1994. The Journal of Arachnology 22 :899 3
LOCOMOTOR BEHAVIOR DURING PREY-CAPTUR E OF A FISHING SPIDER, DOLOMEDES PLANTARIUS (ARANEAE : ARANEIDAE) : GALLOPING AND STOPPIN G
Stanislav N. Gorb' and Friedrich G. Barth' : Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Wien, Austri a Institut fur Zoologie, Universitat Wien ,
ABSTRACT. Locomotion ofDolomedes plantarius Clerck was examined using video analysis. The experiment s demonstrate a hitherto unknown aquatic mode of locomotion of Dolomedes during prey capture. In a spide r running on the water surface the powerful retraction of legs 1, 2 alternates with free flight above the water surface. The stepping cycle in this kind of galloping is five times quicker than in case of ordinary rowing. The experiments also show that the spider may use its elastic safety thread to actively stop its inertial movements after havin g stopped active locomotion on the water surface. To this end it grasps the thread by the tarsal claw of legs 4. Some ecological aspects of locomotory behavior in Dolomedes and the evolutionary origin of aquatic rowing and running are discussed.
Semi-aquatic fishing spiders of the genus Dolomedes occupy a heterogeneous habitat of emergent vegetation near open water and localize pre y by vibration stimuli of the water surface (Bleckmann 1984 ; Bleckmann & Barth 1984). After detection of a potential prey the spider move s rapidly over the water surface to capture its prey and then usually returns to its resting place. Its locomotion is a compromise response to the different physical conditions of solid substrates an d the water surface (Barnes & Barth 1991). On sol id substrates, Dolomedes uses an alternating tetrapod stepping pattern as is typical of terrestria l spiders ; on the water surface, however, the spide r switches to specialized aquatic locomotion wit h its ipsilateral legs performing a metachronal step ping pattern 4321 (Shultz 1987). Ehlers (1939) briefly describes surface film locomotion in several species of spiders includin g the initial phase of running towards prey in D. fimbriatus : third and then second legs rapidl y retract, often followed by retraction of the firs t legs. Both rowing (Shultz 1987) and wind-assisted movements or "sailing behavior" (Deshefy 1981) of fishing spiders have been studied. Locomotor behavior during prey-capture on th e water surface is more complicated than the metachronal stepping pattern during rowing. In this paper two questions regarding the locomotor be -
havior of fishing spiders are asked : (1) How doe s the spider move towards its prey? (2) What i s the function of the dragline attached to the spide r while running on the water surface?
METHODS We used subadult males and females of th e species Dolomedes plantarius Clerck (body length 1.52.5 cm) for the experiments. The animal s were kept individually in small jars in the laboratory and were not fed for 34 days before a n experiment. Buzzing flies (Calliphora vicina ) dropped onto the water surface 510 cm awa y from the spider served as prey stimuli. The spiders formed two experimental groups, (i) intac t and (ii) with spinnerets covered by wax. By using a mirror, the reactions of the spider s to prey were videofilmed simultaneously fro m above and from the side. For this purpose w e used a camcorder (Panasonic NV-MS1E) wit h "High-Speed-Shutter" positions at'/Soo s and '/, 000 s. With a video timer (Panasonic VW-CG2E) reaction times could be determined with a resolution of 0.01 s. Sequences of movements were reconstructed and drawn on the basis of singl e frame analysis (videorecorder : Panasonic NV-F S 100 HQ, 50 pictures/s). Apart from the movements as such, two additional parameters were determined : distance of passive drifting after having stopped active running towards the fly 'Current address: Department of Insect Physiology , Shmalhausen Institute of Zoology ; B. Chmelnickog o and speed along the first stretch of the runnin g str. 15 ; Kiev, 252601, Ukraine distance. In each experiment N individuals wer e 'Reprint requests to FGB. used to obtain a sample of n.

THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY
Figure 1.-Resting posture of Dolomedes plantarius. Legs L 1, R I , and L2 touch the water surface. The spider fastens itself to the solid substrate with a thread, indicated by an (*).

