INSTRUCTION MANUAL

DVW-7100

English

DVD VIDEO PLAYER & 4-HEAD VCR REPRODUCTOR DE DVD VIDEO Y VCR DE 4 CABEZALES

Espaol

Only cassettes marked
can be used with this DVD+VCR.
As an ENERGY STAR Partner, SANYO has determined that this product or product model meets the ENERGY STAR guidelines for energy efficiency.

SANYO'S HELP-LINE

Call the toll-free number below if you have any difficulties operating this product. 1-800-813-3435 (Weekdays: 7:30 AM - 4:00 PM Central Time)
Please read this manual carefully before connecting your DVD+VCR and operating it for the first time. Keep the manual in a safe place for future reference.
P/N: (8)3834RV0003Q (1E05/04)

Safety Precautions

CAUTION
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT OPEN
CAUTION: The apparatus should not be exposed to water (dripping or splashing) and no objects filled with liquids, such as vases, should be placed on the apparatus. FCC WARNING: This equipment may generate or use radio frequency energy. Changes or modifications to this equipment may cause harmful interference unless the modifications are expressly approved in the instruction manual. The user could lose the authority to operate this equipment if an unauthorized change or modification is made. REGULATORY INFORMATION: FCC Part 15 This product has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the product is operated in a residential installation. This product generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this product does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the product off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the product and receiver. Connect the product into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK) NO USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.
This lightning flash with arrowhead symbol within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated dangerous voltage within the products enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons. The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the product. WARNING: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPARATUS TO RAIN OR MOISTURE. CAUTION: TO PREVENT ELECTRIC SHOCK, MATCH WIDE BLADE OF PLUG TO WIDE SLOT, FULLY INSERT. ATTENTION: POUR VITER LES CHOC LECTRIQUES, INTRODUIRE LA LAME LA PLUS LARGE DE LA FICHE DANS LA BORNE CORRESPONDANTE DE LA PRISE ET POUSSER JUSQUAU FOND. WARNING: Do not install this equipment in a confined space such as a book case or similar unit. NOTE TO CATV SYSTEM INSTALLER: This reminder is provided to call the CATV system installer's attention to Section 820-40 of the NEC which provides guidelines for proper grounding and, in particular, specifies that the cable ground shall be connected to the grounding system of the building, as close to the point of cable entry as practical. CAUTION: This DVD+VCR employs a Laser System. To ensure proper use of this product, please read this owners manual carefully and retain for future reference should the unit require maintenance, contact an authorized service location. Use of controls, adjustments, or the performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure. To prevent direct exposure to laser beam, do not try to open the enclosure. Visible laser radiation when open. DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM.

Reference

Troubleshooting. 32-34 Video Head Cleaning. 34 Language Code List. 35 Country Code List. 36 Specifications. 37 Warranty. 38
About the symbols for instructions
Indicates hazards likely to cause harm to the unit itself or other material damage. Indicates special operating features of this unit. Indicates tips and hints for making the task easier.

Before Use

Title (DVD only) The main film content or accompanying feature content or music album. Each title is assigned a title reference number enabling you to locate it easily. Chapter (DVD only) Sections of a picture or a musical piece that are smaller than titles. A title is composed of one or several chapters. Each chapter is assigned a chapter number to enable you to locate the chapter you want. Depending on the disc, chapters may not be recorded. Track (audio CD only) Sections of a musical piece on an audio CD. Each track is assigned a track number, enabling you to locate the track you want.
DVD 3 inch/5 inch (8 cm/12 cm) disc Audio CD 3 inch/5 inch (8 cm/12 cm) disc In addition, this unit can play a CD-R or CD-RW that contains audio titles or MP3 files. otes Depending on the conditions of the recording equipment or the CD-R/RW disc itself, some CD-R/RW discs cannot be played on the unit. The unit cannot play discs that contain data other than MP3 and CD-DA data. Do not attach any seal or label to either side (the labeled side or the recorded side) of a disc. Do not use irregularly shaped CDs (e.g., heartshaped or octagonal). It may result in malfunctions. otes on DVDs Some playback operations of DVDs may be intentionally fixed by software manufacturers. As this unit plays DVDs according to disc content designed by the software manufacturer, some playback features of the unit may not be available or other functions may be added. Refer also to the instructions supplied with the DVDs. Some DVDs made for business purposes may not be played on the unit. Regional code of the DVD+VCR and DVDs This DVD+VCR is designed and manufactured for playback of region 1 encoded DVD software. The region code on the labels of some DVD discs indicates which type of DVD+VCR can play those discs. This unit can play only DVD discs labeled 1 or ALL. If you try to play any other discs, the message Check Regional Code will appear on the TV screen. Some DVD discs may not have a region code label even though their playback is prohibited by area limits.
Remote control battery installation
Detach the battery cover on the rear of the remote control, and insert two AAA batteries with the and ends aligned correctly.
Caution Do not mix old and new batteries. Never mix different types of batteries (standard, alkaline, etc.).
Remote Control Operation Range
Point the remote control at the remote sensor and press the buttons. Distance: About 23 ft (7 m) from the front of the remote sensor Angle: About 30 in each direction of the front from the remote sensor IMPORTANT NOTE: SPENT OR DISCHARGED BATTERIES MUST BE RECYCLED OR DISPOSED OF IN A SAFE MANNER IN COMPLIANCE WITH ALL APPLICABLE LAWS. FOR DETAILED INFORMATION, CONTACT YOUR LOCAL COUNTY SOLID WASTE AUTHORITY.

