Pinnacle Studio 9

Including Studio SE, Studio QuickStart, Studio Standard and Studio Plus
Easy, MORE Powerful, MORE Creative Video Editing
Special thanks to Mike Iampietro, William Chien, Richard Edgley, Ivan Maltz, Jon McGowan, Keith Thomson, Jrg Weselmann, and Chris Zamara. Documentation: Nick Sullivan Copyright 1996-2004 Pinnacle Systems, Inc. and its licensors. All rights reserved. You agree not to remove any product identification or notices of the property restrictions from Pinnacle Systems products or manuals. Pinnacle Systems, Pinnacle Studio Plus, TitleDeko, RTFx and VST are registered trademarks and/or trademarks of Pinnacle Systems, Inc. and its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. Manufactured under license from Dolby Laboratories. 1992-2003 Dolby Laboratories. All rights reserved. Dolby is a trademark of Dolby Laboratories. mpegable DS 2.Dicas Digital Image Coding GmbH. Pentium, Centrino, the Intel Centrino logo and the Intel Inside logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. QDesign MPEG-1 Layer 2 Fast Encoder/Decoder 19962002 by QDesign Corporation. QuickTime and the QuickTime logo are trademarks used under license. The QuickTime logo is registered in the U.S. and other countries. The RealProducer is included under license from RealNetworks, Inc. Real Producer version 8.0. copyright 1995-2002, RealNetworks, Inc. RealProducer", RealVideo, RealServer, and Real logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of RealNetworks, Inc. All rights reserved. SmartSound is a registered trademark of SmartSound Inc. Windows Media is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. No part of this manual may be copied or distributed, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any human or computer language, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, manual, or otherwise, without the express written permission of Pinnacle Systems, Inc. Pinnacle Systems, Inc. 280 North Bernardo Avenue Mountain View, CA 94943 Printed in the USA.

ii Pinnacle Studio 9

Table of contents

BEFORE YOU START..XI

Equipment requirements...xi Abbreviations and conventions...xiv On-line help... xv
CHAPTER 1: USING STUDIO.. 1
Undo, Redo, Help and Unlock... 2 Setting options.... 3 Edit mode.... 5 The Player... 6 Playback controls... 8 Further editing topics.... 11 Expanding Studio.... 11
CHAPTER 2: CAPTURING VIDEO.. 15
The Capture mode interface... 17 The Diskometer... 19 The Camcorder Controller... 20 The capture process.... 21 Capture hardware... 21 Capture step-by-step... 23 Scene detection... 25

Table of contents iii

Digital capture... 26 SmartCapture: Preview-quality capture.. 27 Full-quality capture... 29 Audio and video levels digital.. 31 Analog capture... 32 Capture quality options... 32 Audio and video levels analog.. 33
CHAPTER 3: THE ALBUM.. 35
The Video Scenes section... 38 Opening a captured video file... 40 Viewing captured video... 43 Selecting scenes and files... 44 Displaying scene and file information... 45 Comment view.... 46 Combining and subdividing scenes.. 47 Redetecting scenes... 49 The Transitions section... 50 The Titles section... 52 The Still Images section... 53 The Sound Effects section.. 54 The Disc Menus section... 56
CHAPTER 4: THE MOVIE WINDOW.. 59
Movie Window views... 62 Storyboard view... 62 Timeline view... 63 Text view.... 67 The toolboxes.... 67 The Video toolbox... 69 The Audio toolbox... 71

iv Pinnacle Studio 9

CHAPTER 5: VIDEO CLIPS.. 73
Video clip basics.... 74 Adding video clips to your movie.. 74 Working with multiple capture files.. 75 Interface features... 76 Trimming video clips... 78 Trimming on the Timeline using handles... 78 Clip-trimming tips... 82 Trimming with the Clip properties tool.. 83 Resetting trimmed clips... 85 Splitting and combining clips... 86 Advanced Timeline editing... 87 Insert editing... 89 Split editing... 91 Using video effects... 95 Working with the effects list... 96 Changing effect parameters.. 98 Fading effects in and out... 99 Previewing and rendering... 100 Video effects the basic set... 101 Cleaning effects.... 103 Auto color correct... 103 Noise reduction... 104 Stabilize.... 104 Time effects... 105 Speed.... 105 Strobe.... 106 Color effects.... 107 Black and white... 107 Color correction... 108 Posterize.... 108 Sepia.... 109

