Advanced Antenna Systems for WiMAX

Executive Summary

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Advanced Antenna System Technologies 3. Advanced Antenna Systems in WiMAX 4. Pros and Cons of Advanced Antennas 5. Other WiMAX Capacity Enhancements 6. Conclusions and Preferred Solutions for WiMAX Operators 7. Abbreviations and Terminology 8. References A number of different antenna solutions can be applied to improve the radio performance specifically coverage and capacity. The IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard and WiMAX Forum Certification Wave 2 strongly support advanced antenna systems, including receive diversity, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), transmit diversity and Interference Rejection Combining (IRC). Those antenna features can be implemented with a compact crosspolarized antenna with a width of less than 15 centimeters. The capacity can be later enhanced with soft capacity features, including advanced packet scheduling and dynamic multicarrier operation. Dynamic multicarrier refers to the deployment of a second 10 MHz carrier per sector while sharing a common power amplifier. The soft capacity features can be upgraded remotely with software. The photo to the right shows a typical simple, 3-sector site configuration, including the system module and Radio Frequency (RF) head. Adaptive beamforming with a linear antenna array is a promising future technology for enhancing the radio performance with four and eight antennas per sector. Further work is required in the WiMAX Forum to enable full support of adaptive beamforming. Before this work is completed, full adaptive beamforming benefits cannot be enjoyed due to the lack of terminal support. Also the significantly larger and more complex antenna structures related to adaptive beamforming may easily lead to high cost increases in site construction and operation. This cost increase is off-setting potential benefits the technology promises to deliver.

1. Introduction

The operators capital expenditure (capex) and operating expenditure (opex) tend to be related to the number of base station sites. Enhancing the coverage and capacity performance of each base station site would be attractive in terms of reducing costs. Typically, coverage is the number one challenge in the first deployment phase, while capacity will be the challenge later when the amount of traffic in the networks increases. This paper presents the advanced antenna systems for enhancing the WiMAX radio performance. The theoretical gains, the practical limitations as well as the business aspects are considered. Other performance enhancement solutions are also presented. An operators preferred coverage and capacity evolution is introduced.
2. Advanced Antenna System Technologies
Adaptive signal processing
The wireless research community has actively studied advanced antennas for a number of years. A summary can be found in [1]. The main antenna solutions are summarized below: Receiver diversity, possibly combined with optimum combining called Interference Rejection Combining (IRC) [2] Transmit diversity with or without feedback Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) multistream transmission with or without feedback Adaptive beamforming with linear array antenna The term beamforming can also be applied to the IRC solution, to the transmit diversity with feedback and to MIMO with feedback. The reason is that the signal processing is essentially generating a beam by optimizing the received signal-to-noise ratio (see Figure 1). The receive and transmit diversity and 2x2 MIMO can utilize a normal cross-polarized antenna. The adaptive beamforming uses linear array antennas with columns spaced at half a wave length from each other. The practical antenna configuration at 2.5 GHz is illustrated in Figure 2 for a three-sector case. The antenna height is typically 1.3 meter. In the case of a 3.5 GHz deployment, the antenna sizes are smaller. Receiver Diversity and Optimal Combining Base station receiver diversity is widely used in all 2nd and 3rd generation cellular mobile systems including GSM, UMTS and CDMA using cross-polarized antennas. The combining solution can be Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) or Interference Rejection Combining (IRC). MRC is the optimal solution when the interference is spatially white Gaussian, while IRC is optimal in case of dominant interferers.

Undesired interference W1 Desired signal x

W2 x +

Figure 1: Beamforming with Interference Rejection Combining (IRC)

Cross-polarized antenna

Linear array antenna with 8 columns

< 15 cm

Figure 2: Typical 3-sector antenna configuration at 2.5 GHz
Receiver diversity is also applied in some of the terminals where the size and the power consumption allow an implementation with dual antennas, for example in integrated laptop solutions and PCMCIA cards. Transmit diversity open and closed loop Base station transmit diversity can be utilized to enhance the downlink coverage and capacity. The transmit diversity should preferably be supported by a standard to get the full benefit. The transmit diversity can be based on an open loop or closed loop approach. The closed loop approach uses feedback from the terminal to optimize the downlink transmission to that terminal. The closed loop approach is also called adaptive beamforming.
The transmit diversity can utilize the same cross-polarized antenna that is used for receive diversity. Therefore, the transmit diversity is an easy solution from the site solution point of view. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) open and closed loop 2x2 MIMO uses two transmit antennas at the base station and two receive antennas at the terminals. Closed loop MIMO transmission can also utilize feedback from the terminal to create effective downlink beams.

Base station

Terminal
Wimax Forum system profile defines the following MIMO modes: Space time coding = Matrix A = Diversity transmission Spatial multiplexing = Matrix B = Dual stream transmission Spatial multiplexing transmits two parallel data streams to double the data rate. Spatial multiplexing is also known as MIMO Matrix B in WiMAX specifications. If the channel quality is not good enough to maintain the dual stream approach, the transmission can be switched to Matrix A diversity mode. The transmit diversity mode is based on space time coding. The aim is to make the signal more robust against fading and interference, and to increase the effective data rate by using higher modulation and coding schemes. The utilization of MIMO modes is illustrated in Figure 4. Similar MIMO technology is utilized also in 3GPP HSPA Release 7 and Long Term Evolution (LTE) Release 8. Downlink MIMO can utilize the same cross-polarized antenna that is used for receive diversity. Therefore, MIMO is an easy solution from the site solution point of view.

Space time encoder +

Space time encoder
Figure 3: Principle of MIMO transmission
MIMO in the uplink faces the problem that two power amplifiers would be needed in the terminal, increasing the cost, size and power consumption of the devices. Therefore, similar MIMO is not defined for uplink as for downlink. The uplink MIMO solution is called Collaborative MIMO instead. Collaborative MIMO transmission configures the transmissions from two terminals so that their signals together utilize the MIMO scheme to increase the cell peak rate and the cell throughput, but it does not increase the single user peak data rate. Collaborative MIMO works with a single power amplifier in the terminal.
Adaptive beamforming Adaptive beamforming has been a promising option for boosting the radio coverage and capacity in the research community for all radio systems. Adaptive beamforming is defined here as the transmission from a linear array antenna. Weights assigned to the signal passing through each antenna element make it possible to point the resultant signal into a narrow beam towards the terminal. The downlink beam direction is determined based on the uplink received signal using directionof-arrival estimates. Beamforming requires continuous calibration of the antenna system and RF chains of the base station because the signal processing unit must know the phase rotation caused by the receive and transmit paths. Adaptive beamforming is illustrated in Figure 5.