RESULT S

Resting posture. When resting, D. plantarius adopted a posture also typical of other Dolomedes species: legs 1 or 1 + 2 or 1 + 2 + 3 contacted the water surface, legs 4 always contacted the solid substrate. When resting the spider fastened itself to some solid substrate with a thread (Fig. 1). If an insect was dropped onto th e water surface near the spider, the spider usually responded with prey capture behavior. For intact spiders average reaction time was 1.8 s (SD = 0.6 ; N = 5 ; n = 32). In spiders with functionles s spinnerets the reaction time was significantl y longer, measuring 15.8 s (SD = 6.3 ; N = 3 ; n = 10). Moving towards potential prey. When onl y legs 1 were placed on the water surface, the spider occasionally jumped onto the water by successively moving legs 2 and 3 (Fig. 2). With othe r leg pairs also contacting the water surface film in its starting position, the spider ' s reaction con sisted of a quick turn followed by running to th e wave source. The spider's speed of locomotio n in this situation could reach 0.75 m/s (SD = 0.15 ; N = 5 ; n = 45). During ordinary rowin g the speed was only about 0.3 m/s (SD = 0.08 ; N = 5 ; n = 20). When running towards prey, D. plantarius used a leg pattern, which differed fro m the ordinary rowing leg pattern (Figs. 3, 4): (1 ) simultaneous abrupt retraction of legs 1, 2 an d protraction of legs 3 ; (2) for a short time the spider had no contact to the water surface ; (3) after landing, legs 4 both retracted abruptly (cor rection of direction); (4) legs 3 retracted. Con -
Figure 2.-Jump of hunting spider from the ban k towards wave source. Legs 2 and 3 move successively. The sequence 1 to 4 covers a time period of 0.1 s. Black dots show where legs touch solid substrate.
tralateral legs moved in synchrony. The duratio n of the stepping cycle was approximately 0.1 s. Spiders with functionless spinnerets and intac t spiders did not differ with regard to the movement pattern. As Fig. 3 shows, during such " galloping" the body of D. plantarius did not touc h the water surface, contrary to its behavior during rowing locomotor mode. While charging, the spi der produced a dragline (Fig. 5). Stopping near prey. The spider sometimes used its elastic safety thread to actively stop it s inertial movements after having stopped activ e locomotion on the water surface (Fig. 6). To thi s end it grasped the thread by the tarsal claws o f legs 4. The distance of passive inertial movemen t averaged 1.3 cm for intact spiders (SD = 0.3 ; N = 5 ; n = 18). For spiders with functionles s spinnerets and with no dragline the distance o f passive inertial movement increased to 4.5 c m (SD = 0.5 ; N = 3 ; n = 10). Course correction after failure.After havin g missed a prey animal D. plantarius usually reste d on the open water waiting for another prey produced vibratory signal. In this situation the reaction time averaged 3.9 s (SD = 1.2; N = 5 ; n = 32) for intact spiders but considerably larger (12.8 s; SD = 3.0 ; N = 3 ; n = 10) for spiders unable to produce a dragline because of functionless spinnerets. Threadless spiders attracted

GORB & BARTHLOCOMOTOR BEHAVIOR OF DOLOMEDES
Figure 3.Kinematics of one stepping cycle during running on the water surface from the side (left) and fro m above (right). After simultaneous retraction of legs 1 and 2 (2), no leg touches the water (free flight phase) (3). Legs 4 make the directional correction (4, 5). The sequence 1 to 6 covers a time period of 0.1 s.
Figure 4.Gait diagram showing stepping pattern s of Dolomedes triton, when rowing (after Shultz 1987), and of D. plantarius, when running. Contralateral legs move in synchrony.
by potential prey move toward the source of wa ter surface waves at a speed three times greate r than that of intact spiders. Intact spiders moved passively around two points : the point of threa d fixation by tarsal claw and the point of threa d fixation to the solid substrate bordering the bod y of water from where they started. After having located another prey signal the spider again ran towards the wave source. Prey capture. D. plantarius caught its prey with its front legs. In case of big prey items, it also used its posterior legs. In this situation all legs were used except the one holding the thread. After having immobilized (caught) its prey, all legs resumed their ordinary resting posture o n the water surface. In this situation the spider was