Working with multiple capture files
For some projects you may want to incorporate scenes from multiple source tapes, or from different capture files made from one tape. To achieve this, load in each
Chapter 5: Video clips 75
of the files in turn and drag whichever scenes you want from each file into your movie. To use multiple capture files: Drag scenes from the first capture file into the Movie Window. 2. Using the dropdown list or the folder button in the Video Scenes section of the Album, open the second capture file. Studio displays scenes from only the current file in the Album. See Opening a captured video file on page 40 for detailed information on this step. 3. Drag scenes from the second captured file into the Movie Window. Continue in this manner until you have gone through all the files.
Because any given movie can be in only one of the standard 4:3 format and the widescreen 16:9 format, Studio does not let you mix frame formats in the Movie Window. The first video clip you add to a movie determines the movies frame format, and later clips must conform to it. Use the Aspect ratio commands on the Album menu to convert scenes from one format to the other. (See Video aspect ratios on page 42 for more information.)

Interface features

Studio provides a variety of visual cues regarding the video clips in the Movie Window:
Clips from video that was captured at preview
quality are shown with a white dotted outline. These clips will be automatically recaptured at full quality during the Make Movie process.

76 Pinnacle Studio 9

When a clip is added to the Movie Window, a green
checkmark appears on the Albums icon for the corresponding scene. The checkmark remains as long as any clip in the Movie Window belongs to that scene. To see the original location of a clip in your source video, use the Find Scene in Album command on the right-click menu for Movie Window clips. Studio highlights the Album scene from which the selected clip is drawn. To go the other way, use the Album Find Scene in Project to show how a particular Album scene is used in your current project. When neighboring scenes from the Album are placed in sequence in the Movie Window, the border between the clips is displayed as a dotted line. This is to help you keep track of your clips, and does not affect how they can be manipulated in the Movie Window. In Timeline mode, any special effects you have applied to a clip are indicated by small icons along the bottom of the clip. These correspond to the effect groups shown on the Video effects tool browser. You can open the tool for parameter editing by doubleclicking any of the icons.
The star icon below this video clip shows that one or more of the effects in the Fun effects group has been applied.

Drag the clips right edge directly on the Timeline
until it stretches no further, In the Clip properties tool, drag the trim calipers to the ends of the clip.
Chapter 5: Video clips 85
SPLITTING AND COMBINING CLIPS
If you want to insert one clip on the video track into the middle of another clip, split the latter into two parts then insert the new item. Splitting a clip actually results in it being duplicated. Both clips are then automatically trimmed so that the first ends at the split point and the second begins there. To split a clip in Timeline view: 1. Choose the split point. You may use any method that adjusts the current position, such as moving the Timeline scrubber, clicking Play and then Pause, or editing the counter value in the Player. 2. Either right-click within the clip you wish to split and select Split Clip from the pop-up menu; or, make certain the edit line is positioned where you wish to split the clip, and click the Split clip/scene (razorblade) button (see page 60). The clip is split at the current position. To restore a split clip: Use the Undo button (or press Ctrl+Z). Even if you have performed other actions since you split the clip, the multilevel undo allows you to step back as far as needed. Or, If undoing is not desirable because of intervening actions that you dont want to discard, you can replace both halves of the split clip with the original from the Album. Or, Delete one half of the split clip, and trim out the other.

86 Pinnacle Studio 9

To combine clips in the Movie Window: Select the clips you wish to combine, then right-click and choose Combine Clips. The operation is allowed only if the combination of clips will also be a valid clip that is, a continuous excerpt of the source video. On the Timeline, clips that can be combined meet along a dotted edge.
ADVANCED TIMELINE EDITING
Availability: The advanced editing techniques discussed below are not supported in the SE and QuickStart versions of Studio. The additional advanced features of Studio Plus, making use of the overlay track, are covered in Chapter 6: Two-track editing with Studio Plus.
During most editing operations, Studio automatically keeps the clips on the various Timeline tracks synchronized. For instance, when you insert a scene from the Album onto the video track, the relative positions of all clips to the right of the insertion remain unchanged. Sometimes, though, you might like to override the default synchronization. You might want to insert a new video clip into your project without displacing any clips of other types. Or you might want to edit video separately from its accompanying original audio a valuable technique with several variations, discussed below. Such special edits are possible using the track lock buttons along the right edge of the Movie Window in