Throughput

Spatial multiplexing mode (Matrix B)
Diversity mode (Matrix A)

RF calibration

Figure 4: Utilization of MIMO modes
Figure 5: Adaptive beamforming
In a Time Division Duplex (TDD) based system, the uplink and downlink use the same spectrum. Mobile WiMAX uses the TDD principle. Ideally, the received uplink signal could be used to achieve optimal downlink beamforming in TDD. In practice, however, the signal in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) based systems, like in WiMAX, uses just a part of the total bandwidth and the uplink signal cannot be directly used to control downlink beamforming.
The alternative solution is the socalled Uplink sounding zone, where the WiMAX terminal sends a known signal covering the whole bandwidth. That signal can be applied for the downlink beamforming. The ideal capacity gain from adaptive beamforming with N antennas is N times capacity. Four antennas ideally should give 300% capacity gain over single antenna. The capacity gains with the realistic assumptions tend to be 100-200%; see for example [3]. That capacity gain still represents a significant boost in the network capacity. For more details of performance gains of different solutions please refer to Table 4.
3. Advanced Antenna Systems in WiMAX
3.1 WiMAX Forum Support This section considers the usage of advanced antenna systems in WiMAX. IEEE 802.16 has created the specifications [4] while WiMAX Forum has defined the system profiles [5] containing a subset of features to be used in the interoperability testing and in the real implementations. Generally, the network deployments can utilize only those features that are defined in WiMAX Forum profiles. A few of the key features for the use of advanced antennas in WiMAX are listed below: Receive diversity does not require direct support from standards. Some of the WiMAX Forum performance requirements do include two receive antennas [6]. Downlink 2x2 open loop MIMO and uplink collaborative MIMO are defined in WiMAX Forum Wave 2 as mandatory features of the terminals. Closed loop MIMO is not part of Wave 2. IEEE802.162005 includes MIMO up to four streams, 4x4 MIMO. MAP (Media Access Protocol) transmit diversity can be applied with Wave 1 devices using delay diversity. MAP is the broadcast message from the base station to give the capacity allocations for the terminals in uplink and in downlink. It can be a determining factor for the practical cell range as all devices have to receive the MAP message in order to stay connected. IO-BF is a group of inter-operable optional features related to Beamforming (BF) operation. Inter-operable Beamforming (IO-BF) in general is supported in Wave 2. WiMAX equipment can, however, be certified without verifying the operation of the feature. The support includes: - Dedicated pilot symbols, which allow user-specific beamforming. - Uplink sounding. The base station can request the terminal to send a sounding signal over the whole bandwidth. The base station can utilize the received signal for the downlink beamforming in a TDDbased system.

Private MAP and Diversity MAP Scan allow a user-specific MAP which helps to increase the coverage of the MAP messages by applying beamforming technology. Private MAP or Diversity MAP Scan are not supported in WiMAX Forum profiles. SDMA (Space Division Multiple Access) allows reusing of the same resources several times in the sector. SDMA is required to take the full capacity benefit from beamforming. SDMA is not supported in WiMAX Forum profiles. The support of the key features in WiMAX Forum profiles is summarized in Table 1. Wave 1 has been completed during 2007 while Wave 2 certification is expected to start around mid-2008. In short, Wave 1 provides a minimum set of features without any support for advanced antennas. Receive diversity as well as MAP transmit diversity can be used with Wave 1 terminals since those features do not require terminal support. Wave 2 brings support for open loop MIMO in downlink and collaborative MIMO in uplink. Wave 2 contains a set of features which enable beamforming, but a number of essential beamforming features are not included. The mixture of Wave 1, Wave 2 and terminals based on future WiMAX Forum releases in the network will create some challenges for the network operation when the new advanced antenna features are introduced. Different zones need to be reserved in the frame for the different terminal capabilities. WiMAX Forum is currently planning to split Wave 2 into two phases to bring some of the key Wave 2 features to the market as early as possible.
Receive diversity Downlink MIMO open loop Downlink MIMO closed loop Uplink collaborative MIMO Downlink MIMO with AMC MAP transmit diversity Beamforming Private MAP and diversity MAP scan Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)

Wave 1 (1) (1) -

Wave 2 (1) Yes Yes (1) Yes -
(1) No need for standard support
Table 1: Support of key features in WiMAX Forum profiles
3.2 MAP Coverage Coverage extension is the first target when deploying a new radio network. Large adaptive arrays combined with adaptive beamforming can provide high coverage gains for user data. The coverage gains may be limited by the coverage of the common channels. MAP (Media Access Protocol) messages must be received by all terminals and the beamforming gain cannot be applied for MAP unless user-specific MAP is available in the system (see Section 3.1). The MAP coverage issue is illustrated in Figure 6. Table 2 illustrates the link budgets for downlink MAP and uplink user plane data with 8 W base station power and Table 3 with 20 W base station power. Uplink data requires a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.5 dB with fast layer 1 retransmissions, while downlink MAP requires a signal-tonoise ratio of 6.0 dB since no retransmissions can be applied for the common channels. MAP repetition of two is assumed. MAP uses QPSK with 1/2 rate coding. The uplink direction uses full sub-channelization gain to boost the coverage. With an 8-W base station (2x 4W per MIMO branch) the downlink MAP coverage is 4 dB weaker than the uplink coverage. With a 20-W base station (2x 10W per MIMO branch) the downlink MAP coverage is balanced with uplink data. If we utilize beamforming, the uplink data coverage is boosted while the downlink MAP coverage is not improved.

