Descrio

Discos IDE
Samsung SP0842N HD080HJ SP1654N HD160JJ SP2514N SP2514N/KIT SP2504C SP2504C/KIT HD300LD HD300LD/KIT HD321KJ HD400LD HD400LD/KIT HD401LJ HD400LJ/KIT HD501LJ Seagate ST3802110A ST380215A ST380811AS ST3160212A ST3160811AS ST3250820A ST3250820AS ST3320620A ST3320620AS ST3400620A ST3400620AS 112050 MAXTOR STM380211AS STM3250820A STM3250820AS STM3300622A STM3320820A STM3320820AS HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD Samsung Samsung Samsung Samsung Samsung Samsung Samsung Samsung Samsung Samsung Samsung Samsung Samsung Samsung Samsung Samsung 80Gb 7,200RPM UDMA/133 IDE 80Gb 7,200RPM SERIAL ATA II 160Gb 7,200RPM UDMA/133 160Gb 7,200RPM SERIAL ATA II 250Gb 7,200RPM 8MB UDMA/133 IDE 250Gb 7,200RPM 8MB UDMA/133 IDE RETALHO 250Gb 7,200RPM SERIAL ATA II 250Gb 7,200RPM SERIAL ATA II RETALHO 300Gb 7,200RPM 8MB UDMA/133 IDE 300Gb 7,200RPM 8MB UDMA/133 IDE RETALHO 320Gb 7,200RPM SERIAL ATA II 400Gb 7,200RPM 8MB UDMA/133 IDE 400Gb 7,200RPM 8MB UDMA/133 IDE RETALHO 400Gb 7,200RPM SERIAL ATA II 16mb Cache 400Gb 7,200RPM SERIAL ATA II RETALHO 500Gb 7,200RPM SERIAL ATA II 16mb Cache
48,66 47,94 64,41 61,55 74,42 88,74 77,28 91,25 103,05 116,64 98,75 118,79 153,68 125,23 159,17 159,57
HDD 80GB 7200RPM UDMA/100 IDE HDD 80GB 7200RPM UDMA/100 IDE HDD 80GB 7200RPM Serial -ATA HDD 160GB 7200RPM UDMA/100 IDE HDD 160GB 7200RPM Serial - ATA II HDD 250GB 7200RPM UDMA/100 IDE HDD 250GB 7200RPM Serial - ATA II HDD 320GB 7200RPM IDE HDD 320GB 7200RPM Serial - ATA HDD 400GB 7200RPM UDMA/100 IDE HDD 400GB 7200RPM Serial - ATA Cabo de alimentao para discos Serial- ATA 15cm
47,22 46,73 48,04 60,11 63,40 80,94 80,86 103,05 103,05 153,70 159,21 1,01

HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD

Diamond Diamond Diamond Diamond Diamond Diamond
Max 80GB SATA 2M Max21 250GB 8mb cache 7,200rpm ATA/100 Max21 250GB 8mb cache 7,200rpm SATA II Max20 300GB 16mb cache 7,200rpm ATA/100 Max21 320GB 8mb cache 7,200rpm ATA/100 Max21 320GB 8mb cache 7,200rpm SATA II
43,87 73,71 75,17 99,11 94,46 96,24
HDD para portteis Hitachi 0A27468 0A27469 Samsung MP0402H HM060HC HM080HC HM100JC HM120JC
HDD 100GB 8mb cache 4200RPM 2,5" HDD 120GB 8mb cache 4200RPM 2,5"

84,28 93,32

HDD HDD HDD HDD HDD
40GB 8mb cache 5400RPM 2,5" 60GB 8mb cache 5400RPM 2,5" 80GB 8mb cache 5400RPM 2,5" 100GB 8mb cache 5400RPM 2,5" 120GB 8mb cache 5400RPM 2,5"
50,63 57,14 65,83 76,68 91,15
HM160JC HM080HI HM100JI HM120JI HM160JI
160GB 8mb cache 5400RPM 2,5" 80GB 8mb cache 5400RPM SATA 2,5" 100GB 8mb cache 5400RPM SATA 2,5" 120GB 8mb cache 5400RPM SATA 2,5" 160GB 8mb cache 5400RPM SATA 2,5"
137,44 65,83 76,68 91,15 137,44

