Sunday, May the first, will be a big date for New York Chiropractors. The Eastern Chiropractic Graduates Convention will be held at the Hotel New Yorker on that date. Over four hundred Cihropractors attended the 1931 convention. This is the sixth annual meeting. There is a splendid program offered which practically amounts to a P.G. Course. Graduates from all schools are invited and urged to attend. -"A Discourse on 'Human Rights'" by "Rev. Edward Lodge Curran, Ph.D., of Cathedral College, Brooklyn N.Y." (p. 15) includes editorial preface: This splendid message was delivered to the 15,000 assembled guests at the recent Get-Together held jointly by the American Bureau of Chiropractic and the New York Chiropractic Society at Madison Square Guarden in New York City. This was the greates Chiropractic meeting ever held in the East and, possibly, in the World. The Right Reverend Father Curran is a staunch advocate of Chiropractic and Drugless Methods. He is a firm believer in the Civil Liberty of the People and a Champion of Human Rights. 1932 (May): Journal of the International Chiropractic Congress [1(6)] includes: -"News Flashes: New York" (p. 13): The Columbia Institute of Chiropractic of New York City will conduct a Practical Post Graduate Session from June 4 to June 20, 1932. The Instructors will be: Drs. A. Trappolini, J. Benjamin, E. A. Thompson, Major Dent Atkinson, Eugene Bernhardt, Frank E. Dean, J. Merendino, J. Wesser, A. Soren, and R. Getti. Fifteen dollars covers the cost to each practitioner who enrolls. ______ The Eastern Chiropractic Institute will hold the Eastern Graduates Chiropractic Convention at the Hotel New Yorker on May 1, 1932. A splendid program has been arranged. This is the sixth annual convention. It is expected that there will be more than 500 present to enjoy this annual educational and good-fellowship feast. The following program has been arranged: "Planning The Future of Chiropractic" - Dr. C.W. Weiant; "Germs" - Dr. J. Robinson Verner; "The A.M.A. and Chiropractic" - Dr. Walter S. Kipnis; "Scientific Motion Pictures and Lectures" - Dr. F.F. Hirsch; "Chiropractic" - F. Lorne Wheaton of Connecticut; "Sympathetic Nervous System" - Dr. Roy S. Ashton; "Endocrinology" - Dr. S.J. Burich of Indianapolis, Ind.; "Interesting Spinal Anomalies and Pathologies" - Dr. Elmer E. Gruening; "Back To the Spine" - Dr. C.M. Kightlinger, New York City. There will be only one banquet speaker and no long drawn-out after dinner speeches. The speaker of the evening will be the Rev. Arthur R. G. Hansen. Dancing will start promptly at nin o'clock p.m. Better make your plans to be there. 1932 (Aug/Sept): Journal of the ICC [1(9)] includes: -Editor LM Rogers DC discusses NCA Convention (p. 4): The editor had the privilege of attend the Annual Convention of the National Chiropractic Association which was held at the BookCadillac Hotel in Detroit, August 1 to 6, 1932. It was, without question, the most successful convention ever held by the National Association. There were more than eleven hundred Chiropractors in registered attendance the second day of the convention. How many more arrived later and did not register is problematical. The Perfect Back Contest held at the same time was a real inspiration to those in attendance and, if the editor recalls correctly, there were 48 entrants in the Michigan contest which was finally won by Miss Grand Rapids. Miss Ohio, winner of the Ohio contest, was also in the competition and the judges, Drs. C.W. Johnson, R.C. Snow, J.N. Firth and H.W. McNichols had a very difficult and trying task in selecting the final winner. Four Laymen artists and sculptors, and Mr. Robert L. Ripley of Believe It or Not fame assisted in the selection. The Masonic Auditorium was obtained for the huge public meeting and it was filled to over-flowing with enthusiastic spectators

Goldschmidt; Vice-President, Dr. William H. Werner; SecretaryTreasurer, Dr. Warren L. Sausser. ---------We wish to call attention of all chiropractors practicing in the State of New York the importance of having their case records in a safe place where they cannot be tampered with, and also to the fact that they should not use the title of Doctor or Dr., as they are not yet licensed to do so in the State of New York. Need we say more? -ad (p. 24):
The Columbia Institute of Chiropractic

(Established 1919)

Offers a Scientific Course in Chiropractic
----Large Clinic Bedside Experience Dissection Day and Evening Classes ----261 W. 71st Street, NEW YORK CITY -"American Spinographic Society" by Julian M. Jacobs DC of NYC (p. 29) -ad (p. 33):
Eastern Chemic Laboratory

A Department of

Eastern Chiropractic Institute
C.M. Kightlinger, Pres. 55 W. 42nd Street Fourth Floor NEW YORK CITY ---------A complete Urinalysis with a Chiropractic Interpretation ---------Laboratory located 1060 Broad Street, NEWARK NEW JERSEY 1933 (May): The Chiropractic Journal (NCA & ICC) [1(5)] includes: -"An open letter to Louis S. Reed, Ph.D., author of 'The Healing Cults'; A review and answer to Bulletin No. 16" by H. Lewis Trubenbach DC of New York School of Chiropractic (pp. 69, 30) -"The spinal nerve: an interesting treatise on a much neglected subject" by F.F. Hirsch DC, Department of Neurology, Eastern Chiropractic Institute (pp. 11, 28) -"News Flashes: New York: Research Association Meets" (p. 16): The Association held its monthly meeting at the Hotel Esplanade, Thursday evening, Apr. 20. Dr. C.W. Weiant of the Eastern Chiropractic Institute, was the speaker. His subject was "The Planning of Specific Chiropractic Research." After discussing briefly the spirit of scientific research and the acquisition of research technique, he outlined procedures to be followed in gather ing clinical data in various types of cases and in studying phenomena related to the intervertebral foramina and adjacent tissues - (Sent at request of Dr. Herman Rein, president of the New York Chiropractic Research Association). -"New York School News" by H. Lewis Trubenbach DC (p. 19) notes upcoming annual dinner dance; includes editorial; and: A distinguished visitor of April 7th was Dr. W.C. Schulze, president of the National College of Chiropractic. The good doctor addressed the student body on "Self Organization," which impromptu talk was enthusiastically received. An informal luncheon with several members of the faculty followed. ---------The big event of the past several months was the organization of the Alumni Association, including an amalgamation of the former alumni associations of the New York School and that of Carver Chiropractic Institute. Graduates of those institutions which had formerly been merged with these schools are eligible for membership.