MAP coverage

capacity gain not useable coverage extension
Figure 6: Beamforming improves user data coverage, but not MAP coverage
Downlink MAP a b c e Transmitter Transmit power [W] 8.0 (2x4 per MIMO branch) 9.2 -6.00 -94.10 150.4

Uplink data 0.10

Formula
Cable, combiner, filter, body loss [dB] Antenna gain [dBi] Transmit EIRP [dBm] Receiver f Carrier bandwidth [MHz] g MAP repetition h MAP boosting (1=no boosting) i Occuped bandwidth [MHz] j Thermal noise floor [dBm] k Receiver noise figure [dB] l Required SNR including rx diversity m Receiver sensitivity [dBm] n Receiver antenna gain [dBi] o Cable, combiner, filter, body loss [dB] p Max. number of subchannels q Number of subchannels used r Subchannelization gain [dB] s Link budget [dB]

= 10*log10(a)-b+c+d

9.2 -3.50 -97.1 15.44 154.3
=9.2/h = -174+10*log10(i)+60 From simulations =j+k+l-10*log10(g)
=10*log10(p/q) =e-m+n-o+r
Table 2: Link budgets for downlink MAP and uplink user data with 2x4 W base station power
Downlink MAP a b c e Transmitter Transmit power [W] 20.0 (2x10 per MIMO branch) 9.2 -6.00 -94.10 154.4
Table 3: Link budgets for downlink MAP and uplink user data with 2x10 W base station power
The MAP coverage can be further improved with MAP repetition and MAP boosting (concentration). MAP repetition and boosting provide essentially trade-offs between coverage and capacity: if we repeat MAP symbols, then there is less room for data symbols. The principle of MAP repetition is illustrated in Figure 7. MAP is assumed to be two symbols in this example without repetition. If there is a large number of low bit rate connections, like VoIP, the MAP overhead is clearly higher. Therefore, MAP boosting and MAP repetition solutions with VoIP applications will greatly limit the maximum capacity.

No MAP repetition

MAP repetition-2 MAP repetition-2 and MAP boosting

= preamble = MAP

= downlink data = uplink data

Figure 7: Principle of MAP repetition and MAP boosting
4. Pros and Cons of Advanced Antennas
The optimal usage of the adaptive antenna solutions is discussed in this section. The receive and transmit diversity and MIMO options can be realized with compact antennas. The interoperability is guaranteed with WiMAX Forum Wave 2 support. Receive diversity can be expanded to four branches for boosting the uplink data coverage. The adaptive beamforming with large linear array antennas offers further capacity gains beyond 2x2 MIMO. The full benefit of the beamforming requires further work in WiMAX Forum profiles to avoid proprietary implementations. The large antenna size and weight, combined with the wind load, may prevent the usage of large linear arrays in some sites. Adaptive antennas have future potential and scale well beyond two and four branches, but lack today the full support in WiMAX Forum and have challenges with site solutions. In general, the following impacts of beamforming for the site preparation need to be considered: Antenna arrays are complex and heavy constructions, which increases the cost of the site. More expensive antennas, more robust mast construction to carry larger weights, greater expenditure on installation material and cabling, etc. all result in roughly doubling the site preparation costs compared to sites where a standard cross-polarized antenna is used. Antenna arrays are more complex to install and require more laborious RF optimization. While the whole installation of a Nokia Siemens Flexi site typically takes up to 4 hours for a single engineer, installing a site with antenna array structure is easily one full day for two engineers. Antenna arrays not only weigh a lot more than standard cross-polarized antennas, but are also large in size, thus increasing the space they occupy per site. This typically increases site rental fees. Some regulators and local communities restrict the size of antennas because of environmental concerns. In summary, while adaptive downlink beamforming offers interesting tools to improve mobile WiMAX radio network performance, further work in technology and standardization is required before any benefit can materialize. Also the cost at which these potential future benefits can be enjoyed should be carefully analyzed in each case first. According to Nokia Siemens Networks calculations, downlink adaptive beamforming does not result in a lower site count, but suggests a significant increase in site investments: up to twice as expensive site construction compared to standard cross-polarized antenna sites. Additionally, the more complex site structure will lead to a clear increase (15-20%) in network opex, which in many cases further reduces the attractiveness of this solution.

Antenna Number of receive branches Number of transmit branches WiMAX Forum support Peak data rate gain1 Coverage gain1,3 Capacity gain1 Site capex excluding BTS Site opex excluding BTS
Receive/transmit diversity Cross-polarized 2-Wave 1 Modest Modest
MIMO Cross-polarized 2-4 2-4 Wave 2 2-4 times higher peak data rate Considerable Modest Modest
Adaptive beamforming Linear array 4-8 4-8 Partly in Wave 2 Yes, in uplink2 No, in downlink Considerable (Some gain over MIMO) High High
The reference case is receive/transmit diversity The coverage gain is obtained by having more receiver branches The coverage gain assumes the same total combined transmit power
Table 4: Characteristics of different advanced antenna solutions
5. Other WiMAX Capacity Enhancements
5.1 Frequency Selective Scheduling The idea in the frequency selective scheduling is to send the data on those subcarriers that are not faded and to avoid transmission on the faded subcarriers (see Figure 8). The frequency selective scheduling can be achieved in WiMAX by using Adjacent MultiCarrier (AMC) allocation. Frequency selective scheduling is shown to enhance system capacity by up to 30% compared to PUSC (Partial Use of SubCarriers). AMC is defined in Wave 1. The combination of MIMO and AMC is not a mandatory requirement for the terminals. 5.2 Multicarrier Capacity Extension The capacity can be expanded with multiple frequencies. The second frequency can be introduced with wideband power amplifiers where the power can be shared between multiple frequencies. The capacity can be upgraded simply by remote software upgrade. Multilayer radio resource control can balance the loading between the carriers to provide optimized utilization of radio resources.