Discos USB

LACIE LaCie BRICK Mobile hard Drive 301054 HDD 60 GB / 2"5 / USB 2.0 / 5400 RPM / Bus Powered / Red 301055 HDD 80 GB / 2"5 / USB 2.0 / 5400 RPM / 8MB / Bus-powered / Blue 301056 HDD 120 GB / 2"5 / USB 2.0 / 5400 RPM / 8MB / Bus-powered / Red LaCie SAFE Mobile Hard Drive 300813 HDD 80 GB / Biometric / 2"5 / USB 2.0 / 5400 RPM / Bus Powered 300817 HDD 120 GB / Biometric / 2"5 / USB 2.0 / 4200 RPM / Bus Powered LaCie Rugged 301175

100,53 120,36 147,26

100,53 120,36
HDD 80 GB / 2"5 / USB 2.0 / 5400 RPM / 8 MB / Bus Powered HDD 120 GB / 2"5 / USB 2.0 / 5400 RPM / 8 MB / Bus Powered HDD 160 GB / 2"5 / USB 2.0 / 5400 RPM / 8 MB / Bus Powered HDD 80 GB / 2"5 / USB 2.0 & FireWire 400 & FireWire 800 / 5400 RPM / 8 MB / Bus Powered HDD 100 GB / 2"5 / USB 2.0 & FireWire 400 & FireWire 800 / 7200 RPM / 8 MB / Bus Powered HDD 120 GB / 2"5 / USB 2.0 & FireWire 400 & FireWire 800 / 5400 RPM / 8 MB / Bus Powered HDD 160 GB / 2"5 / USB 2.0 & FireWire 400 & FireWire 800 / 5400 RPM / 8 MB / Bus Powered
114,69 148,67 191,16 134,51 249,20 188,32 219,47
LaCie Little Big Disk 301088EK HDD 160 GB / 2"5 / USB 2.0 & FireWire 400 & Firewire 800 / (Build-in RAID 0) / 5400 RPM / 16MB 301089EK HDD 200 GB / 2"5 / USB 2.0 & FireWire 400 & Firewire 800 / (Build-in RAID 0) / 7200 RPM / 16MB 301092EK HDD 320 GB / 2"5 / USB 2.0 & FireWire 400 & Firewire 800 / (Build-in RAID 0) / 5400 RPM / 16MB LaCie Mobile Drive 301074 HDD 80 GB 2"5 USB 2.RPM Bus Powered 301178 HDD 120 GB 2"5 USB 2.RPM Bus Powered 301186E HDD 160 GB 2"5 USB 2.RPM Bus Powered LaCie Hard Drive Design by F.A. Porsche 300728E HDD 250 GB USB 2.RPM 8MB 300968E HDD 320 GB USB 2.RPM 8MB 301103E HDD 500 GB USB 2.RPM 8MB 300703EK 300971EK 301104EK HDD 250 GB / FireWire / 7200 RPM / 8MB HDD 320 GB / FireWire / 7200 RPM / 8MB HDD 500 GB / FireWire / 7200 RPM / 8MB

243,55 465,85 376,65

83,55 105,07 133,10
101,95 117,53 189,73 120,36 148,67 236,47
LaCie SAFE Hard Drive 301083EK HDD 160 GB / Biometric / USB 2.0 / 7200RPM / 8MB 301085EK HDD 320 GB / Biometric / USB 2.0 / 7200RPM / 8MB 301087EK HDD 500 GB / Biometric / USB 2.0 / 7200RPM / 8MB LaCie BRICK 301062EK 301150EK 301065EK

141,59 188,32 236,47

HDD 250 GB / USB 2.0 / 7200 RPM / 8MB / Red HDD 320 GB / USB 2.0 / 7200 RPM / 8MB / Blue HDD 500 GB / USB 2.0 / 7200 RPM / 8MB / Red