THE JOURNAL

ARACHNOLOGY
Figure 5.-Scanning electron microphotographs of leg 3 tarsal claws holding a safety thread (arrow).
connected to the solid edge of the water body by its safety thread. DISCUSSIO N Many arthropods have more than one mod e of locomotion. Aquatic insects such as beetles (Dytiscus, Hydrophilus), bugs (families Nepidae , Gerridae, Hydrometridae) (Wendler et al. 1985) , anisopteran dragonfly larvae and several specie s of different spider taxa (Ehlers 1939 ; Barnes & Barth 1991) both walk on solid substrate as wel l as row on the water surface. Locomotion on the water surface.Schultz (1987) describes ordinary rowing of Dolomedes triton quantitatively. He discusses two alterna-
Live motor programs adapted for terrestrial o r aquatic locomotion. Our experiments demonstrate an additional aquatic motor program fo r Dolomedes (Fig. 4). Thus, two different loco motor patterns exist on the water in differen t behavioral situations. In a spider running on the water surface the powerful retraction of legs 1, 2 alternates with free flight above the water surface. The stepping cycle in this kind of galloping is five times shorter than in the case of ordinary rowing. This behavior, on the other hand, is sim ilar to rowing in showing synchronized movements of contralateral legs and in correction o f direction by legs 4. Running at a speed of mor e than 0.7 m/s seems to be necessary for Do-

GORB & BARTHLOCOMOTOR BEHAVIOR OF DOLOMEDES time 0.1 s -
legs. Such a thread may also help to support balance during prey capture. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Dr. S. Anton for comments on an early version of the manuscript. The kin d supply of animals by Prof. Dr. A. Holl, Giessen is greatly acknowledged. This work was supported by a grant of the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF P 7882-B) to FGB and a fellowshi p of the University of Vienna to SNG. LITERATURE CITE D Barnes, W. J. P. & F. G. Barth. 1991. Sensory control of locomotor mode in semi-aquatic spiders. Pp. 105116, In Locomotor neural mechanisms in Arthropods and Vertebrates. (D. M. Armstong & B. M. H. Bush, eds.) Manchester Univ. Press, Manchester an d New York. Barth, F. G., S. Komarek, J. A. C. Humphrey & B. Treidler. 1991. Drop and swing dispersal behavior of a tropical wandering spider : experiments and numerical model. J. Comp. Physiol. (A)., 169 : 313322.
0-Figure 6.Kinematics of the movements using a thread : passive movements around the point of threa d fixation by tarsus claw (I) and around the point o f thread fixation to the solid substrate (2) ; active stopping by legs 4 movements near the potential prey after run ning (3). Filled circles show a point of thread fixation by tarsal claws, arrow shows general direction of locomotion. The time periods covered by the phase s shown in (1), (2) and (3) are given in the respectiv e figures.
lomedes because its prey may rapidly escape. The synchronous contralateral leg movements and directional correction by legs 4 suggest an identical evolutionary origin of aquatic rowing an d running. Thread. In several species of different taxa spiders use a dragline (safety thread) to faste n themselves to solid substrate during "normal " locomotion, when dropping and swinging during dispersal behavior (Barth et al. 1991) and when jumping (Parry & Brown 1959) and climbing back (Ehlers 1939). Our experiments show yet anothe r aspect of using such threads. After rapid running spiders need to stop near the prey. Spiders without thread may pass beyond their prey by mor e than four cm due to inertial forces after havin g stopped active locomotion. In the natural habitat this distance may be greater, owing to water and wind currents. The thread, which is used for stop ping the spider and holding it near the bank, i s produced by the spider during running to its prey and during active movements of the posterior

Bleckmann, H. 1984. Discrimination between pre y and non prey wave signals in the fishing spider Dolomedes triton (Pisauridae). Pp. 215-222, In Proceedings of the XVII International Congress of Entomology. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, Hamburg. Bleckmann, H. & F. G. Barth. 1984. Sensory ecology of a semi-aquatic spider (Dolomedes triton). II. The release of predatory behavior by water surface waves. Behay. Ecol. Sociobiol., 14 : 303-312. Deshefy, G.S. 1981. "Sailing" behaviour in the fishing spider Dolomedes triton (Walckenaer). Anim. Behay. 29 : 965-966. Ehlers, M. 1939. Untersuchungen fiber Formen aktiver Lokomotion bei Spinnen. Zool. Jb. (Syst.)., 72:

373-499.

Parry, D. A. & R. H. J. Brown. 1959. The jumping mechanism of salticid spiders. J. Exp. Biol., 36 : 654665.
Shultz, J. W. 1987. Walking and surface film locomotion in terrestrial and semi-aquatic spiders. J. Exp. ]Biol., 128: 427-444. Wendler, G., H. Teuber & J. P. Jandler. 1985. Walking and swimming and intermediate locomotion in Nepa rubra. Pp. 103-110, In Insect Locomotion. Paul Parey, New York.
Manuscript received 17 February 1994, revised 15 June 1994.