Carrier bandwidth

Resource block
Transmit on those subcarriers that are not faded

Frequency

Figure 8: Frequency domain scheduling
The multicarrier capacity upgradability becomes important with beamforming. If the power amplifiers support just a single frequency, the capacity upgrade requires the installation of a second
set of power amplifiers. If the power amplifiers are integrated with the beamforming antennas up in the mast, the upgrading implies costly antenna modification.
6. Conclusions and Preferred Solutions for WiMAX Operators
The WiMAX deployment should take advantage of the advanced antenna solutions, including downlink 2x2 MIMO, uplink Interference Rejection Combining (IRC) reception, uplink collaborative MIMO and MAP transmit diversity. All these solutions can be implemented with single cross-polarized antennas per sector, and they have support in WiMAX Forum Wave 2. The capacity can be later enhanced with soft capacity features, including frequency selective scheduling and dynamic multicarrier operation. The capacity can be enhanced by using another 10 MHz carrier per sector. It is possible to utilize the existing power amplifier to share the power between two carriers in an optimized way (see Figure 9). The soft capacity features can be upgraded remotely with software. The preferred performance features for the WiMAX operators are illustrated in Figure 10. When designing the initial coverage, the 2x2 MIMO and MAP transmit diversity can be applied to boost the downlink coverage together with high power RF module. The uplink coverage can be enhanced with subchannelization gain and with low noise figure in the base station. In the case of fixed wireless terminals, the network coverage can be improved by using high gain directional antennas in the terminals. The fixed antennas can be located by the windows or on the rooftop for maximized coverage. The system capacity can be later boosted with advanced scheduling, Collaborative MIMO and dynamic multicarrier operation. All these evolution steps can be implemented with remote software downloads.

Compact sector antenna at 2.5 GHz
Downlink High power RF module
Uplink Excellent receiver sensitivity and subchannelization Interference rejection combining (IRC)
2x2 MIMO Frequency 1 Frequency 2

1.30 m

Figure 9: Dynamic power sharing in multicarrier operation

MAP transmit diversity

Collaborative MIMO
Frequency-selective scheduling Dynamic multicarrier operation

0.12 m

Figure 10: Evolution path for enhancing WiMAX coverage and capacity
7. Abbreviations and Terminology
AAS AMC BF Collaborative MIMO DL_MAP MIMO PUSC RF SDMA Uplink beamforming WiMAX Adaptive Antenna Systems. General term for a number of antenna solutions in WiMAX, including MIMO and beamforming. Adjacent Multi-Carrier, referring to the localized usage of the subbands which enables frequency domain scheduling. Beamforming. Also known as Virtual MIMO and V-MIMO. Downlink Media Access Protocol. The broadcast message in downlink giving the capacity allocations for downlink and for uplink. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, using a minimum of two base station antennas and two terminal antennas to enhance the data rate and the transmission robustness. Partial Usage of Subcarriers, referring to the distributed usage of the subbands which provides frequency diversity, but does not allow frequency domain scheduling. Radio Frequency. Space Division Multiple Access, referring to the usage of the same time and frequency resources multiple times within one sector. Also known as IRC (Interference Rejection Combining). Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access.

8. References

[1] Hottinen, A., Kuusela, M., Hugl, K., Zhang, J. and Raghothaman, B. Industrial Embrace of Smart Antennas and MIMO, IEEE Wireless Communications, August 2006. [2] J. Winters, Optimum combining in digital mobile radio with cochannel interference, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 528539, 1984. [3] Pedersen, K., Mogensen, P. and Ramiro-Moreno, J. Application and Performance of Downlink Beamforming Techniques in UMTS, IEEE Communications Magazine, October 2003. [4] http://www.ieee802.org/16/tge [5] http://www.wimaxforum.org/home/ [6] WiMAX Forum Mobile Radio Conformance Tests Amendment: Wave 2 Tests, 2007-07.

Nokia Siemens Networks P.O. Box 1 FI-02022 NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS Finland Visiting address: Karaportti 3, ESPOO, Finland Switchboard +(Finland) Switchboard +(Germany)
Author Nokia Siemens Networks is a leading global enabler of communications services. The company provides a complete, well-balanced product portfolio of mobile and fixed network infrastructure solutions and addresses the growing demand for services with 20,000 service professionals worldwide. Nokia Siemens Networks is one of the largest telecommunications infrastructure companies with operations in 150 countries. The company is headquartered in Espoo, Finland. Order-No. C401-00154-WP-200711-1-EN The contents of this document are copyright 2007 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved. A license is hereby granted to download and print a copy of this document for personal use only. No other license to any other intellectual property rights is granted herein. Unless expressly permitted herein, reproduction, transfer, distribution or storage of part or all of the contents in any form without the prior written permission of Nokia Siemens Networks is prohibited. The content of this document is provided AS IS, without warranties of any kind with regards its accuracy or reliability, and specifically excluding all implied warranties, for example of merchantability, fitness for purpose, title and non-infringement. In no event shall Nokia Siemens Networks be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages, or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, arising out of or in connection with the use of the document. Nokia Siemens Networks reserves the right to revise the document or withdraw it at any time without prior notice. Nokia Siemens Networks and the Wave-logo are registered trademarks of Nokia Siemens Networks. Nokia Siemens Networks product names are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Nokia Siemens Networks. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.
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Contents

For your safety..6 1. General information.7
About your device..7 Network services..7 Enhancements..7 Access codes..8 Configuration setting service.8 Download content..8 Software updates..8 Nokia support..9 Digital rights management..9
Text and multimedia messages.19 E-mail...21 Flash messages..22 Nokia Xpress audio messages.23 Instant messaging..23 Info messages, SIM messages and service commands..23 Voice messages..23 Message settings..24

7. Contacts..24

2. Get started..10
Install SIM card and battery..10 Insert a microSD card..10 Remove the microSD card..11 Charge the battery..11 Antenna..12 Headset...12 Strap..12 Keys and parts...13 Switch the phone on and off.13 Standby mode..14 Flight mode...15 Keypad lock (keyguard).16 Functions without a SIM card..16
Manage contacts..24 Business cards..26 Assign dialing shortcuts..26
8. Call log..26 9. Positioning..26 10. Settings.27
Profiles..27 Themes...27 Tones...27 Display..27 Date and time..28 My shortcuts..28 Connectivity..29 Call...31 Phone...32 Software updates over the air..32 Enhancements...33 Configuration..33 Security...33 Restore factory settings.34

