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Gene Foster at his off-grid golf course.

Off Grid in Arkansas

John Miggins

2006 John Miggins

A Hybrid Solar and Wind System
ene Foster is a modern-day pioneer, a self-made man who has transformed his 40-acre property in Paris, Arkansas, into a self-sufficient homestead. Over the last nine years, Gene has converted a piece of raw land nestled in the beautiful Arkansas valley to a virtual oasis, complete with a 1,600-square-foot rock home, a 5-acre fish pond, and his own nine-hole golf course. Gene has been in the machining business as owner of Foster Enterprises for 25 years, a trade that has helped him build and modify his independent energy system. When he took a serious look at his retirement options, he realized that his energy costs for 2004 were more than US$3,500, and increasing every year. The alarm bells started ringing, and he asked himself, How can I get a better return on the investment in my new home, and plan for my energy future? Gene set out to lower his energy bills, which at his rate of consumption would total US$35,000 over ten years. He started researching his options on how to provide the four main elements of his home energy needsheating, hot water, cooling, and electricity. Here is how he did it.
home power 114 / august & september 2006

hybrid reliability

Conservation
As a first step, Gene set out to reduce his energy demand by insulating his home and shop thoroughly. The home was wrapped with 1-foot (0.3 m) walls of natural Arkansas stone and the attic insulation was boosted to R-40. The original house had wood siding with R-13 insulation. A stone facade was added to the homes exterior, with a 1- to 2-inch (2.55 cm) gap between the rock and the original siding. Gene then built a large, south-facing screened porch overlooking the lake to manage the afternoon suns impact on his house, and provide a pleasant place to oversee his property. He replaced his natural gas-fueled range, cooktop, and clothes dryer with propane appliances that are supplied by a 100-pound (45 kg) propane tank that is usually filled for about US$50 and lasts about six months. He continues to use these appliances sparingly along with his microwave, which had its clock disconnected to reduce the phantom load. All the lighting in his home and workshop is either compact fluorescent or tubular fluorescent for higher efficiency. He has three ceiling fans and a 3-ton central air conditioner to cool his home. With the exception of the air conditioner, the electrical needs in the house are relatively modest. In the 40- by 60-foot (12 x 18 m) workshop, he has a full machine shop with lathe, mill, sharpeners, grinders, air compressors, and other assorted tools. These are used to maintain his golf course, and to fabricate the many innovations he has developed. The shops electrical load can be large, but most of the time only one device is running. A separate load center in the shop is fed from the main panel at the house. These two AC distribution panels are connected, and now his independent energy system feeds them both. An 18 KW diesel generator is used for large loads like the air conditioner.
Gene Fosters large workshop has served as a useful place for fabricating his wind tower and PV rack system.
This sunroom provides passive heating and daylighting.

Heating & Hot Water

Heating and hot water was the easy part. Gene purchased an outside wood-burning furnace from Hardy Manufacturing. The unit provides both heat and hot water to his home and workshop. It works very well, is made of stainless steel, and will burn for 24 hours or more on a single load of logs, which are plentiful around the property. This furnace is extremely efficient and uses an open-loop water heat exchanger that provides ample hot water to two water An outdoor woodAn open-loop heat This drip oil-assist burning furnace exchanger provides hot booster increases heat tanks and also feeds hot water to two waterprovides most of the water for the house. and reduces the amount to-air heaters for the shop. homes space-heating of wood needed. Gene then designed and installed a needs. drip oil-assist booster that feeds used oil to the heater on a timed basis to boost the of his 80-foot (24 m) well into an A-coil installed in the heating capacity of the furnace. The unit injects 2 ounces (60 g) of oil at timed intervals that allow the fire and flame indoor blower unit, the homes interior air temperature is significantly reduced. The water is then returned to the top in the firebox to burn hotter and reduce the amount of of the well and cycled again. The system is a simple and wood needed by half. effective for short periods of time. The house is heated with a large wood-burning fireplace that draws in cool air at the bottom and blows warmed air out at the top. Gene ducted this heated air stream to Electricity Gene enlisted my company, Harvest Solar & Wind Power, each room to heat his whole home comfortably. These to design and install his independent electricity system. innovations are simple but very effective. After our first meeting, we realized that he had already taken most of the initial steps toward conservation that we Cooling Cooling the house presented the largest load. The 10-yearnormally recommend. He knew his energy needs, and was old, 3-ton air conditioning unit is not efficient (newer models perfectly willing to manage them and his energy generation use about half as much energy), and worked the inverters to achieve the goal of energy independence. hard when the compressor kicked in. To rectify this, Gene Gene wanted multiple charging sources capable of had his air conditioning service technician install a soft-start producing in any weather condition at any time of day. We kit (capacitor) to reduce the compressors start-up surge. designed an off-grid hybrid system using solar electricity, The inverters can now handle the air conditioner with a wind generator, and a backup engine generator. Gene is no problem, but to limit its high energy demand and use, currently building a custom microhydroelectric turbine to Gene designed and installed a fresh water, open-loop cool add to the energy mix. We chose components carefully to allow for maximum water booster. By pumping cool water from the bottom production and flexibility, and to provide for future growth of the system. A 48-volt system was chosen to keep system efficiency high and wiring costs low. A hybrid heating system keeps Genes home at a comfortable temperature. We specified an OutBack power panel with two OutBack VFX3648 inverters and all the options. The panel includes an OutBack MX60 charge controller, the Mate