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6065 Shengyi Shengyi Nelco Nelco Polyclad Nelco Isola Nelco AlliedSignal AlliedSignal Nelco ******* Nelco Nelco Isola AlliedSignal Polyclad Nelco Nelco Polyclad Polyclad Isola AlliedSignal Isola AlliedSignal ******* Isola Isola Nelco Polyclad GE GE Nelco Nelco Polyclad Polyclad Nelco
S0401 S0401 N4000-2 N4000-2 PCL-FR-226 N4000-2 FR-404 N4000-2 FR-404 FR-402 N4000-2 FR-4 N4000-2 N4000-2 FR-404 FR-404 PCL-FR-226 N4000-2 N4000-2 PCL-FR-226 PCL-FR-226 FR-404 FR-404 FR-402 FR-402 FR-4 FR-404 FR-404 N4000-2 PCL-FR-11730 N4000-2 N4000-2 PCL-FR-226 PCL-FR-226 N4000-2 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 1/1 3/3 1/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 2/2 3/3 3/3 4/3 0.0035 0.0035 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 24 RTF RTF,Sealed Pkgs Reg Cu,Seal Pkg RTF Non UV Non UV RTF RTF Seal Pk,RTF RTF Shiny Copper Reg Cu Mfgr: QLP RTF RTF RTF,Seal Pkg Sealed Pkgs Sealed Pkgs Sealed Pkgs RTF RTF RTF 175
H/H 0.0040 H/H 0.0040 1/0 1/1 4/4 5/5 1/0 1/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/H 1/H 1/H 2/0 2/1 2/1 2/1 2/1 2/2 2/2 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050

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2/2 2/H 3/2 3/3 4/4 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 24 18.5 x 24.x x x x 21

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H/H 0.0050 H/H 0.0050 H/H 0.0050 H/H 0.0050 H/H 0.0050 H/H 0.0050 H/H 0.0050 1/H 2/1 4/4 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/H 2/1 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 3/3 4/2 0.0053 0.0053 0.0055 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060 0.0060

MLF-21 PCL-FR-226 FR-404 N4000-2 FR-402 N4000-2 GFN-125 N4000-PCL-FR-226 JL-THY MLF-21 FR-4 MLF-21 FR-4 PCL-FR-226 FR-4 PCL-FR-226 FR-4 FR-402 R1766T FR-402 PCL-FR-226 FR-404 FR-4 PCL-FR-226 PCL-FR-226 KB-6160 PCL-FR-226 PCL-FR-226 FR-4 IS402 PCL-FR-226 NP-140TL FR-404 FR-404 FR-404 N4000-2 FR-404 LS-4Y 11730 PCL-FR-226 FR-404 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4
2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 3/1 3/2 3/H 4/2 H/0 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080 0.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 24

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H/H 0.0080 H/H 0.0080 H/H 0.0080 H/H 0.0080 H/H 0.0080 0/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/H 1/H 1/H 1/H 1/H 2/1 2/1 2/2 2/2 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100

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2/2 2/2 2/2 3/3 H/0 H/0 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.0100 0.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 24

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H/H 0.0100 H/H 0.0100 H/H 0.0100 H/H 0.0100 H/H 0.0100 10/10 0.0110 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/H 1/H 1/H 1/H 2/2 2/H 3/1 3/3 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120 0.0120

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150 34

Non Uv RTF RTF

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H/H 0.0120 0/0 1/0 1/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140

Shiny Copper

90 101

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35 412

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1/1 1/H 1/H 2/1 2/1 2/1 2/1 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/H 4/4 H/0 H/0 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.0140 0.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 12

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Fingerprints RTF Shiny Copper RTF
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H/H 0.0140 H/H 0.0140 H/H 0.0140 H/H 0.0140 H/H 0.0140 H/H 0.0140 H/H 0.0140 Q/Q 0.0140 1/0 1/1 2/0 2/0 0/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/H 0.0150 0.0150 0.0150 0.0150 0.0160 0.0160 0.0160 0.0160 0.0160
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2/1 2/1 2/2 0.0160 0.0160 0.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 48
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H/H 0.0160 H/H 0.0160 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 2/2 0.0170 0.0170 0.0170 0.0170 0.0170 0.0170

