same type if it becomes necessary to replace the router. NETGEAR highly recommends backing up your router configuration after the router is functioning. You can perform the backup and restore operations through a serial connection using a terminal emulation program (such as HyperTerm), or over the LAN using the Telnet protocol and a third-party FTP program. The procedures are described in the following sections.
Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration with a Serial Connection
Your serial communications software must have the ability to transfer data using the XMODEM Protocol. To back up the configuration with a serial connection:
Establish a serial connection with the router. For more information, see Connecting Through a Serial Port on page 7-2.
Select Menu 24 - System Maintenance. Enter 5 to select Backup Configuration. You are prompted to receive the file using the XMODEM transfer function of your terminal emulation program.
To restore the configuration:
Select Menu 24 - System Maintenance. Enter 6 to select Restore Configuration. You are prompted to send the file using the XMODEM transfer function of your terminal-emulation program.
The procedure for receiving or sending the configuration file varies depending on the type of terminal software used to access the router.
Backing Up and Restoring the Configuration Using FTP
To back up or restore the configuration file over the LAN, you must have an FTP client program. Windows includes an FTP client program that can be accessed using the Start button and Run menu. Other FTP client programs are available through many software retailers and shareware sites. To back up or restore the configuration:
If you are sending a configuration file to the router, first rename it to rom-0. Establish an FTP connection to the LAN IP address of the router. No login name is necessary. The password is the current Manager password. The factory default password is 1234.

9-10 Using the Manager Interface for System Maintenance

Command Interpreter Mode

To enter the command interpreter mode: Select option 8 from Menu 24, Maintenance, to enter the command interpreter mode. This mode allows you to diagnose, test, and configure your router using a script or specified set of commands. To see a list of valid commands, type help at the command prompt. Other than as described in this manual, these commands are not published and are not supported by NETGEAR Customer Support.

Remote Management

Although the router is normally configured by a PC on the local network, it can also be configured and managed over the Internet if remote management is enabled. To enter the remote management menu: Select option 11 from Menu 24, Maintenance, to enter the Remote Management menu. Determine which management protocol (Telnet, FTP, or HTTP) will be enabled. If a non-standard port number will be used for that service, enter that port number as Server Port. The default port (protocol) number is shown. Use the space bar to toggle Server Access to allow access from the LAN only, WAN only, either (ALL), or none (Disable). If you will manage the router from a particular IP address on the Internet, enter that address as Secured Client IP. If management will be allowed from any IP address, leave it as 0.0.0.0.
Note: When remote management is enabled, security for the remote connection is provided by the manager password and the remote managers IP address, if specified. If you do not specify an IP address, any Internet host who can guess your password will have access to your router.
Press ENTER at the bottom of the menu to save your settings.
Chapter 10 Configuring Filters
This chapter provides information about configuring and using filters for your Model RT311 or RT314 Internet Access Gateway Router. Filters are used to block certain packets, reduce traffic, and prevent security breaches. The router uses packet filters to determine whether to allow or deny passage of each data packet, based on information found in the packet. A filter is defined by rules declaring what information is to be checked and what action is to be taken (forward or discard) when a match is found. Two types of packet filters are supported by the router: IP protocol filters and generic or device filters. An IP protocol filter screens the packet based on IP address and port information contained in the packet. A generic filter looks for a specified pattern of bits at a specified location in the packet. In the configuration of IP filters, it is necessary to specify ports and protocols by their assigned numbers instead of names. A comprehensive list of protocol and port numbers for common IP traffic can be found in IETF RFC1700, Assigned Numbers. Many common port numbers are also listed on any Windows PC in a file called \windows\services. The Model RT311 and RT314 routers allow you to customize filter sets according to your needs. The following sections describe how to configure the filter sets for your router.

