Advanced PDP Development Centre Corporation (APDC) which was established by leading Japanese PDP manufacturers in July 2003.3 The same lack applies to the problem of correlating power consumption or energy efficiency to the performance (including screen size) and picture quality on flat panel displays. The current debate on climate change, rising energy costs, and growing environmental awareness is placing the issue of power consumption however on the same level at the point of sales. Thus power consumption becomes an important purchasing criterion for consumers when it comes to selecting a Flat Panel TV in Europe. This development will be further increased by upcoming eco-design requirements under the EuP-Directive, which may include an energy efficiency requirement and labelling for TVs. Not only against that background have manufacturers individually been addressing power consumption and energy efficiency already in technology development and product design. However, it is important to take a holistic approach to this topic. This means that not only the power consumption in the use phase needs to be reduced. The energy and resource efficiency over the whole product life cycle from materials and manufacturing, distribution and use, to take back and recycling needs proper consideration. An energy efficiency benchmark requires in that respect a product performance and quality correlation. Televisions are still products with a considerably high investment factor for the consumer. This relates to the 10 to 15 years average use duration in European households. Over this long period of time the picture quality should not deteriorate and the overall reliability should be assured. Furthermore, the functionality or growing convergence of functionality is a benchmark factor. Although the main part of the power consumption is related to the actual screen size of the TV, the integrated functionality such as digital tuners and video recording capabilities has to be considered as well. Finally, the power consumption of TVs must be measured under realistic and equal conditions. An important step in that direction was the revision of the IEC test standard 62087. For the first time the revised test standard considers fluctuating power consumption of self-emissive display technologies such as CRT and PDP according to the Average Picture Level (APL). The APL is the average luma (Y) level of the video signal during active scanning time integrated over a frame period; defined as a percentage of the range between reference black and reference white level. In other words, the power consumption increases with brighter and decreases with darker video images (content). Under the revised IEC 62087 test standard the average out-of-thebox power consumption should be measured with a standardized dynamic

APDC Website: http://www.advanced pdp.jp/fpd/english.html
test signal (video clip) which features 34% APL on average. The test video clip has been developed through multiple user and broadcast profiles. 4 It is assumed that this represents a typical TV content. With respect to Plasma TVs, the power consumption of the PDP can drop by more than half from its peak value at a high 60% APL, if a low 20% APL video image is displayed. 5 This means that on the one hand movies, which might have darker scenes over a prolonged time period, result in less power consumption, and on the other hand sports of news programs, which are usually brighter, result in somewhat higher power consumption. Against that background Panasonic Marketing Europe GmbH contracted the German VDE Testing and Certification Institute for an independent measurement of power consumption of Panasonic PDP and LCD TVs and similar products of brand name competitors. These test results have been given to Fraunhofer IZM, Department Environmental Engineering, for an evaluation. The following report is presenting the results of this evaluation and discusses the main observations form an independent scientific point of view. Disclaimer: The evaluation and conclusions in this report are based on the product data power consumption test measurements of individual TVs provided by the client to Fraunhofer IZM. The robustness of these product data is assumed.
Larry F. Weber (2005): Challenges of Measuring Annual Energy Consumption of TV sets, IDW/AD#05, p. 1430. Lutz Stobbe et al (2007): Final Task 1 Report on EuP Lot 5 Televisions for DG TREN. p. 48.