3. Calls..16

Make a call..16 Answer or end a call..17 Dialing shortcuts..17 Voice dialing..17 Options during a call.17

4. Write text..18

Text modes..18 Traditional text input..18 Predictive text input.18
11. Operator menu..34 12. Gallery..34
Folders and files..35 Print images..35 Memory card..35
5. Navigate the menus.19 6. Messaging..19

13. Media..36

Camera and video.36 Media player..36 Music player..37 Radio..38 Voice recorder..39 Equalizer...39 Stereo widening..39
Vehicles...51 Potentially explosive environments..51 Emergency calls..52 CERTIFICATION INFORMATION (SAR)...52
14. Push to talk..40 15. Organizer..40
Alarm clock..40 Calendar..40 To-do list..41 Notes..41 Calculator..41 Timers..42 Stopwatch..42

Index...54

16. Applications..42 17. Web.43
Launch an application..42 Download an application..43 Connect to a service..44 Appearance settings.44 Security settings..44 Service inbox..45 Browser security..45

Network services

To use the phone you must have service from a wireless service provider. Many of the features require special network features. These features are not available on all networks; other networks may require that you make specific arrangements with your service provider before you can use the network services. Your service provider can give you instructions and explain what charges will apply. Some networks may have limitations that affect how you can use network services. For instance, some networks may not support all language-dependent characters and services. Your service provider may have requested that certain features be disabled or not activated in your device. If so, these features will not appear on your device menu. Your device may also have a special configuration such as changes in menu names, menu order, and icons. Contact your service provider for more information. Practical rules about accessories and enhancements Keep all accessories and enhancements out of the reach of small children. When you disconnect the power cord of any accessory or enhancement, grasp and pull the plug, not the cord. Check regularly that enhancements installed in a vehicle are mounted and are operating properly. Installation of any complex car enhancements must be made by qualified personnel only.

Enhancements

General information
To set how your phone uses the access codes and security settings, select Menu > Settings > Security. The security code helps to protect your phone against unauthorized use. The preset code is 12345. You can change the code, and set the phone to request the code. The PIN (UPIN) code, supplied with the SIM (USIM) card, helps to protect the card against unauthorized use. The PIN2 (UPIN2) code, supplied with some SIM (USIM) cards, is required to access certain services. PUK (UPUK) and PUK2 (UPUK2) codes may be supplied with the SIM (USIM) card. If you enter the PIN code incorrectly three times in succession, you are asked for the PUK code. If the codes are not supplied, contact your service provider. The barring password is required when using the Call barring service to restrict incoming calls to and outgoing calls from your phone (network service). To view or change the security module settings, select Menu > Settings > Security > Security module sett.

Access codes

Configuration setting service
To use some of the network services, such as mobile internet services, MMS, Nokia Xpress audio messaging, or remote internet server synchronization, your phone needs the correct configuration settings. For more information on availability, contact your service provider or the nearest authorized Nokia dealer, or visit the support area on the Nokia website. See "Nokia support", p. 9. When you have received the settings as a configuration message and the settings are not automatically saved and activated, Configuration settings received is displayed. To save the settings, select Show > Save. If required, enter the PIN code supplied by the service provider.

Download content

You may be able to download new content (for example, themes) to your phone (network service). Important: Use only services that you trust and that offer adequate security and protection against harmful software. For the availability of different services and pricing, contact your service provider.

Software updates

Nokia may produce software updates that may offer new features, enhanced functions, or improved performance. To update the phone software, you need the Nokia Software
Updater application and a compatible PC with a recent Microsoft Windows operating system, broadband internet access, and a compatible data cable to connect your phone to the PC. To get more information and to download the Nokia Software Updater application, visit www.nokia.com/softwareupdate or your local Nokia website. If software updates over the air are supported by your network, you may also be able to request updates through the phone. See "Software updates over the air", p. 32. Important: Use only services that you trust and that offer adequate security and protection against harmful software.

Nokia support

Check www.nokia.com/support or your local Nokia website for the latest version of this guide, additional information, downloads, and services related to your Nokia product.
Configuration settings service Nokia PC Suite
Download free configuration settings such as MMS, GPRS, e-mail, and other services for your phone model at www.nokia.com/support. You may find PC Suite and related information on the Nokia website at www.nokia.com/ support.
Customer service Maintenance
If you need to contact customer service, check the list of local Nokia Care contact centres at www.nokia.com/customerservice. For maintenance services, check your nearest Nokia service centre at www.nokia.com/ repair. Content owners may use different types of digital rights management technologies (DRM) to protect their intellectual property including copyrights. This device uses various types of DRM software to access DRM protected content. With this device you may be able to access content protected with WMDRM 10, OMA DRM 1.0, OMA DRM 1.0 forward lock, and OMA DRM 2.0. If certain DRM software fails to protect the content, content owners may ask that such DRM software's ability to access new DRM protected content be revoked. Revocation may also prevent renewal of such DRM protected content already in your device. Revocation of such DRM software does not affect the use of content protected with other types of DRM or the use of non-DRM-protected content. DRM protected content comes with an associated activation key that defines your rights to use the content.

Warning: Do not hold the device near your ear when the loudspeaker is in use, because the volume may be extremely loud.

4. Write text

Text modes
To enter text (for example, when writing messages) you can use traditional or predictive text input. When you write text, press and hold Options to toggle between traditional text input, indicated by , and predictive text input, indicated by. Not all languages are supported by predictive text input. The character cases are indicated by , , and. To change the character case, , press and hold press #. To change from the letter to number mode, indicated by #, and select Number mode. To change from the number to the letter mode, press and hold #. To set the writing language, select Options > Writing language.

Traditional text input

Press a number key, 2 to 9, repeatedly until the desired character appears. The available characters depend on the selected writing language. If the next letter you want is located on the same key as the present one, wait until the cursor appears and enter the letter. To access the most common punctuation marks and special characters, repeatedly press the number key 1 or press * to select a special character.

