Chapter 5: Notes on Speedlight
Red Eye...134 Flash Sync Mode Selector vs. Position...135 Tips on Speedlight Care..About Batteries..138 Specifications..Usable Aperture/Flash Shooting Distance Ranges In TTL Auto And Non-TTL Flash Modes...142
Chapter 2: Before Flash Shooting
WARNING TO AVOID INJURY..20 CAUTION TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE SB-25 SPEEDLIGHT..20 Getting Started SB-25 Set-Up.Selecting Measurement System, Meters or Feet...21 Installing Batteries..Attaching Flash Unit to the Camera Accessory Shoe..Checking Battery Power...23

Page 6

Chapter 1
Introducing the SB-25 Autofocus Speedlight

Page 8

Nomenclature

Built-in diffuser card

Flash head Locks at the front position and the 90 position; tilts up to 90 and down to 7; rotates 90 to the right and 180 to the left. Autofocus assist illuminator LED Enables autofocus operation in dim light or total darkness. Light sensor for Non-TTL Auto Flash operation In Non-TTL Auto Flash operation, be careful not to cover or otherwise obstruct the sensor.
Built-in wide flash adapter
Tilting angle scale Flash head rotating lock release lever

Rotating angle scale

Battery chamber lid Slide and lift to open. Flash head tilting lock release lever Meter/Feet select lever (inside battery chamber)
External power source terminal Accepts power cord of Nikon DC unit SD-8/SD-7. Mounting foot locking wheel Terminal cover Keep terminal covered when not in use. TTL multiple flash terminal For TTL-exposure-control multiple flash operation. Sync/multiple flash terminal For manual-exposure multiple flash operation. LCD panel See page 26. Control buttons See page 26.

Mount pin

Battery chamber Accepts four 1.5V AA-type penlight batteries, either 1.5V alkaline-manganese or 1.2V NiCd batteries (voltage for NiCd batteries varies depending on manufacturer; maximum permitted is 1.5V).

Hot-shoe contacts

Adjusting Flash Head To Horizontal/Front Position
In normal shooting situations, the flash head should face straight forward, tilted in the horizontal position. A tilted/rotated head can be used for special techniques such as close-ups or bounce flash photography.
Tilting/Rotating flash head to a position other than horizontal and straight forward Downward-tilted flash head (-7 position) is used for taking pictures of subjects at a distance of less than 1.5m (approx. 5 ft.). When the head is set at this position, the distance indicator bars blink. An upward-tilted and/or rotated flash head is used for bounce flash photography. When the head is set this way, the distance indicator bars do not appear, to show the distance indication function is not available. See Diffusing Light To Soften Harsh Shadows, pages 119 to 123, for information on bounce flash photography.
Tilt the flash head to the horizontal, until it click-stops.
The flash head locks both at the horizontal, facing straightforward (0 degree), and at the vertical, facing straight-up (90 degrees). To release from the locked position, slide the lock release lever in the > direction, then, while holding the lever, tilt the flash head.
Adjust the flash head so it faces straight forward check that it is not rotated to the right or left. To unlock from the forward position, slide the lock release lever in P direction, then, while holding the lever, rotate flash head to either the right or left.
Confirm indicator bars appear in the flash shooting distance scale (LCD panel). Bars do not appear or will blink if the flash head is not set horizontal and straight ahead. If indicator bars do not appear in the LCD panel at all, check whether the camera is turned on. If it is, lightly press the shutter release button. If not, turn on the camera, then lightly press the shutter release button. Indicator bars appear for eight seconds once activated (they disappear after eight seconds). Lightly pressing the shutter release button causes the bars to reappear.

Page 26

Chapter 2 Adjustment Functions
Using LCD Panel For Shooting-Distance Computation
Note: All LCD (liquid crystal display) figures and marks do not appear simultaneously, as shown below. They are shown together for ease of explanation.
Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment)
Flash mode selector for Non-TTL Auto Flash exposure control for Manual Flash exposure control for repeating flash for TTL Auto Flash exposure control Exposure compensation indicator Underexposure indicator

TTL Auto Flash

Mode: For F90-Series/N90 Users
TTL Auto Flash Mode: See pages For N90/F90 Users For F4-Series, F-801/N8008, and F-801s/N8000s Users For F-601/N6006 and F-601M/N6000 Users For F-401x/N5005 Users For F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users For F-401/N4004 and F-401s/N4004s Users For FA, FE2, FG and Nikonos V users 76 79

Choosing A Flash Method

The SB-25 enables you to perform any of the following fully automatic fill-flash functions, or choose Standard TTL Flash. (Functions are described in detail on pages 10 to 13.): 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash Center-Weighted Fill-Flash Spot Fill-Flash Use the chart at right to confirm which flash method you will perform with the lens in use and metering system set on the camera. In most cases, the lens/meter combination determines the flash method. If you have extra lens(es), you may be able to select a particular flash method. For example, by replacing a D-Type AF Nikkor with an AI-P lens, you can switch from 3D MultiSensor to Multi-Sensor Fill-Flash. By using the SB-25s button, you can perform Standard TTL Flash (except for P and Ps exposure modes), regardless of lens type. Flash Methods: F90-Series/N90 Settings and Lenses
Lens in Use 1) Cameras Metering System Cameras Exposure Mode Programmed auto (P, Ps) 4) D-Type Shutter-priority auto (S) AF Nikkor Aperture-priority auto (A) Lenses Manual (M) Programmed auto (P, Ps) 4) AF Nikkor Shutter-priority auto (S) lenses 2) AI-P lens- Aperture-priority auto (A) es Manual (M) Other lenses 3) Aperture-Priority auto (A) 5) Manual (M) 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash Matrix CenterWeighted Spot
Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash
Center-Weighted Fill-Flash

Spot FillFlash

Flash Methods in TTL Auto Flash Mode 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash Center-Weighted Fill-Flash Spot Fill-Flash Standard TTL Flash
1) Suitable lenses and use depend on camera; see instruction manual for information. 2) Except D-Type and AF Nikkor lenses for F3AF. 3) You can not use the Ps mode as the shutter locks. 4) Only 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced or Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash can be button cannot be performed; Standard TTL Flash is not available and the used. 5) Exposure mode (P or S) automatically shifts to aperture-priority auto (A), and the mode indication blinks in the cameras LCD panel; set desired aperture manually.

Check the charts on page 48 to determine which flash is available and appropriate before actual shooting. Note that the following instructions describe a situation where you are using either a D-type Nikkor, an AF Nikkor (except for F3AF) or an AI-P lens. With any other lens, Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash will be performed. Before proceeding: ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA. TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA. USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S) OR MANUAL FOCUS (M). USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE MODE. USE A FILM BETWEEN ISO 25 TO ISO 1000.
Flash Methods with F-601/N6006
Cameras Metering System Lens in Use 1) Cameras Exposure Mode Matrix Programmed auto (PM, P) Shutter-priority auto (S) Aperture-priority auto (A) Manual (M) Aperture-priority auto (A) CenterWeighted
Flash Methods with F-601M/N6000
Cameras Metering System Lens in Use 1) Spot Programmed auto (PM, P) Shutter-priority auto (S) Aperture-priority auto (A) Manual (M) Aperture-priority auto (A) Cameras Exposure Mode Matrix CenterWeighted
AF Nikkor lenses 2) AI-P lenses Other lenses
Center-Weighted Fill- Spot FillFlash Flash 3)
1) Suitable lenses and use depend on the camera; see instruction manual for information. 2) Except AF lenses for F3AF cameras.
3) Matrix metering system automatically shifts to Center-Weighted, indicated by a blinking mark in the cameras LCD panel. Only Center-Weighted Fill-Flash is available.
Automatic Balanced Fill-Flash button To operate any of the fully automatic fill-flash functions (Matrix Balanced, Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash), use the cameras MODE/ button so that appears in the cameras LCD panel. To activate Standard TTL Flash, use the same button again so that the in the LCD panel disappears. The SB-25s and buttons cannot be used in either of the above cases for flash method selection. Also, the mark does not appear in the SB-25s LCD panel.