ote on DTS-encoded CDs When playing DTS-encoded CDs, excessive noise may be exhibited from the analog stereo output. To avoid possible damage to the audio system, turn down the volume before playing back such discs, adjust the volume gradually, and keep the volume level low. To enjoy DTS Digital SurroundTM playback, an external 5.1 channel Digital SurroundTM decoder system must be connected to the digital output of the unit.
Manufactured under license from Dolby Laboratories. Dolby, Pro Logic and the double-D symbol are trademarks of Dolby Laboratories. DTS and DTS Digital Out are trademarks of Digital Theater Systems, Inc.

Playable Discs

Disc-related terms

Before Use (Continued)

Precautions

Handling the unit

When shipping the unit The original shipping carton and packing materials come in handy. For maximum protection, re-pack the unit as it was originally packaged at the factory. When setting up the unit The picture and sound of a nearby TV, VCR, or radio may be distorted during playback. In this case, position the unit away from the TV, VCR, or radio, or turn off the unit after removing the disc. To keep the surface clean Do not use volatile liquids, such as insecticide spray, near the unit. Do not leave rubber or plastic products in contact with the unit for a long period of time. They will leave marks on the surface.

Cleaning discs

Fingerprints and dust on the disc can cause poor picture quality and sound distortion. Before playing, clean the disc with a clean cloth. Wipe the disc from the center out.
Do not use strong solvents such as alcohol, benzine, thinner, commercially available cleaners, or anti-static spray intended for older vinyl records.

About Symbols

About the symbol display

Cleaning the unit

To clean the cabinet Use a soft, dry cloth. If the surfaces are extremely dirty, use a soft cloth lightly moistened with a mild detergent solution. Do not use strong solvents such as alcohol, benzine, or thinner, as these might damage the surface of the unit. To obtain a clear picture The DVD+VCR is a high-tech, precision device. If the optical pick-up lens and disc drive parts are dirty or worn, the picture quality will be poor. Regular inspection and maintenance are recommended after every 1,000 hours of use. (This depends on the operating environment.) For details, please contact your nearest dealer.
may appear on the TV screen during operation. This icon means the function explained in this owners manual is not available on that specific DVD video disc.

About the disc symbols for instructions
A section whose title has one of the following symbols are applicable only to those discs represented by the symbol. DVD DVDs CD Audio CD MP3 MP3 Discs
Setting the Output Source
You must select one of your output sources (DVD or VCR) to view on the TV screen.
If you want to view output source of DVD deck: Press DVD on the remote control or DVD/VCR on the front panel until DVD indicator in the display window lights and output source of DVD deck is viewed on the TV screen. If you want to view output source of VCR deck: Press VCR on the remote control or DVD/VCR on the front panel until VCR indicator in the display window lights and output source of VCR deck is viewed on the TV screen.

Notes on Discs

Handling discs
Do not touch the playback side of the disc. Hold the disc by the edges so that fingerprints will not get on the surface. Do not stick paper or tape on the disc.
If you insert a disc while the DVD+VCR is in the VCR

Storing discs

After playing, store the disc in its case. Do not expose the disc to direct sunlight or sources of heat, or leave it in a parked car exposed to direct sunlight, as there may be a considerable heat build-up inside the car.
mode, the DVD+VCR will switch to DVD mode automatically. If you insert a cassette tape without an erasure prevention tab intact while the DVD+VCR is in the DVD mode, the DVD+VCR will switch to VCR mode automatically.

Front Panel

POWER Switches the DVD+VCR ON and OFF. DVD/VCR SELECT (output select) Select one of your output sources to view on the TV screen between DVD and VCR. Disc Tray (DVD deck) Insert a disc here. B PLAY (B) Starts playback of a disc or tape. Display window Shows the current status of the DVD+VCR. AV INPUT (VIDEO IN/AUDIO IN) Connect the audio/video output of an external source (Audio system, TV/Monitor, Another VCR). Cassette Compartment (VCR deck) Insert a video cassette here.
Remote Sensor Point the DVD+VCR remote control here.
VCR indicator Indicates the active VCR deck. DVD indicator Indicates the active DVD deck. Z OPEN/CLOSE (Z) Opens or closes the disc tray. X PAUSE/STILL(X) Pause playback temporarily/press repeatedly for Frame-by-Frame playback. x STOP (x) Stops playback of the disc or tape.