Chapter 5: Video clips 87
Timeline view. Each of the standard tracks (all except the menu track) provides a lock button. See Track locking on page 65 for more information on track locking. A locked track is grayed out in the Timeline view, indicating that the clips on the locked track cannot be selected or edited in any of the three views; nor are they affected by editing operations on unlocked tracks. Apart from the menu track, any combination of tracks can be locked.
Locking the title track, for example prevents the duration of a title from being changed even when you trim clips on the main video track at the same time index.
When the title track is unlocked, trimming the main video clip above it automatically trims the title.

88 Pinnacle Studio 9

Insert editing
In ordinary Timeline editing, a video clip and the original audio that was captured with it are treated as a unit. Their special relationship is symbolized in the Movie Window by the dotted line connecting the video track indicator with the original audio track indicator, showing that the latter is dependent on the former. The track lock buttons make it possible to deal with the two tracks independently for operations like insert editing, which typically means replacing part of a clip on the video track while the original audio track continues uninterrupted.
Availability: Insert editing is not supported in the SE and QuickStart versions of Studio. Under Studio Plus, insert editing may also be carried out on the overlay video and audio tracks, using analogous methods to those described here.
For instance, in a sequence that shows someone recounting a story, you might wish to insert a shot of an audience member smiling (or sleeping!) without breaking away from the main audio. To perform an insert edit on the video track: In the Timeline view of the Movie Window, click the original audio tracks padlock button to lock the track. The lock button is highlighted in red, and the track itself is grayed to show that its contents will not be affected by editing operations. 2. Clear space on the video track for the video clip you want to insert. Position the Timeline scrubber at the point you want the insertion to start and use
Chapter 5: Video clips 89
the Split clip/scene button. Now move to the point where the insertion should end and again split the clip. Finally, delete the portion of video that will be replaced by the insertion. Because the audio track is still intact, having been locked, the video to the right of the insertion point does not move leftwards to fill the gap you have made in the Timeline, for the video and audio would then no longer be synchronized. If you were to preview your video now, you would see a black screen as the gap portion played back, but the soundtrack would be normal.

Chapter 5: Video clips 95
attached to the currently-selected clip(s), and at the right, a parameters panel where you can tune the effect as required.
Video effects vs. audio effects In most respects, the Video effects tool and the Audio effects tool work identically, except for the type of material they apply to.
Working with the effects list
Each video or image clip in your project can be modified by one or more video effects. Each effect is applied to the original image in turn, in the order in which they are listed on the Video effects tool.
The checkboxes next to each effect name allow you to enable and disable effects individually without have to remove them from the list (which would cause any customized parameter settings to be lost). In the above

96 Pinnacle Studio 9

illustration, the Speed effect has been disabled while the other two effects on the list remain in force. Adding and deleting effects To add an effect to the list for the current clip, click the Add new effect button, which opens an effects browser on the righthand side of the tool window. Click an item in the browsers Category list to display the names of the individual effects in that category. Select the effect you want, then click the OK button to add the effect. To remove the currently-selected effect from the list, click the delete effect (trashcan) button.
The Video Effects browser is open here to the Fun Effects page. Entries having a padlock symbol are premium effects requiring separate purchase. In the illustration, variants of the padlock symbol indicate effects belonging to the Plus and Mega expansion packs, which both offer effects in several categories. Premium video and audio effects, like other locked content in Studio, can be used freely, but cause a watermark graphic to be added to the video when played back. If you want to use the effect in an actual
Chapter 5: Video clips 97
production, you can purchase an activation key without leaving Studio. For information about purchasing locked video and audio effects, and other premium content for Studio, see Expanding Studio on page 11. Changing the order of effects The cumulative result of using more than one effect on the same clip can vary depending on the order in which the effects are applied. With the up and down arrow buttons to the right of the effects list, you can control the position of each effect in the processing chain. The buttons apply to the currently-selected effect.