charge. Trials were held in four different locations, Binghamton, Johnson City, Endicott and Kenmore. Juries in each instance acquitted the defendants and on motion of the Attorney General the other eighteen were discharged. One of the defendants, Chiropractor Earl S. Laman, was acquitted on two separate occasions of allegedly practicing medicine without a license, whereupon the prosecution sought an injunction to restrain him from practice. We quote from the brief of the Attorney General: "That the constituted authorities of the State of New York are powerless to deal with defendant through the criminal courts in so far as his unlawful practice of medicine is concerned, and plaintiff has no adequate remedy at law in that through defendant's long continued residence and practice aforesaid in Broome County, and the publicity aforesaid and other publicity and by reason of the activities of defendant and other chiropractors, many members of the community of Broome County, and particularly those from whom jurors are selected for duty in the trial of criminal prosecutions for the unlawful practice of medicne, have come to believe that, regardless of the law and the charge of the courts in criminal cases, chiropractors have a place in the community and are entitled to gain a livelihood in practicing chiropractic in this State, even though in so practicing they practice medicine." The quotation here is an excerpt from the complaint of the Peopole of the State of New York on the relation of John Bennett, Jr., as Attorney General for the State of New York, the Regents and the Commissioner of Educaton as Plaintiffs against Earl S. Laman, Defendant. 1935: Helmut Bittner earns LLD from German University of Prague (CINY catalog, 1957-59, in my CINY file) 1936 (Jan 3): James R. Drain DC, president of Texas Chiropractic College, writes to Craig M Kightlinger DC, president of Eastern Chiropractic Institute in NYC to indicate that TCC will cooperate with Cleveland and Ratledge Colleges in their efforts to organize straight schools together against the mixer movement; letter copied to CS Cleveland and TF Ratledge (Ratledge papers-SFCR Archives): Dear Doctor: I received your letter and I think your idea a good thing. The Texas Chiropractic College will do whatever it can to cooperate with you gentlemen. Just let us know at least thirty days ahead of time what you propose to do and what the paper is supposed to carry and we will try and do our part. Kindest regards, I am, Chiropractically yours,. PHOTOGRAPH
1936 (Jan 10): Craig M Kightlinger DC writes to CS Cleveland, asks for 2nd opinion re: case of wife of one of Kightlinger's instructors, instructor has asked for 2nd opinion (Cleveland papers, CCC/KC) 1936 (Jan 22): letter from TF Ratledge to Craig M. Kightlinger DC (Ratledge papers, SFCR): Dear Dr. Kightlinger: Some two weeks ago I received a copy of a letter from Dr. James R. Drain of the Texas Chiropractic College addressed to you under date of January 3, 1936. At that time I had no preliminary information upon which to consider the matter referred to in his letter and have been waiting for something to come from some direction supplementary that might indicate the meaning of that letter. Today I received your letter to me under date of December 20th, 1935, including your proposal concerning a publication of the Eastern, Universal, Cleveland, Texas and Ratledge Chiropractic Colleges. It seems to me that the idea is a good one and I shall be glad to cooperate with you in this matter to the extent of my ability. I would be glad to get further details at your earliest convenience, especially as to the expense involved in such a publication. Thanking you for your kindness and the complement you pay this institution in the proposal, and with best wishes, I am Very truly yours,. 1936 (Feb 7): letter to TF Ratledge from CS Cleveland (Ratledge papers, SFCR): Dear Dr. Ratledge: Letter just received about the 1200 word article. That is just right for this issue. So Send it along, as I want it badly. I also want your picture. I will gladly pay for the cut. Later we can use the same cut for your articles to the profession in the other proposed Journal. So I will wait on the article and the picture. I like your general enthusiasm in Chiropractic. So really, I must have it. With best wishes for you, the Ratledge School, and looking forward to receiving the article and picture in the very near future, I am, Yurs Very Sincerely,. P.S. Have article from Drain, Steinbach and undoubtedly one from Kight Soon. So You see I must have yours. 1936 (Mar 23): Craig M. Kightlinger DC writes to CS Cleveland, notes "joint ad" from "AFFILIATED UNIVERSITIES OF NATURAL HEALING" in Christmas issue (December?) of NCA Journal; notes also "We are holding our Ninth Annual convention on Sunday, April 26" and solicits $20 ad from CS; notes ad "will be a forerunner and will tell of the paper we intend to issue " (ACCA News?) (Cleveland papers, CCC/KC) 1936 (Mar): The Chiropractic Journal (NCA) [5(3)] includes: -Lee not guilty! Verdict ends three years of prosecution (p. 8); recounts ordeal of Lyndon E. Lee, D.C. of Mount Vernon NY, whose trial was postponed 29 times 1936 (Mar): Sho--me [1(1)], edited by Thomas F. Maher, D.C. at 3518 N. Grand Blvd, St. Louis and published by International Chiropractic Research Foundation (ICRF) makes its debut -Benjamin A. Sauer, D.C., New York Legislative Manager, authors State recognition for New York (pp. 9, (Apr 28): application of Eastern Chiropractic Institute to the Council of Chiropractic Examining Boards for rating on the CCEB's "Standard Scale"; notes that ECI pays $200 rent for a "public office building"; ECI is a for-profit corporation; principal stockholders include: *Craig M. Kightlinger (95 shares) *Julian Jacobs (95 shares)

We herin agree to pay Sixty ($60.00) Dollars every two (2) months for a period of not less than one (1) year, our first Sixty ($60.00) dollar payment herewith attached. This entitles us to our proportionate benefits derived from this Association: viz, one-half page in an advertisement, and one-and-one-half pages in articles and news items submitted by an authorized representative of our institution; such advertisement, news items, etc., to appear in the ASSOCIATED CHIROPRACTIC COLLEGES OF AMERICA NEWS every two months, and to be of such nature and content as to meet the general approval of the other members of the ASSOCIATED CHIROPRACTIC COLLEGES OF AMERICA.