Title Number Chapter Number Time search Audio language and Digital Audio Output mode Subtitle language Angle Sound
Function (Use v/V to select desired item)
Shows the current title number and total number of titles, and skips to the desired title number. Shows the current chapter number and total number of chapters, and skips to the desired chapter number. Shows the elapsed playing time, and searches the point by the elapsed time directly. Shows the current audio soundtrack language, encoding method, and channel number, and changes the setting. Shows the current subtitles language, and changes the setting. Shows the current angle number and total number of angles, and changes the angle number. Shows the current sound mode, and changes the setting.

Selection Method

b / B, or Numbers, SELECT/ENTER ( ) b / B, or Numbers, SELECT/ENTER ( ) Numbers, SELECT/ENTER ( ) b / B, or AUDIO b / B, or SUBTITLE b / B, or ANGLE b/B

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1 ENG D 3/2.1 CH

Normal
Before Operation - DVD Part (Continued) Initial Settings
In this menu system, there are several ways to customize the settings provided. Most menus consist of three levels to set up the options, but some require greater depth for the variety of settings. If you press SETUP, only the first level of the menu system will appear on the TV screen. The second and third level can be displayed by pressing B. For navigating the menu levels, you will see B on the right side of the menu label to help you to go to the next level. To bring up and exit the Menu: Press the SETUP to bring up the menu. The second press of SETUP will take you back to initial screen. To go to the next level: Press B on the remote control.

Move Select

Disc Language (Audio, Subtitle, Menu) DVD
Select a language for the discs Audio, Subtitle, and Menu.
Original : The original language set for the disc is selected. Other : To select another language, press number buttons to enter the corresponding 4-digit number according to the language code list on page 35. If you enter the wrong language code, press CLEAR.

DISPLAY

TV Aspect Display Mode Progressive Scan 16 : 9 Widescreen Off
To go back to the previous level: Press b on the remote control.

TV Aspect DVD

4:3: Select when a standard 4:3 TV is connected. 16:9: Select when a 16:9 wide TV is connected.
Initial Settings General Operation
Press SETUP. The setup menu appears. The screen will show the current setting for the selected item.

Display Mode DVD

The Display Mode setting works only when the TV Aspect mode is set to 4:3. Letterbox: Displays theatrical images with masking bars above and below the picture. Panscan: Select when a conventional TV set is connected. The video material formatted in the Pan & Scan style is played back in that style (Both sides of the picture are cut off).

2 Use v/V to select the desired item. the desired item is 3 While to the second level.selected, press B to move 4 Use v/V to select the second desired item. 5 Press B to move to the third level. v/V to select the 6 Press SELECT/ENTER ( desired setting then press ) to confirm your selec7
tion. Some items require additional steps. Press SETUP to exit the setup menu.

Progressive Scan DVD

Progressive Scan Video provides the highest quality pictures with less flickering. If you are using the COMPONENT/PROGRESSIVE SCAN VIDEO OUT jacks, but are connecting the DVD+VCR to a standard (analog) television, set Progressive Scan to Off. If you are using the Component Video jacks for connection to a TV or monitor that is compatible with a progressive scan signal, set Progressive Scan to On. Caution Once the setting for progressive scan output is entered, the message appears. Use b/B button to select Enter and press SELECT/ENTER ( ) button. An image will be visible only on a progressive scan compatible TV or monitor. If you set Progressive Scan to ON in error, you must reset the DVD+VCR. First, remove the disc in the DVD+VCR. Next, press STOP (x) and hold it for five seconds before releasing it. The video output will be restored to the standard setting, and a picture will once again be visible on a conventional analog TV or monitor. Do not turn off this DVD+VCR while the "PROGRESSIVE SCAN MODE" message is displayed in the TV screen.

LANGUAGE

Menu Language Disc Audio Disc Subtitle Disc Menu English Original Off Original

Select

Menu Language
Select a language for the VCR and DVDs setup menu and information display.
Before Operation - DVD Part (Continued)
Each DVD disc has a variety of audio output options. Set the players Audio Output according to the type of audio system you use.
Dolby Digital DTS MPEG Sample Freq. DRC Vocal Bitstream Bitstream PCM 48 kHz On On
Dynamic Range Control (DRC)
The DVD format provides program soundtracks as accurately as possible, thanks to digital audio technology. However, you may wish to compress the dynamic range of the audio output (the difference between the loudest sounds and the quietest ones). This allows you to listen to a movie at a lower volume without losing clarity of sound. Set DRC to On for this effect.
Set Vocal to On only when a multi-channel karaoke DVD is playing. The karaoke channels on the disc will mix into normal stereo sound.

Dolby Digital

Bitstream: Select Bitstream if you connected the DVD Players DIGITAL OUT jack to a Dolby Digital decoder (or an amplifier or other equipment with a Dolby Digital decoder). PCM: Select when connected to a two-channel digital stereo amplifier. DVDs encoded in Dolby Digital will be automatically downmixed to two-channel PCM audio.

OTHERS

The Auto Play setting can be changed.