Author John Miggins shows off the power room.
system monitor, and OutBack disconnects all prewired. This UL-approved power panel supplied by Conergy Inc. simplified the installation and can accommodate up to four inverters if needed. Phil Undercuffler at Conergy and Matt Rust at OutBack were very helpful in the design of this panel, and Conergy had it built and shipped in two days! We selected the Surrette S-530 batteries because of their excellent reputation, long life, 10-year warranty, and safe design. The battery bank is made up of three strings of These Surrette batteries provide eight batteries, wired energy storage. in series and parallel to give a 48-volt system with about 80 KWH of total capacity (40 KWH usable at 50% DOD). The battery system has worked flawlessly. The batteries are installed next to the power panel in the shop on a custom rack that Gene built, and placed next to the south wall to help keep them warm in the winter.
The African Wind Power turbine provides energy on days when theres more wind than sun.

Wind Generator

Gene selected the African Wind Power (AWP) 3.6, 48-volt wind generator with its own controller and air heater dump load. This generator sits on an 80-foot (24 m) tower that Gene designed and built. The towers design allows him to single-handedly raise and lower Just another sunny day at the course for Gene Foster. the wind generator, another of his engineering feats. Photovoltaics Gene installed the tower and wind generator himself, with buried cables to the power room, where the threeThe solar-electric array is made up of 22 Sharp 165-watt phase wild AC output of the generator is converted to modules, wired at 48 volts to provide 3,630 rated watts and about 12 AC KWH per day. At the time, these were 48 volts DC. The AWP 3.6 is a robust machine that starts generating at about 9 mph (4 m/s), and is a quiet yet reliable the largest panels we could get, and we received excellent addition to the system. service and design assistance from Doug Broach with Carmanah. Microhydro The modules were installed on two custom, tracking mounts that Gene built on site. Setting the charge parameters Genes golf course is small, but the greens require a lot of for the OutBack inverters and MX60 was simple and water, so he created a 5-acre pond. Two 240-volt pumps supply water to each green for an hour each morning in the straightforward, given the information from James Surrette summer, with ample power and energy from the system. at Surrette Batteries and Matt at OutBack. The batteries and inverters have risen to meet any electrical demand There is a 10-foot (3 m) drop on one side of the that Gene has thrown at them. The ability to recharge the pond where Gene built and is installing his own microhydroelectric turbine. When the seasons change batteries with a strong generator and Genes willingness to and the greens need less water, the hydro system will be manage his demand are keys to the success of the system.

Photovoltaics: Twenty-two Sharp, 165 W each at 24 VDC, wired for 3,630 W total at 48 VDC
PV Combiners: OutBack PSPV with 10 A breakers

Networking: OutBack Hub

Monitoring: OutBack Mate
Inverters: Two OutBack VFX3648, 3,600 W; 48 VDC input, 7,200 W total output at 120/240 VAC
Charge Controller: OutBack MX60 MPPT
Turbine: African Wind Power 3.6 Diversion Load: AWP

H N H G

Backup Engine Generator

175 A 175 A

H N G H N G
Wind Controller/ Disconnect: AWP
Balancing Transformer: OutBack X-240
Battery Monitor: TriMetric 2020 Fuse: 2A AC Mains Panel: To 120/240 VAC household loads
Batteries: Twenty-four Surrette S-530, flooded lead-acid, 400 AH each at 6 VDC, wired for 1,200 AH at 48 VDC
Shunt: 500 A, 50 mV Note: All numbers are rated, manufacturers specifications, or nominal unless otherwise specified.