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RTF,.022 OA Sealed Pkg,RTF

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H/H 0.0170 H/H 0.0170 0/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/H 2/1 2/1 2/1 2/2 2/2 0.0180 0.0180 0.0180 0.0180 0.0180 0.0180 0.0180 0.0180 0.0180 0.0180 0.0180
RTF RTF RTF RTF RTF Reg Cu RTF
H/H 0.0180 H/H 0.0180 H/H 0.0180 H/H 0.0180 0/0 1/0 2/2 3/3 0/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/H 1/H 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0210 0.0210 0.0210 0.0210 0.0210 0.0210 0.0210 0.0210 0.0210 0.0210 0.0210
Non UV Block Reg Cu Trans Black

orig pkg

Factory Pkg. Shiny Copper Non UV

Page 7 of 17

Nan Ya Polyclad Polyclad Isola NVF NVF Isola ******* Ventec Isola Isola Isola Isola Nelco AlliedSignal Nelco Nelco Isola Polyclad ******* ******* Isola AlliedSignal Polyclad Polyclad Norplex Mass Lam Inc. Polyclad Polyclad Isola Mass Lam Inc. Polyclad Polyclad Matsushita Polyclad Polyclad Taiwan Leader Kingboard Kingboard S. Nanya Polyclad Isola Polyclad
NP-140TL PCL-FR-226 PCL-FR-226 FR-404 EG-925 EG-925 MLF-21 FR-4 VT-48 MLF-21 FR-404 FR-404 FR-404 N4000-2 ED130 N4000-2 N4000-2 MLF-21 PCL-FR-226 FR-4 FR-4 IS402 FR-404 PCL-FR-226 PCL-FR-226 ED130 FR-4 PCL-FR-226 PCL-FR-104 IS402 FR-4 PCL-FR-226 PCL-FR-226 R1766F PCL-FR-226 PCL-FR-226 FR4 135ML KB-6164 KB-6164 SNL4 PCL-FR-226 FR-404 PCL-FR-226 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4
2/2 2/2 3/3 5/5 H/0 0.0210 0.0210 0.0210 0.0210 0.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 24 14.2 x 21.x x x x x x x x 24
Shiny Copper Double Treat.031 Overall
H/H 0.0210 H/H 0.0210 H/H 0.0210 H/H 0.0210 H/H 0.0210 H/H 0.0210 1/1 1/1 1/1 2/0 2/1 2/2 2/2 3/3 3/3 4/4 0.0240 0.0240 0.0240 0.0240 0.0240 0.0240 0.0240 0.0240 0.0240 0.0240

Seal Pkg, RTF,Hi Tg

Reg Cu RTF,Factory Pkg 1st Article RTF Non UV Reg Cu RTF Double Treat.031 Overall Mfgr: MLI.037" OA Light Water Spots
H/H 0.0240 H/H 0.0240 1/0 2/1 2/1 2/2 3/3 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/H 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 0.0250 0.0250 0.0250 0.0250 0.0250 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280

Shiny Copper Oxidation

Double Treat Double Treat
RTF,Seal Pkg Double Treat

Orig. Pkg.

Page 8 of 17
Isola Synthane Isola Isola Isola Synthane AlliedSignal Polyclad Polyclad Polyclad Isola Hong Tai ******* ******* NVF Norplex Polyclad ******* Synthane Taiwan Leader ******* Taiwan Leader Isola Shinemore GE Nan Ya AlliedSignal Kingboard Shengyi Shinemore US Prolam NVF Norplex GE NVF Nan Ya Westinghouse NVF Hong Tai Nan Ya Isola Hong Tai Kingboard

FR-404 FB650 IS402 FR-404 FR-404 FB650 FR-404 PCL-FR-226 PCL-FR-226 PCL-FR-226 MLF-21 HTE-420 FR-4 FR-4 EG-873 ED130 PCL-FR-104 FR-4 FB650 JL-THY FR-4 Unknown JL-THY FR-402 SM730R 11635 FR-4-86 UV ED130 KB-6150 S1141 SM730R FR-4 EG-873 EDEG-873 FR-4-86 UV 65M38 EG-873 HTE-410 NP-140TL MLF-31 HTE-410 KB-6160 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4
2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 3/3 3/3 E/E 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.0280 0.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 21
RTF RTF RTF Factory Pkg Orig. Pkg, Dbl Treat

RTF 1/8 oz,carrier

H/H 0.0280 H/H 0.0280 0/0 0/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310