Objective and Tasks Panasonic Marketing Europe GmbH has contracted the German VDE Testing and Certification Institute in Offenbach for an independent power consumption measurement of various LCD and PDP televisions. Fraunhofer IZM has been tasked to compile theses measurement results, calculate and evaluate the respective annual consumption in terms of electricity and costs. The report is divided into two parts and consists of the following tasks. Part I: 1. Compilation of VDE measurement results in Excel tables and calculation of annual energy consumption based on 4h active (on-mode) and 20h standby (standby-mode) per day with 365 days per year. Provision of diagrams. 2. Compilation of electricity end-user prices in Germany, UK, France, Italy, Spain as well as EU-27 on average for the reference year 2007. In this respect, the energy mix and tax situation and current price development in each of the countries and EU-27 will be shortly analyzed and respective tables of regional cost structure provided. Part II: 3. Analysis of the calculated annual power consumption data and comparative discussion of the energy performance of LCD and PDP televisions in the same screen size segment, different screen size segments and their order of magnitude. 4. Allocation of electricity costs to tested products. Transferring the test results into a cost based calculation of EU-5 and EU-27 (average) and comparative discussion of results. Consideration of price differences due to different energy mix, tax structure etc. Part III: 5. Comparison of Eco-Mode measurement results for the Panasonic reference plasma television TH-42PX80E

PART I Compilation of Input Data
Power Consumption Test Data Panasonic Europe provided Fraunhofer IZM with the VDE test report for the measurement of 9 TV-sets structured in two main groups. The VDE test report included power consumption test data for: 3 TVs x 32- Full HD LCD 6 TVs x 40/42- HD Ready LCD and PDP
Table 1 below provides a structured overview of the basic product data according to manufacturer, product designation, display type, size and resolution. Please note that Fraunhofer IZM could not verify the exact visible screen surface area (in Inch), and resolution (pixel) of the tested products. For the purpose of the study we allocated a product code to the actual product type designation.
Table 1: Basic Product Data Product ProductName No Manufacturer TypeDesignation 1 Panasonic TX32LZD85F 2 Samsung LE32ASony KDL32W4000E 4 Samsung LE40A456C2D 5 Panasonic TH42PX80E 6 Samsung PS42A457P1D 7 LG 42PGLG 42LGJVC 42DA9BU Display Type&Size6 32"LCD(438in) 32"LCD(438in) 32"LCD(438in) 40"LCD(684in) 42"PDP(754in) 42"PDP(754in) 42"PDP(754in) 42"LCD(754in) 42"LCD(754in) Display Resolution 1920x1080p 1920x1080p 1920x1080p 1366x768 1024x768 1024x768 1024x768 1366x768 1366x768 ProductCode ReportDesignation 32LCDFHD[A] 32LCDFHD[B] 32LCDFHD[C] 40LCDHDR[B] 42PDPHDR[A] 42PDPHDR[B] 42PDPHDR[D] 42LCDHDR[D] 42LCDHDR[E]
The power consumption test measurements differentiated two general operation modes standby and on-mode and various test conditions.
The screen size of the display is one reference factor for energy consumption requirements under the EuP-Directive. The screen surface area is usually calculated in Inch or dm: 32TV-display in format 16:9 equals 438 in or 28.26 dm; 40TV-display in format 16:9 equals 684 in or 44.13 dm; 42TV-display in format 16:9 equals 754 in or 48.65 dm respectively.
The standby-mode measurements have been made based on static test video signal (colour bars or black-white level video signal) with the product in standard mode setting (out-of-the-box). The video signal determines the uniform mode before the standby-mode is activated and measured. Two on-mode measurements have been made with standard picture setting out-of-the-box: On-mode 1: Standard TV setting, out-of-the-box, IEC 62087 Ed. 2.07 applying a dynamic video signal (10 minutes test video clip broadcast content 11.6) On-mode 2: Standard TV setting, out-of-the-box, Harry Potter movie video clip (60 minutes movie video clip Harry Potter und der Orden des Phnix).

Table 2 shows the test measurement results for the power consumption per
mode that have been taken from the VDE documentation and compiled in ascending order according to screen size.