Page 50

Setting Up SB-25 Setting Up Your Camera
Mode: For F-601/N6006 and F-601M/N6000 Users
2 Flash sync mode selector at

NORMAL

1 Flash mode selector at TTL Auto
Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm in the LCD panel. Choose tor). position* (flash sync mode selec-

3 ISO speed 10 Aperture

value of film in use
* For SLOW SYNC FLASH or REAR-CURTAIN SYNC FLASH, perform the settings on the camera; setting priorities are determined by the camera and flash sync mode selections on the SB-25 will be ignored.
To perform Matrix Balanced, Center-Weighted or Spot Fill-Flash, use the MODE/ button, and confirm the mark in the LCD panel. To perform Standard TTL Flash, use the MODE/ button, and confirm the mark disappears from the LCD panel. Select one of the following exposure modes: a. Programmed auto (either PM or P) b. Shutter-priority auto (S) c. Aperture-priority auto (A) d. Manual exposure mode (M) Select a metering system: a. Matrix metering system to perform Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash. b. Center-Weighted metering system to perform Center-Weighted Fill-Flash. c. With the F-601/N6006, Spot metering system to perform Spot Fill Flash. d. Any metering system can be chosen to perform Standard TTL Flash.

at TTL Auto

2 Flash sync
Select one of the following exposure modes: a. Programmed auto (P), shutter-priority auto (S) or aperture-priority auto (A) to perform Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash. b. Manual exposure mode to perform CenterWeighted Fill-Flash. Perform other settings: a. For shutter-priority auto, set desired shutter speed*. b. For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture. c. For manual exposure mode, set desired shutter speed* and aperture.
* Since TTL Auto Flash operation can be performed regardless of the flash sync mode selector setting, for simplicity, always leave the switch at this position.

3 ISO speed 8 Aperture

Set ISO speed of the film in use. Usable speeds are ISO 25 to ISO 1000. For instruction, see Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment), pages 27 to 28. Set the built-in zoom head position.

Page 60

Confirm Settings
Warning indications Selected Viewfinder exposure LED mode No Programmed indication auto + or + R Shutterpriority auto R R or Status/cause Background is overexposed. OK: Background is correctly exposed Background is underexposed Background is overexposed OK: Background is correctly exposed Background is underexposed Background is overexposed OK: Background is correctly exposed Background is underexposed Troubleshooting Select faster shutter speed until only R appears. Select slower shutter speed until only R appears. Select smaller aperture until only R appears. Select larger aperture until only R appears. Select faster shutter speed or smaller aperture. Select slower shutter speed or larger aperture. 61
Mode: For F-401x/N5005 Users
Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly press the shutter release button. Confirm exposure indicator LEDs (+, R, ) in the viewfinder appear, and make adjustments if necessary. Use the following chart to read LEDs.
+ or + R Aperturepriority auto R R or + or + R Manual R R or
Set aperture in the SB-25s LCD panel*, then read the shooting distance range. For instruction, see Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment), pages 28 to 29. In aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode, set the aperture value that you have set on the camera (from step 6). In programmed auto or shutter-priority auto exposure mode, aperture is automatically controlled by the camera. Choose and set a value, using the Guide to determining aperture in the following page. Once aperture is set, indicator bars show the shooting distance range.

* This operation is important for reading the appropriate shooting distance from the indicator bars (step 9); setting a wrong aperture value on the SB-25 does not affect all TTL Auto Flash operations a shot will be taken with the aperture set on the camera.
Check whether subject falls within the range of the shooting distance indicator bars in the SB-25s LCD panel. If not, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture (when aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode), then repeat steps 8 and 9.

Page 62

Firing Flash Guide to determining aperture Use these suggestions as a guide. To choose a suitable aperture, select aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode.
In programmed auto For subjects backlit by the sun For outdoor subjects on a sunny day For outdoor subjects on a cloudy day, in shadows, or for indoor subjects In shutter-priority auto For subjects backlit by the sun For outdoor subjects on a sunny day For outdoor subjects on a cloudy day in shadows For indoor subjects f/16 at 1/125 sec. f/8 at 1/125 sec. f/5.6 at 1/125 sec. f/5.6 at 1/30 sec f/16 f/8 f/5.6
Confirm ready-light has come on and subject is in focus. Confirm ready-light is on in the camera viewfinder or on the SB-25. Check whether subject is in focus by using the in-focus indicator I in the cameras viewfinder.
Usable maximum apertures in programmed auto or shutter priority auto Choose an aperture that does not exceed the maximum possible aperture for the film in use, as given below. ISO film speed Maximum aperture 25 f/400 f/f/9.f/10
If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after shooting, the flash has fired at its maximum output but the light may have been insufficient. Reconfirm shooting distance and, if necessary, move closer to subject or select a wider aperture (in aperture-priority auto or manual exposure mode) to compensate underexposure.

f/4.7 f/5.6 f/6.7

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Chapter 3 TTL Auto Flash Mode: For F-501/N2020 and F-301/N2000 Users
The SB-25 lets you choose between Programmed TTL Auto Flash or Standard TTL Flash in TTL Auto flash mode. Use the charts at right to confirm available flash/exposure mode combinations. Programmed TTL Auto Flash By setting the cameras exposure mode to a programmed auto setting (either P DUAL , P or P HI ), you can choose Programmed TTL Auto Flash. In Programmed TTL Auto Flash, the camera automatically selects a shutter speed of 1/125 sec. and a controlled aperture that corresponds to the ISO speed of the film in use (see chart on page 68). Flash output is regulated by the Speedlight to ensure a correct subject exposure. This enables you to concentrate on picture composition without worrying about exposure settings (including aperture). You can also perform Standard TTL Flash with the camera set at aperture-priority auto (A) or manual exposure mode. In Standard TTL Flash, the Speedlight controls the flash output level to correctly expose the subject. Shutterspeed and/or aperture setting(s) can be selected by the user. TTL Auto flash mode F-301/N2000

selector at Non-TTL Auto

Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm appears in the LCD panel. Choose position (flash sync mode selector*).

3 ISO film

speed in use and zoom-head position
position is used for Rear-Curtain Sync Flash, and only with the F90-Series/N90, F4Series, F-801/N8008, and F-801s/N8008s. For details, see page 105.

4 Aperture

Set ISO film speed and position the built-in zoom head. For instructions, see Setting ISO Film Speed (Manual Adjustment), pages 27 to 28, and Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment), pages 29 to 30.
Set desired aperture in the SB-25s LCD panel, then set again on the camera. For instructions, see Setting Aperture Value (Manual Adjustment), pages 28 to 29. Indicator bars show a appropriate shooting distance range.
APPLICABLE NIKON SLR MODELS F90-Series/N90 F4-Series F-801/N8008 F-801s/N8008s F-601/N6006 F-601M/N6000 F-401x/N5005
F-501/N2020 F-301/N2000 F-401/N4004 F-401s/N4004s FA FE2 FG
Nikonos V F3-Series F2-Series FM2 FG-20
5 Appears when flash is fully charged and ready
to fire. Push for test firing. Blinks after firing indicates possible underexposure.

Page 82

Chapter 3 Non-TTL Auto Flash Mode
F90-Series/N90s viewfinder
Push button for a test firing (see page 110) when you are not sure whether subject is within the flash shooting range. If ready-light blinks for a few seconds after test firing, flash has fired at its maximum output but light might not have been sufficient. Select a wider aperture or move closer to subject.
Look into the camera viewfinder, compose and lightly the press shutter release button to confirm that subject is in focus. Check that ready-light is on in the cameras viewfinder or on the SB-25.
Exposure compensation Exposure compensation in Non-TTL Auto Flash mode is achieved by purposely setting a different aperture value on the camera (actually on the lens in most cases) than on the SB-25. Use an aperture 1/3 to one stop smaller for an entirely dark background (low reflectance). For backgrounds that include a highly reflective object, use an aperture 1/3 to one stop larger. Note that shooting distance range indication corresponds to the aperture value set on the SB-25 not on the camera. In general, you may want to take a series of pictures using exposure bracketing.

button to choose desired light output.
You can choose an amount ranging from full power (1/1) to one sixty-fourth (1/64). LCD indications change as: -. With the F90-Series/N90, indication , and then will appear after. At the same time, appears next to. This applies exclusively to FP High-Speed Sync Flash and is discussed in the following pages (see pages 98 to 103).
Fine light-output adjustment: F90-Series/N90 with AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU Additionally, you can manipulate light output in finer increments of 1/3, as long as light output is set between and. Press button and confirm appears in the SB-25s LCD panel. By pressing button, you can increase the light amount by +1/3 (blinking below the mark), by +2/3 (blinking ), or by +1 (blinking ). To decrease, use in the same manner; blinking numbers change from (by -1/3) to (by -2/3) to (by -1).
Automatic aperture adjustment: F90-Series/ N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, or F-801s/ N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a built-in CPU The aperture in use and an indicator bar are automatically indicated in the SB-25s LCD panel. With other lenses, you must operate manually and follow steps 6, 7 and 8. To skip steps 6, 7 and 8, check that subject is standing at the location suggested by the LCDs measurement scale. If not, change aperture by turning the lens aperture ring to adjust the bar.
For aperture-priority auto, set desired aperture on the camera. For manual exposure mode, set desired aperture and shutter speed* on the camera.
Using guide number Guide number is helpful to calculate exact flash shooting distance in manual flash operation. For details, see Guide Number To Calculate a Proper Aperture, page 118, and Specification, page 139.