System Costs Tech Specs

Overview
System type: Off-grid, battery-based PV and wind-electric Location: Paris, Arkansas Solar resource: 4.5 average daily peak sun-hours PV production: 360 AC KWH per month Wind resource: 10 mph (4.5 m/s) average wind speed Wind production: 160 AC KWH per month Description 22 Sharp 165 W panels OutBack power panel Deutz diesel engine generator 24 Surrette S-530 batteries AWP wind generator PV rack, homebuilt Tower, homebuilt Wiring, other Installation Wiring, batteries TriMetric battery monitor OutBack combiner box/wiring Total Cost (US$) $15,950 6,950 6,500 5,664 3,015 2,500 1,$43,638

Photovoltaics

Modules: 22 Sharp, 165 W STC, 34.6 Vmp, 24 VDC nominal Array: 11 two-module series strings, 3,630 W STC total, 69.2 Vmp, 48 VDC nominal Array installation: Homebuilt trackers

Wind Turbine & Tower

Turbine: African Wind Power (AWP) 3.6, 48 VDC Rotor diameter: 11.8 feet (3.6 m) Rated energy output: 192 DC KWH per month at 12 mph (5.4 m/s) Rated peak power output: 1,000 W at 22 mph (9.8 m/s) Tower: 80-foot guyed, homebuilt
employed to charge the batteries. In the fall and spring, the creek-fed pond used to run over the spillway. Now Gene will divert this water into the hydro generator for additional charging capability about four months out of the year. When the pond is full enough, the generator will be able to run for 48 hours nonstop.

Diesel Generator

The fuel-fired generator is a new Deutz diesel 18 KW generator that runs on 1/2 gallon (2 l) of fuel per hour at half load, and puts out stable 240 volts AC. Gene will have to pay for diesel to run it, but he can buy off-road diesel by the tanker load. This backup generator provides a nice buffer should his system require more input. The engine generators AC output feeds into the AC input of the OutBack power panel and is immediately available for direct use, to charge batteries, or both.

Energy Storage

Batteries: 24 Surrette S-530, 6 VDC nominal, 400 AH at 20-hour rate, flooded lead-acid Battery bank: 48 VDC nominal, 1,200 AH total

Pulling the Plug

After the system was installed and tested, Gene pulled the plug on his utility service. In many cases, this wouldnt make economic or environmental sense, but the local utility is not supportive of grid-tied systems. They would have paid a low rate for Genes surplus electricity, while requiring him to spend at least US$2,500 to meet their equipment standards. Gene enjoys both the independence and the responsibility of having a stand-alone renewable energy system. The system is designed with the ability to harvest the energy abundant around us in multiple ways and allows Gene to live off the land, while still enjoying all the comforts of a modern home. Having an independent energy system is a dream of many that is now a reality and a source of pride for this Arkansas homeowner. Having plenty of golfing buddies to enjoy it with makes it that much more fun.

Balance of System

PV charge controller: OutBack MX60, 60 A, MPPT, 48 VDC nominal input voltage, 48 VDC nominal output Wind turbine charge controller: AWP controller with diversion load Inverters: Two OutBack VFX3648, 48 VDC nominal input, 120/240 VAC output System performance metering: TriMetric battery monitor

Access

John Miggins, Harvest Solar & Wind Power, 1571 E. 22 Pl., Tulsa, OK 74114 877-743-2299 or 918-743-2299 Fax: 877-743-2299 or 918-743-2299 jmiggins@cox.net www.harvest-energy.com System designer & integrator Gene Foster, Foster Enterprises, 8591 W. State Hwy 22, Paris, AR 72855 479-635-2651 Owner & system designer Abundant Renewable Energy (ARE) 503-538-8298 www.abundantre.com AWP 3.6 wind generator Bogart Engineering 831-338-0616 www. bogartengineering.com TriMetric battery monitor Carmanah 800-671-0169 or 801-501-9353 www.carmanah.com PVs & design support Conergy 888-396-6611 or 505-473-3800 www.conergy.us Design & engineering support Deutz Corp. 770-564-7100 www.deutzamericas.com Diesel engine generator Hardy Manufacturing Co. Inc. 800-5-Hardy-5 or 601-656-5866 www.hardyheater.com Outdoor wood-burning furnace OutBack Power Systems 360-435-6030 www.outbackpower.com Power panel, inverter, etc. Sharp Solar 800-237-4277 http://solar.sharpusa.com PVs Surrette Battery Co. Ltd. 800-681-9914 or 902-597-3767 www.surrette.com Batteries

