ENGLISH SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

EL-506W EL-546W

OPERATION MANUAL
PRINTED IN CHINA / IMPRIM EN CHINE / IMPRESO EN CHINA 04CGK (TINSE0719EHZZ)

INTRODUCTION

Thank you for purchasing the SHARP Scientific Calculator Model EL-506W/546W. About the calculation examples (including some formulas and tables), refer to the reverse side of this English manual. Refer to the number on the right of each title in the manual for use. After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference. Note: Some of the models described in this manual may not be available in some countries.
ALPHA : Appears when K (STAT VAR), O or R is pressed. FIX/SCI/ENG: Indicates the notation used to display a value. DEG/RAD/GRAD: Indicates angular units. : Appears when matrix mode is selected. : Appears when list mode is selected. : Appears when statistics mode is selected. M : Indicates that a value is stored in the independent memory. ? : Indicates that the calculator is waiting for a numerical value to be entered, such as during simulation calculation. : Appears when the calculator shows an angle as the result in the complex calculation mode. i : Indicates an imaginary number is being displayed in the complex calculation mode.
(2sin30, etc.) I nCr, nPr O , P +, { AND } OR, XOR, XNOR q =, M+, M, M, |DEG, |RAD, |GRAD, DATA, CD, r, xy and other calculation ending instructions If parentheses are used, parenthesized calculations have precedence over any other calculations.
INITIAL SET UP Mode Selection
m0: Normal mode (NORMAL) m1: Statistic mode (STAT) m2: Equation mode (EQN) m3: Complex number mode (CPLX) m4: Matrix mode (MAT) m5: List mode (LIST)
the integral values during minute shifting of the integral range and for periodic y functions, etc., where positive and negative integral values exist depending on y x0 x2 the interval. b For the former case, divide a x x a b x x integral intervals as small x1 x3 x x as possible. For the latter case, separate the positive and negative values. Following these tips will allow results of calculations with greater accuracy and will also shorten the calculation time.

A , B , C , D , E , F

In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, fractional parts cannot be entered. When a decimal number having a fractional part is converted into a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal number, the fractional part will be truncated. Likewise, when the result of a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal calculation includes a fractional part, the fractional part will be truncated. In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, negative numbers are displayed as a complement.
Time, Decimal and Sexagesimal Calculations
Conversion between decimal and sexagesimal numbers can be performed, and, while using sexagesimal numbers, conversion to seconds and minutes notation. The four basic arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using the sexagesimal system. Notation for sexagesimal is as follows:

Random Function

The Random function has four settings for use in the normal, statistics, matrix and list modes. (This function cannot be selected while using the N-Base function.) To generate further random numbers in succession, press. Press to exit. The generated pseudo-random number series is stored in memory Y. Each random number is based on a number series. [Random Numbers] A pseudo-random number, with three significant digits from 0 up to 0.999, can be generated by pressing @`0. [Random Dice] To simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be generated by pressing @`1. [Random Coin] To simulate a coin flip, 0 (head) or 1 (tail) can be randomly generated by pressing @`2. [Random Integer] An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by pressing @`3.
BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR Key Notation Used in this Manual
In this manual, key operations are described as follows: To specify ex : @e To specify ln : I To specify F : K Functions that are printed in orange above the key require @ to be pressed first before the key. When you specify the memory, press K first. Numbers for input value are not shown as keys, but as ordinary numbers.

SET UP menu

Power On and Off

Press to turn the calculator on, and @F to turn it off.

Rectangular coord.

Polar coord.
Clearing the Entry and Memories
Operation @c Mode selection @00*5 @10*6 RESET switch : Clear Entry M A-F, X,Y STAT*1 (Display) F1-F4 ANS STAT VAR*2 matA-D*3 L1-4*4
The calculation result is automatically stored in memories X and Y. Value of r or x: X memory Value of or y: Y memory
Calculations Using Physical Constants
See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side. A constant is recalled by pressing followed by the number of the physical constant designated by a 2-digit number. The recalled constant appears in the display mode selected with the designated number of decimal places. Physical constants can be recalled in the normal mode (when not set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), statistics mode, equation mode, matrix mode and list mode. Note: Physical constants and metric conversions are based either on the 2002 CODATA recommended values or 1995 Edition of the Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) released by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) or on ISO specifications.
No. 27 Constant Speed of light in vacuum Newtonian constant of gravitation Standard acceleration of gravity Electron mass Proton mass Neutron mass Muon mass Atomic mass unit-kilogram relationship Elementary charge Planck constant Boltzmann constant Magnetic constant Electric constant Classical electron radius Fine-structure constant Bohr radius Rydberg constant Magnetic flux quantum Bohr magneton Electron magnetic moment Nuclear magneton Proton magnetic moment Neutron magnetic moment Muon magnetic moment Compton wavelength Proton Compton wavelength Stefan-Boltzmann constant No. Constant 28 Avogadro constant 29 Molar volume of ideal gas (273.15 K, 101.325 kPa) 30 Molar gas constant 31 Faraday constant 32 Von Klitzing constant 33 Electron charge to mass quotient 34 Quantum of circulation 35 Proton gyromagnetic ratio 36 Josephson constant 37 Electron volt 38 Celsius Temperature 39 Astronomical unit 40 Parsec 41 Molar mass of carbon-Planck constant over 2 pi 43 Hartree energy 44 Conductance quantum 45 Inverse fine-structure constant 46 Proton-electron mass ratio 47 Molar mass constant 48 Neutron Compton wavelength 49 First radiation constant 50 Second radiation constant 51 Characteristic impedance of vacuum 52 Standard atmosphere

Angular Unit Conversions

Each time @g are pressed, the angular unit changes in sequence.