Craig M. Kightlinger

Authorized Representative 1937 (Nov 10): letter from TF Ratledge to CS Cleveland (Ratledge papers, SFCR): Dear Dr. Cleveland: Have been uncertain as to possibilities of getting away for the time you designated as to probable dates of your Homecoming, on account of a faculty situation. I was forced very recently to discontinue the services of one member of the faculty whose duties I have had to personally assume. There is prospect of another change right after the final examinations which begin next week. However, I think I see my way clear to attend at about that date, or on the date specified by you. Am glad that you are getting the paper on its way for I think that it will be a ten-strike for those of us who participate. Confidentially! --- Have you heard from Kightlinger regarding any further suggestions as to school organization since I saw you? --Your reply to this question will be held in confidence. There is much that can be worked out in conference that cannot be done satisfactorily by correspondence. If you should find it more to your liking to have your Homecoming at a later date it will be agreeable to me. That is, before the holidays. On further thought, it might be better to have it during the holliday period, and if so, it will be O.K. with me. Very truly yours,. 1937 (Nov 29): letter from D.F. Wischer, D.C., Ph.C. of Milwaukee WI to CS Cleveland; notes he will be unable to attend "the clinical conference" due to other engagement; discusses Wisconsin chiropractic politics (Cleveland papers, CCC/KC): The reason I would like to have attended your conference, is because I really have another contribution to make to the profession, in x-ray interpretation, which is a recent discovery. In closing I want to wish the conference a big success and my best regards to Drs Kolar, Weiser, Firth, Craven, Kight and Drain. I do not recall having met the rest. 1937 (Nov): Journal of the ICRF (formerly Sho-me) [2(2, 3, 4)], edited by Thomas F. Maher, D.C. at 3518 N. Grand Blvd, St. Louis includes: -N.Y. Court of Appeals upholds chiropractic (p. 2): The Court of Appeals of New York State has just handed down a decision in the test injunction case against Earl S. Laman, Binghamton chiropractor, denying the motion of the attorney general for a court order restraining the defendant from the practice of his profession. This brings to a close the action first instituted against Mr. Laman in the Supreme Court of Broome County, on November 16th, 1935. Justice Andrew J. McNaught, presiding in that term, delivered a decision early in the Spring of 1936, denying injunctive relief and

I have your favor of the 23rd inst in which you set forth your contentions and reasons for them. Believe me, I know you were sincere. I have always found you so. You, personally, have endeavored to cooperate, but the thing that I cannot understand is this - outside of suggesting that nothing but Chiropractic subjects be recognized in any Standard for grading Chiropractic Schools you haven't in any way offered a constructive suggestion, nor, to my recollection has any ohter member of your group. I came to Grand Rapids last year with all cards on the table; appeared before your group and graded a hypothetical school. Presumably some of your fellows objected to the method. The most strenuous objectors were Cleveland and Carver, two who have been repeatedly invited to express their views and have refused to do so. I recognize the fact there were some objective features. It is quite true we don't operate schools, therefore it is necessary for us to have the counsel of school men. Without stating your reason you knock down the entire proposal and in the same breath accept a revamped medical set-up which cannot be put into operation simply because the schools won't accept the responsibility of assisting in policing the situation, and there isn't a Chiropractic organization in existence able to finance annual inspections of all schools. This is proven by the very fact of the schools promising to eliminate the shorter course and going ahead just as of old. You were not the first one to tell me you had documentary evidence to the fact longer term schools were taking short term students. I believe the majority of the difficulty exists in the lack of understanding upon the part of the schools of the details of our program. Apparently some have just closed their eyes to its merit. I contact the Boards of Examiners before whom most graduates sit in examinations requesting them to give me the grades of at least half dozen applicants from each school so that a general average in each subject could be obtained; and to see just how the various graduates were stacking up. By taking the Boards collectively any partiality that might be shown by one Board to a school of preference would be eliminated by the collective opinion, all in accordance with the wishes of the School Heads as expressed in Grand Rapids. This data is practically complete. It will serve two purposes: First, to check up on the previous standard, and , Second to show the value in percentage development of the faculties of each school. I believe it is necessary to have a conference on the subject and probably the earlier the better. Would it be convenient to you to make it June 18th? I can be in New York by 10:30 a.m. E.S.T. time leaving us considerable part of the day for the conference. I am forwarding a copy of this letter to Drs. John Nugent and R.M. Tripp with a request for advice as to whether this day will suit them. Should you wish any other member of your group to be present it is most agreeable to me. As ever,. 1938 (June 3): letter from AP Brugge DC, Sec'y-Treasurer of CHB, writes to CS Cleveland (Cleveland papers, CCC/KC): Associated Chiropractic Colleges of America News Att: Dr. C.S. Cleveland, President Dear Dr. Cleveland: We wish to thank you very much for your courtesy in having sent us a copy of Volume 1, No. 2 of Associated Chiropractic Colleges of America News, it was the first copy of such publication we had ever seen, we found many items of interest contained therein and, incidentally we noted likenesses of quite a number of professional people, whom it has been our pleasure to have personally known in former years and quite a number of others whom we have had dealings with. We have always had a very friendly feeling for the four institutions which formed the Associated Chiropractic Colleges of AMerica and, we hope such friendly feelings will continue. We do regret that not as many graduates from these respective Chiropractic educational institutions belong to this organization as we would like to have, but we do honestly feel that those who are affiliated with us

