Cardiovascular System Lab Part 2 Blood Vessels and CV Physiology

Dr. J. Lim Blood Vessels

Microscopic structure of blood vessels Examine the construction of the walls of arteries and veins as described in your lecture notes or textbook. Describe the principle components of the blood vessel wall tunics. 1. tunica interna 2. tunica media 3. tunica externa How do the tunics of arteries and veins differ? Why do arteries have a thicker tunica media? Describe the composition of capillary walls. Utilizing the Viewmaster Set 68 Circulatory System: Examine the various perspectives of Set 68 and compare them with the descriptions put forth in the preceding section. Drawing optional. 3) Cross-section of artery and vein The three tunics of the artery wall are clearly visible The tunics of the vein are thinner and less obvious o Why are the walls of veins thinner? o Which layer(s) is/are thinner in veins? 8) Aortic semilunar valve This three-flap valve can be found between the base of the aorta and the ___________ ventricle. The aortic semilunar valve prevents backflow of blood into the _________________________
Cardiovascular Physiology
Heart sounds Auscultating (listening to) heart sounds with a stethoscope Obtain a stethoscope and clean the earpieces with an alcohol wipe. Allow to dry. Don the stethoscope. Place the diaphragm of the stethoscope on your partners thorax, just medial to the left nipple. Listen carefully for heart sounds. o NOTE: Heart sounds are best auscultated if the subjects outer clothing is removed, so a male subject is preferable. Record the number of beats in thirty seconds. Double this value to determine beats per minute. _____ beats/30sec translates to _____ beats/minute
The Pulse Define pulse _______________________________________________________ Determine a subjects pulse by palpating two different superficial pulse points Use the pads of your fingers to better feel the alternating expansion and contraction that characterizes the alternating surges of pressure of the pulse Record the number of pulses in thirty seconds. Double this value to determine pulses per minute. _____ pulses/30sec translates to _____ pulses/minute o How does the pulse rate compare with the heart rate recorded earlier? o Identify the pulse points you palpated.
Auscultatory Blood Pressure Utilizing a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope, measure your partners blood pressure via the auscultatory method. When using it, you should be in a seated position with your feet flat on the floor. After resting for five minutes, you take two or three readings, one minute apart. Its important to make sure the cuff fits right. You should not take your blood pressure within 30 minutes of exercising, drinking coffee, or smoking. Subject should sit comfortably with one arm at/near heart level and feet supported o After resting for five minutes, take two or three readings, one minute apart o Avoid taking BP within 30 minutes of exercising, coffee or smoking Wrap the cuff snugly around the upper arm Inflate the cuff to stop blood flow to the forearm o Inflate the cuff to about 180 mmHg Gradually release the cuff pressure using the release valve Examiner listens with a stethoscope over the brachial artery for characteristic sounds of Korotkoff, which indicate a resumption of blood flow into the forearm Pressure at which the first soft tapping sounds are heard is recorded as the systolic pressure As the pressure is reduced further, blood flow becomes more turbulent and louder Below the diastolic pressure, when the artery is no longer compressed, blood flows freely and the sounds of Korotkoff can no longer be heard. o Diastolic pressure is recorded as the point where the sounds disappear Record your blood pressure reading o Systolic pressure/Diastolic pressure _____/_____

Verification of Blood Pressure and Pulse Readings (OPTIONAL) AFTER measuring your pulse rate by palpation and your blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope, you may double check both readings using the Omron HEM 432CN Manual Blood Pressure Monitor at a location to be designated by the instructor.
NOTE: Please wait at least 10 seconds between readings after resetting the monitor Blood Pressure measured with Omron device Systolic/Diastolic ____/____ Pulse Rate measured with Omron device Pulses per minute ________
Core Body Temperature 1. Philips Sensor Touch HF370 Temple Thermometer At a location to be designated by the instructor, measure your core body temperature with the Philips SensorTouch HF370 Temple Thermometer. The measurement of the blood temperature in a main artery accurately reflects the true body temperature. This instrument is designed to measure temperature directly via the skin surface over the temporal artery. The temporal artery, a branch of the carotid artery, is the only artery with constant blood flow positioned very close to the skin surface. This thermometer has been clinically tested in major university hospitals, with readings proven to be as accurate as rectal measurements. Normal temperature varies between individuals, the time of day, activity before measurement and room temperature. A temperature between 97.5F and 99.5F is considered normal with this instrument. NOTE: Wait 5 minutes before taking the temperature of a person who has been out in the cold or subject to physical exertion to allow the skin to equilibrate. Sweating causes extra cooling of the skin and results in a low reading.
Record your average temporal core body temperature _________
2. Lumiscope 2215 Ear Thermometer The tympanic membrane (eardrum) and the hypothalamus (the part of the brain which controls body temperature) share a common blood supply. Therefore, tympanic readings rise and fall rapidly with core (deep-body) temperature. Human body temperature varies from person to person and fluctuates throughout the day. Because of this natural variation, you should become familiar with your normal body temperature range by measuring yourself when healthy, in order to establish reference temperatures which will make you feel more confident of the measured temperature when it is abnormal. How to operate the thermometer Caution: Do not drop the unit. It in not shockproof. 1. Gently clean the probe tip with an alcohol wipe or cotton swab with alcohol a. Dry gently with a Kimwipe tissue. 2. Press and release the Power Button to turn on the unit a. LCD will display the last temperature reading (fig1), then you will hear a beep b. After about 2 seconds, the LCD display will become blank (fig2) the unit is ready for measurement