Predictive text input

Predictive text input is based on a built-in dictionary to which you can also add new words. 1. Start writing a word, using the keys 2 to 9. Press each key only once for one letter. 2. To confirm a word by adding a space, press 0. If the word is not correct, press * repeatedly, and select the word from the list.
If the ? character is displayed after the word, the word you intended to write is not in the dictionary. To add the word to the dictionary, select Spell. Enter the word using traditional text input, and select Save. To write compound words, enter the first part of the word, and press the scroll key right to confirm it. Write the last part of the word, and confirm the word. 3. Start writing the next word.

Navigate the menus

The phone offers you an extensive range of functions that are grouped into menus. 1. To access the menu, select Menu. 2. Scroll through the menu, and select an option (for example, Settings). 3. If the selected menu contains further submenus, select one (for example, Call). 4. If the selected menu contains further submenus, repeat step 3. 5. Select the setting of your choice. 6. To return to the previous menu level, select Back. To exit the menu, select Exit. To rearrange the menu, scroll to the menu to be moved, and select Options > Organise > Move. Scroll to where you want to move the menu, and select OK. To save the change, select Done > Yes. To change the menu view, select Options > Main menu view > List or Grid.

5. Navigate the menus

6. Messaging
You can read, write, send and save text and multimedia messages, e-mail, audio and flash messages. The messaging services can only be used if they are supported by your network or service provider.
Text and multimedia messages

Text messages

Your device supports the sending of text messages beyond the limit for a single message. Longer messages are sent as two or more messages. Your service provider may charge accordingly. Characters with accents or other marks, and characters from some language options, take up more space, and limit the number of characters that can be sent in a single message. An indicator at the top of the display shows the total number of characters left and the number of messages needed for sending. Before you can send any text or SMS e-mail messages, you must save your message center number. Select Menu > Messaging > Message settings > Text

Messaging

messages > Message centres > Add centre, enter a name, and the number from the service provider. A multimedia message can contain text, pictures, sound clips, and video clips. A multimedia plus message can contain also any other content, even files not supported by your phone. Important: Exercise caution when opening messages. Messages may contain malicious software or otherwise be harmful to your device or PC. To check availability and to subscribe to the multimedia messaging service (MMS), contact your service provider. You also may download the configuration settings. See "Nokia support", p. 9.
Multimedia messages and multimedia plus messages

Create a text message

1. Select Menu > Messaging > Create message > Text message. 2. Enter one or more phone numbers or e-mail addresses in the To: field. To retrieve a phone number or e-mail address, select Add. 3. For an SMS e-mail, enter a subject in the Subject: field. 4. Write your message in the Message: field. 5. To send the message, select Send. Add text, images, video or sound clips, business cards or calender notes into different slides and send them as an multimedia message. 1. Select Menu > Messaging > Create message > Multimedia. 2. Scroll to a slide and select Insert and a content type from the list. 3. Select Send and enter one or more phone numbers or e-mail addresses in the To: field. To retrieve a phone number or e-mail address, select Add. 4. For an SMS e-mail, enter a subject in the Subject: field. 5. To send the message, select Send.

Call log

Business cards
When you receive a business card, select Show > Save to save the business card in the phone memory. Assign phone numbers to the number keys 29 as a shortcut. 1. Select Menu > Contacts > Speed dials, and scroll to a number key. 2. Select Assign, or if a number has already been assigned to the key, select Options > Change. 3. Enter a number or search for a contact.
To send a business card, search for the contact, and select Details > Options > Send business card.
You can send and receive a persons contact information from a compatible device that supports the vCard standard.

Assign dialing shortcuts

8. Call log
To view the information on your calls, select Menu > Log. Call log to view your recently missed and received calls and dialed numbers chronologically Missed calls, Received calls, or Dialled numbers for information about your recent calls Msg. recipients to view the contacts to whom you most recently sent messages Call duration, Data counter, or Pack. data timer to view the general information on your recent communications Message log to view the number of sent and received messages Note: The actual invoice for calls and services from your service provider may vary, depending on network features, rounding off for billing, taxes, and so forth. Note: Some timers may be reset during service or software upgrades.

9. Positioning

The network may send you a position request (network service). Contact your service provider to subscribe and to agree upon the delivery of positioning information. To accept or reject the position request, select Accept or Reject. If you miss the request, the phone automatically accepts or rejects it according to what you have agreed with your network operator or service provider.
To view the information on the 10 most recent privacy notifications and requests or to delete them, select Menu > Log > Positioning > Position log > Open folder or Delete all.

Settings

10. Settings
Your phone has various setting groups called profiles, which you can customize with ringing tones for different events and environments. Select Menu > Settings > Profiles, the desired profile, and from the following options: Activate to activate the selected profile Personalise to change the profile settings Timed to set the profile to be active until an end time. When the time set for the profile expires, the previous profile that was not timed becomes active.

Navigation key

To assign other device functions from a predefined list to the navigation key (scroll key), select Menu > Settings > My shortcuts > Navigation key.

Voice commands

Call contacts and carry out phone functions by speaking a voice command. Voice commands are language-dependent. Select Menu > Settings > Phone > Language settings > Recognition lang. and your language before using voice commands. To activate a voice command for a function, select Menu > Settings > My indicates that shortcuts > Voice commands, a feature and a subsequent function. the voice command is activated. To activate the voice tag, select Add. To play the activated voice command, select Play.
To use voice commands, see "Voice dialing", p.17. To manage the voice commands, scroll to a function, and select Options and from the following: Edit or Remove to rename or deactivate the voice command Add all or Remove all to activate or deactivate voice commands for all functions in the voice commands list

Connectivity

Your phone provides several features to connect to other devices to transmit and receive data.
Bluetooth wireless technology
Bluetooth technology allows you to connect your phone using radio waves to a compatible Bluetooth device within 10 meters (32 feet). This device is compliant with Bluetooth Specification 2.0 + EDR supporting the following profiles: generic access, network access, generic object exchange, advanced audio distribution, audio video remote control, hands-free, headset, object push, file transfer, dial-up networking, SIM access, and serial port. To ensure interoperability between other devices supporting Bluetooth technology, use Nokia approved enhancements for this model. Check with the manufacturers of other devices to determine their compatibility with this device. There may be restrictions on using Bluetooth technology in some locations. Check with your local authorities or service provider.
Setup a Bluetooth connection
indicates that 2. To activate Bluetooth connectivity select Bluetooth > On. Bluetooth is active. 3. To connect your phone with an audio enhancement, select Search audio enhanc. and the device that you want to connect. 4. To connect your phone with any Bluetooth device in range, select Paired devices > New. Select a device and Pair. Enter a passcode (up to 16 characters) on your phone and allow the connection on the other Bluetooth device. If you are concerned about security, turn off the Bluetooth function, or set My phone's visibility to Hidden. Always accept only Bluetooth communication from others whom you trust.