Select Password on the Setup menu. While Password is selected, press B. While New is selected, press SELECT/ENTER ( ). Enter a 4-digit password using the numbered buttons to create a personal 4-digit security password then press SELECT/ENTER ( ).
ip If you make a mistake before pressing SELECT/ENTER ( ), press CLEAR to delete the entered all-digit or press b to delete one by one and correct it.
Enter the 4-digit password again and press SELECT/ENTER ( ) to verify.
Changing the 4-digit password
1 Follow Steps 1-2 as shown above (Setting your password). 2 Enter the old password, then press SELECT/ENTER ( ). 3 Select Change using v/V buttons then press SELECT/ENTER ( ). 4 Enter the new 4-digit password, then press SELECT/ENTER ( ). 5 Enter the 4-digit password again and press SELECT/ENTER ( ) to verify.
Select Rating on the Setup menu. While Rating is selected, press B. When you have not entered a password: Enter a 4-digit password using the number buttons to create a personal 4-digit security password, then press SELECT/ENTER ( ). Enter the 4-digit password again and press SELECT/ENTER ( ) to verify. When you have already registered a password: Enter the 4-digit password using the number buttons to confirm the personal 4-digit security password, then press SELECT/ENTER ( ). If you make a mistake before pressing SELECT/ENTER ( ), press CLEAR and enter the 4-digit security password again. Select a rating from 1 to 8 using the v/V buttons. One (1) has the least playback restrictions. Eight (8) has the most playback restrictions. Unlock: If you select Unlock, Parental Control is not active. The disc will play in full. Ratings 1 to 8: Some discs contain scenes not suitable for children. If you set a rating for the player, all disc scenes with the same rating or lower will be played. Higher rated scenes will not be played unless an alternative scene is available on the disc. The alternative must have the same rating or the lower one. If no suitable alternative is found, playback will stop. You must enter the 4-digit password or change the rating level in order to play the disc. Press SELECT/ENTER ( ) to confirm your rating selection, then press SETUP to exit the menu.
If you forget your 4-digit password
If you forget your password, to clear the current password, follow the procedure below. 1 Press SETUP to display the setup menu. 2 Use the Number buttons to enter the 6-digit number 210499. 3 Enter a new code as shown above (Setting your password).

H Press PLAY (H) once. PLAY appears on the TV screen.
It is not necessary to select the tape speed for playback. It will be automatically selected by the DVD+VCR. During playback, the TV/VCR selector switches to VCR mode automatically.
If the tape reaches the end before STOP (x) is pressed, the DVD+VCR will automatically stop, rewind, eject, and will turn itself off (Only when no disc).

Slow Motion

1 During the still mode, press FORWARD (>). The tape will be played back at a speed 1/19 times slower than the normal speed.
During slow playback, use CH/TRK (v/V) on the Remote Control to minimize noise bands. If slow motion mode continues for more than 3 minutes, the DVD+VCR will automatically change to playback mode.

Tracking Control

Auto Tracking The automatic tracking function adjusts the picture to remove snow or streaks. The AUTO TRACKING function works in the following cases:
A tape is played back for the first time. Tape speed (SP, LP, SLP) changes. Streaks or snow appear because of scratches on the tape.
Ad JUMP (Advertisement Jump)
This is useful for skipping commercials or short program segments. 1 Press Ad JUMP during the playback mode. The tape will be fast forward picture search through 30 seconds of recording.
The skipping time can be extended by pressing Ad JUMP. Subsequent presses result in advancing the fast forward picture search time by 30-second increments (maximum 3 minutes).
Manual Tracking If noise appears on the screen during playback, press vV either CH/TRK (v/V) on the remote control or vV CHANNEL (v/V) on the front panel until the noise on the screen is reduced.
In case of vertical tremble, adjust these controls very carefully. Tracking is automatically reset to normal when the tape is ejected or the power cord is unplugged for more than 3 seconds.

Special Effect Playbacks

ote on special effects playbacks.
Horizontal lines (noise bars) will appear on the TV screen. This is normal. The audio is automatically muted during special effect modes, so there is no sound during search. During the high-speed picture search modes, a short period is needed to stabilize tape speed when re-entering the PLAY mode. Slight interference may be observed during this period.
2 When the search is completed, the DVD+VCR will go into playback mode automatically. ote This unit can play back videotape recorded in stereo, but the playback sound turns to be monaural.