121,77 155,75 236,47

LaCie Mini Hard Drive (Designed for Apple Mac Mini) 301105EK HDD 160 GB / FireWire / 7200 RPM / 2MB 300998EK HDD 250 GB / FireWire / 7200 RPM / 8MB LaCie Mini HD Hub (Designed for Apple Mac Mini: Hard drive + Interface Hub) 301039EK HDD 250 GB / USB 2.0 & FireWire / 7200 RPM / 8MB (5 USB ports + 3 FireWire 400 ports) 301151EK HDD 320 GB / USB 2.0 & FireWire / 7200 RPM / 8MB (5 USB ports + 3 FireWire 400 ports) 301042EK HDD 500 GB / USB 2.0 & FireWire / 7200 RPM / 8MB (5 USB ports + 3 FireWire 400 ports) LaCie d2 Hard Drive 300790EK HDD 250 GB / USB 2.0 & FireWire 400 & 800 EXTREME / 7200 RPM / 8MB 301146EK HDD 320 GB / USB 2.0 & FireWire 400 & 800 EXTREME / 7200 RPM / 8MB 300793EK HDD 500 GB / USB 2.0 & FireWire 400 & 800 EXTREME / 7200 RPM / 8MB LaCie d2 eSATA II 3Gbits 300974EK HDD 250 GB / SATAII / 7200 RPM / 16MB 300988EK HDD 320 GB / SATAII / 7200 RPM / 16MB 300976EK HDD 500 GB / SATAII / 7200 RPM / 16MB Big Disk USB 300990EK 300966EK

114,69 134,51

155,75 188,32 254,87

161,42 188,32 263,36

140,18 162,83 222,30
HDD 600 GB / USB 2.0 / 7200 RPM / 8MB HDD 1 TB / USB 2.0 / 7200 RPM / 8MB

249,20 430,45

Big Disk Extreme With Triple Interface 300794EK HDD 500 GB / USB 2.0 & FireWire 400 & Firewire 800 EXTREME (Build-in RAID 0) / 7200 RPM / 16MB 301148EK HDD 640 GB / USB 2.0 & FireWire 400 & Firewire 800 EXTREME (Build-in RAID 0) / 7200 RPM / 16MB 300797EK HDD 1 TB / USB 2.0 & FireWire 400 & Firewire 800 EXTREME (Build-in RAID 0) / 7200 RPM / 16MB 301149EK HDD 1280 GB / USB 2.0 & FireWire 400 & 800 EXTREME (Build-in RAID 0) / 7200 RPM / 16MB 300801EK HDD 2 TB / USB 2.0 & FireWire 400 & 800 EXTREME (Build-in RAID 0) / 7200 RPM / 16MB IOMEGA 33233 33331

Design Techniques for High Performance CMOS Flash Analog-to-Digital Converters
Sunghyun (Sun) Park Qualcomm, Campbell, CA

Outline

Applications Flash ADC Comparator Offset calibration Measurement Summary Reference

Applications

Read Channel of Storage Systems

HDD (Samsung)

SoC (Marvell) 6 bit 1.8 GS/s ADC 5~7 bits, > 1 GS/s
HDD: [http://www.digit-life.com/articles2/storage/samsung-hd300ld.html] SoC: [http://www.marvell.com/products/storage/readchannel/index.jsp]
Wired Communication Systems
Multi-rate transponder Receiver micrograph > 200 km optical transmission (Intersymbol) (Kodeos)

4 bits, >1~20 GS/s

Transponder: [http://kodeos.com] Receiver: [Bae. ISSCC. 02/2006]
4 bit 12.5 GS/s ADC (SiGe)
Wireless Communication Systems
Wireless USB Evaluation board (Alereon)
4 bit 528 MS/s ADC inside
Wireless USB: [http://www.usb.org/developers/wusb] Evaluation board: [http://www.alereon.com]

Digital Oscilloscope

Digital Oscilloscope (Agilent) ADC micrograph (Agilent)
>6 bits, >1~20 GS/s

8 bit 20 GS/s ADC

(80 ADCs with 250 MS/s)
[http://www.agilent.com/labs/news/2003features/fea_adc03.html]

Flash ADC

Flash ADC: 3-bit Example
The fastest ADC architecture

Early 4 bit Flash ADC

[ADI data conversion handbook] [Nasa's deep space network: late 70]
ADC Micrograph: 4-bit Flash ADC
Active area: 0.88 mm2, TSMC CMOS 0.18 m S. Park, Y. Palaskas, M. Flynn (ISSCC 06, JSSC 10/07)
ADC Micrograph: 5-bit Flash ADC
Active area: 0.66 mm2, Intel CMOS 90nm S. Park, Y. Palaskas, A. Ravi, R. Bishiop, M. Flynn (CICC 06)