Page 88

Synchronization in Continuous Shooting
If necessary, press or button to reset the indicator bar so it points to the measurement scale that matches or nearly equals the actual flash-to-subject distance (can be read from lens barrel). Manipulating indication bar causes the aperture value in the LCD panel to change.
The SB-25 is able to recycle fast enough to synchronize with a motor-driven camera firing continuously at up to six frames per sec. at 1/64 light output. This means you can take up to 40 flash pictures in rapid succession. Batteries must be fresh to achieve the rates indicated.
Caution Let the flash unit rest at least 10 minutes after continuous firing at a maximum number (see the chart), to allow it to cool off. Overuse generates heat that could shorten the Speedlights life.
Safety range in continuous firing Flash mode Max. number 15 at full (1/1) or 1/2 light output, 40 at 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 or 1/64 light output
Set the same aperture value in the SB-25s LCD panel.
On the camera, reset the aperture value obtained in the previous step (the aperture that corresponds to the actual flash-to-subject distance). You have now completed all necessary adjustments for locating the subject within an appropriate shooting distance range for the predetermined light output and aperture. Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly press the shutter release button to confirm that subject is in focus. Check that ready-light is on in the cameras viewfinder or on the SB-25. Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.

Continuous firing in Manual Flash Batteries Optional external power source
mode Number of continuous flash (frames) More than 4 More than 8 More than 16 More than 30 More than 6 More than 10 More than 40 More than 40 More than 5 More than 10 More than 20 More than 40 More than 5 More than 10 More than 30 More than 40
TTL Auto Non-TTL Auto Manual Flash

Inside SB-25

Light output
For instruction, see Setting Aperture Values (Manual Adjustment), pages 28 to 29. An indicator bar appears to show appropriate shooting distance for the selected aperture.
AA-type alkalinemanganese (four sets)
AA-type NiCd (four sets) 88
SD-8 (when used with NiCd batteries)

Page 90

Mode For Multiple Exposure
For multiple flash exposures on a single frame, use the SB-25 in the mode. The flash can be fired up to to 160 times on one frame, and if used in conjunction with the camera bodys multiple exposure control, many more flash can be achieved on the same frame. When making multiple exposures, there are many factors to consider. You may want to experiment before making the final exposure. Before proceeding: ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA. TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA. USE MANUAL EXPOSURE MODE. USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANUAL FOCUS (M). USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE MODE.

at Repeating Flash

5 Flash
speed per sec. (in hertz)

3 Zoomhead position

Choose position (flash mode selector). Confirm and appear in the LCD panel. Choose tor*). position (flash sync mode selec-
position is only used for Rear-Curtain Sync Flash in TTL Auto , Nonand Manual Flash, and only with the F90-Series/N90, F4TTL Auto Series, F-801/N8008, and F-801s/N8008s. For details, see page 105.

8 Aperture

Set the built-in zoom head position.
Automatic zoom-head position adjustment: F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008, or F-801s/N8008s used with an AF Nikkor lens (including the latest D-Type) or Nikkor lens having a builtin CPU The zoom-head position in use is automatically set and indicated in the SB-25s LCD panel. For other lenses, set manually according to the shooting situation. See Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment), pages 29 and 30.
For instructions, see Setting Zoom-Head Position (Manual Adjustment), pages 29 to 30. Press button to choose desired light output.
You can choose an amount ranging from one eighth of full power (1/8) to one sixty-fourth (1/64). LCD indications change as: -.

* The aperture indicated by the LCD provides a correct exposure with the very first flash, whereas overlapped images are illuminated from the second flash on. It is advisable to take a few additional shots at different apertures (exposure bracketing).
If necessary, press or button to reset the indicator bar so it points at the measurement scale that matches or nearly equals the actual flash-to-subject distance (can be read this from the lens barrel). Manipulating the indication bar causes aperture value in the LCD panel to change. Reset aperture value on the camera.
Look into camera viewfinder, compose and lightly press the shutter release button to confirm that subject is in focus. Check that ready-light is on in the cameras viewfinder or on the SB-25. Fully depress shutter release button to fire flash.
Use an aperture one or two stops smaller than the LCD panel indicates. This will prevent overexposure for overlapping images (minus exposure compensation).*
* Subject will be correctly exposed with the very first flash, but successive overlapping images (form the second flash on) will not be properly exposed, unless you perform minus exposure compensation as indicated in steps 9 and 10. We recommend you take a few additional shots at different apertures (exposure bracketing).
Background brightness and subject overlap Use as dark a background material as possible (e.g., black curtain or cloth). If the overlapping exposed images are too weak or too strong, try repositioning subject at the location suggested by the indicator bar (or adjust indicator bar). Conditions vary for each situation try experimenting.

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Chapter 4
Flash-Shooting Applications

Page 98

FP High-Speed Sync Flash Flash Photography At Higher Shutter
Unlike other Nikon SLR models the F90-Series/N90 camera and the SB-25 allow you to use faster shutter speeds up to 1/4000 sec. for flash synchronization. Ordinarily the flash fires only when the curtains are fully opened in regular flash syncs. With FP High-Speed Sync Flash, the flash consecutively emits light at an extremely rapid cycle, while the shutter curtains travel to expose the entire film surface but the curtains are never fully opened (i.e. exposure with a slit). By using a high-speed shutter and flash simultaneously, you can create light flow from a rapidly moving subject. In outdoor photography, it also enables you to use both a wider aperture and a faster shutter speed to achieve a shallower depth of field and purposely blur the subjects background. Note that a guide number for FP High-Speed Sync Flash varies with the selected shutter speed and it is smaller than for regular flash synchronization (i.e. smaller light output). Furthermore, we recommend you use shutter speeds between 1/250 and 1/4000 sec. to avoid uneven exposure. Before proceeding: ATTACH SPEEDLIGHT TO CAMERA. TURN ON BOTH SPEEDLIGHT AND CAMERA. USE MANUAL EXPOSURE MODE. USE SINGLE-SERVO AUTOFOCUS (S or A) OR MANUAL FOCUS (M). USE SINGLE-FRAME SHOOTING (S) FILM ADVANCE MODE.

Speedlight coefficients SB-25 (1) SB-24 (1) SB-23 (4) SB-22 (6) SB-20 (9) SB-19 (2) SB-18 (16) SB-17 (4) SB-15 (4) SB-14 (1) SB-12 (1) SB-11 (1) SB-21 (4) SB-16 (4)
Use the sync/multiple flash terminal for connection with other Speedlights via optional sync cords. Use optional Sync Cord SC-11 or SC-15. Set and use Manual for correct exposure. Flash mode on each Speedlight
Speedlights for TTL multiple flash photography Master Slave SB-25, SB-24, SB-23, SB-22, SB-21B, SB-20, SB-18, SB-16B or SB-15 SB-25, SB-24, SB-22, SB-21B, SB-20, SB-18, SB-17, SB-16A, SB-16B and/or SB-15 129

Page 130

System Chart for TTL Multiple Flash
Note: The SB-11, SB-14, SB-140 cannot be used with the F-401/N4004 or F-401s/ N4004s either as a master or slave unit.

SC-14 SB-21A

Slave flash unit

SC-23 SB-21B

Using SC-18 or SC-19, up to five flash units can be used for multiple flash photography, at a total length of 10m (33 ft.).