IP Mask Port # Port # Comp
Source: IP Addr Enter the source IP address of the packet you want to filter. The IP address is usually written in dotted-decimal notation such as a.b.c.d where a, b, c, and d are numbers between 0 and 255. Enter the IP subnet mask that is used to mask the bits of the IP address given in Source: IP Addr. SeeNetmask on page B-4 for information about IP subnet masks. Enter the source port of the packets that you want to filter. The range of this field is 0 to 65535. Select the comparison quantifier you want to use to compare to the value given in Source: Port #. There are five options for this field: None (Default) Less Greater Equal Not Equal

Field TCP Estab

TCP/IP Filter Rule Fields (continued)
Descriptions This field is dependent upon the IP Protocol field. This field is inactive (N/A) unless the value in that field is 6 (TCP protocol). Determine what type of TCP packets to filter, from the following two options: YesFilter match only established TCP connections NoFilter match both initial and established TCP connections (Default) Determine if you want to pass the packet through the next filter rule before an action is taken. Two options are available for this field: Yes No (default) If More is Yes, then Action Matched and Action Not Matched is N/A. Determine if you want to log the results of packets attempting to pass the filter rule. These results are displayed on the System Log (see View Error Log on page 9-4). Seven options are available for this field: NoneNo packets are logged (default). Action MatchedOnly packets that match the rule parameters are logged. Action Not MatchedOnly packets that do not match the rule parameters are logged. BothAll packets are logged. Check Next Rule (default) Forward Drop If the conditions for the filter rule are not met, you can specify what to do with the packet. There are three options for this field: Check Next Rule (default) Forward Drop
Action Matched Action Not Matched

Generic Filter Rule

This section provides information about configuring the protocol-independent parameters for a generic filter rule for your router. Table 10-5 lists the fields in the menu. When you complete Menu 21.1.1 - Generic Filter Rule, press [Enter] at the Press ENTER to Confirm. prompt to confirm your selections. Press [Esc] at any time to cancel your selections. The data entered is displayed on Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary.

Table 10-5.

Field Active Offset
Generic Filter Rule Fields
Description Make the filter rule active (Yes) or inactive (No). Offset refers to the value of the byte that you want to use as your starting offset. That is, in the data packet, at what point do you want to begin the comparison. The range for this field is from 0 to 255. Default = 0. The length, in bytes, of the data in the packet that the router should use for comparison and masking. The starting point of this data is determined by Offset. The range for this field is 0 to 8. Default = 0. Specify (in hexadecimal format) the value that the router should logically qualify and the data in the packet. Because length is given in bytes, enter a hexadecimal number that is twice the specified length for numbers in this field. For example, if length is 4, a valid Mask must have 8 hexadecimal numbers (1155ABF8). Specify (in hexadecimal format ) the value that the router should use to compare with the masked packet. The value should align with Offset. Because length is given in bytes, you need to enter twice the length in hexadecimal numbers for this field. For example, if length is 4, a valid value must have 8 hexadecimal numbers (1155ABF8). If the result from the masked packet matches Value, the packet is considered matched. Determine whether to pass the packet through the next filter rule before an action is taken. There are two options: Yes No (Default) If Yes is selected, Action Matched and Action Not Matched will be N/A.

Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface
If you are unable to access the routers Web Configuration interface from a PC on your local network, check the following:

Troubleshooting

Check the Ethernet connection between your PC and the router as described in the previous section. Make sure your PCs IP address is on the same subnet as the router. If you are using the recommended addressing scheme, your PCs address should be in the range of 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.32. Refer to Verifying TCP/IP Properties (Windows) on page 3-4 or Verifying TCP/IP Properties (Macintosh) on page 3-6 to find your PCs IP address. Follow the instructions in Chapter 3 to configure your PC.
Note: Recent versions of Windows and MacOS will generate and assign an IP address if the computer cannot reach a DHCP server. These auto-generated addresses are in the range of 169.254.x.x. If your IP address is in this range, check the Ethernet connection from the PC to the router and reboot your PC.
Make sure your browser has Java, JavaScript, or ActiveX enabled. If you are using Internet Explorer, click Refresh to be sure the Java applet is loaded. Make sure you are using the correct login information. The factory default login name is admin and the password is 1234. Make sure that CAPS LOCK is off when entering this information. Try quitting the browser and launching it again.
If the router does not save changes you have made in the Web Configuration Interface, check the following: When entering configuration settings, be sure to click the APPLY button before moving to another menu or tab, or your changes are lost. Click the Refresh or Reload button in the Web browser. The changes may have occurred, but the Web browser may be caching the old configuration.
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection
If your router is unable to access the Internet, you should first determine whether the router is able to obtain a WAN IP address from the ISP. Unless you have been assigned a static IP address, your router must request an IP address from the ISP. You can determine whether the request was successful using either the browser interface or the Manager interface. To check the WAN IP address from the browser interface:

Now erase flash ROM for uploading.