Service Rang & Namen

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Service: Rang & Namen

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Name Heft Preis in Punkte Bemerkungen
Abacus Rieder Amp 50 Accuphase E-530 Accuphase E-203 Accuphase E-205 Accuphase E-206 Accuphase E-210 Accuphase E-211 Accuphase E-211 Accuphase E-303 Accuphase E-303 X Accuphase E-305 Accuphase E-306 V Accuphase E-405 Acoustic Research A 03 Acoustic Research A 07 Acoustic Research A 07 Adyton Opera Aiwa AA-8500 E Aiwa XA-006 Akai AM-2400 Akai AM-35 Akai AM-47 Akai AM-52 Akai AM-55 Akai AM-65 Akai AM-67 Akai AM-73 Akai AM-93 Akai AM-95 Akai AM-A 301 Akai AM-U 61 AMC 3050 AMC CVT 3030 A Arcam A 65 Arcam A 85 Arcam Alpha Arcam Alpha 10 Arcam Alpha 3 Arcam Alpha 5 Arcam Alpha 8 Arcam Delta 60 Arcam Delta 90 Arion Tycho ASR Emitter 1 Plus SQ ASR Schfer Emitter II HD Audio Analogue Puccini
04/86 02/03 02/80 04/86 06/89 09/95 04/01 04/01 10/79 08/85 05/88 05/98 02/90 01/94 11/89 12/89 11/93 12/81 05/94 03/79 02/91 02/92 11/87 02/91 11/89 10/92 09/88 03/89 06/90 12/85 12/82 06/96 06/98 05/02 05/02 03/87 08/98 10/92 01/94 03/98 11/89 08/87 01/96 04/01 03/97 12/97

6500 950

21-23 Punkte, frher om37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 45-47 Punkte, frher as50 43-45 43-45-47 Punkte, frher as3 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 41-43 Punkte, frher as4 25-27 Punkte, frher s4 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 9-11 Punkte, frher m2 25-27 Punkte, frher s4 37-39 Punkte, frher s33-35 Punkte, frher s33-35 Punkte, frher s2 29-31 Punkte, frher s33-35 Punkte, frher s2 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 41-43 Punkte, frher as26 21
digital digital FB digital digital digital
Audio Innovations Audio NET SAM Audio Net SAM V 2 Audio Research CA 50 Audioanalyse PA 90 Audium 6L6 Aura VA 40 Avantgarde C 1 AVM A 2 AVM Competition amp AVM Evolution A 1 AVM Inspiration A 6 Ayre AX 7 Ayre AX 7 X Braun A 1 Burmester 909 Burmester 959 Burmester Rondo 991 Burmester Rondo 991 Burmester Twin-Amp 940 Cairn Alegra Cambridge A 1 Mk 3 Cambridge ATAC 3 Cambridge ATAC 3 Advance Edit. Cambridge Audio A 500 Camtech Der Verstrker Camtech V 102 Cayin 220 Cayin 500 Cayin 600 Cayin TA 30 Cayin TA 35 Classe Audio CAP 100 Conrad Johnson CAV 50 Creek 4330 Creek 5250 Creek 5250 SE Creek 5350 Creek 5350 SE Creek A 50i Cybernet CA-50 Cyrus 5 Cyrus 6 Denon AVC-1530 Denon AVC-A 1 SR Denon AVC-A 10 SE Denon AVC-A 11 SR Denon PMA 655 R Denon PMA-1060 Denon PMA-1315 R Denon PMA-1500 R Denon PMA-2000 Denon PMA-250 Denon PMA-250 SE Denon PMA-260 Denon PMA-280 Denon PMA-300 Denon PMA-350 SE Denon PMA-360 Denon PMA-425 R Denon PMA-500 Denon PMA-500 V Denon PMA-520 Denon PMA-525 R
06/91 02/98 01/01 03/97 06/89 11/93 11/89 09/95 07/99 03/97 03/92 10/02 06/02 04/03 02/81 06/91 08/96 11/99 08/02 01/95 05/99 09/98 06/96 09/96 09/03 03/98 11/95 12/01 02/00 03/01 11/01 05/02 09/97 10/98 05/99 01/98 03/98 06/01 05/02 09/03 03/79 03/00 10/03 12/94 07/02 08/00 01/02 05/00 09/91 10/94 05/98 07/96 03/87 11/97 03/90 05/94 11/86 05/97 02/91 03/97 04/81 03/87 08/88 12/95