Table 2: Power consumption per mode (VDE test results) No 9 Mode TestStandard Setting ProductCode 32LCDFHD[A] 32LCDFHD[B] 32LCDFHD[C] 40LCDHDR[B] 42PDPHDR[A] 42PDPHDR[B] 42PDPHDR[D] 42LCDHDR[D] 42LCDHDR[E] Standbymode OnMode1 Onmode2 colourbar IEC62087video HarryPottervideo outofthebox outofthebox outofthebox AverageinWatts AverageinWatts AverageinWatts 0.35 120.00 121.00 0.77 137.00 135.00 0.23 133.00 124.00 1.01 191.00 189.00 0.59 214.00 120.00 0.89 248.00 166.00 0.84 255.00 161.00 0.76 203.00 202.00 0.71 193.00 194.00
IEC 62087 (100/1331/CDV 2008-04): Methods of measurement for the power consumption of audio, video and related equipment
Energy Mix and Electricity Costs in the European Union Fraunhofer IZM has been tasked to compile current data on the energy mix and related electricity prices for the main European Union member states (Germany [DE], France [FR], Italy [IT], Spain [ES], and the United Kingdom [UK]) as well as on average for EU-27.
Energy Mix EuroStat, Statistical Office for the European Communities, provides monthly statistics on the electricity production in Europe differentiating wind and hydro, geothermal, conventional thermal and nuclear energy. Data from March 2007 to February 2008, as well as an average for 2007 can be seen in the following tables.
Table 3: Electricity generation per month in Germany, France and Italy [Eurostat 2008b]
Month/Year 03/2007 04/2007 05/2007 06/2007 07/2007 08/2007 09/2007 10/2007 11/2007 12/2007 01/2008 02/Germany Windand hydro 4,5% 4,1% 5,0% 5,5% 5,9% 5,6% 5,6% 4,2% 4,3% 4,5% 5,8% 3,9% 18,1% nuclear 26,7% 26,1% 26,4% 25,1% 22,5% 22,5% 22,7% 22,3% 22,0% 24,7% 31,9% 26,3% 21,9% conventional thermal 68,8% 69,8% 68,6% 69,4% 71,5% 71,9% 71,7% 73,4% 73,7% 70,9% 62,3% 69,8% 60,0% France Windand hydro 14,2% 13,6% 15,6% 18,2% 15,7% 13,2% 10,4% 9,2% 7,9% 9,7% 12,1% 9,7% 12,4% nuclear 72,5% 77,5% 77,0% 75,3% 77,4% 81,0% 81,8% 81,3% 75,3% 74,5% 74,4% 77,3% 76,9% conventional thermal 13,3% 8,9% 7,3% 6,5% 7,0% 5,8% 7,8% 9,5% 16,8% 15,8% 13,6% 13,0% 10,7% Italy Windand hydro 12,7% 14,2% 15,5% 19,1% 17,1% 16,3% 13,1% 12,1% 11,4% 10,9% 12,7% 12,0% geothermal 1,8% 2,0% 1,8% 1,7% 1,5% 1,9% 1,7% 1,7% 1,6% 1,7% 1,7% 1,7% conventional thermal 85,5% 83,8% 82,7% 79,2% 81,3% 81,8% 85,2% 86,1% 87,0% 87,4% 85,6% 86,3%

Table 12 shows the same comparison for the second product group of 40/42 TVs. The data-set is calculated again first based on the On-Mode 1 measurement results.
This assessment refers to the EuP Preparatory Study TREN Lot 5 which listed power consumption values according to catalogue data of the year 2006.