Trans Black

244 201
Non UV,mild oxid Verify Stock 2nds surf, Black Double Treat

RTF Blue,Etch Off

Black Black FR-4

Non UV,USP

B Grade Surface
.031 Base,Seal Pkgs Sealed Packs

Page 9 of 17

Electroply Shinemore Polyclad Polyclad Ching Kuang Ching Kuang ******* Isola ******* ******* Panasonic ******* NVF Isola Isola ******* Shinemore Ventec Nan Ya S. Nanya Nan Ya AlliedSignal ******* Nan Ya S. Nanya Hong Tai Nan Ya ******* Nan Ya ******* AlliedSignal ******* Polyclad Isola Isola Isola Panasonic ******* Electroply ******* ******* Nan Ya *******
GFN-125 SM730R PCL-FR-226 PCL-FR-226 CC-5420 CC-5420 FR-4 FR-402 FR-4 FR-4 R1766T FR-4 EG-873 ED130UV IS402 FR-4 SM730R VT-48 FR-4-86 UV SNL4 NP-140TL ED130UV FR-4 FR-4-86 UV SNL4 HTE-410 FR-4-86 UV FR-4 FR-4-86 UV FR-4 FR-404 FR-4 PCL-FR-226 IS400 IS400 IS400 R1766GH FR-4 GFN-125 FR-4 FR-4 NP-140TL FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4
2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 3/0 3/3 4/4 4/4 5/0 H/0 H/0 H/0 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.0310 0.x x 18 14.2 x 21.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 21.x x x x x x x 18 8xx x x x x x x x x x x x x 18

Reg Cu.037 overall

185 247

First Article

Mfrgr: MLI.042 Overall High Tg

H/H 0.0310 H/H 0.0310 H/H 0.0310 H/H 0.0310 H/H 0.0310 H/H 0.0310 H/H 0.0310 H/H 0.0310 H/H 0.0310 H/H 0.0310 H/H 0.0310 H/H 0.0310 H/H 0.0310 H/H 0.0310 0/0 1/0 1/1 5/5 0.0340 0.0350 0.0350 0.0350

1740 20

17.75x24
Black,For Unclad.047 Overall 2nds Surf A few water spots 2nds
H/H 0.0350 H/H 0.0350 H/H 0.0350 1/1 2/2 3/3 0/0 0/0 1/1 1/1 0.0360 0.0380 0.0380 0.0390 0.0390 0.0390 0.0390

.038 OA, RTF.031 Base

100 30

Reg Cu B Surf

Page 10 of 17
******* ******* Kingboard Doosan Kingboard Nan Ya Kingboard Kingboard Isola ******* ******* Polyclad Shinemore Nan Ya Isola Shinemore Isola ******* ******* Polyclad Polyclad ******* Taiwan Leader ******* Polyclad Westinghouse ******* Isola Isola Isola Nelco Isola ******* ******* ******* Isola ******* Nan Ya Isola Nan Ya Holley AlliedSignal Isola
FR-4 FR-4 KB-6164 DS-7408 KB-6160 NP-140TL KB-6164 KB-6160 MLF-31 FR-4 FR-4 PCL-FR-226 SM730R NP-140TL FR-404 SM730R IS402 FR-4 FR-4 PCL-FR-226 PCL-FR-226 FR-4 LS-4Y FR-4 PCL-FR-104 65M38 FR-4 MLF-31 IS402 MLF-31 N4000-2 MLF-21 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 IS402 FR-4 FR-4-86 UV ED130UV FR-4-86 UV H130 FR-404 ED130UV FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4
1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 2/1 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 0.0390 0.0390 0.0390 0.0390 0.0390 0.0390 0.0390 0.0390 0.0390 0.0390 0.0390 0.0390 0.0390 0.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 36

.039 Overall Sealed Pkg.

Mfgr: True Shiny Copper RTF,.044 OA Sealed Pkg DT
H/H 0.0390 H/H 0.0390 H/H 0.0390 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 2/2 0.0400 0.0400 0.0400 0.0400 0.0400 0.0400 0.0400 0.0400 0.0400 0.0400

Shiny Copper G10

Unclad Unclad
RTF First Article.043" OA Non UV.040 OA
H/H 0.0400 3/3 2/2 0.0420 0.0425

.042 OA, RTF DT,.047oa Double Treat Sealed Pkg

20 106

H/H 0.0425 H/H 0.0450 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 1/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470