Select Menu > Settings > Connectivity > Bluetooth and take the following steps: 1. Select My phone's name and enter a name for your phone.
PC connection to the internet
Use Bluetooth to connect your compatible PC to the internet without PC Suite software. Your phone must have activated a service provider that supports internet access, and your PC has to support Bluetooth personal area network (PAN). After connecting to the network access point (NAP) service of the phone and pairing with your PC, your phone automatically opens a packet data connection to the internet.

Packet data

General packet radio service (GPRS) is a network service that allows mobile phones to send and receive data over an internet protocol (IP)-based network. To define how to use the service, select Menu > Settings > Connectivity > Packet data > Packet data conn. and from the following options: When needed to set the packet data connection to established when an application needs it. The connection will be closed when the application is terminated. Always online to automatically connect to a packet data network when you switch the phone on You can connect a compatible PC to the phone by Bluetooth or USB data cable and use the phone as a modem. For details refer to Nokia PC Suite. See "Nokia support", p. 9.

Data transfer

Synchronize your calendar, contacts data, and notes with another compatible device, a compatible PC, or a remote internet server (network service). Transfer contact list To copy or synchronize data from your phone, the name of the phone and the settings must be in the list of transfer contacts. If you receive data from another device, the corresponding transfer contact is automatically added to the list, using the contact data from the other device. Server sync and PC synchronisation are the original items in the list. To add a new transfer contact to the list, select Menu > Settings > Connectivity > Data transfer > Options > Add transfer contact > Phone synchronisation or Phone copy, and enter the settings according to the transfer type. To edit or delete a transfer contact selectOptions. Data transfer with a compatible device

To connect use Bluetooth wireless technology or a cable connection. The other device must be activated for receiving data.
To start data transfer, select Menu > Settings > Connectivity > Data transfer and the transfer contact from the list other than Server sync or PC synchronisation.
Synchronize from a server To use a remote internet server, subscribe to a synchronization service. For more information and the settings required for this service, contact your service provider. You may receive the settings as a configuration message. See "Configuration setting service", p. 8. To start the synchronization from your phone, select Menu > Settings > Connectivity > Data transfer > Server sync. Synchronizing for the first time or after an interrupted synchronization may take up to 30 minutes to complete.
You can use the USB data cable to transfer data between the phone and a compatible PC or a printer supporting PictBridge. To activate the phone for data transfer or image printing, connect the data cable, and select the mode: Nokia mode to use the cable for PC Suite Printing & media to use the phone with a PictBridge compatible printer or with a compatible PC Data storage to connect to a PC that does not have Nokia software and use the phone as a data storage device To change the USB mode, select Menu > Settings > Connectivity > USB data cable and the desired USB mode.

USB data cable

Nokia PC Suite
With Nokia PC Suite you can manage your music, synchronize contacts, calendar, notes, and to-do notes between your phone and the compatible PC or a remote internet server (network service). You may find more information and PC Suite on the Nokia website. See "Nokia support", p. 9.
Select Menu > Settings > Call and from the following options: Call divert to divert your incoming calls (network service). You may not be able to divert your calls if some call barring functions are active. See "Security", p. 33. Voice clarity to enhance speech intelligibility, especially in noisy environments Anykey answer to answer an incoming call by briefly pressing any key, except the power key, the left and right selection keys, or the end key Automatic redial to make a maximum of 10 attempts to connect the call after an unsuccessful call attempt Speed dialling to dial the names and phone numbers assigned to the number keys 2 to 9 by pressing and holding the corresponding number key Call waiting to have the network notify you of an incoming call while you have a call in progress (network service) Summary after call to briefly display the approximate duration after each call
Send my caller ID to show your phone number to the person you are calling (network service). To use the setting agreed upon with your service provider, select Set by network. Outgoing call line to select the phone line 1 or 2 for making calls if supported by your SIM card (network service) Select Menu > Settings > Phone and from the following options: Language settings To set the display language of your phone, select Phone language. Automatic selects the language according to the information on the SIM card. To set a language for the voice commands, select Recognition lang. Security keyguard to ask for the security code when you unlock the keyguard Automatic keyguard to lock the keypad automatically after a preset time delay when the phone is in the standby mode and no function has been used. Welcome note to write a note that is shown when the phone is switched on Flight query The phone asks every time when it is switched on whether you want to use the flight mode. With the flight mode, all radio connections are switched off. Phone updates to receive software updates from your service provider (network service). This option may not be available, depending on your phone. See "Software updates over the air", p. 32. Operator selection Select Automatic to set automatically one of the cellular networks available in your area, Manual to select a network that has a roaming agreement with your service provider. Help text activation to select whether the phone shows help texts Start-up tone The phone plays a tone when it is switched on. Confirm SIM actions See "SIM services", p. 46.

2. To save a station to a memory location, 1 to 9, press and hold the corresponding number key. To save a station to a memory location from 10 to 20, press briefly 1 or 2, and press and hold the desired number key, 0 to 9.
3. Enter the name of the radio station. Select Options and from the following. Search all stations to automatically search the available stations at your location Set frequency to enter the frequency of the desired radio station Station directory to access a website with a list of radio stations Save station to save the currently tuned in station Stations to list and rename or delete saved stations

Change stations

Select or
, or press the corresponding number keys.