300 250

33-35 Punkte, frher s37-39 Punkte, frher s1 41-43 Punkte, frher as4 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 45-47 Punkte, frher as22 41-43 Punkte, frher as53-55 Punkte, frher as1 45-47 Punkte, frher as47 49-51 Punkte, frher as28 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 33-35 Punkte, frher s42 37-39 Punkte, frher s25-27 Punkte, frher s4 51/43 45/38 49/33-35 Punkte, frher s2 33-35 Punkte, frher s41-43 Punkte, frher as4 25-27 Punkte, frher s29-31 Punkte, frher s3 29-31 Punkte, frher s29-31 Punkte, frher s25-27 Punkte, frher s4 25-27 Punkte, frher s4 25-27 Punkte, frher s4 29-31 Punkte, frher s3
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08/88 04/82 05/85 09/88 10/87 09/88 10/84 03/79 06/86 10/450 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 21-23 Punkte, frher om1 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 15-17 Punkte, frher m1 17-19 Punkte, frher om 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 45-47 Punkte, frher as18 25-27 Punkte, frher s4 21-23 Punkte, frher om1 15-17 Punkte, frher m1 21-23 Punkte, frher om1 Hitachi HA-7700 Jadis Orchestra JJ Electronic 828 JVC A-K 200 JVC A-K 300 B JVC AX-411 JVC AX-5 JVC AX-500 VB JVC AX-55 JVC AX-611 JVC AX-77 JVC AX-A 572 JVC AX-Z 1010 JVC JA-S 22 Kenwood DA-9010 Kenwood KA-2050 L Kenwood KA-3010 Kenwood KA-3050 R Kenwood KA-400 Kenwood KA-4010 Kenwood KA-4020 Kenwood KA-4040 R Kenwood KA-405 Kenwood KA-4050 R Kenwood KA-5010 Kenwood KA-5020 Kenwood KA-5040 R Kenwood KA-5090 R Kenwood KA-550 Kenwood KA-550 D Kenwood KA-5700 Kenwood KA-660 D Kenwood KA-660 D Kenwood KA-7010 Kenwood KA-7020 Kenwood KA-7090 R Kenwood KA-74 Kenwood KA-747 Kenwood KA-770 D Kenwood KA-801 Kenwood KA-9 X Kenwood KA-900 Kenwood KA-990 Kenwood KA-990 SD Kenwood KA-990 V Kenwood KAF-3010 R Kenwood KAF-3030 R Kenwood KA-V 8500 Kenwood L-01 A Kenwood L-02 A Kora Explorer 90 SL Lindemann Amp 1.0 Lindemann Amp 3 Lindemann Amp 3 Mk II Lindemann Amp 4 Linn Intek Linn Klimax Kontrol Loewe SX-6396 Lua 4040 C Lua 6060 C Lua Sonata Lundahl Magnetic Amplifier Luxman A-371 Luxman A-384 Luxman L-190 Luxman L-3 Luxman L-405 Luxman L-410 Luxman L-435 Luxman L-503 s Luxman L-505s Luxman L-510 Luxman L-525 Luxman L-530 Luxman L-540 Luxman L-560 Luxman LV-105 Luxman LV-110 Luxman LV-112 Luxman LV-113 Luxman LV-117 Marantz 1050 Marantz 1072 Marantz PM 14 Mk II KI Marantz PM 15 Marantz PM 16 Marantz PM 17 Marantz PM 17 KI 04/81 02/98 10/02 12/84 08/84 09/89 04/81 05/85 10/83 11/89 10/82 01/94 06/90 03/79 06/90 09/93 03/90 05/93 09/80 10/89 02/91 02/92 07/80 01/94 07/89 02/91 02/92 05/97 03/87 11/88 03/79 10/85 06/88 01/89 09/91 01/97 12/85 06/86 11/87 02/80 12/82 04/81 10/83 05/85 10/86 09/98 05/00 11/94 09/80 09/82 03/01 11/93 01/96 07/97 04/01 06/91 11/02 02/81 02/00 10/00 06/02 09/99 09/91 11/95 10/84 10/79 10/86 10/83 08/86 02/98 06/97 10/82 04/86 08/85 02/90 05/88 06/85 08/88 06/88 09/88 10/87 03/79 12/78 04/01 08/94 06/97 09/97 08/1750 21-23 Punkte, frher om51 9-11 Punkte, frher m2 17-19 Punkte, frher om 25-27 Punkte, frher s4 21-23 Punkte, frher om1 25-27 Punkte, frher s4 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 25-27 Punkte, frher s4 25-27 Punkte, frher s4 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 25-27 Punkte, frher s4 21-23 Punkte, frher om1 25-27 Punkte, frher s4 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 33-35 Punkte, frher s17-19 Punkte, frher om2 25-27 Punkte, frher s4 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 25-27 Punkte, frher s4 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 33-35 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63/58 SurroundVorverstrker