G10 Sealed Pkgs

Page 11 of 17
******* S. Nanya Nan Ya Taiwan Leader Kingboard GE AlliedSignal Kingboard Nan Ya NVF Shinemore NVF Nan Ya Polyclad NVF Taiwan Leader AlliedSignal ******* Isola ******* Polyclad ******* Isola Synthane Polyclad Polyclad ******* AlliedSignal Nan Ya Nan Ya Isola S. Nanya Nan Ya S. Nanya Nan Ya Isola NVF Nan Ya ******* ******* Nelco Nelco Nelco
FR-4 SNL4 FR-4-86 UV LS-4Y KB-ED130UV KB-6164 FR-4-86 UV EG-873 SM730R EG-873 FR-4-86 UV PCL-FR-104 EG-873 LS-4Y ED130UV FR-4 ED130UV FR-4 PCL-FR-104 FR-4 IS402 FB600 PCL-FR-226 PCL-FR-226 FR-4 ED130 FR-4-86 UV FR-4-86 UV ED130UV SNL4 FR-4-86 SNL4 FR-4-86 ED130UV EG-873 FR-4-86 UV FR-4 FR-4 N4000-2 N4000-7 N4000-2 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4
1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 4/4 5/5 5/5 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.0470 0.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 24
B Grade Mild Surface Non UV Sealed Pkg

Light Scratches Non UV

Seal Pkg Non UV, Old
H/H 0.0470 H/H 0.0470 H/H 0.0470 H/H 0.0470 H/H 0.0470 H/H 0.0470 H/H 0.0470 H/H 0.0470 H/H 0.0470 H/H 0.0470 H/H 0.0470 H/H 0.0470 H/H 0.0470 0/0 2/0 2/2 3/3 3/3 0.0500 0.0500 0.0500 0.0500 0.0520

RTF Non UV Non UV

Non UV Fingerprints Non UV

.050 OA,DT.052 OA

Page 12 of 17
******* ******* International Norplex ******* Polyclad ******* Polyclad ******* Westinghouse ******* ******* Nelco Isola Polyclad Nan Ya Nan Ya ******* ******* Doosan S. Nanya ******* Shinemore Shengyi ******* Nan Ya Kingboard Doosan Ching Kuang Chetek ******* Kingboard Kingboard Holley/Xinsheng AlliedSignal Grace Synthane S. Nanya ******* ******* ******* ******* International

FR-4 FR-4 ILM-R1 ED130 FR-4 PCL-FR-104 FR-4 PCL-FR-104 FR-4 65M38 FR-4 FR-4 N4000-7 ED130UV PCL-FR-104 FR-4-86 UV FR-4-86 UV FR-4 FR-4 DS-7405 SNL4 FR-4 SM730R S1141 FR-4 FR-4-86 UV KB-6160 DS-7405 CC-5420 Che-411 FR-4 Unknown KB-6160 KB-6160 H140 ED130UV FR-4-97 UV FB650 SNL4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 ILM-R1 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4
0.0590 0/0 1/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 18

Logo, Non UV

Blue, Mild B Surface

Blue High Td

181 28

Dry Edge 3" Blue

Mfgr: Holley
Mfgr:Uniplus Blue Blue-B Surf

Page 13 of 17

Shengyi Nelco Kingboard Isola Isola Shinemore Polyclad GE Polyclad NVF Polyclad NVF ******* GE Polyclad Shinemore Kingboard Shengyi Isola Taiwan Leader Taiwan Leader Isola ******* Polyclad Isola Nan Ya Nan Ya ******* ******* NVF Holley/Xinsheng ******* Doosan ******* Holley ******* ******* Ventec Nelco Isola Shengyi ******* Isola
S1141 N4000-7 KB-6160 MLF-31 ED130UV SM730R PCL-FR-PCL-FR-104 EG-873 PCL-FR-104 EG-873 FR-PCL-FR-226 SM730R KB-6160 S1141 MLF-31 LS-4Y LS-4Y ED130UV FR-4 PCL-FR-104 ED130UV FR-4-86 UV FR-4-86 UV FR-4 FR-4 EG-873 H140 FR-4 DS-7405 FR-4 H150 FR-4 FR-4 VT-48 N4000-7 ED130UV S1141 FR-4 ED130UV FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4
2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 3/0 3/0 3/0 3/0 3/0 3/0 3/0 3/0 3/1 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 3/3 4/0 4/0 4/4 4/4 4/4 5/0 5/5 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.0590 0.x x x x x x x x x x 19.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 21

High Td

Non UV Non UV Non UV B Surface

B Surf

.059 Core

Light Scratch,FPs

Non UV, Water Stains Some Scratches
H/H 0.0590 H/H 0.0590 H/H 0.0590 H/H 0.0590 H/H 0.0590 H/H 0.0590 H/H 0.0590 H/H 0.0590 H/H 0.0590 H/H 0.0590 H/H 0.0590 H/H 0.0590 H/H 0.0590