Table 12: Comparison of 40"/42 TVs annual power (on-mode 1) OnMode1 OnMode1 ProductCode AverageinkWh/a Averagein% Deviation 4 40"LCDHDR[B] 286.42"PDPHDR[A] 316.42"PDPHDR[B] 368.42"PDPHDR[D] 378.42"LCDHDR[D] 301.42"LCDHDR[E] 287.11 40"/42"Totals 323.0
The deviation of the six models is under 20%, which shows a larger span of products energy performance in this product group. The average 323 kWh per year correlates with the former 32 product group to some extent, if we take the increase of the screen surface area (factor 1.7) into consideration. 12 However, the 42 product group display resolution is only HD-ready, which could be considered a quality difference. The average standby-mode is 0.8 Watts and the average on-mode is 172 Watts. The contribution of standby to total annual energy consumption is less than 2%, despite the higher absolute average. The direct comparison of LCD and PDP in this particular product group indicates a higher average power consumption of the Plasma TVs. Based on the deviation factor the 42 PDP-TVs of manufacturer [B] at "+14%", and manufacturer [D] at "+17%", power consumption is considerably higher by roughly 50 kWh/a in comparison to the 42 LCD-TVs in this test. The Panasonic product, 42 PDP HDR [A], performs considerably well with a deviation factor of -2% compared to the groups average. The results are changing considerably in the case of the on-mode 2 measurement data. They are shown in the following Table 13. Whereas the comparison of the on-mode 1 and on-mode 2 data for the three LCD-TVs show only slight differences, obviously due to the use of a constantly operating backlight, the three PDP-TVs show not only in comparison to the on-mode 1 measurement data but also in comparison to the LCD-TV data a considerably lower power consumption. The reduction factor of PDP-TVs average energy consumption (on-mode 2) in comparison to 42 totals average (on-mode 1) is factor 0.75.
The 32display has (at 16:9) a screen surface area of 438in and the 42display a surface area of 754in (factor 1.7 difference).
Table 13: Power consumption of 40"/42" TVs annual power (on-mode 2) OnMode2 OnMode2 ProductCode AverageinkWh/a Averagein% Deviation 4 40"LCDHDR[B] 283.42"PDPHDR[A] 179.42"PDPHDR[B] 248.42"PDPHDR[D] 241.42"LCDHDR[D] 300.42"LCDHDR[E] 288.12 40"/42"Totals 257.0

The individual performance of the tested PDP-TVs in on-mode 2 should be observed as well. The performance of the 42 PDP HDR [B] and 42 PDP HDR [D] are quite similar which indicates a comparable technology level. The power consumption according to the IEC 62087 standard (on-mode 1) is quite high and accumulates to an average 370 kWh per year. This figure drops to an average of 245 kWh per year in the second test (on-mode 2). The reduction in overall energy consumption indicates a factor 0.65. Through that the two PDPTVs perform even better than the LCD-TVs in the same segment. The Panasonic reference 42 PDP HDR [A] is the best performing product according to the on-mode 2 data. If compared to the on-mode 1 product groups average (323 kWh/a) the 179.5 kWh per year of the Panasonic PDP-TV in on-mode 2 is a considerable reduction of factor 0.55. This considerably lower power consumption of the PDP-TVs in on-mode 2 is in general related to the darker picture content of the 60 minutes Harry Potter movie video clip. The on-mode 2 measurement reflects the content-specific power consumption of self-emitting displays in this case the PDP and the respective fluctuation according to changing APL, a gamma-corrected video signal that represents brightness. In other words, the power consumption increases with brighter (white) and decreases with darker (black) video images.13 In conclusion, the power consumption of self-emitting displays (PDP-TVs) is changing according to the brightness level of a video image. This relationship is considered in the newly revised test standard IEC 62087 Ed. 2.0 (on-mode 1) where a dynamic broadcast video clip is used to imitate an average TV programme.
According to the IEC 62087 Ed. 2.0 the APL gamma-corrected Average Picture Level is defined as: The average luma (Y') level of the external video input signal applied to the television set. APL' is measured during the active scanning time integrated over a frame period; defined as a percentage of the range between reference black and reference white level.
The APL' of the dynamic broadcast-content video signal was chosen to best model actual APL' measured internationally. The project members measured at least 40 hours of typical broadcast content, including a variety of genres from a variety of broadcast stations in Australia, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States. The captured APL' curves were averaged in order to create a target APL' curve, known as the master histogram. The mean of the APL' histogram is 34 %. At 34% APL a PDP-TV is usually already in the top range of their power consumption. According to industry data provided for the TREN Lot 5 EuP Preparatory Study on Televisions, PDP-TVs reach 90% of their maximum on-mode power consumption at approximately 40% APL. The power consumption drops however sharply under 40% APL to almost half at 20% APL. This means that at low APL the PDP-TVs power consumption is considerably reduced by up to 50%. This situation is indicated by the measurement results.