SC-18 SC-19 SB-14140

SB-16A

SB-11 SB-15 SB-16B

F3-Series

SB-17 SB-11

SC-18 SC-19

DA-20 DP-20

Master flash unit
SB-21B SB-20 SC-23 SB-14140 AS-10 SB-22 SB-24 SB-25

F90-Series/N90

SC-18 (1.5m/4.9 ft.) SC-19 (3m/9.8 ft.)
F-801/N8008, F-801s/N8008s
F-601/N6006, F-601M/N6000

F-501/ N2020

F-401/N4004, F-401s/ N4004, F-401x/N5005

SB-15 SB-16B

SB-16A AS-10 SB-23 SB-16B

F-301/N2000

SB-24 SB-25

Nikonos V

V-Type Sync Cord

AS-10 AS-10

Precaution for SC-19/ SC-18 connection Neither of these cords should be used for connecting one camera/ Speedlight combination to another.

Page 132

Accessories for TTL Multiple Flash
TTL Remote Cord SC-17 Use coiled cord SC-17 for TTL Auto Flash operation when using the SB-25 off the Nikon F90-Series/N90, F4-Series (with DP-20 or DA-20), F-801/ N8008, F-801s/N8008s, F-601/N6006, F-601 M /N6000, F-401x/N5005, F-501/ N2020, F-301/N2000, F-401/N4004, F-401s/N4004s, FA, FE2 and FG cameras. The SC-17 provides automatic sync speed setting and the same ready-light viewfinder indication as if the flash unit were directly mounted on the camera. The SC-17 comes with two TTL multiple flash terminals and one tripod socket. It is approx. 1.5m (4.9 ft.) long. TTL Remote Cord SC-24 Use SC-24, for TTL Auto Flash operation when using the SB-25 off a Nikon F4-Series camera fitted either with a 6x High-Magnification Finder DW-21 or Waist-Level Finder DW-20. The SC-24 comes with two TTL multiple flash terminals and one tripod socket. It is approx. 1.5m (4.9 ft.) long. TTL Multi-Flash Adapter AS-10 Use Multi-Flash Adapter AS-10 when using more than three units for TTL multiple flash operation. The AS-10 comes with three multiple flash terminals and one tripod socket. (Requires SC-18 or SC-19 for each flash use.) TTL Multi-Flash Sync Cord SC-18 and SC-19 To connect the flash unit for TTL multiple flash operation, use Sync Cord SC-18 or SC-19. The SC-18 is approx. 1.5m (4.9 ft.) long; the SC-19, 3m (9.8 ft.) long.

Chapter 5

SC-17 SC-24

Notes on Speedlight

Page 134

Red Eye

Red eye is a common problem in flash photography. Normally, flash pictures are taken when the surroundings light is dim, and under such conditions the subjects eye pupils will be dilated (open very wide). Red-eye effect occurs when light from the cameras flash reflects off the interior of the eye and back into the cameras lens. The wide-open pupil allows much light to enter, and as a result, the center portions of a subjects eyes can appear bright red (white in a black and white picture). It is interesting to note that the intensity of the red-eye effect varies among individuals, and with two people in the same photograph, one may have red-eye and the other may not. The appearance of red-eye is also based on the angle at which the light flash on the subject and is reflected back to the cameras lens. If the angle is 2 to 2.5 degrees or narrower, red-eye will occur. As you move closer to a subject, the angle becomes wider, and the likelihood of red-eye effect decreases. As you move farther from a subject, the angle narrows and the incidence of red-eye increases. When you get very far from a subject, the size of the eye in the picture may become so small that red-eye is not apparent, but when you switch to a lens with a longer focal length the redeye will become more apparent. Angle of reflection vs. distance to subject

Flash Sync Mode Selector

The SB-25 is capable of synchronizing flash output with shutter curtain movement, for either the front (first) curtain or rear (second) curtain. At position, the Speedlight synchronizes flash output at the moment the front curtain has fully opened (at the end of front curtain movement) but before the rear curtain has started to travel. This is called frontcurtain sync flash, and is the most popular sync method in flash photography. At position, the unit synchronizes the flash to the instant before the rear curtain starts to close (the end of film exposure). Therefore, it is called rear-curtain sync flash. The position can be chosen to create special effects, and is most effective for freezing a moving subject at the end of a light flow, especially in flash photography at a slow shutter speed.

Position

For F90-Series/N90, F4-Series, F-801/N8008 and F-801s/ N8008s Users: Front-curtain sync is performed at setting. Rear-Curtain Sync flash is performed at setting. For F-601/N6006 and F-601M/N6000 Users: The sync mode, whether front- or rear-curtain, or slow or not, must be set on the camera. The selection is executed regardless of the SB-25s selector position. Therefore, we recommend you leave the selector switch on the position in any circumstances. For F-401x/N5005, F-501/N2020, F-301/N2000, F-401/ N4004, F-401s/ N4004s, FA, FE2, FG, Nikonos V, F3Series, F2-Series, FM2 and FG-20 Users: Front-curtain sync is performed at either or setting. These models are not capable of rear-curtain sync. Therefore, regardless of circumstances, we recommend you leave the selector switch on position.

A narrow angle of reflection (: less than 2.5) increases the likelihood of red eye.
It is sometimes possible to reduce red-eye effect by moving closer to the subject, or the right or left, thereby increasing the angle of reflection.

Page 136

Tips on Speedlight Care
To remove smudges, wipe with a silicon-treated or other soft, dry cloth. Never use thinner, benzine or alcohol they might damage plastic parts.
Never disassemble or repair the Speedlight. If the SB-25 malfunctions, take it immediately to an authorized Nikon dealer or service center.
Keep the SB-25 away from salt water and out of the rain.
Keep the SB-25 away from high temperatures, and do not store in a damp place.
When not using the SB-25, remove batteries to avoid damage due to battery leakage. If leakage occurs, take the SB-25 to your nearest Nikon dealer.
When not using the SB-25, perform the following once a month: 1. Install batteries, turn on the SB-25. 2. Wait until the ready-light comes on. 3. Fire flash a few times to refresh the main capacitor and lengthen the units life. 4. Turn off the SB-25, and remove the batteries.

Page 138

About Batteries
New batteries Purchase the newest (freshest) batteries possible. Temperature Battery life ratings are based on operation at 20C (68F). Especially at a lower temperature, battery life is shortened. Keep spare batteries and if possible, use NiCd batteries. Continuous use Batteries are drained more quickly by continuous use than by intermittent use. Storage Store batteries in a cool, dry place, below 20C (68F). Battery brand Do not mix battery brands or models, or new and old batteries. Disposal Do not dispose of batteries by burning, and never disassemble batteries. NiCd batteries Compared with regular batteries, NiCd batteries offer a faster recycling time and greater efficiency at low temperatures. Before charging NiCd batteries, thoroughly read the instructions for the batteries and battery charger. Batteries with a + terminal that exceeds 6mm (0.23) in diameter cannot be used.
138 Maximum consecutive firing SB-25 Flash mode TTL Auto Flash Non-TTL Auto Flash Manual Flash 15 (at full or 1/2 power) 40 (at 1/4 power or less) 15 Maximum number of flash SD-8 SD-(at full or 1/2 power) 40 (at 1/4 power or less) 15

Specifications

DC Units SD-8/SD-7 Nikon DC Unit SD-8 or SD-7 can be used as an optional external power source to enhance flash capacity and provide faster recycling time. To use the DC Unit, connect its power cord SC-16 to the SB-25s external power terminal. Even when powered with the DC Unit, the SB-25 still requires batteries inside the flash unit. Do not remove the batteries. In continuous shooting with the DC Unit, to prevent flash head deterioration caused by heat, do not exceed the maximum number of flash listed below. It is recommended to rest for more than 10 minutes after firing near the maximum numbers. All performance data are for normal-temperature operation (20 C/68 F). Electronic construction: Automatic Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) and series circuitry. Guide number (at ISO 100: for m/ft.):

Preparation

TTL Auto Flash t Mode
The built-in TTL auto flash sensor in cameras so equipped measures the illumination provided by the SB-22s that is reflected back from the subject. This measurement is made through-the-lens and when the light is sufficient to ensure proper exposure, the camera sends a signal to the SB-22s to stop firing. TTL Auto Flash TTL mode* provides simple and effective flash operation, recommended for users with little experience with flash. Cameras usable in the TTL Auto Flash mode
F5 F70-Series/N70*1 F-601/N6006*1 F-301/N2000*2 F4-Series F65-Series/N65-Series*1 F-601M/N6000*1 FM3A F100 F60-Series/N60*1 F-501/N2020*2 FA F90X/N90s*1 F50-Series/N50*1 F-401x/N5005*1 FE2 F90-Series/N90*1 F-801s/N8008s*1 F-401s/N4004s*1 FG F80-Series/N80-Series*1 F-801/N8008*1 F-401/N4004*1 Pronea 600i/6i*1 Nikonos V

Non-TTL Auto Flash Mode

The SB-22ss built-in sensor measures the flash illumination reflected back from the subject, automatically controlling the flash output to give you the correct exposure. This is called the Non-TTL Auto Flash A mode. A choice of four shooting apertures at A1 to A4 are available, covering a variety of shooting distances.