Memory Calculations

Mode NORMAL STAT EQN CPLX MAT LIST ANS M, F1-F4 A-F, X,Y

NOTICE

SHARP strongly recommends that separate permanent written records be kept of all important data. Data may be lost or altered in virtually any electronic memory product under certain circumstances. Therefore, SHARP assumes no responsibility for data lost or otherwise rendered unusable whether as a result of improper use, repairs, defects, battery replacement, use after the specified battery life has expired, or any other cause. SHARP will not be liable nor responsible for any incidental or consequential economic or property damage caused by misuse and/or malfunctions of this product and its peripherals, unless such liability is acknowledged by law. o Press the RESET switch (on the back), with the tip of a ballpoint pen or similar object, only in the following cases. Do not use an object with a breakable or sharp tip. Note that pressing the RESET switch erases all data stored in memory. When using for the first time After replacing the batteries To clear all memory contents When an abnormal condition occurs and all keys are inoperative. If service should be required on this calculator, use only a SHARP servicing dealer, SHARP approved service facility, or SHARP repair service where available.
: Retain *1 Statistical data (entered data). y *2 x, sx, x, n, x, x 2, , sy, y, y, y 2, xy, r, a, b, c. *3 Matrix memories (matA, matB, matC and matD) *4 List memories (L1, L2, L3 and L4) *5 All variables are cleared. *6 This key combination functions the same as the RESET switch. [Memory clear key] MEM RESET Press @ to display the menu. To clear all variables (M, A-F, X, Y, ANS, F1-F4, STAT VAR, matA-D, L1-4), press 00 or 0. To RESET the calculator, press 10 or 1. The RESET operation will erase all data stored in memory, and restore the calculators default setting.

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS

Press m0 to select the normal mode. In each example, press to clear the display. If the FIX, SCI, or ENG indicator is displayed, clear the indicator by selecting NORM1 from the SET UP menu.

Arithmetic Operations

The closing parenthesis ) just before = or ; may be omitted.
Entering and Correcting the Equation
[Cursor keys] Press < or > to move the cursor. You can also return to the equation after getting an answer by pressing > (<). See the next section for using the [ and ] keys. See SET UP menu for cursor use in the SET UP menu. [Insert mode and Overwrite mode in the Equation display] Pressing @ switches between the two editing modes: insert mode (default); and overwrite mode. A triangular cursor indicates that an entry will be inserted at the cursor, while the rectangular cursor indicates to overwrite preexisting data as you make entries. To insert a number in the insert mode, move the cursor to the place immediately after where you wish to insert, then make a desired entry. In the overwrite mode, data under the cursor will be overwritten by the number you enter. The mode set will be retained until the next RESET operation. [Deletion key] To delete a number/function, move the cursor to the number/ function you wish to delete, then press d. If the cursor is located at the right end of an equation, the d key will function as a back space key.

Constant Calculations

In constant calculations, the addend becomes a constant. Subtraction and division are performed in the same manner. For multiplication, the multiplicand becomes a constant. In the constants calculations, constants will be displayed as K.

Functions

Refer to the calculation examples of each function. Before starting calculations, specify the angular unit.
Differential/Integral Functions
Differential and integral calculations are only available in the normal mode. For calculation conditions such as the x value in differential calculation or the initial point in integral calculation, only numerical values can be entered and equations such as 22 cannot be specified. It is possible to reuse the same equation over and over again and to recalculate by only changing the conditions without re-entering the equation. Performing a calculation will clear the value in the X memory. When performing a differential calculation, enter the formula first and then enter the x value in differential calculation and the minute interval (dx). If a numerical value is not specified for minute interval, x0 will be x105 and x=0 will be 105 from the value of the numeric derivative. When performing an integral calculation, enter the formula first and then enter a range of integral (a, b) and subintervals (n). If a numerical value is not specified for subintervals, calculation will be performed using n=100. Since differential and integral calculations are performed based on the following equations, correct results may not be obtained, in certain rare cases, when performing special calculations that contain discontinuous points. Integral calculation (Simpsons rule): ba 1 S=h{(a)+4{(a+h)+(a+3h)++(a+(N1)h)} h= N 3 N=2n +2{(a+2h)+(a+4h)++(a+(N2)h)}+f(b)} a xb dx dx f(x+ )f(x ) Differential calculation: f(x)= dx [When performing integral calculations] Integral calculations, depending on the integrands and subintervals included, require longer calculation time. During calculation, Calculating! will be displayed. To cancel calculation, press. Note that there will be greater integral errors when there are large fluctuations in

Hard Case

: Available : Unavailable [Temporary memories (A-F, X and Y)] Press O and a variable key to store a value in memory. Press R and a variable key to recall a value from the memory. To place a variable in an equation, press K and a variable key. [Independent memory (M)] In addition to all the features of temporary memories, a value can be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value. Press OM to clear the independent memory (M). [Last answer memory (ANS)] The calculation result obtained by pressing = or any other calculation ending instruction is automatically stored in the last answer memory. A Matrix/List format result is not stored. [Formula memories (F1-F4)] Formulas up to 256 characters in total can be stored in F1 - F4. (Functions such as sin, etc., will be counted as one letter.) Storing a new equation in each memory will automatically replace the existing equation. Note: Calculation results from the functions indicated below are automatically stored in memories X or Y replacing existing values. Random function.. Y memory r, xy. X memory (r or x), Y memory ( or y) Use of R or K will recall the value stored in memory using up to 14 digits.

Chain Calculations

The previous calculation result can be used in the subsequent calculation. However, it cannot be recalled after entering multiple instructions or when the calculation result is in Matrix/List format. When using postfix functions ( , sin, etc.), a chain calculation is possible even if the previous calculation result is cleared by the use of the or @c keys.