5 stereoplay 2004

Mark Levinson No 38 S Mark Levinson No. 28 Mark Levinson No. 380 MBL 4010 MBL 5010 CM MBL 5010 CM MBL Der Vorverstrker McIntosh C 2200 McIntosh C 27 McIntosh C 29 McIntosh C 29 McIntosh C 33 McIntosh C 712 McIntosh MC 7205 McIntsoh C 100 Mclntosh MX132 Meridian 201 Meridian 501 Meridian 562/517/516 Meridian 565 Meridian 568 Meridian MCLP Metaxas Marquis Metaxas Opulence Mission 776 Mission Pre Mitsubishi DA-P 600 Mondial Acurus ACT 3 Monrio Primus Moscode Minuet in A Musical Fidelity Preamp 3 AX Musical Fidelity X P 100 Musical Fidelity X-Pre Musical Technology P 1 Myryad MP 100 NAD 1130 NAD 114 NAD 1155 NAD 118 NAD 1240 NAD 1300 NAD C 160 NAD PP 2 NAD S-100 Nagra PL-P Naim AV 2 Naim NAC 282 + HiCap Naim NAC 500 Naim NAC 552 Nakamichi CA-5 E Nakamichi CA-5 E II Nikko Beta 400 Nikko Beta II Octave HP 200 Octave HP 300 Octave HP 500 Octave HP 500 Octave HP 500 Mk 3 Onkyo P-200 Onkyo P-3030 Onkyo P-3060 Onkyo P-3060 R Onkyo P-3090 Onkyo P-3390 Onkyo P-3890 Parasound P/HP 850 Parasound P/LD 1100 Parasound P/LD 2000 Parasound P/LP 1500 Parasound P/SP 1000 Parasound P/SP 1500 Pass X 2 Pass Xono Perreaux SM 2 Pioneer C-7 Pioneer C-73 Pioneer C-90 Pioneer C-Z 1 Plinius Jarrah Proceed AVP Proceed PAV Proton AP-1000 Proton AP-400 Pro Quad 34 Quad 44 02/95 10/91 07/99 10/83 04/98 06/00 02/88 04/03 09/78 01/80 05/82 08/83 10/97 10/00 06/98 10/00 06/88 07/95 08/97 04/98 03/01 12/85 09/91 02/88 03/83 04/97 05/79 10/99 03/95 08/86 07/88 05/00 07/98 08/01 03/99 04/86 04/97 12/86 04/96 05/89 06/88 05/01 11/03 12/98 02/98 08/02 06/03 10/97 09/02 11/85 10/89 01/89 11/79 09/93 07/01 10/90 03/96 02/00 11/85 11/83 01/82 03/83 11/81 12/86 09/92 06/94 02/95 03/96 03/94 07/95 12/96 11/98 10/01 06/85 07/91 02/91 08/86 09/80 08/01 01/01 09/94 01/89 06/94 01/89 03/k.A. 750 53-55 Punkte, frher as1 43-37-39 Punkte, frher s51 43-Restek V 2a 03/Rotel RC 1070 05/Rotel RC-1000 05/Rotel RC-2000 07/Rotel RC-850 06/Rotel RC-870 BX 05/Rotel RC-970 BX 06/Rotel RC-972 03/Rotel RC-990 BX 09/Rotel RC-995 10/Rotel RHA-10 09/Rotel RSP 1066 08/Rotel RSP-960 12/Rotel TC-980 AX 03/Rowen PR 1 08/Rowland Consonance 10/SAC Epsilon 02/SAC Mediatore 12/SAE 2100 L 06/SAE X 1 P 12/Sherwood AP-7020 09/Sherwood AVP-8500 R 12/Siemens RP 666 03/Sony TA-E 1000 ESD 10/Sony TA-E 2000 ESD 08/Sony TA-E 90 ES 02/Sony TA-E 900 01/Sony TA-E 901 07/Sony TA-E 901 03/Sony TAE-9000 ES 06/Stax CA-Y 05/Sudgen C 28 06/Sumo Athena 06/Sumo Electra 12/T + A P 1220 01/T + A PD 1200 R 01/T + A Pulsar P 1200 R 09/T + A Pulsar P 2000 04/T + A Pulsar P 2000 AC 12/T + A Pulsar P 2000 AC 10/TAG McLaren AV 192 R (PL II, 6.1, U2, Raumkorr.) TAG McLaren AV 32 R-EX TAG McLaren DPA 32 R TAG McLaren PA 20 R TAG McLaren PPA 20 Tandberg 3038 A Tandberg TCA 3002 Tandberg TCA 3002 A Technics SU-A 4 Mk II Technics SU-A 40 Technics SU-A 6 Technics SU-A 60 Technics SU-A 8 Technics SU-C 1000 Technics SU-C 3000 Terratec Phono Preamp Studio Theta Casablanca II Threshold FET One Threshold FET Two Mk II Thule PR 250 Thule spirit Control Toshiba Aurex SY-A 88 Toshiba Aurex SY-A 90 Uher UPA 3000 VT Uher UPA-1000 Vincent LS 1 Vincent SA 11 Vincent SA T 1 VTL Maximal WBE Diamond 36 HE Yamaha C-2a Yamaha C-2x Yamaha C-4 Yamaha C-60 Yamaha C-65 Yamaha C-70 Yamaha CX-50 Yamaha CX-70 Yamaha CX-830 Yves Cochet P Deux 03/01 11/00 10/98 01/02 10/89 01/82 06/84 07/84 10/90 01/82 07/88 12/81 10/95 03/99 06/03 05/01 05/82 03/86 04/00 02/98 09/82 11/83 09/93 09/92 04/96 02/98 07/03 05/90 08/01 09/80 06/85 08/80 09/84 12/86 09/82 10/88 10/89 10/90 08/33-35 Punkte, frher s2 48