Manual Flash Mode

In this mode, the flash always fires at full output. Manual flash photography is recommended when shooting subjects in which the correct exposure is difficult to obtain in the TTL or Non-TTL Auto Flash mode or when you want to exercise your creative preferences.
Set the SB-22ss POWER switch to OFF, then slide down the battery chamber lid in the direction of the arrow and lift it off.
10 m 0.6 0.9 1.3 ft N 35 mm

READY JAPAN

SB-22s

Instruction Manual

BOUNCE

OFF ON STBY

mode 1 Set your cameras exposuresystem to Aperture-priority auto (A) or Manual (M). Set your cameras metering to any setting.
For Nikon FM3A, New FM2 and FM10 cameras, manually set the shutter speed to the flash sync shutter speed or slower. For other cameras, the shutter speed is automatically set to the flash sync speed. (You can intentionally set the shutter speed to one slower than the flash sync speed.) Refer to your cameras instruction manual for details.

GN(ISO100) 28(m) 92(ft)

Install four penlight batteries following the + and symbols inside the chamber. Reattach the battery chamber lid by aligning the indices on the lid and flash unit and sliding it up as far as it will go.

T1F1000601(S855)11

*1 Sold exclusively in the USA. *2 Sold exclusively in the USA and Canada. TTL Auto Flash TTL mode is not possible with Nikon F3-Series except with the AS-17 attached, New FM2, FM10, FE10 and D1 Series cameras. Use the Non-TTL Auto Flash A mode or Manual M Flash mode instead. If cameras ready-light LED keeps blinking, the camera is not ready for TTL Auto Flash mode. Confirm that the shutter speed is not set to M250, M90, or B). * Depending on the Nikon camera and lens, or finder in use, either one of the following TTL flash operations is possible: Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash, Matrix Balanced Fill-Flash, Center-Weighted FillFlash/Spot Fill-Flash, Programmed TTL Auto Flash, or Standard TTL Flash. For more details on TTL flash operation, refer to your cameras instruction manual. 3D Multi-Sensor Balanced Fill-Flash is not possible, because the SB-22s has no Monitor Preflash function.
Set the SB-22ss mode selector to either A1, A2, A3 or A4 depending on the aperture selected that brings the subject within the flash shooting distance range. The illuminated f-number shown in the window at left is the aperture you should use.

SPEEDLIGHT SB-22s

A M TTL A A A A
2 Set the flash mode selector to M. shooting distance and 3 Determine thethe shooting distance onfollow the appropriate vertical lineone upward from the distance scale until it meets
of the distance range indicators. Then follow the flash shooting distance range indicator horizontally and you will find the appropriate apertures. Set the appropriate aperture on the camera or lens aperture ring.

A M TTL

Set your camera. (Refer to your camera instruction manual for details.)
Four penlight batteries of any of the following types may be used: AA-type zinc-carbon AA-type alkaline-manganese AA-type NiCd (rechargeable) AA-type Ni-MH (Nickel-Metal Hydride) (rechargeable) AA-type (1.5V) lithium For more information on batteries, refer to Notes on Batteries.
Set the flash mode selector on the SB-22s to TTL.

Foreword

Congratulations. You are now the proud owner of the Nikon Autofocus Speedlight SB-22s, a flash unit offering compact design and easy operation. With a powerful flash output (GN 28 at ISO 100, m), the SB-22s can be used not only for shooting in dimly lit interiors or outside at night, but for daylight fill-in flash. The SB-22s features three flash modes: TTL Auto, Non-TTL Auto, and Manual. In the Non-TTL Auto mode, you have a choice of four shooting apertures at A1, A2, A3 and A4. Other advanced flash capabilities include Bounce, Close-up, and Multiple Flash. To get the most out of your new flash unit, please read this manual before use. Make some test shots Before taking important flash photographs, make some test shots to ascertain the SB-22s is working properly. Use only Nikon-approved equipment The SB-22s is designed for use with Nikon cameras, lenses, and accessories. Using cameras or accessories other than those specified by Nikon may damage the SB-22s. Nikon cannot be held responsible for malfunctions caused by using the SB-22s in ways not specified in this manual, or using the SB-22s with a camera made by another manufacturer.

CAUTION

When replacing batteries, replace all four batteries at the same time, do not mix battery types or brands, do not use old with new batteries, and never reverse the polarity of the batteries when installing. Otherwise, the batteries may catch on fire or explode, due to the possible leakage of corrosive liquids. In the event that corrosive liquids do seep from the batteries, avoid touching the liquids. Certain types of batteries contain strong alkaline liquids. If the alkaline liquids stick to your skin or clothes, wash immediately with running water.
Set your cameras exposure mode to Programmed auto (P), Aperture-priority auto (A), or Manual (M) mode. 200 (Shutter-priority auto (S) mode is not recommended, because setting an appropriate aperture to match the shooting distance is difficult.) Set your cameras metering system to Matrix Metering, N 35 mm Center-Weighted Metering, or Spot Metering. OFF ON STBY FLASH READY BOUNCE The shutter speed is automatically set to the flash sync speed. (Or you can intentionally set the shutter JAPAN speed to one slower than the flash sync speed.) Because the SB-22s features the same TTL flash operations as those of the SB-15 and SB-22, refer to those items corresponding to SB-15 or SB-22 in the flash photography section of your cameras instruction manual, if the SB-22s is not listed.
2 2.5.m 0.6 0.9 1.3 ft 30 40

N 35 mm

2 2.5.22
Loosen the SB-22ss mounting foot lock nut. Slide the SB-22s into the cameras accessory shoe and tighten the lock nut.
the 3 Wait fortakingready-light to come on and make sure the subject is in focus before the picture.
If the ready-light blinks for approx. 3 seconds after shooting, this indicates the light may have been insufficient for correct exposure. In this case, use a wider aperture (smaller f-number) or move closer to the subject. You can also check if the subject will receive the correct exposure by test firing the SB-22s. Refer to Checking the Correct Exposure.
For example, if the flash-to-subject distance is 5m (16.4 ft.), set the flash mode selector to A4 (f/2.8), A3 (f/4) or A2 (f/5.6) when using ISO 100 film with the angle of coverage adjusted to N-35mm. Underexposure may occur if A1 (f/8) is selected. Using an aperture wider than the maximum aperture of the lens in use is not recommended. To determine the correct flash shooting distance range and aperture, refer to Checking the Correct Exposure.
same aperture as indicated 3 Set thepanel on your camera or lenson the aperture/shooting distance range aperture ring.
To set the aperture on Zoom-Nikkor lenses having variable maximum apertures, refer to Setting Apertures on Zoom-Nikkor Lenses having Variable Maximum Apertures.

Ready-light comes on.