To record one TV program while watching another
1 Press TV/VCR to select the TV mode during recording.
The TV indicator appears.
2 Using the TV, select the channel to be viewed. ips
Always use PAUSE/STEP (X) for the best results when making changes during recording. For example: To change channels during recording, first press PAUSE/STEP (X) to put the unit in pause mode. Then select the desired channel on the DVD+VCR, and press PAUSE/STEP (X) again to resume recording.
B 4 Use b/B to choose the PROGRAM No. (1-8). to choose the MONTH option. 5 Use V/B to choose the desired month. Use b B to choose the DAY option. 6 Use V/B to choose the desired day. Use b B to choose the START option. 7 Use V/B to choose the desired start time. Use b B to choose the STOP option. 8 Use V/B to choose the desired stop time. Use b B to choose the CHANNEL option. 9 Use V/B to choose the desired channel Use b B (Channel, LINE1 or LINE2).
Cable Users: If you have CABLE TV and used Cable Box in Connecting Antenna/Cable TV to DVD+VCR (page 11), using a cable box converter, you must set the channel in this step to match the cable box output channel (usually CH 3 or 4). Change channels on the cable box instead of channels on the DVD+VCR.
Operation with tape (Continued)
Use V to choose the SPEED option. B Use b/B to choose the desired recording speed (AUTO, SP or SLP).
AUTO mode determines how long tape is left and switches speed from SP to SLP, if necessary, to complete recording the program. There will be some picture and sound distortion at the point of the speed change.
Checking (Erasing) the Timer Program
Programming can be checked whenever the DVD+VCR is turned on. 1 Press MENU and the MAIN menu will appear. 2 Use v/V to choose the PROGRAM menu. Press SELECT/ENTER ( ) and the PROGRAM menu will appear.
Use V to choose the REPEAT option. B Use b/B to choose the desired repeat (ONCE, WEEKLY or DAILY).
ONCE event.for recording up to 8 programs on a single day or over the days within a period of 1 year. WEEKLY event.for recording up to 8 programs on a certain day of every week. DAILY event.for recording up to 8 programs at the same time(s) from Monday through Friday.
3 Use b/B to select a program you want to check or erase. If you want to erase the program, press CLEAR. 4 Press MENU to return to the TV screen.

4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 to erase additional Marker numbers. 5 To remove the MARKER SEARCH menu, press SEARCH.

Screen Saver

The screen saver picture appears when you leave the DVD+VCR in stop mode for about five minutes.
This unit can produce a 3D Surround effect, which simulates multi-channel audio playback from two conventional stereo speakers, instead of the five or more speakers normally required to listen to multichannel audio from a home theater system.
You can start playback from a memorized point. Up to nine points can be memorized. To enter a mark, follow these steps.
Operation with DVD (Continued) Special DVD Features
Checking the contents of DVD Video discs: Menus
DVDs may contain menus that allow you to access special features. To use the disc menu, press DISC MENU. Then, press the appropriate number button to select an option. Or, use b/B/v/V buttons to highlight your selection, then press SELECT/ENTER ( ).

Title Menu

1 Press TITLE.
If the current title has a menu, the menu will appear on the screen. Otherwise, the disc menu may appear.
2 The menu can list camera angles, spoken language and subtitle options, and chapters for the title. 3 To remove the title menu, press TITLE.

Disc Menu

1 Press DISC MENU.
The disc menu is displayed.
2 To remove the disc menu, press DISC MENU again.

Camera Angle

If the disc contains scenes recorded at different camera angles, you can change to a different camera angle during playback. Press ANGLE repeatedly during playback to select a desired angle.
The number of the current angle appears on the TV screen.
Changing the Audio Language
Press AUDIO repeatedly during playback to hear a different audio language or audio track.

Subtitle

Press SUBTITLE repeatedly during playback to see the different subtitle languages. ote appears, the feature is not available on the disc.
Operation with Audio CD and MP3 Discs Playing an Audio CD and MP3 Discs

CD MP3

Notes on MP3 Recordings

About MP3

An MP3 file is audio data compressed by using the MPEG1 audio layer-3 file-coding scheme. We call files that have the.mp3 file extension MP3 files. The player cannot read an MP3 file that has a file extension other than.mp3. Some discs may be incompatible due to different recording formats or the condition of the disc.
The DVD+VCR can play an audio CD. Also, the DVD+VCR can play MP3 formatted recordings on CD-ROM, CD-R or CD-RW discs. Before playing MP3 recordings, read the notes on MP3 Recordings on the right side of this page.

Insert a disc and close the tray. Audio CD; Audio CD menu appears on the TV screen. Go to step 3. MP3 disc; The MP3 menu appears on the TV screen. Go to step 2

00:52:44

MP3 Disc compatibility with this player is limited as follows:
1. 2. 3. 4. Sampling Frequency / only at 8 - 48 kHz. Bit rate / within 32 - 320kbps. CD-R physical format should be ISO 9660. If you record MP3 files using the software which cannot create a FILE SYSTEM, for example DirectCD etc., it is impossible to playback MP3 files. We recommend that you use Easy-CD Creator, which creates an ISO9660 file system. A single session disc requires MP3 files in the first track. If there is no MP3 file in the 1st track, it cannot play back MP3 files. If you wish to playback MP3 files, format all the data in the disc or use a new one. File names should be named using 8 letters or less and must incorporate.mp3 extension e.g. ********.MP3. Do not use special letters such as / : * ? < > etc. Total number of files and folders on the disc should be less than 999.