Metric Conversions

See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side. Unit conversions can be performed in the normal mode (when not set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), statistics mode, equation mode, matrix mode and list mode.
No. in cm ft m yd m mile km n mile m acre m2 oz g lb kg F C gal (US) l gal (UK) l Remarks : inch : centimeter : foot : meter : yard : meter : mile : kilometer : nautical mile : meter : acre : square meter : ounce : gram : pound : kilogram : Degree Fahrenheit : Degree Celsius : gallon (US) : liter : gallon (UK) : liter No. Remarks fl oz(US) : fluid ounce(US) ml : milliliter fl oz(UK) : fluid ounce(UK) ml : milliliter J : Joule cal : calorie J : Joule cal15 : Calorie (15nC) J : Joule calIT : I.T. calorie hp : horsepower W : watt ps : French horsepower W : watt Pa : Pascal atm : atmosphere Pa : Pascal (1 mmHg = 1 Torr) Pa : Pascal J : Joule

DISPLAY

Equation Display Mantissa Symbol

Fraction Calculations

Arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using fractions, and conversion between a decimal number and a fraction. If the number of digits to be displayed is greater than 10, the number is converted to and displayed as a decimal number.

Exponent

Multi-line Playback Function
Previous equations may be recalled in the normal mode. Equations also include calculation ending instructions such as = and a maximum of 142 characters can be stored in memory. When the memory is full, stored equations are deleted in the order of the oldest first. Pressing [ will display the previous equation. Further pressing [ will display preceding equations (after returning to the previous equation, press ] to view equations in order). In addition, @[ can be used to jump to the oldest equation. The multi-line memory is cleared by the following operations: @c, mode change, RESET, N-base conversion and memory clear (@).
During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time. Certain inactive symbols may appear visible when viewed from a far off angle. Only the symbols required for the usage under instruction are shown in the display and calculation examples of this manual. : Appears when the entire equation cannot be displayed. / Press </> to see the remaining (hidden) section. xy/r : Indicates the mode of expression of results in the complex calculation mode. : Indicates that data can be visible above/below the screen. Press [/] to scroll up/down the view. 2ndF : Appears when @ is pressed. HYP : Indicates that h has been pressed and the hyperbolic functions are enabled. If @H are pressed, the symbols 2ndF HYP appear, indicating that inverse hyperbolic functions are enabled.

Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Operations (N-Base)
Conversions can be performed between N-base numbers. The four basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses and memory calculations can also be performed, along with the logical operations AND, OR, NOT, NEG, XOR and XNOR on binary, pental, octal and hexadecimal numbers. Conversion to each system is performed by the following keys: @ ( appears.), @ ( appears.), @ ( appears.), @ ( appears.), @ ( , , and disappear.) Note: The hexadecimal numbers A F are entered by pressing , , L, , l, and I, and displayed as follows: LIST1) and press k after each. After entering all items, press , then press 2 and specify L1-4 to save the data. To edit data saved in L1-4, press 1 and specify L1-4 to recall the data to the list edit buffer. After editing, press , then press 2 and specify L1-4 to save the data. Before performing calculations, press to close the list edit buffer. When results of calculations are in the list format, the list edit buffer with those results will be displayed. (At this time, you cannot return to the equation.) To save the result in L1-4, press , then press 2 and specify L1-4. Since there is only one list edit buffer, the previous data will be overwritten by the new calculation. In addition to the 4 arithmetic functions, x3, x2, and x1, the following commands are available:
sortA list name sortD list name dim(list name,size) fill(value,size) cumul list name df_list list name aug(list name,list name) min list name max list name mean list name med list name sum list name prod list name stdDv list name vari list name Sorts list in ascending order. Sorts list in descending order. Returns a list with size changed as specified. Enter the specified value for all items. Sequentially cumulates each item in the list. Returns a new list using the difference between adjacent items in the list. Returns a list appending the specified lists. Returns the minimum value in the list. Returns the maximum value in the list. Returns the mean value of items in the list. Returns the median value of items in the list. Returns the sum of items in the list. Returns the multiplication of items in the list. Returns the standard deviation of the list. Returns the variance of the list.
Priority Levels in Calculation
Operations are performed according to the following priority: Q Fractions (1l4, etc.) W , engineering prefixes E Functions preceded by their argument (x-1, x2, n!, etc.) R Yx, x T Implied multiplication of a memory value (2Y, etc.) Y Functions followed by their argument (sin, cos, etc.) U Implied multiplication of a function