Comparator

Comparator Core
Current steering structure

Amplifier or Latch

Time constant is the key parameter for high speed.
Comparator Core: Inductor
Time constant can be a half with inductor.
Both amplifier/latch modes
Miniaturized inductor: as small as 20m by 20m
High Q not necessary: narrow width, multi-layered metals, parasitic R of L considered as a part of load R

Comparator Core: Cascode

Capacitance of input pairs not seen at output
Smaller time constant without hurting input gm
Buffer for Kickback noise
At the transition from latch mode to amplifier mode
Comparator Core: Sampling Clock
Sampling clock NOT rail-to-rail
Amplifier/Latch mode transition faster even with slower rise/fall time Could lead to power saving of clock buffer

Complete Comparator

Following latch/D-FF generate rail-to-rail digital output Latch can be cascaded for faster operation
Implemented in 4-bit ADC prototype

Offset Calibration

Bias Current Trimming
Calibration at ADC sampling rate
Corrects static & dynamic offsets

Comparator Redundancy

Redundancy with trimming
Wider offset cancellation than trimming alone Unselected comparators turned off after calibration
Reference Voltage Trimming

Measurement

ADC Architecture: 4-bit ADC

DNL & INL at 4 GS/s

SNDR (ENOB)

Performance Summary

0.18 m CMOS 1.8 V analog, 2.12.5 V digital Input range: 460 mV (LSB: 57.5 mV) Power at 3 GS/s, fin = 1.5 GHz: 551 mW
Analog: 78 mW 3.89 bits at 4 GS/s with 10 MHz input 3.47 bits at 3.4 GS/s with 800 MHz input
BER < 10-11 at 4 GS/s Input capacitance: 1.6 pF
ADC Architecture: 5-bit ADC

DNL & INL

90 nm CMOS 1.4 V analog and digital, 1.8 V clock buffer Input range: 320 mV (LSB: 20 mV) Power at 3.5 GS/s, fin = 1 GHz: 227 mW
Analog: 115 mW 4.28 bits at 4 GS/s with 5 MHz input 3.63 bits at 3.5 GS/s with 1 GHz input
Input capacitance: 540 fF
Comparison with Other ADCs: ENOB at Low fin

6bit ADCs 5bit ADC

4bit ADCs

This work

More detail referred to reference [3] Data for single ADC slice used for time-interleaved case
Comparison with Other ADCs: ENOB at High fin

6bit ADCs

Summary
Very high speed ADCs are widely used in many applications. Flash ADC provides fastest conversion rate due to its parallelism. Comparator is the key block for high speed operation. Presented enabling techniques
Miniaturized inductor for shorter time constant Cascode for shorter time constant & less kickback Non rail-to-rail sampling clock for faster operation for a given clock buffer power Cascaded latches Bias current trimming Comparator redundancy Reference voltage trimming
Two prototype flash ADCs are presented.
4-bit, 4GS/s ADC in 0.18m CMOS 5-bit, 3.5GS/s ADC in 90nm CMOS

Related Reference

1. Park & Palaskas, High speed comparator offset correction, U.S. Patent 7362246. 2. Park, Palaskas, & Flynn, A 4 GS/s 4 bit flash ADC in 0.18 m CMOS, IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits (JSSC), Sept. 2007. 3. Park, Design Techniques for High Performance CMOS Flash Analog-to-Digital Converters. Ph.D Thesis, 2006. University of Michigan Ann Arbor. 4. Park, Palaskas, Ravi, Bishop, & Flynn, A 3.5 GS/s 5 bit flash ADC in 90 nm CMOS, in IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conf. (CICC), Sept. 2006. 5. Park & Flynn, "A regenerative comparator structure with integrated inductors, IEEE T. on Circuits and Systems: I (TCAS-I), Aug. 2006. 6. Park, Palaskas, & Flynn, A 4 GS/s 4 bit flash ADC in 0.18 m CMOS, in IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC), Feb. 2006. 7. Park & Flynn, "Design techniques for high performance CMOS flash analog-todigital converters," in ECCTD, Aug. 2005. 8. Flynn, Park, & Lee, Achieving analog accuracy in nanometer CMOS, Int. J. of High Speed Electronics and Systems, June 2005.

Thank you for your attention.