Starting XMODEM upload.

From your terminal program, send the binary file romfile0.311 using XMODEM transfer protocol. Wait for the following message:

Programming successful.

Restart the router.

Using FTP

To restore the configuration file over the LAN, you must have an FTP client program. Windows includes an FTP client program that can be accessed using the Start button and Run menu. Other FTP client programs are available through many software retailers and shareware sites. To back up or restore the configuration:
Rename romfile0.311 to rom-0. Establish an FTP connection to the LAN IP address of the router. No login name is necessary. The password is the current Manager password. If you have lost the password, use the serial connection method described in the previous section. The factory default password is 1234.
Use your FTP program to get (back up) or put (restore) the file named rom-0 in the router. Be sure to specify a binary (not ascii) transfer.
Appendix A Technical Specifications
This appendix provides technical specifications for the Model RT311 and RT314 Internet Access Gateway Routers.

General Specifications

Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility
Data and Routing Protocols:
TCP/IP, RIP-1, RIP-2, DHCP PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)

Power Adapter

North America: United Kingdom, Australia: Europe: Japan: All regions (output):
120V, 60 Hz, input 240V, 50 Hz, input 230V, 50 Hz, input 100V, 50/60 Hz, input 12 V DC @ 1.2A output, 30W maximum

Technical Specifications

Physical Specifications

Dimensions: Weight:

Environmental Specifications
253 by 181 by 35 mm 9.95 by 7.1 by 1.4 in. 1.1 kg 2.5 lb. 0 to 40 C 90% maximum relative humidity, noncondensing FCC Part 15 Class B VCCI Class B EN (CISPR 22), Class B
Operating temperature: Operating humidity:
Electromagnetic Emissions

Meets requirements of:

Interface Specifications

LAN: WAN: Manager:

10BASE-T or 100BASE-Tx, RJ-45 10BASE-T, RJ-45 RS-232, DB9F

00001100 00000111

is normally written as:

195.34.12.7

The latter version is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer. In addition, the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts. The first part of the address identifies the network, and the second part identifies the host node or station on the network. The dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application.
There are five standard classes of IP addresses. These address classes have different ways of determining the network and host sections of the address, allowing for different numbers of hosts on a network. Each address type begins with a unique bit pattern, which is used by the TCP/IP software to identify the address class. After the address class has been determined, the software can correctly identify the host section of the address. The follow figure shows the three main address classes, including network and host sections of the address for each address type.

Class A

Network Class B

Network

Class C

Figure B-1.

Three Main Address Classes
The five address classes are: Class A Class A addresses can have up to 16,777,214 hosts on a single network. They use an eight-bit network number and a 24-bit node number. Class A addresses are in this range:

1.x.x.x to 126.x.x.x.

Class B Class B addresses can have up to 65,354 hosts on a network. A Class B address uses a 16-bit network number and a 16-bit node number. Class B addresses are in this range:
128.1.x.x to 191.254.x.x.
Class C Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network. Class C addresses use 24 bits for the network address and eight bits for the node. They are in this range:
192.0.1.x to 223.255.254.x.
Class D Class D addresses are used for multicasts (messages sent to many hosts). Class D addresses are in this range:
224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.
Class E Class E addresses are for experimental use.
This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network. For each unique value of the network portion of the address, the base address of the range (host address of all zeros) is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host. Also, the top address of the range (host address of all ones) is not assigned, but is used as the broadcast address for simultaneously sending a packet to all hosts with the same network address.