Annual TV-related electricity costs in EU-27 Table 14 provides the calculated annual electricity costs for the tested TVs. The calculation is based on the test results for standby as well as on-mode 1 and on-mode 2. A typical daily use pattern of 4h on-mode and 20h standbymode was assumed. The average electricity price per kWh is 15.28 Cent. This was average electricity price (including taxes) for private customers in EU-27 in the year 2007.
Table 14: EU-27 annual electricity costs per TV in 2007 EU27 Mode OnMode1 OnmodeTestStandard IEC62087video HarryPottervideo 15.28 Setting outofthebox outofthebox No ProductCode EU27(in/a) EU27(in/a) 1 32"LCDFHD[A] 27.16 27.32"LCDFHD[B] 31.42 30.32"LCDFHD[C] 29.93 27.40"LCDHDR[B] 43.74 43.42"PDPHDR[A] 48.40 27.42"PDPHDR[B] 56.32 38.42"PDPHDR[D] 57.82 36.42"LCDHDR[D] 46.13 45.42"LCDHDR[E] 43.85 44.07
The TV-related electricity costs obviously correlate with the energy consumption per product and test standard. Figure 3 below shows the same results in a diagram. Again we can notice that the technical similarity of the LCD-TVs show only marginal differences. The average annual costs for television is ranging in the 32 segment from 27.16 to a maximum of 31.42 with an average of 30 Euro. In the 40/42segment the costs ranges from 43.74 to 46.13. The content related power consumption (on-mode 2) has only am marginal effect on the costs in both segments. For the PDP-TVs the picture is somewhat different due to the explained effect of the test procedure on the power consumption. Against this background the annual electricity costs for the 42 PDP-TVs are in the on-mode 1 considerably higher ranging from 48.40 to 57.82. The 42 PDP-TVs are in direct comparison to the 42 LCD-TVs roughly 10 or 20% more expensive. Over a typical use period of 10 to 15 years this would equal 100 to 150. A different situation is visible for the on-mode 2 results. Assuming that the PDP-TVs are utilized for watching movies (similar to the Harry Potter Video) the
annual costs would be lower and almost in the range of the 32 LCD-TVs. However, it seems justified to assume that PDP-TVs are used for the full spectrum of broadcasting and video and that the average power consumption is somewhat higher, which means similar to the tested 42 LCD-TVs.
Figure 3: Annual electricity costs of TVs in EU-27 (2007)
Evaluation of TV related electricity costs per segment and region The average electricity prices for end consumers in 2007 for the EU-5 member states are in ascending order: France (FR): Spain (ES): United Kingdom (UK): Germany (DE): Italy (IT): 12.11 Cent/kWh 12.25 Cent/kWh 13.16 Cent/kWh 19.49 Cent/kWh 23.29 Cent/kWh

The individual electricity cost for the tested TVs has been calculated according to the average kWh price in the five EU member states (year 2007). The results are shown in Table 15 to Table 19 below.