FB Rhre; Phono MM

43-45 43-55/57/54 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s50 57/51 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 43-45 43-45 43-49/36 49-51 Punkte, frher as2 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 37-39 Punkte, frher s44 56/33-35 Punkte, frher s33-35 Punkte, frher s2 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 33-35 Punkte, frher s40/52 58/37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 37-39 Punkte, frher s43-45 53-55 Punkte, frher as37-39 Punkte, frher s1 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 43-45 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 43-45 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 49-51 Punkte, frher as2 53-55 Punkte, frher as1 43-45 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 49-51 Punkte, frher as60/61 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 43-45 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 52/53 57/53 43-45 25-27 Punkte, frher s4 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 29-31 Punkte, frher s3
Multikanal AC-3,DTS, MPEG-2
29-31 Punkte, frher s3 25-27 Punkte, frher s4 37-39 Punkte, frher s43-45 49-51 Punkte, frher as2 43-45 50/37 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 53-55 Punkte, frher as1 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 49-51 Punkte, frher as2 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 47/36 43-45 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 33-35 Punkte, frher s60/51 43-45 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 08/03 56/53 58/57/57 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s36/--59/54 43-45 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 51/37-39 Punkte, frher s1 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 33-35 Punkte, frher s52 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 49/50 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 33-35 Punkte, frher s2

Surround-Vorverstrker

Surround alle Dec. + Raumprozessor

mit Endstufe digital

mit DA-A 600 Mulitkanal

Digital

Separater PhonoVorverstrker
10600 60/55 Surround-Vorverstrker AC3, DTS, EX, THX Digital seperater PhonoVorverstrker
Surround-Vorverstrker Phono MM oder MC 390,-
Separater PhonoVorverstrker Multikanal, AC-3, DTS

AC-3, DTS

Surround Phono

Rhre, ohne Phono Phono

Phono Multikanal

6 stereoplay 2004

Endverstrker
a/d/s PH 6 Accuphase M-100 Accuphase M-1000 Accuphase P-266 Accuphase P-300 L Accuphase P-300 V Accuphase P-300 X Accuphase P-400 Accuphase P-500 Accuphase P-600 Accuphase P-700 Accuphase P-800 Accuphase Pro 5 Accustic Arts Amp I Accustic Arts Amp I Accustic Arts Amp II Adcom GFA 5500 Adcom GFA-555 AES Model Two Akai DA-A 9500 Akai PA-W 06 Amcron Goodyne II AMP Mono an+di Revolution A 5 an+di Revolution II Arion Tycho Audio Analogue Donizetti Audio Analogue Donizetti Audio Labor P 3 Audio Physic Strada (Paar) Audio Research Reference 600 Audio Research VT 100 Mk II Audio Research VT 250 Audioanalyse B 90 Audiolabor Diamant Audiolabor Diamant Gold Audiolabor ES 200 Audiolabor Schnell Audiolabor Stark Audiolabor Stark AudioNET Amp 1 AudioNET Amp II Aura PA 100 Avantgarde Basic A1 AVM Competition mono AVM Evolution M 1 AVM Evolution M 3 AVM Evolution M 3 S AVM Evolution M 4 AVM Evolution M 5 AVM M 2 Ayre V 5 B & W MPA 1 Bartolomeo D 100 Bel Canto Evo 200.2 Benytone MA 4000 Boulder 500 Bow Walrus Braun a/d/s PA 4 Bryston 3 B Bryston 4 B Bryston 4 B Bryston 7 B-RX Burmester 828 Burmester 850 Burmester 956 Burmester 956 Mk II Burmester Concerto Power-Amp Cabre AS 102 Cairn Ion T 2 Cairn Studio I Camtech Mono Verstrker Camtech Stereo Verstrker L Carver M-400 Carver M-400t Carver Silver Seven Cayin 800 MK Cello Performance Chord SPM 1200 B Class Audio CA 300 Class CAV 180 Conrad Johnson Johnson MF-200 Conrad Johnson MV 45