00:00:00

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Audio CD

TRACK 1 TRACK 2 TRACK 3 TRACK 4 TRACK 5 TRACK 6 TRACK 7 TRACK 8 Add Add All Delete Delete All

Program

Music Folder 1 Music Folder 2 Music Folder 3 Music Folder 4 Music Folder 5 Music Folder 6 Music Folder 7 Music Folder 8
Add Add All Delete Delete All
5. Audio CD Menu MP3 Menu
A list of files in the folder appears.
v/V 3 Press (H) to select a track then press PLAY or SELECT/ENTER ( ).
Playback starts. During playback, the current tracks elapsed playing time will appear on the display window and menu. Playback will stop at the end of the disc. ips
Press and hold V to move to the next page. Press and hold v to move to the previous page. If you are in a file list on the MP3 menu and want to return to the Folder list, use the v/V to highlight and press SELECT/ENTER ( ).
This DVD+VCR requires discs/recordings to meet certain technical standards in order to achieve optimal playback quality. Pre-recorded DVDs are automatically set to these standards. There are many different types of recordable disc formats (including CD-R containing MP3 files). That requires certain pre-existing conditions (see above) to insure compatible playback. Customers should also note that permission must be required in order to download MP3 files and music from the Internet. Our company has no right to grant such permission. Permission should always be sought from the copyright owner.

4 To stop playback at any other time, x press STOP (x).
2 Press v/V to select).a folder then press SELECT/ENTER (
Operation with Audio CD and MP3 Discs (Continued)

Random

1 Press PAUSE/STEP (X) during playback. 2 To return to playback, press PLAY or press PAUSE/STEP (X) again.
1 Press RANDOM during playback or when playback is stopped. The unit automatically begins Random Playback and Random appears on the menu screen.

Moving to another Track

Press BACKWARD (.) or FORWARD (>) briefly during playback to go to the next track or to return to the beginning of the current track. Press BACKWARD (.) twice briefly to step back to the previous track. To go directly to any track, enter the track number using the numbered buttons (0-9) during playback.
2 To return to normal playback, press RANDOM repeatedly until Random disappears on the menu screen.
Repeat icon and A appears on the menu screen.
2 Press A-B again at your chosen end point.
The Repeat icon and A - B appears on the menu screen, and the repeat sequence begins.

Repeat Track/All/Off

1 To repeat the track currently playing, press REPEAT.
The Repeat icon and TRACK appears on the menu screen.
3 To exit the sequence and return to normal play, press A-B again.
2 To repeat all tracks on a disc, press REPEAT a second time.
The Repeat icon and ALL appears on the menu screen.
3 To cancel Repeat mode, press REPEAT a third time.
The player will now go into SEARCH mode.
2 Press and hold BACKWARD (.) or FORWARD (>) repeatedly to select the required speed: mX2, mX4, mX8 (backward) or MX2, MX4, MX8 (forward).
Search speed and direction are indicated on the menu screen.
3 To exit SEARCH mode, press PLAY(H). ote The DVD+VCR mutes sound during search mode of MP3 files.

Programmed Playback

Programmed Playback with Audio CD and MP3 Discs
The Program function enables you to store your favorite tracks from any disc in the player memory. Program can contain 99 tracks (Audio CD) or 300 tracks (MP3).

Repeat Programmed Tracks

To repeat the track currently playing, press REPEAT.
The Repeat icon and TRACK appears on the screen.
To repeat all tracks on the program list, press REPEAT a second time.
The Repeat icon and ALL appears on the screen.
To cancel Repeat mode, press REPEAT a third time.
1 Insert an Audio CD or MP3 disc. 2 Press v / V / b / B to select a track on the List. PROGRAM. Or, press v 3 Pressthe Add icon then press/ V / b / B to highlight SELECT/ENTER
Audio CD or MP3 menu will appear.

Rhaeto-Romance 8277 Romanian Russian Samoan Sanskrit Scots Gaelic Serbian Serbo-Croatian Shona Sindhi 8368

Country Code List

Enter the appropriate code number for the initial setting Country Code (See page 20).
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Part-time employment

CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY Introduction This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between part-time employment and school engagement; academic achievement; academic behaviors; family and peers. This chapter presents the methods used to answer the research questions adopted to explore the concepts presented, and test the hypotheses suggested in Chapter One. The chapter provides an explanation of the sampling, instrumentation data collection procedures, scale development, measures, and a description of the analysis procedures. Research Design The study was conducted using quantitative research methods. Quantitative research is essential for providing statistical descriptions, relationships, and explanations (McMillan & Schumacher, 2001). Quantit ative methods provide numerical data for examining relationships and differences among variables. It is also invaluable for testing and validating already constructed theories about how and why phenomena occur. In addition, large numbers can be analyzed and the analysis is independent of the researcher. Instrumentation and Sampling Survey Instrument The Work, School, and Social Experiences of High School Students Survey (WSSES) (Appendix B) was compiled and adapted for the study and provided the self-reported quantitative data from high school students. The consideration to conduct a survey always poses the question, The pencil or the mo use (Mertler & Earley, 2003)? Web-surveys are extremely popular and
provide many advantages for data collection over paper-pencil surveys. These include cost effectiveness, speed of data collection, easy transfer of data to analysis software, accessibility for convenient samples, and sometimes higher response rates (Matz, 1999; Mertler, 2003). Nevertheless a paper and pencil survey format was selected primarily because high school students must be provided with easy access to a survey, flexibility for completion, easy navigation, and minimum risks to technological malfunctions, in order to provide valid responses. Studies ha ve also concluded that there are no significant differences between the pattern of responses and the psychometric qualities of web surveys and identical paper-pencil surveys (Matz, 1999; Saphore, 1999). In fact, overall response rates for paper and pencil surveys (43%) were reported to be higher than web surveys (33%) (Matz, 1999; Mertler & Earley, 2003). Items in this high school survey focused on demographics, work behavior, academic experiences, work experiences, and relationships with family and peers. Items were adapted from the School Relationships and Experiences Survey (SRES, Dika & Singh, 2002), the Emotional Autonomy Scale (EAS) constructed by Steinberg and Silverberg (1986), the COPE test (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989), and the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS: 1988). The planning, construction, and editing of the survey took approximately six months before the pilot stage. Results of the pilot study are reported below. Population and Sample The sample frame was N=4,218 high school students from southwest Virginia in grades 9 through 12 and the sample of 1402 students was obtained through purposeful sampling. The non-probability (non-random selection) sample was taken from three high schools in three school divisions of southwest Virginia: Franklin County, Martinsville City, and Salem City. The
principals of the three high schools expressed that they were willing to participate in the survey, and were representative of rural, suburban, and urban high schools with large populations of high school students. The initial contact was made through requests to the school superintendents of each school division via the Chair of the Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies at Virginia Tech. Final negotiations were made through the program chair of Educational Research and Policy Studies. School and community profiles are discussed in Chapter 1 and presented in Appendix A. School location and ethnicity were also factors in the selection of schools. One school was selected based on its large minority population (42.5%). The other two schools are predominantly White (86% and 89% respectively) which is similar to the percentage recorded by the state of Virginia (72.3% White; US Census Bureau, 2003). Previous studies on part-time employment have used predominantly White samples. This study used a larger sample of minority students which facilitated the examination of the relationship between part-time work and ethnicity. Procedures Pilot Studies Through snowball sampling (Bogdan & Biklen, 1992) the survey was piloted at two high schools in Southwest Virginia. A pilot study is important for pre-testing a research instrument because it can indicate if there are ambiguous items which need to be changed or removed, whether the sampling frame and technique are effective, and an estimated time for completing the survey (Baker, 1994; Peat et al., 2002).

The first pilot study was conducted during the week of March 13-18, 2005 with students (n=20) in grades 9 to 12 at the Blacksburg High School, in Blacksburg, Virginia. There was 100% response rate but 33% of the students had not been employed outside of the home. The survey questions were reviewed to improve clarity, readability, interpretability, and navigation. Wording and order of questio ns were addressed to clear up misconceptions, ambiguities, and replications. For example, some students response to question 16 (use of free time) indicated that they would participate in all of the activities listed if they were not employed. These optio ns were changed to indicate frequency of activities. Some items in questions 18 and 19 were repetitious and were removed and the remaining items were combined to form a new question 17 which replaced earlier question 18 and 19. Some questions were inadequa te and were removed or replaced. The second pilot study was conducted during the week of April 4-8, 2005 at Salem High School in Salem, Virginia. All surveys (N=1,407) which were handed out were returned. On this occasion, item response and completion time for surveys were monitored. The survey was estimated to take a maximum of thirty minutes for students who were not in remedial reading. This time included time for instructions to be read by teachers. Final adjustments were made and the survey was prepared for administration. At the beginning of March, 2005, with the help of the Department Chair and the committee advisor, three superintendents were contacted and letters were sent (Appendix F) to request permission to collect data in three school divisions: Franklin County, Martinsville City, and Salem City. Copies of the survey were sent to the superintendents and three weeks later permission was granted by the three superintendents to approach the respective principals with
requests to conduct the research. By May 20, 2005, letters were sent to the principals of Franklin County High School, Martinsville High School, and Salem High School. Immediately following this, meetings were arranged with principals to discuss the nature of the research, the sample of students to be used, and to finalize dates for administering the survey. A package was created for each school and contained a hard copy of the survey, written information to the principal (Appendix G) on the general nature of the survey, letters of consent to be sent to parents, and assent forms for students (Appendices D & E). A copy of the survey was also sent electronically to each principal for prior approval. The principals requested that a copy of the survey be sent for examination by officials of the Department of Education and/or the school board in each district. The researcher then negotiated by telephone, the dates for administering the survey. She subsequently organized a team of five Ph.D. students from Virginia Tech to administer and collect the surveys at each school on the dates that had been scheduled by each principal. However, by the end of May, the researcher was informed that the Standard of Learning examinations (SOLs) were scheduled to begin and the data collection process would have to be postponed to the Fall semester. In July, 2005 new negotiations started with the high school principals for new dates to administer the survey in September, 2005. After visits to the schools and several phone conversations, final dates for survey administration were determined on August, 18th and 19th, 2005. Because of distance, time constraints, and the need to minimize costs and school interruptions; instructions had to be revised to have the surveys administered by the classroom teachers in two schools instead of by the planned research team. Letters to teachers (Appendix G) indicated that the work experiences of students must be based on semester hours worked and