The chroma key side of the PIP/CK tool.
Chapter 6: Two-track editing with Studio Plus 129
Chroma-key tool controls The chroma key tool constructs a mask, shown in the Key channel graphic on the left side of the tool, where the transparent part of the frame is drawn in black, and the opaque part the part you will see in the final video is drawn in white. Most of the remaining controls are used to define exactly which areas of the frame will be included in the transparent part of the mask by setting the key color and related properties. Transparency: Use this slider if you want the underlying video to show through the normally opaque overlay. Moving the slider to the right makes the overlay, with its border and shadow, increasingly transparent. Presets: The tool provides two presets, called Green screen key and Blue screen key. These provide good starting points for setting up the tool if you are using one of the standard chroma key colors. Key color: Use the color swatch or eye dropper buttons to select the color that will be removed from the video frame leaving only the desired foreground. See page 135 for information on how to use the color controls. Rather than an actual color, you are really selecting only a hue, without regard to the other properties saturation and intensity that in combination with hue make a complete color specification. The chosen hue is shown by the position of the highlighted region on the circumference of the color circle display. Color tolerance: This slider controls the width of the range of hues that will be recognized as belonging to the key color. Moving the slider to the right increases the angle of the arc covered by the highlighted region on the color circle.

130 Pinnacle Studio 9

The color circle on the Chroma key tool highlights a range of hues (around the circumference) and color saturation values (along the radius). Any pixel in the overlay frame whose hue and saturation fall within the highlighted region will be treated as transparent. Saturation minimum: Saturation is the amount of hue in a color. A pixel with zero saturation (corresponding to the center of the color circle) has no hue: it falls on the gray scale, whose extremes are white and black. Chroma key works most effectively when the background is highly and uniformly saturated, allowing a high setting of this slider. In the real world, vagaries of lighting and apparatus often result in a background that falls short of the ideal. Moving the slider left allows a wider range of saturation values to be matched, indicated by a highlighted region that extends farther towards the center of the color circle. Softness: This slider controls the density of the underlying video. When it is positioned all the way to the left, the main video is entirely black. As you move the slider to the right, the main video approaches full density. Spill suppression: Adjusting this slider may help suppress video noise or fringing along the edges of the foreground object. Enable chroma keying: This checkbox allows you to turn the chroma key effect on and off.

THE TITLE EDITOR ALBUM

The Title Editor Album is the rectangular panel on the right-hand side of the Title Editor screen. It contains resources for building menus and titles in the same way that the main Studio Album contains resources for creating movies. The Title Editor Album is controlled by the four buttons shown at left, which are located between the Edit Window and the Album itself. Each button opens one of the four Album sections: the Looks Browser, the Backgrounds section, the Pictures section and the Buttons section.

The Looks Browser

This section of the Title Editor Album has three subsections, accessed by the Standard, Custom and Favorites tabs across the top. The Standard tab is a collection of styles that can be applied to the text and other objects you use in your titles. Each style consists of a color (or color gradient, or transparency) for each of the face (surface), edge and shadow of the object to which it applies, plus a separate blurring parameter for each. A final parameter is shadow direction, for which there are eight possibilities.
Chapter 10: The Title Editor
To change the look of an existing object, simply click on the look you want while the object is selected. New objects are created with the most recently selected look.
Selecting a look in the Looks Browser: Each button in the Standard tab is available in eight styles, which are presented to you as a submenu. Each look has a numeric ID that displays as a tool-tip under your mouse. Above, the mouse is on look 23-3. The Custom tab lets you customize the supplied looks or create your own by adjusting the parameters listed above. Three identical sets of controls adjust the parameters for face, edge and shadow respectively. Here are the face controls:
The three option buttons across the top select a solid color, a gradient, or no color (transparency). Clicking the color swatch beside the first button invokes an

190 Pinnacle Studio 9

otherwise standard Windows color-picker dialog to which an Opacity slider (0-100%) has been added. The swatch beside the second button pops up a gradient designer that lets you define a gradient by assigning the starting colors to each corner of a square surface. Click the color swatches in the corners of the gradient window to set the color for that corner in a color-picker dialog.