Voice recorder

Record sound
Record speech, sound, or an active call, and save them in Gallery.
Select Menu > Media > Voice recorder. To use the graphical keys the display, scroll left or right.
1. Select , or during a call, select Options > Record. While recording a call, all. parties to the call hear a faint beeping. To pause the recording, select 2. To end the recording, select
Select Options to play or send the last recording, to access the list of recordings and to select the memory and the folder to store the recordings.
. The recording is saved in Gallery > Recordings.

Equalizer

Adjust the sound when using the music player. Select Menu > Media > Equaliser. To activate a predefined set, scroll to one of the equalizer sets and select Activate.
Create a personal equalizer set
1. Select one of the last two sets in the list and Options > Edit. 2. Scroll left or right to access the virtual sliders and up or down to adjust the slider. 3. Select Save and Options > Rename to save the settings with a name.

Stereo widening

Stereo widening creates a wider stereo sound effect when you are using a stereo headset. To activate, select Menu > Media > Stereo widening.

Push to talk

14. Push to talk
Push to talk (PTT) is a two-way radio service available over a GPRS cellular network (network service). You can use PTT to have a conversation with one person or with a group of people (channel) having compatible phones. While you are connected to the PTT service, you can use the other functions of the phone. To check availability, costs, additional features and to subscribe to the service, contact your service provider. Roaming services may be more limited than for normal calls. This feature may not be available, depending on your phone. For more information about signing up for the PTT services and the usage, contact your service provider. To connect to the PTT service, select Menu > Push to talk > Switch PTT on.

15. Organizer

Always keep the wireless device more than 15.3 centimeters (6 inches) from the medical device when the wireless device is turned on. Not carry the wireless device in a breast pocket. Hold the wireless device to the ear opposite the medical device to minimize the potential for interference. Turn the wireless device off immediately if there is any reason to suspect that interference is taking place. Read and follow the directions from the manufacturer of their implanted medical device. If you have any questions about using your wireless device with an implanted medical device, consult your health care provider.

Hearing aids

Some digital wireless devices may interfere with some hearing aids. If interference occurs, consult your service provider. RF signals may affect improperly installed or inadequately shielded electronic systems in motor vehicles such as electronic fuel injection systems, electronic antiskid (antilock) braking systems, electronic speed control systems, and air bag systems. For more information, check with the manufacturer, or its representative, of your vehicle or any equipment that has been added. Only qualified personnel should service the device or install the device in a vehicle. Faulty installation or service may be dangerous and may invalidate any warranty that may apply to the device. Check regularly that all wireless device equipment in your vehicle is mounted and operating properly. Do not store or carry flammable liquids, gases, or explosive materials in the same compartment as the device, its parts, or enhancements. For vehicles equipped with an air bag, remember that air bags inflate with great force. Do not place objects, including installed or portable wireless equipment in the area over the air bag or in the air bag deployment area. If in-vehicle wireless equipment is improperly installed and the air bag inflates, serious injury could result. Using your device while flying in aircraft is prohibited. Switch off your device before boarding an aircraft. The use of wireless teledevices in an aircraft may be dangerous to the operation of the aircraft, disrupt the wireless telephone network, and may be illegal.

Vehicles

Potentially explosive environments
Switch off your device when in any area with a potentially explosive atmosphere, and obey all signs and instructions. Potentially explosive atmospheres include areas where you would normally be advised to turn off your vehicle engine. Sparks in such areas could cause an explosion or fire resulting in bodily injury or even death. Switch off the device at refuelling points such as near gas pumps at service stations. Observe
restrictions on the use of radio equipment in fuel depots, storage, and distribution areas; chemical plants; or where blasting operations are in progress. Areas with a potentially explosive atmosphere are often, but not always, clearly marked. They include below deck on boats, chemical transfer or storage facilities and areas where the air contains chemicals or particles such as grain, dust, or metal powders. You should check with the manufacturers of vehicles using liquefied petroleum gas (such as propane or butane) to determine if this device can be safely used in their vicinity.

Emergency calls

Important: Wireless phones, including this device, operate using radio signals, wireless networks, landline networks, and user-programmed functions. Because of this, connections in all conditions cannot be guaranteed. You should never rely solely on any wireless device for essential communications like medical emergencies. To make an emergency call: 1. If the device is not on, switch it on. Check for adequate signal strength. Some networks may require that a valid SIM card is properly inserted in the device. 2. Press the end key as many times as needed to clear the display and ready the device for calls. 3. Enter the official emergency number for your present location. Emergency numbers vary by location. 4. Press the call key. If certain features are in use, you may first need to turn those features off before you can make an emergency call. Consult this guide or your service provider for more information. When making an emergency call, give all the necessary information as accurately as possible. Your wireless device may be the only means of communication at the scene of an accident. Do not end the call until given permission to do so.
CERTIFICATION INFORMATION (SAR)
This mobile device meets guidelines for exposure to radio waves. Your mobile device is a radio transmitter and receiver. It is designed not to exceed the limits for exposure to radio waves recommended by international guidelines. These guidelines were developed by the independent scientific organization ICNIRP and include safety margins designed to assure the protection of all persons, regardless of age and health. The exposure guidelines for mobile devices employ a unit of measurement known as the Specific Absorption Rate or SAR. The SAR limit stated in the ICNIRP guidelines is 2.0 watts/kilogram (W/kg) averaged over 10 grams of tissue. Tests for SAR are conducted using standard operating positions with the device transmitting at its highest certified power level in all tested frequency bands. The actual SAR level of an operating device
can be below the maximum value because the device is designed to use only the power required to reach the network. That amount changes depending on a number of factors such as how close you are to a network base station. The highest SAR value under the ICNIRP guidelines for use of the device at the ear is 0.57 W/kg. Use of device accessories and enhancements may result in different SAR values. SAR values may vary depending on national reporting and testing requirements and the network band. Additional SAR information may be provided under product information at www.nokia.com.

traditional text input

UPIN 8 USB connector 13 USB data cable 31 video clips 36 voice clarity 31 voice commands 28 voice dialing 17 voice messages 23 voice recorder 39 volume key 13
wallpaper 27 web 43 welcome note 32 WML scripts 45 write text 18

zoom key

take a picture 36 text modes 18 themes 27 timer 42 to-do list 41 tones 27