Calculations Using Engineering Prefixes
Calculation can be executed in the normal mode (excluding Nbase) using the following 9 types of prefixes.
Prefix k M G T m n p f (kilo) (Mega) (Giga) (Tera) (milli) (micro) (nano) (pico) (femto) Operation 18 Unit 1015
Exponential regression, Logarithmic regression, Power regression, and Inverse regression calculation
Statistics of Q and W. In addition, estimate of y for a given x and estimate of x for a given y. (Since the calculator converts each formula into a linear regression formula before actual calculation takes place, it obtains all statistics, except coefficients a and b, from converted data rather than entered data.)
Quadratic regression calculation
Statistics of Q and W and coefficients a, b, c in the quadratic regression formula (y = a + bx + cx2). (For quadratic regression calculations, no correlation coefficient (r) can be obtained.) When there are two x values, press @. When performing calculations using a, b and c, only one numeric value can be held. x sx x n x x2 y sy y y y2 xy r a b c Mean of samples (x data) Sample standard deviation (x data) Population standard deviation (x data) Number of samples Sum of samples (x data) Sum of squares of samples (x data) Means of samples (y data) Sample standard deviation (y data) Population standard deviation (y data) Sum of samples (y data) Sum of squares of samples (y data) Sum of products of samples (x, y) Correlation coefficient Coefficient of regression equation Coefficient of regression equation Coefficient of quadratic regression equation
If the determinant D = 0, an error occurs. If the absolute value of an intermediate result or calculation result is or more, an error occurs. Coefficients ( a1, etc.) can be entered using ordinary arithmetic operations. To clear the entered coefficients, press @c. Pressing when the determinant D is in the display recalls the coefficients. Each time is pressed, a coefficient is displayed in the order of input, allowing the entered coefficients to be verified (by pressing @, coefficients are displayed in reverse order.) To correct a particular coefficient being displayed, enter the correct value and then press.
Calculation ranges 1099 ~ 9.9999999991099 and 0. If the absolute value of an entry or a final or intermediate result of a calculation is less than 1099, the value is considered to be 0 in calculations and in the display.
BATTERY REPLACEMENT Notes on Battery Replacement
Improper handling of batteries can cause electrolyte leakage or explosion. Be sure to observe the following handling rules: Replace both batteries at the same time. Do not mix new and old batteries. Make sure the new batteries are the correct type. When installing, orient each battery properly as indicated in the calculator. Batteries are factory-installed before shipment, and may be exhausted before they reach the service life stated in the specifications. Notes on erasure of memory contents When the battery is replaced, the memory contents are erased. Erasure can also occur if the calculator is defective or when it is repaired. Make a note of all important memory contents in case accidental erasure occurs.

QUADRATIC AND CUBIC EQUATION SOLVERS
Quadratic (ax2 + bx + c = 0) or cubic (ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0) equation may be solved using this function. Q Quadratic equation solver: m22 W Cubic equation solver: m23 Press after entering each coefficient. The result will be displayed by pressing after entering all coefficients. When there are more than 2 results, the next solution will be displayed. When the result is an imaginary number, xy symbol will appear. The display can be switched between imaginary and real parts by pressing @.

Modify Function

Calculation results are internally obtained in scientific notation with up to 14 digits for the mantissa. However, since calculation results are displayed in the form designated by the display notation and the number of decimal places indicated, the internal calculation result may differ from that shown in the display. By using the modify function, the internal value is converted to match that of the display, so that the displayed value can be used without change in subsequent operations. Q

Solver Function

The x value can be found that reduces an entered equation to 0. This function uses Newton's method to obtain an approximation. Depending on the function (e.g. periodic) or start value, an error may occur (Error 2) due to there being no convergence to the solution for the equation. The value obtained by this function may include a margin of error. If it is larger than acceptable, recalculate the solution after changing Start and dx values. Change the Start value (e.g. to a negative value) or dx value (e.g. to a smaller value) if: no solution can be found (Error 2). more than two solutions appear to be possible (e.g. a cubic equation). to improve the arithmetic precision. The calculation result is automatically stored in the X memory. [Performing Solver function] Q Press m0. W Input a formula with an x variable. E Press 0. R Input Start value and press. The default value is 0. T Input dx value (minute interval). Y Press. W
When to Replace the Batteries

If the display has poor contrast or nothing appears on the display even when is pressed in dim lighting, it is time to replace the batteries.
COMPLEX NUMBER CALCULATIONS
To carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using complex numbers, press m3 to select the complex number mode. Results of complex number calculations are expressed in two modes: Q @}: Rectangular coordinate mode (xy appears.) W @{: Polar coordinate mode (r appears.)

Cautions

Fluid from a leaking battery accidentally entering an eye could result in serious injury. Should this occur, wash with clean water and immediately consult a doctor. Should fluid from a leaking battery come in contact with your skin or clothes, immediately wash with clean water. If the product is not to be used for some time, to avoid damage to the unit from leaking batteries, remove them and store in a safe place. Do not leave exhausted batteries inside the product. Do not fit partially used batteries, and be sure not to mix batteries of different types. Keep batteries out of the reach of children. Exhausted batteries left in the calculator may leak and damage the calculator. Explosion risk may be caused by incorrect handling. Do not throw batteries into a fire as they may explode.
Use K and R to perform a STAT variable calculation.

Complex number entry

Q Rectangular coordinates x-coordinate + y-coordinate or x-coordinate + y-coordinate W Polar coordinates r r: absolute value : argument On selecting another mode, the imaginary part of any complex number stored in the independent memory (M) will be cleared. A complex number expressed in rectangular coordinates with the y-value equal to zero, or expressed in polar coordinates with the angle equal to zero, is treated as a real number. Press 0 to return the complex conjugate of the specified complex number.
o_prod(list name,list name) Returns the outer product of 2 lists (vectors). i_prod(list name,list name) Returns the inner product of 2 lists (vectors). abs list name listmat (5) Returns the absolute value of the list (vector). Creates matrices with left column data from each list. (L1matA, L2matB, L3matC, L4matD) Mode changes from list mode to matrix mode. Creates a matrix with column data from each list. (L1, L2, L3, L4matA) Mode changes from list mode to matrix mode.
Data Entry and Correction
Entered data are kept in memory until @c or mode selection. Before entering new data, clear the memory contents. [Data Entry] Single-variable data Data k Data & frequency k (To enter multiples of the same data) Two-variable data Data x & Data y k Data x & Data y & frequency k (To enter multiples of the same data x and y.) Up to 100 data items can be entered. With the single-variable data, a data item without frequency assignment is counted as one data item, while an item assigned with frequency is stored as a set of two data items. With the two-variable data, a set of data items without frequency assignment is counted as two data items, while a set of items assigned with frequency is stored as a set of three data items. [Data Correction] Correction prior to pressing k immediately after a data entry: Delete incorrect data with , then enter the correct data. Correction after pressing k: Use [] to display the data previously entered. Press ] to display data items in ascending (oldest first) order. To reverse the display order to descending (latest first), press the [ key. Each item is displayed with Xn=, Yn=, or Nn= (n is the sequential number of the data set). Display the data item to modify, input the correct value, then press k. Using &, you can correct the values of the data set all at once. To delete a data set, display an item of the data set to delete, then press @J. The data set will be deleted. To add a new data set, press and input the values, then press k.

listmatA (6)

ERROR AND CALCULATION RANGES Errors
An error will occur if an operation exceeds the calculation ranges, or if a mathematically illegal operation is attempted. When an error occurs, pressing < (or >) automatically moves the cursor back to the place in the equation where the error occurred. Edit the equation or press to clear the equation.