I cannot see any logical reason now why Universal and Lincoln will not join us. B.J. surely showed a genuine desire to cooperate and I feel that they can do no less. It cannot be said that our organization has any unreasonable or illogical basis upon which it proposes to proceed. Surely no chiropractic educator or other person who has given the matter serious thought can disagree with the belief upon which the ACEI is founded that it is better to teach chiropractic as a complete science and service in the field of health than "it is or would be to teach it as a part of some course which was a hodgepodge of conflicting ideas". If this thought is correct, then no chiropractic institution can possibly serve chiropractic as well, or its own graduates, as if it taught them chiropractic exclusively. Please write me what occurred at the NCA meeting as no news has so far filtered through to the Pacific coast as to what they did. They are definitely on their way out unless they become champions of CHIROPRACTIC instead of drug-LESS practice and naturopathy. They are through in California. They have been on the wrong side of every issue in this State where there was a struggle between chiropractic and naturopathy. They have never done anything constructive in California, and, as far as I can see, anwhere-else except to meddle and try to assume unwarranted authority over the profession. With kinest personal regards and best wishes for the success of your institution, I am, Sincerely,. 1940 (Sept 18): letter to Ratledge College from KC Robinson DC at 8 E. 41st St, NYC (Ratledge papers, SFCR): Gentlemen: I have recently published a book entitled "Types of Persons with Diets to Match". It is chock full of chiropractic philosophy from lid to lid. It approaches the human being, his type and his food from a new angle. It has been said by Mr. Arthur T. Holmes, and others, that a copy of this book should be in the office of every chiropractor. If you have a book shop in connection with your college and would like to carry a copy of this book and give it a review in your college paper or magazine, I shall be glad to send you a reviewer's copy free of charge. It retails for $1.00 per copy. Yours truly,. 1940 (Oct 4): TF Ratledge writes to CS Cleveland, congratulates CS for defending straight schools at NCA convention in Minneapolis against the NCA Council on Chiropractic Schools and WA Budden's efforts to introduce naturopathic concepts and mixer standards in accreditation process; notes BJ Palmer is enthusiastic re: Allied Chiropractic Educational Institutions; notes that military draft now hurting enrollment at Ratledge College (Ratledge papers-SFCR Archives) 1940 (Nov): National Chiropractic Journal [9(11)] notes: -"Chiropractic education: the day of short professional course is over" by Craig M. Kightlinger DC, president of Eastern Chiropractic Institute (pp. 9, 56):.We are for the longer course and have a 4 year course of 9 months each. We also maintain a 3 year course of 10 months each. We wish to give them more. We desire to teach in detail the following subjects: bacteriology, philosophy, psychology, neurology, orthopedy, pathology, symptomatology and diagnosis, anatomy, histology, physiology, hygiene, chemistry, gynecology, obstetrics, analysis, palpation, technique of adjusting, adjusting service, spinography, nerve tracing, first aid, dietetics, toxicology, jurisprudence, ethics, pulic health and we feel that even 3 years of 10 months each is not sufficient to teach them as thoroughly as we would like to in order that they may graduate as properly qualfied Doctors of Chiropractic.

1930 By Assemblyman Porter. 1931 By Senator McNaboe and Assemblyman Porter. This bill passed the Assembly 78-57 and was lost in the Senator 31-12. 1933 By Senator Feld. This bill was lost on the floor vote. 1936 By Assemblyman Hill. A second bill was introduced by Senator Thompson and Assemblyman Potter. 1938 By Assemblyman Peterson. 1939 By Assemblyman Peterson. This bill was defeated on the floor of the Assembly. 1940 By Assemblyman Peterson. 1941 By Assemblyman Peterson. ROLL OF HONOR No history of chiropractic legislation in the State of New York could be complete without the mention of the many individuals in addition to the above named sponsors of chiropractic bills in the Legislature. Many of the above named did heroic work in behalf of the bills they sponsored and we owe to them a deep debt of gratitude. The first chiropractor to make an outstanding contribution set-up a record of self-sacrifice that all who have followed have tried to equal. Louis E. Blackmer of Binghamton was firs to represent the chiropractors at Albany, and he remained as Legislative Chairman through 1915. In 1914 he had the able assistance of Harry F. Stowe and later in his regime that of Alma C. Shoemaker. Others to follow as Chairman of the Legislative Committee were: B.O. Ochsner 1916 to 1918 R.E. Hawley 1918 to 1919 Lyndon E. Lee 1919 to 1925 Benjamin F. Gilman 1925 to 1931 Z.L. Wilcox 1931 to 1934 S. Goldschmidt 1934 to 1935 Benjamin A. Sauer 1935 to 1937 From 1919 through 1923, Miss Marian Forbes acted in the capacity of lobbyist in Albany. Late in 1936 as a result of several conferences between representatives of the State Society, the Associated Chiropractors and the Federation of Chiropractic Societies of the State of New York, by mutual agreement, a Central Legislative Committee was formed. This first committee was made up of Benjamin A. Sauer, chairman; Lyndon E. Lee, secretary; and H.L. Trubenbach. The Legislative Campaign of 1937 and each year since has been conducted under the leadership of the Central Legislative Committee. Late in 1937, H.L. Trubenbach resigned as a member of this Committee and the American Bureau of Chiropractic was invited to appoint a representative to the Committee. William H. Werner was designated and served until late in 1938, at which time he resigned. Earlier in 1938 the Committee was enlarged to include a representative from the down-state Council of County Societies, H.E. Bernhardt being elected by them to serve on the Committee. At the same time the up-state Council of County Societies selected Henry Van Koevering to represent them on the Central Committee. The Central Committee has since continued to be a committee of four members following the resignation of William H. Werner. In 1939 Benjamin A. Sauer resigned as member of the Committee and the State Society elected S. Goldschmidt to represent them on the Committee. H.E. Bernhardt is the present chairman, and Lyndon E. Lee the present secretary. Working in co-operation with the Central Committee since shortly after it was formed in 1936, there has been a Central Legislative Committee Advisory Board. This Board is made up of representative chiropractors from all sections of the state, including representatives of all organized chiropractic groups and some who belong to no organization. The Central Legislative Committee acts as the working committee for the Advisory Board. Benjamin A. Sauer has represented the Central Legislative Committee at Albany during he legislative sessions each year since the formation of the Central Committee, with the exception of 1937. Others not connected with chiropractic whose friendship and help we deeply appreciate are: Former Speaker of the Assembly, Thaddius C. Sweet; former Speaker of the Assembly, H. Edmund Machold; and