High CTI >400

Blue-B Surf

Mid Tg,Hi Td High Td

Blue, 2nds Surf

Page 14 of 17

International Norplex Kingboard Polyclad Isola Ching Kuang Electroply NVF Polyclad Iteq Polyclad NVF Taiwan Leader Nelco ******* ******* ******* Nan Ya ******* ******* ******* ******* Ching Kuang Electroply ******* ******* ******* GE Nan Ya Isola Holley S. Nanya Isola Nan Ya Shinemore International Doosan AlliedSignal GE GE Taiwan Leader Nan Ya Ching Kuang
ILM-R1 ED130 KB-6160 PCL-FR-226 FR-404 CC-5420 GFG-150 EG-873 PCL-FR-226 IT140 PCL-FR-226 EG-873 LS-4Y N4000-2 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4-86 UV FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 CC-5420 GFN-125 FR-4 FR-4 FR-FR-4-86 UV ED130UV H130 SNL4 E-Cu 104 FR-4-86 UV SM730R ILM-R1 DS-7405 ED130UV LS-4Y FR-4-86 UV CC-5400 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4
H/H 0.0590 H/H 0.0590 H/H 0.0590 Q/Q 0.0590 T/T 2/2 3/3 5/5 3/3 0.0590 0.0620 0.0620 0.0660 0.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 36

Blue, 2nds

3/8 oz Cu Brushed

.068", B surf

H/H 0.0680 2/2 5/5 0.0700 0.0700

RTF B Surface

H/H 0.0700 1/1 1/1 3/3 1/0 1/1 0/0 0/0 1/1 2/2 0.0720 0.0720 0.0740 0.0750 0.0750 0.0780 0.0780 0.0780 0.0780

.074OA Mfgr: QLP

Mfgr: QLP.076 Overall

Non UV,Water Spots

H/H 0.0850 5/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 1/0 1/0 1/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0 2/0 0.0880 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930

.088 Overall

Black Needs Brushed

Needs Brushed

B Surface

Non UV Needs Brushed

B Surf Non UV Block

Page 15 of 17

Nan Ya Westinghouse Kingboard Isola Ching Kuang Ching Kuang S. Nanya Nelco Isola ******* ******* S. Nanya ******* Shinemore Norplex NVF Shengyi ******* ******* Electroply GE Kingboard Kingboard Kingboard ******* ******* ******* ******* ******* ******* ******* NVF International ******* Shengyi Taiwan Leader NVF ******* Norplex Kingboard Doosan ******* Isola
FR-4-86 UV 65M38 KB-6160 E-Cu 104 CC-5420 CC-5420 SNL4 N4000-7 ED130UV FR-4 FR-4 SNL4 FR-4 SM730R ED130 EG-873 S1141 FR-4 FR-4 GFN-KB-6160 KB-6160 KB-6160 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 EG-873 ILM-R1 FR-4 S1141 LS-4Y EG-873 FR-4 ED130 KB-6160 DS-7405 FR-4 E-Cu 104 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4
2/0 2/0 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 3/0 3/0 3/3 3/3 5/0 5/0 5/0 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.0930 0.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 18

Water Stains

1st Article High Td
Blue True TL-42 11.75x24 Black

Non UV Non UV

Orig. Pkg.093 Ov Non UV Etch Material
H/H 0.0930 H/H 0.0930 H/H 0.0930 1/1 0/0 0.1000 0.1050 0.1250 0/0 0/0 0/0 1/0 1/0 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 2/0 2/2 2/2 2/2 2/2 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250 0.1250
B Surf.099" Thick Unclad Blue, for unclad Meas.135" 7.875" Width

Unclad Grade

2 B Surf

Etch Off Only

Non UV 2nds Orig. Pkg.

Page 16 of 17

******* Isola Isola Taiwan Leader Kingboard ******* ******* ******* ******* ******* ******* ******* AlliedSignal Electroply ******* ******* *******
FR-4 ED130UV ED130UV LS-4Y KB-6160 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 ED130 GFN-125 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4 FR-4
2/2 3/3 0.1250 0.x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 18

Mfg: True

H/H 0.1250 H/H 0.1250 H/H 0.1250 1/1 0/0 1/1 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 1/1 2/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0.1400 0.1870 0.1870 0.2500 0.2500 0.2500 0.2500 0.2500 0.2500 0.3200 0.3750 0.3750

Fingerprints

G10 G10 G10 Non UV Untrimmed.320"

Unclad

Page 17 of 17