Do not use the standby function: If the SB-22s is mounted on Nikon F3-series, New FM2, FM10 or FE10 cameras. If the SB-22s is mounted on Nikon FA or FE2 cameras and the shutter speed is set to M250 or B (bulb). If the SB-22s is mounted on Nikon FG or Nikonos V cameras and the shutter speed is set to M90 or B (bulb). If the SB-22s is mounted on a Nikonos V with an optional sync cord for land use connected and the shutter speed is set to M90 or B (bulb). If the SB-22s is mounted on a Nikon FM3A camera and the shutter speed is set to B (bulb). The standby function does not work: If the SB-22s is mounted on Nikon FA or FE2 cameras with Motor Drive MD-12 attached and Remote Code MC-4A (or MC-10) is connected.
For example, selecting f/4 lets you get the flash shooting distance range from 0.9m to N 35 mm 7.0m (3 ft. to 23 ft.) with angle of coverage at OFF ON STBY FLASH READY BOUNCE N-35mm and a film speed of ISO 100. JAPAN In this case, underexposure may occur when the subject is more than 7.0 m (23 ft.) away. For other shooting distance ranges, apertures, and ISO film speeds, refer to the table below.
the 4 Wait fortakingready-light to come on and make sure the subject is in focus before the picture.
Setting Apertures on Zoom-Nikkor Lenses having Variable Maximum Apertures
Setting the aperture using the camera aperture dial:
For example, F5, F100, F80-Series/N80-Series, F65-Series/N65-Series, F60-Series/N60, F50-Series/N50, F-401x/N5005, F-401s/N4004s, F-401/N4004, Pronea 600i/6i, D1 Series cameras with Nikkor lenses with a built-in CPU*: First set the lens to its minimum aperture (largest f-number) (except G-type Nikkor lenses**), then set the aperture on the camera using the aperture dial or button after zooming in or out to determine the focal length setting. In this way, the variable aperture will be automatically compensated by the camera.
For other camera/lens combination:
For example, F-501/ N2020, F-301/N2000, FM3A, FA, FE2, FG, Nikonos V, F3-Series, New FM2, FM10, FE10 with all other Nikkor and Nikon lenses except G-type Nikkor lenses.
(Use the following method for cameras listed on the left when combined with Nikkor lenses without a built-in CPU.)
Determining an appropriate flash shooting distance range and apertures in the Non-TTL Auto Flash A mode
1 line upward 2 Follow the appropriate vertical the distance from the shooting distance on
Determine the shooting distance. scale until it meets one of the flash shooting distance range indicators. Then follow the flash shooting distance range indicator horizontally and you will find the appropriate apertures.
Setting the aperture on the cameras LCD panel using the lens aperture ring:
5 Adjust the flash head to the front position.

4 5.22 32

The BOUNCE indicator LED blinks when the flash head is tilted down to the 7 or tilted up. Make sure the LED is not blinking. For more details, refer to Bounce Flash. The SB-22s comes with a wide flash adapter to increase the angle of coverage to match a 28mm focal length lens. Refer to Setting the Built-In Wide Flash Adapter. When no wide flash adapter is set, the SB-22s provides an angle of coverage to match a 35mm or longer focal length lens.

the 6 Slidespeedfilm speed (ISO) selector to align film speed (ISO) in use with the film (ISO) index.
For example, if youre using ISO 100 film, align 100 with the film speed (ISO) index. Operations explained in this manual are based I SO 2 on the assumption that the correct film speed is 50 2.4 set on the SB-22s, which is necessary for 200 5.checking the flash shooting distance range and aperture values on the aperture/shooting 22 distance range panel. However, because there 10 m 0.6 0.9 1.3 ft is no electrical connection between the ISO N 35 mm OFF ON STBY selector and the flash unit circuitry, flash firing and flash output will not be affected, even if the ISO scale is accidentally changed by moving the film speed (ISO) selector.
In Non-TTL Auto Flash A mode, you can N 35 mm select A1, A2, A3, or A4 only. OFF ON STBY FLASH READY BOUNCE For example, when shooting a subject located JAPAN at 5m (16.4 ft.) with the angle of coverage at N-35mm and a film speed of ISO 100, the available apertures are f/2.8, f/4 or f/5.6. Selecting f/2.8 lets you take pictures of subjects approx. 1.3m to 10.0m (4.3 ft. to 32.8 ft.) away from the SB-22s. If you choose f/4, you can take pictures of subjects approx. 0.9m to 7.0m (3 ft. to 23 ft.) Underexposure may occur when the subject is more than 10m (32.8 ft.) away when f/2.8 is selected, or more than 7m (23 ft.) away when f/4 is selected. For other shooting distance ranges, apertures, and ISO film speeds, refer to the table below. Available apertures possible at A1 to A4 vary according to the setting of the film speed (ISO) scale. Correct exposures cannot be obtained if the same aperture as indicated by the illuminated f-number is not set on your camera or lens aperture ring.
For example, F4-Series, F90X/ N90s, F90-Series/ N90, F70-Series/ N70, F-801s/ N8008s, F-801/N8008, F-601/N6006, F-601M / N6000 cameras with Nikkor lenses with a built-in CPU* Check and set the aperture on the LCD panel after zooming in or out to determine the focal length setting. In this way, the variable aperture will be automatically compensated by the camera.
*Nikkor lenses with a built-in CPU incorporate CPU contacts. (See the figure on the right.) **G-type Nikkor lenses have no aperture ring. The aperture should therefore be selected from the camera body. Unlike other CPU Nikkor lenses, the aperture does not need to be set to its minimum. CPU contacts
Align the aperture ring between the green and yellow aperture indexes after zooming in or out to determine the focal length setting. If the zoom lens has a maximum aperture difference of approx. 1 or more f/stop between the longest and shortest focal length positions (see the figures below), align the aperture ring with the green aperture index for a wide setting, and align the aperture with the yellow aperture index for a telephoto setting. For intermediate focal length settings, set the aperture ring somewhere between the green and yellow aperture indexes depending on the focal length in use. Setting the aperture to f/5.6 on the AF Zoom-Nikkor 24-120mm f/3.5-5.6 lens

The subject must be within the range of 1m (3.3 ft) to 5m (16.4 ft) at 20C (68F). Replace the SB-22ss batteries whenever the ready-light becomes dark or blinks after the AF assist illuminator LED turns on. If the AF assist illuminator LED comes on but no in-focus indicator appears in the cameras viewfinder with the shutter release button pressed halfway, the subject is either too far away or too dark for the camera AF-sensor even with the AF assist illuminator LED. In this case, set the flash mode selector to Manual M and focus manually.

The ready-light

Lights up : Indicates the SB-22s is recycled

and ready to fire.

Blinks :
In TTL or Non-TTL Auto flash mode, if the ready-light blinks for approx. 3 seconds after shooting, this indicates the light may have been insufficient for correct exposure. In this case, use a wider aperture (smaller f-number) or move closer to the subject.
Use an aperture 1/3 of an f/stop smaller than those shown in the table. 2 Not possible in TTL mode
Exposure compensation in TTL Auto Flash TTL mode
Make exposure compensation on the camera to match the shooting situation. Consult the instruction manual provided with your camera for specific information on procedures for exposure compensation. When shooting a subject containing highly reflective surfaces, use some plus compensation. When the background is very dark, or the subject is in deep shadows, use some minus compensation.
Determining whether the subject will receive the correct exposure in TTL and Non-TTL Auto Flash modes by test firing the SB-22s.
1 Follow the same procedures as in TTL Auto Flash TTL or Non-TTL Auto Flash A mode.
In TTL mode, set the flash mode selector to either A1, A2, A3 or A4 to line up the same aperture set on the camera or lens aperture ring with that indicated on the aperture/shooting distance range panel. If the apertures are out of the range of available apertures possible at A1 to A4, the correct exposure cannot be determined before shooting.
Conditions necessary to activate the AF assist illuminator LED:
The subject must be sufficiently dark. AF Nikkor lenses must be used. Lenses from 24mm (35mm for F-501/N2020**) to 105mm are recommended. The cameras autofocus mode is set to Single Servo Autofocus (Set cameras focus mode selector to AF for F50-series/N50*, and A for F-401x/N5005*, F-401s/N4004s* and F-401/N4004*). Focus lock is not employed. The SB-22ss ready-light is on.
*Sold exclusively in the USA **Sold exclusively in the USA and Canada
Refer to the following table to determine if your batteries should be replaced or recharged. (For more information, see Notes on Batteries.)
Type of batteries installed Zinc-carbon Alkaline-manganese Lithium NiCd (rechargeable) Ni-MH (rechargeable) Ready-light takes More than 30 seconds to light up. More than 10 seconds to light up. Recharge batteries. Remedy Replace batteries.