to get an opportunity to join up with the N.C.A., especially to get an appointment to the Board that would compel the
Chiropractic profession to make a code just as if it were an industry and not a profession. He actually tried to do it. Got the job and I had to beat him to it by getting the votes of all the thorough-going Chiropractors against making a code, and the thing fell through. I wouldn't believe Slocum under an oath upon any subject, and under any circumstance. Surely you haven't forgotten all of these things. We never had a more untrustworthy man in the whole Chiropractic profession than Slocum. Yes, he is a lot smarter than Murphy, and to that extent is more dangerous because there is nothing that he would stop at to accomplish his ends.
Furthermore, we feel that the decision to recognize two mixing schools and only one straight school is a two-to-one vote for physiotherapy, regardless of the fitness of the mixing schools as educational institutions. Finally, we should like to point out that even the fully accredited schools fall far short of the ideals set forth in Dr. Nugent's book on CHIROPACTIC EDUCATION. In view of this, would not the fairer policy be to give no more than provisional recognition to any of them, leaving until the post-war period the task of realizing the ideal? We furthermore feel that the question of what constitutes chiropractic education is not a matter for a small group of men to decide or even for school executives to decide. It is a matter upon which no final decision should be reached until the opinions of all those engaged in chiropractic teaching as well as the outstanding leaders in the field (as perhaps represented by the official family of the NCA) have been aired. Such an interchange of ideas would certainly result in policies closer to the realities of the situation than those hitherto promulgated. Very sincerely yours,. 1943 (Nov 30): report by JJ Nugent DC to "Executive Board of Directors and Committee on Educational Standards" (CCE Archive #35-12-1938): New York School Situation: The school problem in New York is inextricably entangled in the fight for chiropractic legislation. They cannot be separated. To solve one is to solve the other. The attitude of certain individuals in New York regarding schools is a reflection of their attitude on legislation. Therefore, my time in New York on legislative matters has been devoted as much to the school situation as to any other. If legislation is enacted recognizing chiropractic in New York, all the present schools will have to go out of business. The schools, as they are at presnt, could not possibly qualify for recognition by the New York Board of Regents. All schoolmen, without exception, in New York admit that. There are no schols in New York which can meet even the NCA's requirements. For the NCA to fully approve any of these schools and then have them rejected by the Regents would be calamitous and would cause reverberations in many state legislatures of the country. What a weapon to place in the hands of our opponents with which to discredit our accrediting system. The Legislative Committee and their attorneys decided that I should be the one to handle all school and educational questions before the Commission. I think you can understand what the situation would look like if you had representatives from all the schools there with conflicting opinions and so forth. In preparation for that, I spent all of last week in the New York schools making a general survey, being prepared to answer any and all questions on corporate set-up, charter provisions, financial background, faculties, students, curriculum, and so forth. In the course of this work I explored with each of the school heads, the possibilities of amalgamation and the formation of one strong school. I realized that while I was getting information for the Commission hearings, I was also obtaining very valuable information for joint discussions on amalgamation. I am happy to report that all aeed that there should -- in fact could -be only one school under Regents' control. I proposed a joint meeting of school heads and this will take place in a week or so. To arrange details and make satisfactory arrangements for all concerned will not be easy but with patience and tact I am sure our end can be accomplished. The schools who wil participate are the Eastern Institute, The Standard School, the New York School and the Columbia Institute. All of the men involved, with the exception of one school head, feel that the NCA is doing a splendid job in New York and the most enthusiastic and eager are those who have less reason, since they are head schools which we have not mentioned in any classification of approval. It was most fortunate that I had explored the possibility and had formulated plans in my mind for amalgamation because that very question was raised by the Commission and was the source of lengthy

discussion. I was asked if I was goint to approach the Regents on the subject. I told them of my efforts and that it was my purpose as seen as a working agreement could be reached among the schools, to solicit the help of the Regents in melding the school to their desires. This made a great impression upon the Commission and there was much nodding of heads in approbation. I was later informed by the attorneys representing the Speakers of the House and Senate, who are observers at the hearings, that I could be sure of considerable help from influential sources. This is the indicated thing to do and if we are successful, we will have cleaned up chiropractic education in the Eastern Seaboard of this country. Further to this subject, I wish I were at liberty at this time to report to you of similar negotiation sin another section of the country. Important discussions will take place early in December. For the time being, I am not free to speak. However, I wish to assure you that the school situation is not so black as the few protests we have heard would indicate. Eastern Institute of Chiropractic: The flurry caused by Dr. Kightlinger's letters is not going to cause us to deviate from the settled policy laid down over the past hard fought years. Perhaps, in the interest of clarity of thinking, I should take up in detail the points set forth in the letter of the faculty of the Eastern Institute dated November 9, addressed to Dr. Rogers as Secretary of the NCA. It is the first clear statment of the school in all of the correspondence so far. The letter makes three points. I will take them one by one: (1) "We should have been presented with a bill of particulars concerning our deficiencies before any public action was taken in order that we might determine to what extent we should comply with prescribed conditions." Since October, 1938, when Dr. Crider and I held a conference with Dr. Kightlinger, the course at the Eastern has not changed. In fact, I can go further back to an inspection I made in 1936, and to volumes of correspondence and to notes of many conferences during the years 1938 to 1943. It is still as of this date, a thirty months course with 2311 sixty minute hours. It is still the same course as it was when Dr. Kightlinger put up his famous fight before the House of Delegates at Toronto. No one better than Dr. Kightlinger and his faculty know that the basic requirement for approval is a thirty-six months course of not less than 2600 hours. If that does not exist, everything else follows. "One does not have to eat the whole sheep to know that the sheep is tainted." I think that is a complete answer to his first point. In his second point he states: (2) "Schools which have declined to cooperate in any way or, which are outside the NCA, have not been penalized by having the fact published that they are not approved." Of course, we haven't published the list of schools not cooperating We dare not or we would be in legal difficulties. They did not ask for our rating and we, therefore, have no authority to rate them -- which we would be doing if we mentioned them in any connection with a list of schools approved. No other accrediting system mentions schools which are not approved. They simply do not appear on an approved list. Their very absence from the list is signficant enough. However, schools previously approved or on probation do appear on all lists. In any event, this point made by the Eastern is not an argument why Eastern School should be approved. The third point: (3) "There has been no disposition on the part of the NCA to strengthen schools financially in some way so that they might attain the desired standard, as, for example, by the creation of scholarships, publicity campaigns for students, endowments, etc. This is not an argument against the rating which Eastern was given. It's a continuation of the arguments which Dr. Kightlinger has made at many Conventions in the past against raising standards. It's an argument against the whole idea of rating any chiropractic school.