Replacement Procedure

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Turn the power off by pressing @F. Remove the two screws. (Fig. 1) Slide the battery cover slightly and lift it to remove. Remove the used batteries by prying them out with a ball-point pen or other similar pointed device. (Fig. 2) Install two new batteries. Make sure the + side is facing up. Replace the cover and screws. Press the RESET switch (on the back). Make sure that the display appears as shown below. If the display does not appear as shown, remove the batteries, reinstall them and check the display once again. (Fig. 2)
SIMULATION CALCULATION (ALGB)
If you have to find a value consecutively using the same formula, such as plotting a curve line for 2x2 + 1, or finding the variable for 2x + 2y =14, once you enter the equation, all you have to do is to specify the value for the variable in the formula. Usable variables: A-F, M, X and Y Unusable functions: Random function Simulation calculations can only be executed in the normal mode. Calculation ending instructions other than = cannot be used.

MATRIX CALCULATIONS

This function enables the saving of up to 4 matrices (4 rows x 4 columns) for calculations. Press m4 to enter the matrix mode. Matrix data must be entered prior to making calculations. Press. ing [/] will display the matrix edit buffer along with Enter the value of each item (ROW, COLUMN, and then each element, e.g. MAT1,1) and press k after each. After entering all items, press , then press 2 and specify matA-D to save the data. To edit data saved in matA-D, press 1 and specify matA-D to recall the data to the matrix edit buffer. After editing, press , then press 2 and specify matA-D to save the data. Before performing calculations, press to close the matrix edit buffer. When results of calculations are in the matrix format, the matrix edit buffer with those results will be displayed. (At this time, you cannot return to the equation.) To save the result in matA-D, press , then press 2 and specify matA-D. Since there is only one matrix edit buffer, the previous data will be overwritten by the new calculation. In addition to the 4 arithmetic functions (excluding divisions between matrices), x3, x2, and x1, the following commands are available:

dim(matrix name, row,column) cumul matrix name aug(matrix name, matrix name) identity value Returns a matrix with dimensions changed as specified. Returns the cumulative matrix. Appends the second matrix to the first matrix as new columns. The first and second matrices must have the same number of rows. Returns the identity matrix with specified value of rows and columns.
Error Codes and Error Types
Syntax error (Error 1): An attempt was made to perform an invalid operation. Ex. 2 @{ Calculation error (Error 2): The absolute value of an intermediate or final calculation result equals or exceeds 10100. An attempt was made to divide by 0 (or an intermediate calculation resulted in zero). The calculation ranges were exceeded while performing calculations. Depth error (Error 3): The available number of buffers was exceeded. (There are 10 buffers* for numeric values and 24 buffers for calculation instructions in the normal mode). *5 buffers in other modes, and 1 buffer for Matrix/List data. Data items exceeded 100 in the statistics mode. Equation too long (Error 4): The equation exceeded its maximum input buffer (142 characters). An equation must be shorter than 142 characters. Equation recall error (Error 5): The stored equation contains a function not available in the mode used to recall the equation. For example, if a numerical value with numbers other than 0 and 1 is stored as a decimal, etc., it cannot be recalled when the calculator is set to binary. Memory over error (Error 6): Equation exceeded the formula memory buffer (256 characters in total in F1 - F4). Invalid error (Error 7): Matrix definition error or entering an invalid value. Dimension error (Error 8): Matrix/list dimensions inconsistent while calculation. Invalid DIM error (Error 9): Size of matrix/list exceeds calculation range. No define error (Error 10): Undefined matrix/list used in calculation.

(Fig. 1)

Performing Calculations
Q Press m0. W Input a formula with at least one variable. E Press @. R Variable input screen will appear. Input the value of the flashing variable, then press to confirm. The calculation result will be displayed after entering the value for all used variables. Only numerical values are allowed as variables. Input of formulas is not permitted. Upon completing the calculation, press @ to perform calculations using the same formula. Variables and numerical values stored in the memories will be displayed in the variable input screen. To change a numerical value, input the new value and press. Performing simulation calculation will cause memory locations to be overwritten with new values.
Automatic Power Off Function
This calculator will turn itself off to save battery power if no key is pressed for approximately 10 minutes.

SPECIFICATIONS

Calculations: Scientific calculations, complex number calculations, equation solvers, statistical calculations, etc. Internal calculations: Mantissas of up to 14 digits Pending operations: 24 calculations 10 numeric values in the normal mode (5 numeric values in other modes, and 1 numeric value for Matrix/ List data.) Power source: Built-in solar cells 3 V (DC): Backup batteries (Alkaline batteries (LR44) 2) Operating temperature: 0C 40C (32F 104F) External dimensions: 79.6 mm (W) 154.5 mm (D) 13.2 mm (H) 3-1/8 (W) 6-3/32 (D) 17/32 (H) Weight: Approx. 97g (0.22 lb) (Including batteries) Accessories: Batteries 2 (installed), operation manual, quick reference card and hard case
Statistical Calculation Formulas
Type Linear Exponential Logarithmic Power Inverse Quadratic Regression formula y = a + bx y = a ebx y = a + b ln x y = a xb 1 y=a+b x y = a + bx + cx2
fill(value,row,column) Fills each element with a specified value.

STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS

Press m1 to select the statistics mode. The seven statistical calculations listed below can be performed. After selecting the statistics mode, select the desired sub-mode by pressing the number key corresponding to your choice. To change statistical sub-mode, reselect statistics mode (press m1), then select the required sub-mode. 0 (SD) : Single-variable statistics 1 (LINE) : Linear regression calculation 2 (QUAD) : Quadratic regression calculation 3 (EXP) : Exponential regression calculation 4 (LOG) : Logarithmic regression calculation 5 (PWR) : Power regression calculation 6 (INV) : Inverse regression calculation The following statistics can be obtained for each statistical calculation (refer to the table below):
In the statistical calculation formulas, an error will occur when: The absolute value of the intermediate result or calculation result is equal to or greater than 1 10100. The denominator is zero. An attempt is made to take the square root of a negative number. No solution exists in the quadratic regression calculation.

y2 ny2 n

16. 1.5 80. 0. 450. 250. 35. 665.

y2 ny2 n1

xy = x1y1 + x2y2 + + xnyn y = y1 + y2 + + yn y2 = y12 + y22 + + yn2
(hu 1.5 +h s 1.5 )L= 20.08553692 @Ht( 5 / 7 )=

0.895879734

y A r1
@{ + 18.5408873 i = [r] 42.76427608 i @ []
stdDv L1 = 2.516611478 vari L1 = 6.333333333

4600= 4700=

AC + BD < 10100 C2 + D2 BC AD < 10100 C2 + D2 C2 + DDEC : | x | 9999999999 BIN : 1000000000 x x 111111111 PEN : 2222222223 x x 2222222222 OCT : 4000000000 x x 3777777777 HEX : FDABF41C01 x FFFFFFFFFF 0 x 2540BE3FF BIN : 1000000000 x x 111111111 PEN : 2222222223 x x 2222222221 OCT : 4000000000 x x 3777777777 HEX : FDABF41C01 x FFFFFFFFFF 0 x 2540BE3FE BIN : 1000000001 x x 111111111 PEN : 2222222223 x x 2222222222 OCT : 4000000001 x x 3777777777 HEX : FDABF41C01 x FFFFFFFFFF 0 x 2540BE3FF
Endast svensk version/For Sweden only: Miljskydd Denna produkt drivs av batteri. Vid batteribyte skall fljande iakttagas: Det frbrukade batteriet skall inlmnas till er lokala handlare eller till kommunal miljstation fr terinssamling. Kasta ej batteriet i vattnet eller i hushllssoporna. Batteriet fr ej heller utsttas fr ppen eld. OPMERKING: ALLEEN VOOR NEDERLAND/ NOTE: FOR NETHERLANDS ONLY
r1 = 8, 1 = 70 r2 = 12, 2 = 25 r = ?, = ? (1 + i) r = ?, = ? (2 3i)2 = 1 = 1+i CONJ(5+2i) @} 1 += @{ [r] @ []
o_prod(L1,L2) = {19} 4800 @,01)= i_prod(L1,L2) = 29 abs L2 = 5.@,01)= 4A01= 6

(A+Bi)(C+Di)

1. i 1.414213562 i 45. i
@}( 2 - 3 )L = [x] 5. i 12. i @ [y] ( 1 +)@= [x] 0.5 i 0.5 i @ [y] 0( 5 + 2 )= [x] @ [y]
list matA matA: list matA matA: list matA matA:
DEC BIN PEN OCT HEX AND OR XOR XNOR

xx t = x

Standardization conversion formula Standard Umrechnungsformel Formule de conversion de standardisation Frmula de conversin de estandarizacin Frmula de converso padronizada Formula di conversione della standardizzazione Standaardisering omzettingsformule Standard tvltsi kplet Vzorec pro pepoet rozdlen Omvandlingsformel fr standardisering Normituksen konversiokaava Omregningsformel for standardisering

5. i 2. i

m (MAT)
12 matA matB 26 m4 ]2k2k1k2k 3k4k 20 ]2k2k 3k1k2k6k 27 00*01= 00@= 3000 @, 3 @, 3 )= @, 3 @, 3 )= 3200= 3300 @,01)= = @, 3 )= 4000= 4101= 5 xy
Function Funktion Fonction Funcin Funo Funzioni Functie Fggvny Funkce Funktion Funktio Funktion

ENGLISH

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

EL-506W EL-546W

OPERATION MANUAL
PRINTED IN CHINA / IMPRIM EN CHINE / IMPRESO EN CHINA 04HGK (TINSE0719EH01)
ALPHA : Appears when K (STAT VAR), O or R is pressed. FIX/SCI/ENG: Indicates the notation used to display a value. DEG/RAD/GRAD: Indicates angular units. : Appears when matrix mode is selected. : Appears when list mode is selected. : Appears when statistics mode is selected. M : Indicates that a value is stored in the independent memory. ? : Indicates that the calculator is waiting for a numerical value to be entered, such as during simulation calculation. : Appears when the calculator shows an angle as the result in the complex calculation mode. i : Indicates an imaginary number is being displayed in the complex calculation mode.
(2sin30, etc.) I nCr, nPr O , P +, { AND } OR, XOR, XNOR q =, M+, M, M, |DEG, |RAD, |GRAD, DATA, CD, r, xy and other calculation ending instructions If parentheses are used, parenthesized calculations have precedence over any other calculations.
INITIAL SET UP Mode Selection
m0: Normal mode (NORMAL) m1: Statistic mode (STAT) m2: Equation mode (EQN) m3: Complex number mode (CPLX) m4: Matrix mode (MAT) m5: List mode (LIST)
the integral values during minute shifting of the integral range and for periodic y functions, etc., where positive and negative integral values exist depending on y x0 x2 the interval. b For the former case, divide a x x a b x x integral intervals as small x1 x3 x x as possible. For the latter case, separate the positive and negative values. Following these tips will allow results of calculations with greater accuracy and will also shorten the calculation time.