Exposure compensation in Non-TTL Auto Flash A mode
Set a different aperture on the camera or lens aperture ring without changing the flash mode selector. When shooting a subject containing highly reflective surfaces, set a larger aperture (smaller f-number). When the background is very dark, or the subject is in deep shadows, set a smaller aperture (larger f-number).
No reproduction in any form of this manual, in whole or in part (except for brief quotation in critical articles or reviews), may be made without written authorization from NIKON CORPORATION.
2 Wait fortothe ready-light to come on and press the SB-22ss FLASH button fire the flash.
If the ready-light blinks for approx. 3 seconds after shooting, this indicates the light may have been insufficient for correct exposure. In this case, use a wider aperture (smaller f-number) or move close to the subject.
Exposure compensation in Manual M mode
Intentionally change the aperture set on the camera or lens aperture ring. When you want an overexposed picture, set a wider aperture (smaller f-number) than the one calculated. For an underexposed picture, use a smaller aperture (larger f-number).

NIKON CORPORATION

FUJI BLDG., 2-3, MARUNOUCHI 3-CHOME, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO 100-8331, JAPAN Printed in Japan

Bounce Flash

When taking pictures indoors, direct flash often causes harsh, unattractive shadows on the subject or background. By bouncing the light off the ceiling or walls, you can soften the shadows and produce more natural-looking portraits.
Bounce flash using diffused light Normal flash using direct flash

Close-Up Flash

In TTL Auto Flash TTL mode, when shooting subjects such as flowers or insects closer than 0.6m (2 ft), use your SB-22s off camera and utilize its built-in wide flash adapter to take close-up pictures with flash.
Setting the Built-In Wide Flash Adapter
The SB-22s comes with a wide flash adapter to increase the angle of coverage to match a 28mm lens. The guide number is reduced from 28 to 20 (ISO 100, meters) when the built-in wide flash adapter is used.

Troubleshooting

Warning indicator Cause POWER switch is turned OFF. Batteries are not installed correctly. Ready-light does not come on. Battery power is weak. Standby function is in operation. Contacts in the battery chamber (SB-22s) or battery electrodes are corroded. Ready-light blinks for approx. 3 sec. after shooting. Subject is out of the flash shooting distance range. Batteries are exhausted. Reference/remedy Preparation (4) Preparation (2) The Ready-Light Preparation (4) Clean the contacts or electrodes.

WARNING

Never attempt to disassemble or repair the SB-22s yourself as this may cause electric shock or cause the unit to malfunction, leading to possible injury. Do not drop the SB-22s or hit it against a hard surface. If dropped, do not touch the metal portions inside the flash, because they could cause electric shock or injury. Remove the batteries and take the unit to your local Nikon dealer for repair. If you detect heat, smoke, or the smell of burning, stop operation immediately and remove the batteries to prevent the unit from catching on fire or burning. Let the SB-22s cool down sufficiently before removing batteries. Then take the unit to your local Nikon dealer for repair. The SB-22s should not be exposed to rain or saltwater. If water gets inside the SB-22s, this can cause electric shock or cause the unit to catch on fire. Also never touch the flash unit with wet hands. Do not operate the SB-22s in an environment containing a combustible gas, as this may cause the unit to catch on fire or result in an explosion. Keep batteries out of the reach of children. If a battery is accidentally swallowed, call a doctor immediately. When replacing batteries, replace all four batteries at the same time, do not mix battery types or brands, do not use old with new batteries, and never reverse the polarity of the batteries when installing. Otherwise, the batteries may catch on fire or explode, due the possible leakage of corrosive liquids. In the event that corrosive liquids do seep from the batteries, avoid touching the liquids. Certain types of batteries contain strong alkaline liquids which can cause chemical burns. If the alkaline liquids stick to your skin or clothes, wash immediately with running water.

coefficient f/stop (aperture) flash-to-subject distance (m/ft) ISO film speed and coefficient (m/ft)
ISO film speed Coefficient 25 1.5 (4.9) 50 2.2 (7.2) (9.8) 200 4.3 (14) (20) 800 8.5 (27.9) 1000 9.6 (31.5)

Notes on Batteries

Handling batteries Battery power tends to weaken as the temperature drops. At low temperatures, the number of flashes decrease and recycling time is longer. NiCd, Ni-MH and lithium batteries feature greater efficiency at low temperatures, usable as low as 20C (4F). Alkaline-manganese and zinc-carbon batteries are not recommended as their performance become noticeably degraded at 10C (14 F) for alkalinemanganese and 0C (32F) for zinc-carbon batteries. In either case, battery performance may differ with each brand, due to modification in specifications or improvement in performance. Using lithium batteries Lithium batteries incorporate internal safety switches. When they become hot, their safety circuits are activated, cutting off power. Battery power will recover if you stop using them, allowing their temperature to return to normal. Using rechargeable NiCd and Ni-MH batteries Overcharging and excessive use may shorten battery life. Always make certain to turn the SB-22s off when not in use. Because flash consumes a large amount of battery power, rechargeable batteries may not operate properly before reaching the end of their stated life-span or the number of charging/discharging as specified by the battery manufacturer.
Always follow the warning instructions printed on batteries to prevent them from becoming hot, leaking corrosive liquids, catching on fire, or exploding. When recharging NiCd or Ni-MH batteries, be sure to use the battery charger specified by the battery maker and read the instructions thoroughly. Do not recharge NiCd or Ni-MH batteries with their terminals reversed in the charger or before the batteries have cooled off sufficiently, as this may cause them to leak corrosive liquids, become hot, catch on fire, or explode. Non-rechargeable batteries such as zinc-carbon, alkaline-manganese and lithium batteries should not be charged in a battery charger as they may become hot, catch on fire, explode, or leak corrosive liquids.
If the ready-light blinks for approx. 3 seconds after shooting, this indicates the light may have been insufficient for correct exposure. In this case, use a wider aperture or reduce the distance between the subject and the SB-22s, where the distance is measured from the flash to the bounce surface and back again to the subject. You can also check if the subject will receive the correct exposure by test firing the SB-22s. Refer to Checking the Correct Exposure.

For example, with a subject 0.5m (1.6 ft.) away from the SB-22ss flash head using ISO 100 film and the wide flash adapter in place, the suggested aperture is: 3 0.5 9.8 f/stop 1.6 f/stop (in meters) = 6 (in feet) = approx. 6
3 Return the flash head to its original position
Therefore, you should use f/6 or smaller (larger f-number), such as f/8, f/11 or f/16.
When shooting subjects closer than 1 m (3.3 ft.)
Tilt the flash head down to the -7 position when shooting subjects 1 m (approx. 3.3 ft.) or closer to give sufficient light to the subject with the SB-22s mounted on camera. The BOUNCE indicator LED blinks when the flash head is tilted down to -7. Use of the wide flash adapter is recommended.
the 6 Wait fortakingready-light to come on and make sure the subject is in focus before the picture.
If the ready-light blinks for approx. 3 seconds after shooting, this indicates the light may have been insufficient for correct exposure. In this case, use a wider aperture (smaller f-number) or move closer to the subject.

Specifications

Electronic construction Automatic Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) and series circuitry. Power source Four AA-type zinc-carbon, alkaline-manganese, lithium (1.5V), NiCd (rechargeable) or Ni-MH (rechargeable) penlight batteries. Guide number (at ISO 100, m) 28 at N-35mm; 20 at W-28mm (with wide flash adapter) Angle of coverage
Horizontal Vertical Usable lens 35mm or longer 28mm or longer

ISO 5.32

m 0.ft 2

Multiple Flash Operation

To eliminate harsh shadows produced by a single flash unit, add additional illumination to the background, or create special lighting effects not possible with a single flash unit, you can attach Nikon Speedlights in series.
Flash shooting with more than one unit Flash shooting with one flash unit

Optional Accessories

TTL multiple flash operation NOTE
TTL multiple flash operation is not possible with Nikon New FM2, FM10, FE10 and D1 Series cameras. In this case, perform non-TTL or manual multiple flash operation using the SU-4.
The SB-22ss sync/multiple flash terminal
This terminal is provided for connecting the SB-22s to your camera using Sync Cord SC-11 or SC-15 (for instance, if your camera does not have an accessory shoe) or when you want to perform Multiple Flash photography in Manual M mode with the SB-22s.