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Straighten the ear canal by pulling the pinna back Insert the cleaned and dried probe gently into the ear canal Press and release the Power Button to start measurement. You will hear a beep. While measuring, the LCD will display three dashes (fig3) A beep-beep will sound when the measurement is completed a. Do not remove the thermometer until you hear the double beep tone 8. The LCD will illuminate and show the measured temperature reading, as in fig1. 9. Repeat with the other ear. Record the average core body temperature measured in your right ear R ________ Record the average core body temperature measured in your left ear L ________

Cardiovascular System Lab Part 2 Blood Vessels and CV Physiology

Dr. J. Lim Blood Vessels

Microscopic structure of blood vessels Utilizing the cardiovascular system board: Examine walls of arteries and veins in the CV board. Describe the principle components of the blood vessel wall tunics. 1. tunica interna 2. tunica media 3. tunica externa How do the tunics of arteries and veins differ? Why do arteries have a thicker tunica media? Describe the composition of capillary walls. Utilizing the Viewmaster Set 68 Circulatory System: Examine the various perspectives of Set 68 and compare them with the descriptions put forth in the preceding section. Drawing optional. 3) Cross-section of artery and vein The three tunics of the artery wall are clearly visible The tunics of the vein are thinner and less obvious o Why are the walls of veins thinner? o Which layer(s) is/are thinner in veins? 8) Aortic semilunar valve This three-flap valve can be found between the base of the aorta and the ___________ ventricle. The aortic semilunar valve prevents backflow of blood into the _________________________

Pathway of Blood

Utilizing the tall CV model that contains the kidneys, heart, and many blood vessels: Obtain a 3-dimensional perspective of the cardiovascular system using this model. Be sure to view the CV system from angles other than straight ahead. Pay close attention to the size and pathway of the aorta as it travels up, down, and out from the heart. Also observe how the entire venous system eventually ends up in the superior and inferior vena cavae and finally the right atrium
Cardiovascular Physiology
Heart sounds Auscultating (listening to) heart sounds with a stethoscope Obtain a stethoscope and clean the earpieces with an alcohol wipe. Allow to dry.
Don the stethoscope. Place the diaphragm of the stethoscope on your partners thorax, just medial to the left nipple. Listen carefully for heart sounds. o NOTE: Heart sounds are best auscultated if the subjects outer clothing is removed, so a male subject is preferable. Record the number of beats in thirty seconds. Double this value to determine beats per minute. _____ beats/30sec translates to _____ beats/minute
The Pulse Define pulse _______________________________________________________ Determine a subjects pulse by palpating two different superficial pulse points Use the pads of your fingers to better feel the alternating expansion and contraction that characterizes the alternating surges of pressure of the pulse Record the number of pulses in thirty seconds. Double this value to determine pulses per minute. _____ pulses/30sec translates to _____ pulses/minute o How does the pulse rate compare with the heart rate recorded earlier? o Identify the pulse points you palpated.
Blood pressure determinations Utilizing a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope, measure your partners blood pressure via the auscultatory method Subject should sit comfortably with one arm at roughly heart level Wrap the cuff snugly around the upper arm Inflate the cuff to stop blood flow to the forearm o Inflate the cuff to about 180 mmHg Gradually release the cuff pressure using the release valve Examiner listens with a stethoscope over the brachial artery for characteristic sounds of Korotkoff, which indicate a resumption of blood flow into the forearm Pressure at which the first soft tapping sounds are heard is recorded as the systolic pressure As the pressure is reduced further, blood flow becomes more turbulent and louder Below the diastolic pressure, when the artery is no longer compressed, blood flows freely and the sounds of Korotkoff can no longer be heard. o Diastolic pressure is recorded as the point where the sounds disappear Record your blood pressure reading o Systolic pressure/Diastolic pressure _____/_____

Verification of Blood Pressure and Pulse Readings AFTER measuring your pulse rate by palpation and your blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope, double check both readings using the Omron HEM 432CN Manual Blood Pressure Monitor at a location to be designated by the instructor.
Systolic/Diastolic _____/_____
Body Temperature At a location to be designated by the instructor, measure your core body temperature with the Philips SensorTouch HF370 Temple Thermometer. The measurement of the blood temperature in a main artery accurately reflects the true body temperature. This instrument is designed to measure temperature directly via the skin surface over the temporal artery. The temporal artery, a branch of the carotid artery, is the only artery with constant blood flow positioned very close to the skin surface. This thermometer has been clinically tested in major university hospitals, with readings proven to be as accurate as rectal measurements. Normal temperature varies between individuals, the time of day, activity before measurement and room temperature. A temperature between 97.5F and 99.5F is considered normal with this instrument. NOTE: Wait 5 minutes before taking the temperature of a person who has been out in the cold or subject to physical exertion to allow the skin to equilibrate. Sweating causes extra cooling of the skin and results in a low reading.
Record your average core body temperature _________