Dr. L.M. Rogers, secretary of the National Chiropractic Insurance Company of Des Moines, Iowa, presents a check for fifty thousand ($50,000.00) dollars to Dr. A.M. Schierholz, secretary of The Foundation for Accredited Chiropractic Education. This contribution makes a total of two hundred thousand ($200,000.00) dollars donated to FACE by the NCIC, and it is specifically earmarked for creation of a new, chartered, accredited chiropractic college on the eastern seaboard, preferably in New York State, plans for which are being implemented. -Chiropractic Day at the Worlds Fair (p. 26); includes photo of Charles Krasner, D.C., president of CANY, greeting army bandmaster -Chiro clinic on wheels (pp. 49, 53); mobile clinic sponsored by Chiropractic Association of New York; includes several photos -East coast may have new combined college (p. 54): Schenectady, N.Y. The dreams of progressive chiropractors in New York State for a merging of present Chiropractic schools into one super-college in this city have been moved a step toward reality. Both the American Chiropractic Association and the International Chiropractic [sic] Association have taken initial steps toward establishment of a Chiropractic college in Schenectady under the name Eastern Seaboard Chiropractic College.
The action consisted of applications to accept the Schenectady Industrial Development Councils offer of a college plant and 80 acres of campus facilities, with a reported value of $1,000,000. The Tri-County Chiropractic Society with a membership in Schenectady, Albany and Troy has been avidly promoting the establishment of a distinguished Chiropractic College on the Eastern seaboard to win recognition from both the State of New York and the Federal government. Final approval would be contingent upon the decision of the new board of trustees of the combined colleges. Serious proposals have been under consideration for the merger of the present Chiropractic Institute of New York and the Columbia Institute of Chiropractic into the Schenectady project. This would give a school more than 1,000 students. As members of the Tri-County Chiropractic Society said: This action would give us a superior, fully accredited, upgraded college of Chiropractic on the Eastern Seaboard. It would be a college with the dignity, decorum, prestige, campus atmosphere and facilities worthy of an institution of higher learning. A college of such stature could command accreditation by all important Federal and State administrative bodies, including the Office of Health, Education and Welfare and the new York State Department of Education. Various leading chiropractors in the New York City area have visited the proposed site and have been strongly impressed. Through procedures outlined by the S.I.D.C. it is considered possible that the campus site can be obtained gratis through a grant in aid from the H.E.W., following accreditation of the A.C.A. by the U.S. agency. The Tri-County Society has already pledged more than $70,000 toward the establishment of the college at Schenectady. The Chamber of Commerce of this city has promised to conduct a campaign for an additional $200,000 in funds for the college. Still another possibility which would add stature to the proposed college is a statement by the Dean of Faculty at Union University that a definite possibility exists that an affiliation could be arranged between the university and the new college. While recognizing there are many problems to be solved in the mergers of the already established New York Chiropractic schools, the Tri-County Chiropractic Society considers the action necessary to the future of Chiropractic in the state. Said a spokesman: The magnitude of this Schenectady project, with its existing ideal campus facilities and atmosphere, makes it imperative and of the most vital importance to insure the licensure of future practitioners and continue the unbroken lifeline of Chiropractic in the State of New York. The Tri-County group is conducting a statewide pledge campaign to obtain financial support for the project. -photograph and caption (p. 56):