A , B , C , D , E , F

In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, fractional parts cannot be entered. When a decimal number having a fractional part is converted into a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal number, the fractional part will be truncated. Likewise, when the result of a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal calculation includes a fractional part, the fractional part will be truncated. In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, negative numbers are displayed as a complement.
Time, Decimal and Sexagesimal Calculations
Conversion between decimal and sexagesimal numbers can be performed, and, while using sexagesimal numbers, conversion to seconds and minutes notation. The four basic arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using the sexagesimal system. Notation for sexagesimal is as follows:

Random Function

The Random function has four settings for use in the normal, statistics, matrix and list modes. (This function cannot be selected while using the N-Base function.) To generate further random numbers in succession, press. Press to exit. The generated pseudo-random number series is stored in memory Y. Each random number is based on a number series. [Random Numbers] A pseudo-random number, with three significant digits from 0 up to 0.999, can be generated by pressing @`0. [Random Dice] To simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be generated by pressing @`1. [Random Coin] To simulate a coin flip, 0 (head) or 1 (tail) can be randomly generated by pressing @`2. [Random Integer] An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by pressing @`3.

INTRODUCTION

Thank you for purchasing the SHARP Scientific Calculator Model EL-506W/546W. About the calculation examples (including some formulas and tables), refer to the reverse side of this English manual. Refer to the number on the right of each title in the manual for use. After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference. Note: Some of the models described in this manual may not be available in some countries.
BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR Key Notation Used in this Manual
In this manual, key operations are described as follows: To specify ex : @e To specify ln : I To specify F : K Functions that are printed in orange above the key require @ to be pressed first before the key. When you specify the memory, press K first. Numbers for input value are not shown as keys, but as ordinary numbers.

SET UP menu

Press to display the SET UP menu. DRG FSE TAB A menu item can be selected by: moving the flashing cursor by using ><, then pressing (= key), or pressing the number key corresponding to the menu item number. or is displayed on the screen, press [ or ] to If view the previous/next menu screen. Press to exit the SET UP menu. [Determination of the Angular Unit] The following three angular units (degrees, radians, and grads) can be specified. DEG () : Press 00. RAD (rad) : Press 01. GRAD (g) : Press 02. [Selecting the Display Notation and Decimal Places] Four display notation systems are used to display calculation results: Floating point; Fixed decimal point; Scientific notation; and Engineering notation. When the FIX, SCI, or ENG symbol is displayed, the number of decimal places (TAB) can be set to any value between 0 and 9. Displayed values will be reduced to the corresponding number of digits. [Setting the Floating Point Numbers System in Scientific Notation] Two settings are used to display a floating point number: NORM1 (default setting) and NORM2. A number is automatically displayed in scientific notation outside a preset range: NORM1: 0.000000001 x 9999999999 NORM2: 0.01 x 9999999999

degree minute

second

Coordinate Conversions

Before performing a calculation, select the angular unit.

Y y 0 x X P (x,y)

P (r, )

Operational Notes

Do not carry the calculator around in your back pocket, as it may break when you sit down. The display is made of glass and is particularly fragile. Keep the calculator away from extreme heat such as on a car dashboard or near a heater, and avoid exposing it to excessively humid or dusty environments. Since this product is not waterproof, do not use it or store it where fluids, for example water, can splash onto it. Raindrops, water spray, juice, coffee, steam, perspiration, etc. will also cause malfunction. Clean with a soft, dry cloth. Do not use solvents or a wet cloth. Do not drop it or apply excessive force. Never dispose of batteries in a fire. Keep batteries out of the reach of children. This product, including accessories, may change due to upgrading without prior notice.

Power On and Off

Press to turn the calculator on, and @F to turn it off.

Rectangular coord.

Polar coord.
Clearing the Entry and Memories
Operation @c Mode selection @00*5 @10*6 RESET switch : Clear Entry M A-F, X,Y STAT*1 (Display) F1-F4 ANS STAT VAR*2 matA-D*3 L1-4*4
The calculation result is automatically stored in memories X and Y. Value of r or x: X memory Value of or y: Y memory
Calculations Using Physical Constants
See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side. A constant is recalled by pressing followed by the number of the physical constant designated by a 2-digit number. The recalled constant appears in the display mode selected with the designated number of decimal places. Physical constants can be recalled in the normal mode (when not set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), statistics mode, equation mode, matrix mode and list mode. Note: Physical constants and metric conversions are based either on the 2002 CODATA recommended values or 1995 Edition of the Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) released by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) or on ISO specifications.
No. 27 Constant Speed of light in vacuum Newtonian constant of gravitation Standard acceleration of gravity Electron mass Proton mass Neutron mass Muon mass Atomic mass unit-kilogram relationship Elementary charge Planck constant Boltzmann constant Magnetic constant Electric constant Classical electron radius Fine-structure constant Bohr radius Rydberg constant Magnetic flux quantum Bohr magneton Electron magnetic moment Nuclear magneton Proton magnetic moment Neutron magnetic moment Muon magnetic moment Compton wavelength Proton Compton wavelength Stefan-Boltzmann constant No. Constant 28 Avogadro constant 29 Molar volume of ideal gas (273.15 K, 101.325 kPa) 30 Molar gas constant 31 Faraday constant 32 Von Klitzing constant 33 Electron charge to mass quotient 34 Quantum of circulation 35 Proton gyromagnetic ratio 36 Josephson constant 37 Electron volt 38 Celsius Temperature 39 Astronomical unit 40 Parsec 41 Molar mass of carbon-Planck constant over 2 pi 43 Hartree energy 44 Conductance quantum 45 Inverse fine-structure constant 46 Proton-electron mass ratio 47 Molar mass constant 48 Neutron Compton wavelength 49 First radiation constant 50 Second radiation constant 51 Characteristic impedance of vacuum 52 Standard atmosphere