Table 15: France (annual electricity costs per TV) FR Mode OnMode1 OnmodeTestStandard IEC62087video HarryPottervideo 12.11 Setting outofthebox outofthebox No ProductCode France(in/a) France(in/a) 1 32"LCDFHD[A] 21.53 21.32"LCDFHD[B] 24.90 24.32"LCDFHD[C] 23.72 22.40"LCDHDR[B] 34.66 34.42"PDPHDR[A] 38.36 21.42"PDPHDR[B] 44.63 30.42"PDPHDR[D] 45.83 29.42"LCDHDR[D] 36.56 36.42"LCDHDR[E] 34.75 34.93
Table 16: Spain (annual electricity costs per TV) ES Mode OnMode1 OnmodeTestStandard IEC62087video HarryPottervideo 12.25 Setting outofthebox outofthebox No ProductCode Spain(in/a) Spain(in/a) 1 32"LCDFHD[A] 21.77 21.32"LCDFHD[B] 25.19 24.32"LCDFHD[C] 23.99 22.40"LCDHDR[B] 35.06 34.42"PDPHDR[A] 38.80 21.42"PDPHDR[B] 45.15 30.42"PDPHDR[D] 46.36 29.42"LCDHDR[D] 36.99 36.42"LCDHDR[E] 35.15 35.33
Table 17: United Kingdom (annual electricity costs per TV) UK Mode OnMode1 OnmodeTestStandard IEC62087video HarryPottervideo 13.16 Setting outofthebox outofthebox No ProductCode UK(in/a) UK(in/a) 1 32"LCDFHD[A] 23.39 23.32"LCDFHD[B] 27.06 26.32"LCDFHD[C] 25.78 24.40"LCDHDR[B] 37.67 37.42"PDPHDR[A] 41.68 23.42"PDPHDR[B] 48.50 32.42"PDPHDR[D] 49.80 31.42"LCDHDR[D] 39.73 39.42"LCDHDR[E] 37.76 37.96 Table 18: Germany (annual electricity costs per TV) DE Mode OnMode1 OnmodeTestStandard IEC62087video HarryPottervideo 19.49 Setting outofthebox outofthebox No ProductCode Germany(in/a) Germany(in/a) 1 32"LCDFHD[A] 34.64 34.32"LCDFHD[B] 40.08 39.32"LCDFHD[C] 38.17 35.40"LCDHDR[B] 55.79 55.42"PDPHDR[A] 61.73 34.42"PDPHDR[B] 71.84 48.42"PDPHDR[D] 73.76 47.42"LCDHDR[D] 58.85 58.42"LCDHDR[E] 55.93 56.21 Table 19: Italy (annual electricity costs per TV) IT Mode OnMode1 OnmodeTestStandard IEC62087video HarryPottervideo 23.29 Setting outofthebox outofthebox No ProductCode Italy(in/a) Italy(in/a) 1 32"LCDFHD[A] 41.40 41.32"LCDFHD[B] 47.89 47.32"LCDFHD[C] 45.62 42.40"LCDHDR[B] 66.66 65.42"PDPHDR[A] 73.77 41.42"PDPHDR[B] 85.84 57.42"PDPHDR[D] 88.14 56.42"LCDHDR[D] 70.32 69.42"LCDHDR[E] 66.83 67.17
The following comparison includes the electricity costs in France (lowest price level of EU-5)14, the EU-27 (average price level) and Italy (highest price level of EU-5)15. The comparison also distinguishes the power consumption test results according to IEC 62087 (on-mode 1) and Movie Clip (on-mode 2). Figure 4 indicates the order of magnitude of difference between single member states.

Figure 4: Cost comparison between France, EU-27 and Italy for on-mode 1 and on-mode 2
The combination of the regional cost factors and the power consumption according to the applied test standard shows the order of magnitude in which the electricity costs related to TVs can fluctuate in the European Union. The electricity consumption costs related to television is ranging from 20 Euros in the best case to almost 90 Euros per year in the worst case. The average costs factor is in a range of 30 to 60 Euros.
France has with 9.11 /kWh a low price factor before taxes and with about 24% tax also a low tax factor. Italy has with 16.58 /kWh a high price factor and with about 30% also a high tax factor.