not on work done during the summer months as well as the need for full responses to all relevant sections of the survey. Following instructions from the two principals, surveys, consent and assent forms, and instruction sheets were packaged in envelopes and boxed according to the daily schedule of classes (N=800) and delivered to Martinsville High School on August 23, 2005; and Franklin County High School (N=350)on September 16, 2005. The principal of Franklin County High School selected 250 students from grades 11 and 12 since many of these students were known to have been employed. The Principal of Martinsville High School promised to survey all students who attended school on the day the survey was administered. Principals were given guidelines against possible duplication of student responses. Students from these two schools completed the surveys in their regular classes under the supervision of their class teachers. Completed surveys were returned to the envelopes and unused surveys were returned to the box. The final set of surveys were packaged in envelopes containing 25 surveys each and taken to Salem High School (N = 700) on September 20, 2005. The researcher and a peer graduate student assisted the staff of the Department of English in administering the surveys to all students who came through the Department of English on that day. The completed surveys were returned to the envelopes and those that were unused were placed in the box. Each school was presented with a gift of a Sanyo DVW-7100 DVD/VCR Combo and a thank you card for participation in the survey. All surveys were collected on or before September 20, 2005.

Survey Responses

The surveys were administered to students in classes which were selected by the principals. The principals and the researcher agreed that the survey will be administered to the students who were present on that day in the selected classes. Franklin County High school was in the process of conducting a total of four surveys and the principal agreed to make available 12 to 15% of the approximately1100 students in grades 11 and 12. The total number of students registered at the school was 2200. The teachers administered 262 of the 350 surveys that were delivered. There were 260 usable surveys since two surveys had to be discarded because of extensive missing data. Martinsville High School offered surveys to 80 to 100% of students. The teachers administered 547 of the 800 surveys that were delivered. Salem High School completed 598 of the 700 which were delivered to them. Hence a total of 1402 usable surveys were returned. Generalizability of the Study Sample selection is invaluable to the validity and reliability of a study. Random samples provide the best representation of the population. However, in the absence of randomization, the sample must be information rich to provide answers to the research questions and directly related to the variables being studied (Patton, 2001). Although the sample in this study cannot be representative of high schools throughout the nation, it is representative of a typical group of high school students in grades 9 to 12. The school profiles described in Chapter 1 show that the sample does not include large groups of gifted students, special needs students, or affluent students.

Analysis Procedures

A data template was created using Remark Office OMR 5.5 software and the template was transferred to SPSS 14.0 where the data was entered and initial analysis conducted. Some negative variables were reverse recoded to facilitate data analysis. GPA current and GPA expected (Q. 6. What best describes your GPA?) were reverse coded from 1 = A (3.75 4.00) to 6 = C- or less (below 1.75) into 6 = A (3.75 -4.00) to 1 = C- or less (below 1.75). Grades current and grades last semester (Qs. 19 & 20.What best describes the grades you expect to get this year?) were reverse coded from 1 = mostly As to 5 = mostly below D, into 5 = mostly As to 1 = mostly below Ds. The variables fathers occupation and mothers occupation (Q. 8.) Which of the categories below comes closest to describing the current job of your father, stepfather, or male guardian; and your mother, stepmother, or female guardian?) were recoded based on Duncans Total Socioeconomic Indicator ratings (Stevens & Cho, 1985). The recoded values range from 16 = Professional such as minister, dentist, doctor, and lawyer to 1 = full-time homemaker. A parental occupation score was created using the mean of mothers and fathers occupation. A parental education score was also created using the mean of mothers education and fathers education (Q. 7. - How far in school did your parents go?). The variable work intensity (Q. 10. How many hours do/did you work each week on your current or most recent job?) was recoded to four levels of work intensity: 1 = low intensity (1 -10 hours); 2 = moderate intensity (11- 20 hours), 3 = high intensity (hours), 4 = very high intensity (over 30 hours). Finally, a composite score socioeconomic status (SES) was created by summing parents education and parents occupation.
Descriptives, frequencies, and crosstabulations were conducted to determine demo graphic profiles (age, gender, ethnicity, program and grade) and to determine the current nature of high school student employment (Question 1). Independent samples t-tests and ANOVA tests were conducted to observe race, and gender differences among students in the sample who had never worked, and those who have worked during the school year. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship of part-time employment to school related factors, parental relationship and peer relationships. Summary This chapter presented the research sample and methodology for conducting the proposed study and the intended analyses for answering the research questions and testing the hypotheses. Results of the data analyses are presented in Chapter IV with discussion and implications of the study for future research in Chapter V. The time line for the study is displayed in Table 4 of the Appendix.