Chapter 11: Sound effects and music 227

CHAPTER 12:

Making your movie
Studio gives you a variety of ways to share your video productions. This chapter explains how to:
Attach a DV or MicroMV camcorder or a DV VCR
(MicroMV with Windows XP only) Connect an analog (VHS or S-VHS) camcorder or VCR Connect a TV set or video monitor Output your movie to videotape Save your movie as an AVI file Save your movie as an MPEG file Share your movie via the Internet Save your movie as a Windows Media or RealVideo file Output your movie to disc for playback on a DVD, VCD or S-VCD player View a DVD, VCD or S-VCD movie on a computer
All these operations are available in Make Movie mode, which you access by clicking the Make Movie button at the top of the screen.
Chapter 12: Making your movie
Preparing your movie for output Before your movie is actually ready for output some preprocessing will generally be required:
If your movie includes clips that were captured in
preview quality, Studio will prompt you to load your source tape(s) into your DV camcorder or VCR. Studio will then recapture the clips at full resolution. Studio will need to render (generate video frames for) any transitions, titles, disc menus and video effects youve added to your movie, unless they have already been rendered in the background (see Edit settings, page 256). If all or part of the movie was captured in MPEG format, that footage must be rendered in its entirety.
The Make AVI status panel before, during and after rendering. When Studio has completed its batch capture and rendering, the Make Movie Status panel will indicate that your movie is ready for output.

230 Pinnacle Studio 9

Outputting to a camera or video recorder.
. via IEEE-1394 cable If your recording device has a DV input, just connect it to your digital video card with an IEEE-1394 (or i.LINK) cable. The connector at the camcorder end should be labeled DV IN/OUT.
Note: On machines that dont support recording back to the camcorder, including many PAL devices, the DV connector is called simply DV OUT.
. with analog audio / video cables If you have a Studio product with an analog (TV or video) output, such as Studio DVplus or DC10plus, connect the video outputs of the capture card to the inputs of the video recorder and the audio outputs of the sound card (or Studio DVplus) to the audio inputs of the video recorder.

Appendix A: Setup options 249
changed. Preview the source video using your camcorders built-in monitor instead. Aspect ratio: This dropdown list specifies whether the video source for future analog captures should be interpreted as having normal (4:3) or widescreen (16:9) format. Scene detection during video capture The effect of these scene detection options is described under Automatic scene detection on page 25. The options that are actually available depend on the capture device being used: not all devices support all modes.
The first option, Automatic scene detection based on shooting time and date, is available only if you are capturing from a DV source. Your DV camcorder records not only images and sound, but also the time, date, and various camera exposure settings (see your camcorder manual for more detail). This information is termed data code, and is transferred through the IEEE-1394 link along with the video and audio. Under the default setting, Studio uses the data code information to determine when each new scene begins. It grabs the first frame of each new scene to use as an icon for display in the Album.

250 Pinnacle Studio 9

Data code does not work if the tape: includes one or more blank (unrecorded) sections is unreadable due to tape damage or electronic noise was recorded without the camcorder time or date set is a copy of another tape was shot on an 8mm or Hi8 camcorder, and is now being played back on a Digital8 camcorder. Under the final option No auto scene detection a new scene is created each time you press the [Space] key. Data rate The DV format uses a fixed 5:1 compression ratio, which implies a data transfer rate for real-time capture of approximately 3.6 megabytes per second (MB/sec). The transfer rate of your capture drive must be at least 4 MB/sec to allow for any variations across the drive. Test data rate: Click this button to test the data rate of your current capture drive. Studio writes and reads a file of known length, and gives you a read-out of the results in KB/sec (4000 KB/sec equals 4 MB/sec). If you have attempted to capture DV scenes and your capture drive cant accept the DV data rate, a dialog box will inform you of the problem. You have the options of choosing another drive or adding one that meets the data rate requirement. Folder browser: This button sets the disk directory (and thus the drive) in which your captures will be saved, and lets you specify a default file name for captures. The Test Data Rate button will perform its test on the drive where this capture directory is located.
Appendix A: Setup options 251

Capture format settings

The options available here depend on the capture device you are using (from the Capture source tab). You will not see all the settings described below displayed at once. Presets The settings in the other areas on the Capture format panel depend on your choice in this Presets area. The available presets depend in turn on your capture hardware.