03/93 12/82 06/90 12/83 03/85 05/88 01/82 04/81 03/86 01/84 05/96 12/88 08/85 08/99 03/01 09/99 02/98 07/88 03/95 11/89 12/81 09/92 07/98 10/97 11/96 01/96 07/97 08/01 01/85 06/02 06/96 11/98 06/98 10/89 02/97 10/97 10/80 06/85 01/85 03/86 12/94 02/97 04/97 11/94 10/96 04/91 12/93 12/97 05/95 03/99 08/00 02/02 04/88 03/89 04/00 03/83 04/88 03/00 11/88 12/83 07/84 10/89 11/91 04/84 05/86 02/96 05/00 01/93 07/84 08/01 08/99 05/95 03/98 05/81 11/83 10/89 03/01 07/90 11/94 12/96 11/01 10/91 08/85
37-39 Punkte, frher s1 43-45 49-51 Punkte, frher as2 43-45 43-45 43-45 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 43-45 43-45 53-55 Punkte, frher as1 43-45 37-39 Punkte, frher s42 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 45-47 Punkte, frher as3 43-45 37-39 Punkte, frher s27 43-45 41-43 Punkte, frher as49 37-39 Punkte, frher s43-56 37-39 Punkte, frher s28 33-35 Punkte, frher s2 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 43-45 43-45 53-55 Punkte, frher as20 53-55 Punkte, frher as1 45-47 Punkte, frher as3 49-51 Punkte, frher as2 49-51 Punkte, frher as53-55 Punkte, frher as37-39 Punkte, frher s1 43-33-35 Punkte, frher s2 43-37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 45-47 Punkte, frher as3 43-45 43-45 53-55 Punkte, frher as41-43 Punkte, frher as4 37-39 Punkte, frher s49 41-43 Punkte, frher as33-35 Punkte, frher s2 29-31 Punkte, frher s3 43-53-55 Punkte, frher as1 49-51 Punkte, frher as2 53-55 Punkte, frher as1 54/52 37-39 Punkte, frher s1 37-39 Punkte, frher s1

6 Kanal Paar Paar

Conrad Johnson Premier 12 09/98 Conrad Johnson Premier 4 04/87 Conrad Johnson Premier One 04/88 Conrad Johnson SA 250 07/97 Creek A-52 SE 07/98 Crest FA 901 09/92 Cybernet A 2 06/80 Denon POA-1500 11/83 Denon POA-1500 06/84 Denon POA-2200 11/86 Denon POA-3000 10/80 Denon POA-3000 Z 03/85 Denon POA-4400 A 01/89 Denon POA-5000 03/93 Denon POA-6600 08/87 Denon POA-6600 09/87 Denon POA-800 10/89 Denon POA-8000 08/82 Denon POA-S 1 07/94 Denon POA-T 3 + POA-T 2 12/96 Electrocompaniet 250 DMB 02/94 Electrocompaniet 60 FTT 04/97 Electrocompaniet Ampliwire 100 03/86 Electrocompaniet Ampliwire 100 DMB Electrocompaniet Ampliwire 250 Electrocompaniet Ampliwire Ia Electrocompaniet AW 180 Electrocompaniet Nemo Esoteric Audio Research 549 Experience Classic Experience Quadriga Experience Renaissance RS 9105 Fidelity Research Sarder Fidelity Topas Fidelity Topas Mk III Fidelix 2B-4 Fostex AP-1020 Gassmann Akustik Avantgarde A 1 Graaf GM 100 Grundig MA 100 Hafler DH-220 Hafler XL-280 Harman PA 4000 (4-Kanal) Harman Signature 2.1 Harman/Kardon Citation 19 Harman/Kardon Citation 22 Harman/Kardon Citation X-1 Harman/Kardon Citation XX Harman/Kardon hk 775 Harman/Kardon hk 870 Hitachi HMA-7500 Mk II Hitachi HMA-8500 Mk II Hitachi HMA-9500 Mk II Isostatic Ultra Jadis JA 30 Jadis JA 500 Julius Futtermann Kenwood Basic M 1 Kenwood L-08 M Kenwood L-1000 M Kort KR Enterprise VT 6000 PPM Krell FPB 250 M Krell FPB-M 650 Krell KAS-100 Krell KAV-500 Krell KSA-100 Krell KSA-250 BEUR Krell KSA-250 EUR LAB 1300 C LAB 2000 C L'Audiophile Le Classe A Lindemann AMP 3 Linn AV 5125 Linn Klimax 500 Twin Linn Klimax Solo 500 (Paar) Linn LK 2 Linnenberg Power DAC Linnenberg Poweramp Luxman B-10 Luxman M-02 Luxman M-03 Luxman M-05 Luxman M-07 Luxman M-300 Luxman M-363 Luxman M-4000 A 04/88 03/85 01/96 09/99 12/85 09/92 09/93 03/90 04/87 08/86 07/88 01/85 09/92 07/92 01/02 12/81 06/84 08/90 04/03 06/99 12/78 12/87 12/83 04/83 06/82 11/83 10/80 11/83 04/81 06/94 08/86 10/89 06/79 10/83 08/81 10/90 04/87 09/99 11/97 03/98 05/82 04/98 03/86 11/89 10/88 11/94 11/94 03/85 01/96 07/01 01/02 11/02 04/86 09/94 01/95 09/96 06/84 06/88 07/94 01/90 01/82 02/94 10/80