Dr. Edwin H. Kimmel, member of the Board of Governors of the ACA, presenting new 50-star flag on behalf of the International College of Chiropractic to Dr. Thure C. Peterson, president, Chiropractic Institute of New York. -photo and caption (p. 57): 50 YEAR PRACTITIONER HONORED Dr. Lyndon E. Lee was honored at a banquet and dance held at the Hilton Inn, in Tarrytown, New York on November 6th. Sponsored by the Westchester Chiropractic Association, the banquet was in honor of Dr. Lees 50th year in practice. Born in 1887 Dr. Lee attended Amherst College before graduating from Palmer in 1915. Dr. Lee practiced for many years in New York City and still maintains an office in Mt. Vernon, New York. 1966 (Jan/Feb): Digest of Chiropractic Economics [8(4)] includes: -Krasner New York president in ceremony at Columbia Institute (p. 5); includes photograph of Drs. Krasner & Napolitano:
-photograph and caption (p. 11):
Institute of Chiropractic in New York City, that their body selected Charles Michael Paolino, student at Columbia, to receive a $100 scholarship. Dr. Daniel Surace, Dean of Students, presented the check to the recipient. The Foundation for Health Research, chartered and incorporated in New York State in 1950, established the Clarence N. Flick Research Award designed to stimulate interest by future chiropractors in the areas of chiropractic research. Three awards are presented annually to students enrolled in accredited chiropractic colleges. On December 8, 1965, the officers, faculty, and students were privileged to receive Dr. Lyndon E. Lee, Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Foundation for Health Research, and its Secretary, Howard A. Thomas. At an all-school assembly, Mr. Thomas gave a brief history of the Foundation for Health Research, its purposes, and function. Following Mr. Thomas address, Dr. Lyndon E. Lee presented Certificates of Merit to Ronald J. Aragona for his manuscript Are the Nerves Impinged and Daniel Nicoletti for his paper Wedging. Cash awards were presented to Douglas Egaluf, Richard Lembeck, and Peter Fasanelle for their research paper The Relationship of Spinal Distortions to the Symptomological Picture they Present. Following the presentation of awards to the Columbia students, Dr. Lee presented the Clarence N. Flick Memorial Award to Dr. Ernest G. Napolitano, President of the Columbia Institute of Chiropractic. The Annual Student Christmas Dance and Buffet, sponsored jointly by the Columbia Institute, Student Council and affiliated organizations, was held at the Sheraton-Tenney Inn in Queens, New York. More than 200 students and their escorts attended this festive function. The annual Faculty Dinner and Dance will be held at the famous Boulevard Restaurant in Queens, New York on February 5, 1966. Dr. Charles Krasner, President of the Chiropractic Association of New York, presented an inspiring two-hour lecture in the area of Chiropractic Principles and Practice to an all-school assembly on December 9, 1965. Post-Graduate courses in the areas of Chiropractic Technology, Xray, Laboratory, Physical and Clinical Diagnosis are being developed for the field practitioner during 1966. Specific dates and summary of courses will be announced before March 1, 1966. 1966 (Mar/Apr): Digest of Chiropractic Economics [8(5)] includes: -Paul Smallie, D.C. authors World-Wide Reports (p. 4); includes: LICENSES In N.Y., over 600 new licenses were issued in addition to those 675 who passed the 1st exam. 1800 took the exam in 1964. Twothirds of those applying are now licensed. -Charles Krasner, D.C., president of the Chiropractic Association of New York (CANY), authors State digest report (p. 58) 1966 (May/June): Digest of Chiropractic Economics [8(6)] includes: -Charles Krasner, D.C. authors State digest report: New York (p. 42) -A step nearer to reality: Eastern Seaboard College (p. 52); includes photo of Ed Kimmel, D.C. and others; and: On Thursday, March 17, 1966, at the Schenectady Army Depot Administration Building, federal and community officials met with members of the American Chiropractic Associations Board of Governors, representatives of the two merging New York City chiropractic institutes, Tri-County Chiropractic Society officer and other area educators. The community and military officials present were Mr. Frank Smith, president of the Schenectady Chamber of Commerce, Mr. Andrew Wood, president of the Schenectady Industrial Development Council, Mr. Thomas Hali, executive vicepresident of S.I.D.C., Col. Guy Campbell, post commander of the depot. Representing the American Chiropractic Association were Dr.

-Elections held by American College of Chiropractors (p. 68): A second vice-president and two Fellows have been elected to the American College of Chiropractors, Washington, D.C., it was announced by Dr. Frank Crystal. Dr. Lyndon E. Lee, of Mount Vernon, N.Y., who recently celebrated his fiftieth year in practice, has been elected second vicepresident of the college. Elected as Fellows of the college are Dr. Earl A. Rich, president of Lincoln College of Chiropractic, Indianapolis; and Dr. William N. Coggins, president of Logan College of Chiropractic, St. Louis. Dr. Crystal noted that these men were elected Fellows for their outstanding accomplishments in the field and their untiring efforts to further the art and science of chiropractic. 1967 (Mar/Apr): Digest of Chiropractic Economics [9(5)] includes: -Robert Stesen, D.C., president of CANY, authors State digest report: New York (p. 28) 1967 (May/June): Digest of Chiropractic Economics [9(6)] includes: -J.Joseph Allen, D.C., Assistant to the President of Columbia Institute and Research Consultant to the Chiropractic Association of New York, authors Elements of the health equation (pp. 10-1, 62-3) 1967 (June 25-27): Report of 34th Annual Congress of COSCEB at Chase Park Hotel, St. Louis MO (FCLB Archives): NEW YORK: Dr. Mosher Litigation has hurt Chiropractic in New York new graduates instead of taking the kind of examination being prepared for them by us, had to sit and take the Medical examinations in the basic subjects. The results were far from satisfactory. New York is the oldest accrediting agency in the United States. All schools must be registered by the State Education Department if theyre to gain recognition in terms of accrediting. All of our legislative bills were defeated, not because everybody was against them, but because there is a tendency in our State to stand still legislatively until the whole five licensing examination periods have been administered. The Attorney General has ruled that Chiropractors will benefit under Medicaid. 1967 (July/Aug): Digest of Chiropractic Economics [10(1)] includes: -full page ad for Graham Rockley Research Academy at Bayport NY (p. 51); Rockley is former research director for the New Zealand Chiropractic Association and for the Parker Chiropractic Research Foundation; includes photograph of Dr. Graham C. Rockley:
-New York convention adopts unique program (p. 55)
1968 (Mar/Apr): Digest of Chiropractic Economics [10(5)] includes: -Michel E. Merolla, B.Sc., D.C., editor of the New England Journal of Chiropractic, authors Massachusetts (p. 28) -Albert K. Klinger passes (p. 28); includes photo of Mr. Klinger and: Chiropractic suffered one of its greatest losses in Massachusetts history on January 15,1968, when Mr. Albert K. Klinger of Marshfield Hills, Massachusetts, died. Mr. Klinger was one of the most active chiropractic laymen in New England. He is survived by his wife, Mildred, and two daughters, Mrs. Alberta Toby and Mrs. Kristina Huber. Born in Bavaria, he came to this country as a young chemist and followed a career as an international representative in the medical drug field. At his retirement, because of ill health, he became a patient of chiropractic. From the first month as a patient he became a true disciple of chiropractic; and until his death, he devoted his full time, energies and experiences to the chiropractic profession. Al Klinger was organizer and director of the Massachusetts Chiropractic Laymens Association, Inc., which at one time had thousands of members. To promote the chiropractic philosophy he founded and built up a printing concern. He wrote and published monthly chiropractic news letters and articles and coordinated the establishment of laymans groups in Massachusetts. Mr. Klinger appeared at chiropractic professional and lay meetings throughout New England and New York. The Massachusetts Chiropractic Association, Inc., named him Chiropractic Layman of the Year and gave him honorary membership. The success of the legislative program in Massachusetts, which resulted in chiropractic legislation in 1966, was in great measure due to his efforts in molding favorable public opinion. The chiropractic profession, and especially those of us in Massachusetts, shall always be indebted to this wonderful, gentle man who devoted the last 17 years of his life to chiropractic. 1968 (June): ACA Journal of Chiropractic [5[6]] includes: -photograph & caption (p. 56):