Click on Setup

Capture Source. In the lower right of the setup box, click the Test Data Rate button.
The hard drive test will run. On most systems, data rates will be between 25,000 and 35,000 Kbytes/sec.
Note: If you make changes to the system that increase the speed of the capture hard drive such as enabling DMA you will need to run the hard drive data rate test again so that the software will recognize the change.
Solution 5: Use our PPE utility. Use Pinnacles PCI Performance Enhancer utility, which is installed on the Tools submenu under Studios entry on your Start Programs menu. Solution 6: Update the hard drive controller driver. In Device Manager, check the hard drive controller to see if it is a Via or Intel controller. If it is, get a driver
Appendix C: Troubleshooting 313
update from the vendors web-site (as usual, enter the URL as continuous text on a single line): VIA:
www.viaarena.com/?PageID=2

Intel:

appsr.intel.com/scripts-df/filter_results.asp? strOSs=19&strTypes=DRV&ProductID=182& OSFullName=Windows*+2000&submit=Go%21

APPENDIX D:

Videography tips
To shoot good video, then create from it an interesting, exciting or informative movie, is something anyone with a little basic knowledge can achieve. Starting from a rough script or shooting plan, the first step is to shoot your raw video. Even at that stage, you should be looking ahead to the editing phase by making sure you will have a good set of shots to work from. Editing a movie involves juggling all your fragments of footage into some kind of harmonious whole. It means deciding on the particular techniques, transitions and effects that will best express your intent. An important part of editing is the creation of a soundtrack. The right sound dialog, music, commentary or effect can work with the visuals to create a whole greater than the sum of its parts. Studio has the tools you need to create professionalquality home video. The rest is up you the videographer.

APPENDIX E:

Glossary
Multimedia terminology contains computer and video terminology. The most important terms are defined below. Cross-references are indicated by. ActiveMovie: Software interface by Microsoft for the control of multimedia devices under Windows. DirectShow, DirectMedia ADPCM: Acronym for Adaptive Delta Pulse Code Modulation, a method of storing audio information in a digital format. This is the audio encoding and compression method used in CD-I and CD-ROM production. Address: All available saving positions in a computer are numbered (addressed). By means of these addresses each saving position can be occupied. Some addresses are reserved for the exclusive use of particular hardware components. If two components are using the same address, this is called an address conflict. Aliasing: An inaccurate display of an image due to the limitations of the output device. Typically, aliasing appears in the form of jagged edges along curves and angled shapes. Anti-aliasing: A method of smoothing out jagged edges in bitmap images. This is usually accomplished

Appendix E: Glossary 325

by shading the edges with pixels intermediate in color between the edge and the background, making the transition less apparent. Another method of antialiasing involves using higher resolution output devices. Aspect ratio: The ratio of width to height in an image or graphic. Keeping the aspect ratio fixed means that any change to one value is immediately reflected in the other. AVI: Audio Video Interleaved, a standard format for digital video (and Video for Windows). Batch capture: An automated process that uses an edit decision list to locate and recapture specific clips from a videotape, usually at a higher data rate than the clip was originally captured. BIOS: Acronym for Basic Input Output System, which refers to basic input and output commands saved in a ROM, PROM or EPROM. The essential task of the BIOS is the control of input and output. When the system is started, the ROM-BIOS carries out some tests. Parallel port, IRQ, I/O Bit: Abbreviation of BInary digiT, the smallest element of a computers memory. Among other things, bits are used to store the color values of pixels in an image. The more bits used for each pixel, the greater the number of available colors. For example: 1-bit: each pixel is either black or white. 4-bit: allows 16 colors or gray shades. 8-bit: allows 256 colors or gray shades. 16-bit: allows 65,536 colors. 24-bit: allows about 16.7 million colors.

326 Pinnacle Studio 9

Bitmap: An image format made up of a collection of dots or pixels arranged in rows. Pixel Blacking: The process of preparing a videotape for insert editing by recording video black and continuous control track on the entire tape. If the recording deck supports timecode, continuous timecode will be recorded simultaneously (also called striping). Brightness: Also luminance. Indicates the brightness of video. Byte: One byte corresponds to eight bits. With one byte, exactly one alphanumeric character can be displayed (i.e. a letter, number). CD-ROM: Mass storage media for digital data, such as digital video. CD-ROMs can be read from but not ROM is an acronym for written (recorded) onto: Read-Only Memory. Channel: Classifications of information within a data file to isolate a particular aspect of the file. For example, color images use different channels to classify the color components in the image. Stereo audio files use channels to identify the sounds intended for the left and right speakers. Video files use combinations of the channels used for image and audio files. Clip: In Studio, any media type that goes on the Movie Window Storyboard or Timeline, including video images, trimmed video scenes, images, audio files and disc menus. Clipboard: A temporary storage area shared by all Windows programs, used to hold data during cut, copy, and paste operations. Any new data you place onto the clipboard immediately replaces the existing data.