Whereas the power consumption is influenced by the display technology and the test procedure, the related electricity costs are a reflection of regional differences in terms of energy generation and taxation policy. Through the combination of these factors, the related annual electricity costs can fluctuate more than 50 Euros for a single 42 PDP-TV. This combination of factors can make for instance the Panasonics reference model 42 PDP HDR [A] (measured in on-mode 2 and with the lowest electricity cost factor in France) comparable to the Panasonic 32 LCD FHD [A] in terms of annual electricity costs of about 22 Euros. Basically this is a direct result of the reduced power consumption at the lower APL level for the PDP and the lowest electricity price. However, the relations between the measured power consumption and the energy costs are of course the same for the smaller LCD and the larger PDP televisions. Costs are therefore not a good indicator for energy efficiency. Only transparent and comparative cost calculations are helpful, when indicating total cost of ownership. That means, calculating the electricity costs of the expected use cycle (e.g. 10 years). If, for example, the sales price of a TV-set is 1.000 Euro and the average annual electricity costs are 40 Euro the total cost of ownership would be 1.400 Euro. Now, if the annual use of the same priced TV would cost 80 Euro than the total cost of ownership would increase to 1.800 Euro, which is a considerable cost factor with a potential effect on the buying decision. In conclusion, energy consumption and respective costs in the use phase is most significantly determined by the screen size of the TV. The display technology is a considerable factor in terms electricity consumption due to principle correlation between the average picture level and power consumption of self-emitting displays such as PDP. The new edition of the IEC 62087 test standard is reflecting this technical issue by providing the option for a dynamic power measurement based on an average broadcast APL. Against the obvious trend towards higher end-user electricity prices in Europe, the annual electricity consumption and more over the total cost of ownership is becoming an increasingly important sales argument. Nevertheless, there are other factors to be considered such as the quality of the picture, the reliability and a long-term efficiency of the display technology. Finally, it will be important in future to consider the overall environmental impact of the TV from production to end-oflife. The power consumption in the use phase is absolutely significant and a main focus of optimization the technology development. But in the mid-term a holistic benchmark is needed to determine the overall life cycle eco-impact of TVs.

Part III: Special Analysis of Eco-Mode measurement results for Panasonic TH-42PX80E
Eco Mode power consumption data Special power consumption measurements have been conducted by VDE regarding the Eco-Mode option of the Panasonic reference plasma televisionset TH-42PX80E. To our knowledge this Eco-Mode option features a light sensor which automatically adjusts the display luminance (cd/m) in accordance to the illuminance level (lux) of the ambient light conditions. For the purpose of this comparative analysis the results for two Eco-Mode measurements have been provided: Eco-mode 1 (IEC 62087 clip) at 0 lux ambient illuminance: 96.9 Watt Eco-mode 2 (Harry Potter clip) at 0 lux ambient illuminance: 67.9 Watt
In order to put these values into perspective we compare them with results from the out-of-the-box settings: On-mode 1 (IEC 62087 test clip) out of the box setting: 214.0 Watt On-mode 2 (Harry Potter clip) out of the box setting: 120.0 Watt
Note: It is assumed that the Eco-Mode ambient light sensor regulates, under dark room conditions of zero lux, the display luminance to a very low level. The particular luminance setting specifications are unknown to Fraunhofer IZM. However, we assume that the video image is sufficiently visible. Regarding the low level of respective power consumption, which is indicated by the measurement results, they are not likely to occur under real life conditions very often. Nevertheless these Eco-Mode values show the theoretical potential for low average power consumption of this particular plasma television.
Comparative analysis of Eco Mode power consumption Figure 5 below shows the Standard and Eco-Mode measurement results of the Panasonic reference model TH-42PX80E in comparison to the other tested TVs. In direct comparison, not only to the other 42-inch TVs, shows the Panasonic
TH-42PX80E considerably lower energy consumption. According to the VDE measurement results, the measured average power consumption in the EcoMode under zero lux ambient light condition is even below the average power consumption level of the 32-inch LCD-TVs.