Kimmel, Edwin H. An approach to functional cardiac conditions. The Chiropractor 1948 (Apr); 44(4): 10-11 Kimmel EH. Scientific research throws new light upon the efficacy of chiropractic. Michigan State Chiropractic Journal 1952 (Feb); 12(2): 2 Kimmel EH. An illustration of the integration of three of the therapeutic sciences: the overlapping of the mechanical, chemical and emotional therapies becomes evident. Journal of the NCA 1961 (Dec); 31(12): 29-30 Kimmel EH. Chiroenergetics. Digest of Chiropractic Economics 1993 (Jan/Feb); 35(4): 44, 46, 48-50, 52-3 Kirchfeld F, Boyle W. Nature doctors: pioneers in naturopathic medicine. Portland OR: Medicina Biologica, 1994 Lerner, Cyrus. Report on the history of chiropractic (unpublished manuscript, L.E. Lee papers, Palmer College Library Archives Lombardo, Dean M. William H. Werner and the American Bureau of Chiropractic: organizing a lay constituency. Chiropractic History 1990 (June); 10(1): 24-9 Lupica, Benedict. A new era of changing values. National Chiropractic Journal (NCA) 1946 (Dec); 16(12):18, 62 Lupica B. Educational aspects of Senate Bill #972. Journal of the California Chiropractic Association 1948 (Mar); 4(9):5,20 Lupica B. A student promotional plan for the future. National Chiropractic Journal (NCA) 1948 (July); 18(7):28-9 Moore, J. Stuart. "The great backward state:" the 50-year struggle in New York, 1913-1963. Chiropractic History 1992 (June); 12(1): 1421 Palmer BJ. Does Willard Carver tell the truth? Fountain Head News, Saturday, November 22, A.C. 25 [1919]; 9(10):1-2 Rehm, William S. In tribute to a living pioneer: Dr. Lyndon Edmund Lee. Chiropractic History 1981; 1: 46-50 Rehm, William S. Who was who in chiropractic: a necrology. In Dzaman F, Scheiner S, Schwartz L (Eds.): Who's Who in Chiropractic, International. Second Edition. Littleton CO: Who's Who in Chiropractic International Publishing Co., 1980 Post-War Amalgamations 1944: Universal Chiropractic College of Pittsburgh merges with the Lincoln Chiropractic College of Indianapolis Eastern Chiropractic Institute, Standard School of Chiropractic and the New York School of Chiropractic amalgamate, become the Chiropractic Institute of New York Detroit College of Chiropractic ceases operations; in 1967 its registry and alumni were affiliated with the National College of Chiropractic Metropolitan Chiropractic College of Cleveland, Ohio ceases operations and its registry and alumni were affiliated with the National College of Chiropractic Ross-O'Neil Chiropractic College of Ft. Wayne, Indiana discontinues operations
Schierholz, Arthur M. The Foundation for Chiropractic Education & Research: a history. Arlington VA: The Foundation, January, 1986 (unpublished) Schools of chiropractic and of naturopathy in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association 1928 (May 26); 90(21): 1733-8 Smallie, Paul. Encyclopedia chiropractica. Stockton CA: World Wide Books, 1990 Sternberg D. Boys in plight: a case study of chiropractic students confronting a medically oriented society. New York University, Ph.D. thesis, 1969 Trubenbach HL, Peterson TC. The doctrine of chiropractic: its nineteen tenets. Montclair NJ: New Jersey Academy of Chiropractic, 1942 (pamphlet in my CINY folder) Turner, Chittenden. The rise of chiropractic. Los Angeles: Powell Publishing Company, 1931 Weiant, Clarence W. Chiropractic in Mexico. The Chiropractor & Clinical Journal (PSC) 1921 (June); 17(6): 16, 45, 47 Weiant, Clarence W. Twenty-five years in chiropractic. National Chiropractic Journal 1946; 16(3): 13Weiant, Clarence W. Some early case histories bordering on the threshold of chiropractic. Journal of the NCA 1951 (Dec); 21(12): 12, 62, 64 Weiant, Clarence W. Chiropractic situation in Mexico. Journal of the National Chiropractic Association 1956; 26(6): 20Weiant, Clarence W. Chiropractic in Argentina. Journal of the NCA 1958; 28(1): 9Weiant, Clarence W. Anthropology and chiropractic. Journal of the NCA 1959; 29(3): 9 Zarbuck MV. Chiropractic parallax. Part 2. IPSCA Journal of Chiropractic 1988b (Apr); 9(2):4, 5, 14-6 Zarbuck, Mervin V. Chiropractic parallax. Part 6. IPSCA Journal of Chiropractic 1989 (Oct); 10(4):7,8, 19