N-35mm W-28mm

ON ST OFF

BOUN CE

(ft) ) 92 28(m 100) GN(ISO
1 Or use the TTL Remote Cord SC-17/SC-24 or Power Bracket Unit SK-6 instead. main flash unit the unit(s) 2 Connect themore TTL RemotetoCordssecondary flashthe TTL Multi-Flash Use one or SC-18/SC-19 or

Connect the main flash unit to the camera directly.
Multiple flash operation can be accomplished in two ways: (1) by connecting a Speedlight to the camera using a sync or remote cord such as TTL Remote Cord SC-17 or (2) by mounting a Speedlight on the Wireless Slave Flash Controller SU-4 (optional). In both cases, TTL multiple flash operation is possible with Nikon cameras in the TTL Auto Flash mode. Adapter AS-10. Use the Wireless Slave Flash Controller SU-4 to control remotely one or more slave flash units in the TTL flash mode. For other optional remote cords, refer to Optional Accessories.
When the SB-22ss sync terminal is connected to your camera via the Sync Cord SC-11 or SC-15, automatic flash sync speed setting and viewfinder ready-light no longer function. To retain these features, use optional TTL Remote Cord SC-17 or SC-24 which attach directly to your cameras accessory shoe. Sync Cord SC-11 and SC-15 Sync Cords SC-11 and SC-15 are handy when you want to use the SB-22s off-camera or for use with cameras without accessory shoes. The SC-11 is approx. 25 cm (9.8 in.) long and the SC-15 is approx. 1m (3.2 ft) long. Use Sync Terminal Adapter AS-15 when connecting the SB-22s to cameras not having a sync terminal. TTL Remote Cord SC-17 and SC-24 The TTL Remote Cords SC-17/24 provide TTL Auto Flash operation when the SB-22s is used off-camera. It comes with one tripod socket and two TTL multiple flash terminals. Both the SC-17 and SC-24 are approx. 1.5m (4.9 ft) long. TTL Multi-Flash Sync Cord SC-18 and SC-19 Multi-Flash Sync Cords SC-18 or SC-19 are useful for connecting the SB-22s to the multiple flash terminal of the SC-17 (SC-24) or AS-10 for TTL multiple flash operation. The SC-18 is approx. 1.5 m (4.9 ft) long, and the SC-19 is approx. 3 m (9.8 ft) long. TTL Multi-Flash Adapter AS-10 Use Multi-Flash Adapter AS-10 when connecting more than three flash units together for TTL multiple flash operation, or if the secondary flash units are not equipped with multiple flash terminals. The AS-10 comes with one tripod socket and three TTL multiple flash terminals. Sync Terminal Adapter AS-15 The Sync Terminal Adapter AS-15 is necessary when using Sync Cords SC-11/SC-15 to connect the flash unit to cameras not having a sync terminal. Flash Unit Coupler AS-4 and AS-7 Necessary when mounting the SB-22s on F3-series cameras. In this case, TTL auto flash is not possible. Wireless Slave Flash Controller SU-4 Useful for multiple flash photography, the SU-4 features a built-in, movable light sensor and an accessory shoe for attachment of a slave Speedlight. The SU-4s light sensor not only triggers the slave unit to fire in unison with the master flash, but controls the flash duration of the slave unit in sync with the master unit to provide TTL, non-TTL, or Manual operation. TTL Flash Unit Coupler AS-17 for F3-Series cameras Dedicated adapter for F3-Series cameras providing TTL flash operation with Nikon Speedlights such as SB-29 and SB-28 featuring ISO-type mounting foot (not designed for F3).

Bounce capability Flash head can be tilted down to -7 or up to 90. The BOUNCE indicator LED blinks whenever the flash head is tilted. POWER switch Three positions are provided: OFF, ON and STBY (standby). At STBY position: the SB-22s automatically turns itself off to conserve battery when the flash is not used for approx. 80 seconds. Number of flashes and recycling times
Batteries*1 AA-type zinc-carbon AA-type alkaline-manganese AA-type NiCd (700mAh)*4 AA-type Ni-MH (1200mAh) AA-type lithium (1.5V)
Min. recycling time (approx.)*2 No. of flashes (approx.)*3
Set each flash unit by considering its direction and distance.
Please note that the brightness of flash illumination is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the flash unit and the subject when the same Speedlight models are used for both the master and slave Speedlights. For example, if the flash-to-subject distance is a reference unit of 1 (e.g., 1m), the brightness will be one-half that when the subject is 1.4 times away, and onequarter when the subject is twice as far away. For details on connections, refer to the SC-17, SC-18, SC-19, or SC-24s instruction manual.
10 sec. 5 sec. 3.6 sec. 4.5 sec. 5.5 sec.
Notes on multiple flash operation using a sync or remote cord:
SB-11, SB-14, SB-140 and SB-21B Speedlights cannot be used with Nikon F-401/N4004 or F-401s/N4004s as either main or secondary units. In multiple flash operation, if the electric current in the synchro circuit exceeds a certain level, you may not be able to take a second shot after the first. In this case, disconnect the main flash unit from the camera. This resets the circuits so you can resume shooting. In multiple flash operation, take care that the combined total of the coefficients in the table below for all flash units used together does not exceed 20 at 20C (68F), or 13 at 40C (104F). Speedlight coefficient per each unit
Speedlight SB-50DX, SB-29, SB-28/28DX, SB-27, SB-26, SB-25, SB-24, SB-22s, SB-14, SB-11, SB-140 SB-23, SB-21, SB-17, SB-16, SB-15 SB-22 SB-20

Coefficient numbers are in units of 70A.
4 Turn on all flash units and make sure their standby functions are not activated. Set the flash mode on all flash units to TTL. Follow the same procedures as in normal TTL Auto Flash TTL mode.
Manual multiple flash operation
*1 With fresh batteries *2 Duration until the ready-light comes on after firing at full manual output. *3 Total number of flashes when fired at full manual output at an interval of 30 seconds without using the AF assist illuminator LED. *mAh NiCd batteries provide approx. 1.4 times the number of flashes of 700 mAh NiCd batteries with the same recycling time.

Coefficient 6 9

1 Attach the SB-22s to the cameras accessory shoe. flash terminal of the secondary flash unit(s). 2 Connect the SB-22s to the syncTTL multiple flash operation, or Sync Cord Use the same cords as used for
SC-11 or coiled Sync Cord SC-15. Use the Wireless Slave Flash Controller SU-4 to control remotely one or more slave flash units in the Manual flash mode. For usable optional remote cords, refer to Optional Accessories.
Notes on multiple flash operation using the Wireless Slave Flash Controller SU-4 (optional):
TTL, non-TTL or Manual multiple flash operation is possible by using the cameras builtin Speedlight or a Speedlight mounted on the cameras hot shoe as the master flash unit, and one or more Speedlights mounted on Wireless Slave Flash Controller SU-4s as the slave flash units. The SU-4s built-in light sensor not only detects when the master flash unit fires to trigger the slave flash unit, but also controls the flash duration of the slave flash unit in sync with the master flash unit. These Nikon Speedlights are usable: SB-29, SB-28/28DX, SB-27, SB-26, SB-25, SB-24, SB-23, SB-22s, SB-22, SB-20, SB-18, SB-16B, SB-15 For more information, refer to the instruction manual provided with the SU-4.
flash unit distance. 3 Set eachnote that theby considering its direction andinversely proportional to Please brightness of flash illumination is
the square of the distance between the flash unit and the subject. See the example described in TTL multiple flash operation above. For details on connections, refer to the SC-17, SC-18, SC-19, or SC-24s instruction manual.
Flash exposure control Three flash modes are provided: TTL, non-TTL (A1, A2, A3, A4) and M. TTL mode is not possible with Nikon F3-series, New FM2, FM10, FE10 cameras. Ready-light Lights up when SB-22s is recycled and ready to fire. Blinks for 3 seconds when flash fires at its maximum output, indicating light may have been insufficient (in TTL and non-TTL (A1-A4) modes). FLASH button Performs test firing for correct exposure determination. Can turn the SB-22s on again after the unit enters standby mode. AF assist illumination Automatically fires LED beam toward subject when performing autofocus in dim light or in the dark with Nikon AF cameras. Flash duration 1/1100 sec. @ full manual output Other features Sync/multiple flash terminal Dimensions (W x H x D) Approx. 68 x 105 x 80mm (2.7 x 4.1 x 3.1 in.) Weight (without batteries) Approx. 210g (7.4 oz.) Accessories supplied Soft Case SS-22s All performance data are for normal-temperature operation (20C/68F). Specifications and design are subject to change without notice.