Figure 5: Power Consumption in Eco Mode for Panasonic Reference TV
A noticeable aspect of the Panasonic TH-42PX80E is the almost 150 Watt wide range of average power consumption from 214 Watt in On-Mode-1 to 67.9 Watt in Eco-Mode-2. In order to indicate the magnitude of this range a theoretical comparison of the individual mode setting to the maximum power consumption (static white level power consumption value which is assumed 100% APL) has been made. The comparison of the IEC 62087 test results for On-Mode-1 (out-of-the-box) with the Eco-Mode-1 (zero lux condition) shows a considerable reduction in average power consumption from over 200 Watt to below 100 Watt. The power consumption drops from 214 Watt to 96.9 Watt. This equals a reduction by factor 2.2. The comparison of the Harry Potter video clip test results for On-Mode-2 and Eco-Mode-2 with the first set of results show even lower values. The average power consumption drops from 120 Watt to very low 67.9 Watt. Assuming that the receiver and picture processing consumes

approximately 40 Watt (according to the EuP studies Lot 5) this result indicates that a visible video image is achieved with only 30 Watt. The 67.9 Watt in EcoMode-2 is surprisingly low and should be checked again in order to make sure that the result is genuine. Nevertheless, the result shows the low power capability that can be achieved for this Plasma TV under certain conditions. The result exemplifies not only the theoretical potential for low average power consumption of the Panasonic TH42PX80E. The result also indicates the influencing factors for real life power consumption of Plasma TVs in general. These factors are: The luminescence efficacy of the specific plasma technology (lm/W) The video image or average luminance level of the video content (APL) The display luminance according to brightness/contrast setting (cd/m) The ambient illuminance conditions in the room (lux) when an EcoMode option with automatic luminance adjustment is provided
In conclusion, there is certainly a technical potential for energy efficiency for Plasma-TVs as the Panasonic TH-42PX80E shows. The example indicates that it is the combination of multiple factors that will determine the real life energy consumption of Plasma TVs throughout the use life. In this particular case it seems that the automatic adjustment (reduction) of the displays luminance in the Eco Mode is only one aspect. In order to achieve a video image of adequate quality for the 42-Inch HD-ready television screen with only 67.9 Watt we conclude that the specific plasma technology and its advanced luminescence efficacy is the more important factor in this respect.
Comparative analysis of Eco Mode electricity costs For the purpose of comparison the annual electricity consumption according to 4 hours on-mode and 20 hours standby per day/365 has been calculated. The annual electricity costs correlate again with the calculated annual power consumption under the individual test conditions and settings. The electricity costs are calculated on the base of the 2007 European Union average of 15.28 cent per kWh. The results of this calculation are shown in Table 20 below.
Table 20: Panasonic TH-42PX80E annual electricity costs
Referenceyear EU27(2007) AnnualElectricity on+standby/kWh AnnualCosts 0,1528/kWh ModeSettings TestStandard Setting ProductCode 42PDPHDR[A] ProductCode 42PDPHDR[A] OnMode1 OnMode2 EcoMode1 EcoMode2 IEC62087video HarryPottervideo IEC62087video HarryPottervideo outofthebox outofthebox 0luxcondition 0luxcondition AverageinkWh/a AverageinkWh/a AverageinkWh/a AverageinkWh/a 316,75 179,51 145,78 103,44 Costsin Costsin Costsin Costsin 48,40 27,43 22,28 15,81

The comparison with the other tested TVs is shown in the Figure 6 below.
Figure 6: Annual electricity costs comparison based on EU average (2007)
In monetary terms the documented fluctuation in power consumption results in a similar range of annual electricity costs due to the fact that standby power consumption and respective annual energy consumption is very low. Under average use conditions indicated by On-Mode-1 the electricity costs for the Panasonic TH-42PX80E is with 48.40 on a moderate level. The costs drop when tested with Eco-Mode-1 to 22.28 and with Eco-Mode-2 even to 15.81. The direct comparison shows again the same proportions as in the case of on-mode power consumption. Considering further fluctuation in the
electricity costs (/kWh) according to the conditions in single European Union member states it is difficult to postulate a typical annual cost level. Depending on the test conditions and regional cost factors the annual electricity costs for the Panasonic TH-42PX80E could vary between 12.53 and 73.77.

References

[Eurostat 2007]
Eurostat: Gas and electricity market statistics, 2007 edition, Eurostat statistical books, Environment and energy, Luxembourg 2007
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