Appendix E: Glossary 327

Closed GOP:
Codec: Contraction of compressor/decompressor an algorithm that compresses (packs) and decompresses (unpacks) image data. Codecs can be implemented in either software or hardware. Color depth: Number of bits delivering the color information for each pixel. A 1-bit color depth allows 21=2 colors, an 8-bit depth allows 28=256 colors, and a 24-bit depth allows 224=16,777,216 colors. Color model: A way to mathematically describe and define colors and the way they relate to each other. Each color model has its own strengths. The two most common color models are RGB and YUV. Color saturation: Intensity of a color. Complementary color: Complementary colors are opposite in value to primary colors. If you were to combine a color with its complement, the result would be white. For example, the complementary colors of red, green and blue are cyan, magenta and yellow respectively. COM Port: A serial port located on the back of your computer for attaching a modem, plotter, printer or mouse to the system. Composite video: Composite video encodes luminance and chrominance information into one signal. VHS and 8mm are formats that record and play back composite video. Compression: A method for making files smaller in size. There are two types of compression: lossless and lossy. Files compressed with a lossless scheme can be restored unchanged from their original state. Lossy schemes discard data during compression, so some

Capturing, 27, 31

A/B, 122 Defined, 91 Explained, 91

Microphone

Connecting, 207
Capture, 17 Edit, 5 Introduced, 1 Make Movie, 229 Setting, 2
Lens flare (video effect), 110 Leveler (audio effect), 226 Levels, Audio and video
In analog capture, 33 In DV capture, 31
Adjusting, 169 Automatic creation of, 166 Creating, 169 Deleting, 170 Editing, 170 In disc menu tool, 174 On disc menus, 161 Repositioning, 170
Mosaic (video effect), 113 Movie

Previewing, 6

Movie Window, 59
Clipboard operations, 74 Drag-and-drop editing, 74 Find scene in Album, 39, 77 Interface features, 76 Positioning, 61 Status message area, 59 Trimming on the Timeline, 78

Views, 62

MP3 files, 54 MPEG
AVI vs. MPEG, 234 Capture options, 256 Captures from DV, 30 Encoding of DV captures, 26, 29 For DVD etc., 29, 30 MPEG-1 vs. MPEG-2, 267 Quality options, 31 Saving movie as, 237

Multiple capture files

Using, 75

Multiple selection

In Title Editor, 186
Multitrack editing, 119 Music, 197, See Background music
Selecting (videography tip), 323
Music video. See SmartMovie Muting tracks, 66
Capture source, 248 CD, voice-over and surround, 260 Data rate, 251 Edit, 256 Frame rate, 265 Main dialog, 247 Make AVI file, 264 Make Disc, 272 Make Movie, 247 Make MPEG file, 266 Make RealVideo file, 268 Make tape, 262 Make Windows Media file, 271 MPEG capture, 256 Organization of, 247 Output to VGA display, 263 Overlay for analog capture preview, 249 Preview during capture, 249 Scene detection, 250 Setting, 4 TV standard, 249 Video compression, 264
In Text and Storyboard view, 83 Of clips - changing, 83

Original audio

Properties, 209 Synchronized with video, 87

Original sounds

Preserving (videography tip), 322
Noise (video effect), 110 Noise reduction (audio effect), 221 Noise reduction (video effect), 104 NTSC, 249

Output

To AVI file, 234 To Internet, 240 To MPEG file, 237 To optical disc, 242 To RealVideo, 239 To videotape, 232 To Windows Media, 239

Objects

In Title Editor, 180
Old film (video effect), 114 Optical disc. See Disc Options, 247
Aspect ratio for analog capture, 250 Audio compression for AVI output, 265 Capture devices, 248 Capture format, 252
Overlay effects, 119 Overlay images
Controlling transparency in, 149 Described, 148

Overlay track, 119

Always show option, 121 Audio, 200 Audio, original, 120 Displaying, hiding, 121 Introduced, 119 Opening, 119

Overlays track

And still images, 147

DVD, 167

Plug-in effects

Unlocking, 97, 102

PAL, 249 Pan and zoom

Video effect, 156

Posterize (video effect), 108 Presets for effects, 99 Preview