Angular Unit Conversions

Each time @g are pressed, the angular unit changes in sequence.

Memory Calculations

Mode NORMAL STAT EQN CPLX MAT LIST ANS M, F1-F4 A-F, X,Y

NOTICE

SHARP strongly recommends that separate permanent written records be kept of all important data. Data may be lost or altered in virtually any electronic memory product under certain circumstances. Therefore, SHARP assumes no responsibility for data lost or otherwise rendered unusable whether as a result of improper use, repairs, defects, battery replacement, use after the specified battery life has expired, or any other cause. SHARP will not be liable nor responsible for any incidental or consequential economic or property damage caused by misuse and/or malfunctions of this product and its peripherals, unless such liability is acknowledged by law. Press the RESET switch (on the back), with the tip of a ballpoint pen or similar object, only in the following cases. Do not use an object with a breakable or sharp tip. Note that pressing the RESET switch erases all data stored in memory. When using for the first time After replacing the batteries To clear all memory contents When an abnormal condition occurs and all keys are inoperative. If service should be required on this calculator, use only a SHARP servicing dealer, SHARP approved service facility, or SHARP repair service where available.

: Retain *1 Statistical data (entered data). y *2 x, sx, x, n, x, x 2, , sy, y, y, y 2, xy, r, a, b, c. *3 Matrix memories (matA, matB, matC and matD) *4 List memories (L1, L2, L3 and L4) *5 All variables are cleared. *6 This key combination functions the same as the RESET switch. [Memory clear key] MEM RESET Press @ to display the menu. To clear all variables (M, A-F, X, Y, ANS, F1-F4, STAT VAR, matA-D, L1-4), press 00 or 0. To RESET the calculator, press 10 or 1. The RESET operation will erase all data stored in memory, and restore the calculators default setting.

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS

Press m0 to select the normal mode. In each example, press to clear the display. If the FIX, SCI, or ENG indicator is displayed, clear the indicator by selecting NORM1 from the SET UP menu.

Arithmetic Operations

The closing parenthesis ) just before = or ; may be omitted.
Entering and Correcting the Equation
[Cursor keys] Press < or > to move the cursor. You can also return to the equation after getting an answer by pressing > (<). See the next section for using the [ and ] keys. See SET UP menu for cursor use in the SET UP menu. [Insert mode and Overwrite mode in the Equation display] Pressing @ switches between the two editing modes: insert mode (default); and overwrite mode. A triangular cursor indicates that an entry will be inserted at the cursor, while the rectangular cursor indicates to overwrite preexisting data as you make entries. To insert a number in the insert mode, move the cursor to the place immediately after where you wish to insert, then make a desired entry. In the overwrite mode, data under the cursor will be overwritten by the number you enter. The mode set will be retained until the next RESET operation. [Deletion key] To delete a number/function, move the cursor to the number/ function you wish to delete, then press d. If the cursor is located at the right end of an equation, the d key will function as a back space key.

Constant Calculations

In constant calculations, the addend becomes a constant. Subtraction and division are performed in the same manner. For multiplication, the multiplicand becomes a constant. In the constants calculations, constants will be displayed as K.

Functions

Refer to the calculation examples of each function. Before starting calculations, specify the angular unit.
Differential/Integral Functions
Differential and integral calculations are only available in the normal mode. For calculation conditions such as the x value in differential calculation or the initial point in integral calculation, only numerical values can be entered and equations such as 22 cannot be specified. It is possible to reuse the same equation over and over again and to recalculate by only changing the conditions without re-entering the equation. Performing a calculation will clear the value in the X memory. When performing a differential calculation, enter the formula first and then enter the x value in differential calculation and the minute interval (dx). If a numerical value is not specified for minute interval, x0 will be x105 and x=0 will be 105 from the value of the numeric derivative. When performing an integral calculation, enter the formula first and then enter a range of integral (a, b) and subintervals (n). If a numerical value is not specified for subintervals, calculation will be performed using n=100. Since differential and integral calculations are performed based on the following equations, correct results may not be obtained, in certain rare cases, when performing special calculations that contain discontinuous points. Integral calculation (Simpsons rule): ba 1 S=h{(a)+4{(a+h)+(a+3h)++(a+(N1)h)} h= N 3 N=2n +2{(a+2h)+(a+4h)++(a+(N2)h)}+f(b)} a xb dx dx f(x+ )f(x ) Differential calculation: f(x)= dx [When performing integral calculations] Integral calculations, depending on the integrands and subintervals included, require longer calculation time. During calculation, Calculating! will be displayed. To cancel calculation, press. Note that there will be greater integral errors when there are large fluctuations in

Hard Case

: Available : Unavailable [Temporary memories (A-F, X and Y)] Press O and a variable key to store a value in memory. Press R and a variable key to recall a value from the memory. To place a variable in an equation, press K and a variable key. [Independent memory (M)] In addition to all the features of temporary memories, a value can be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value. Press OM to clear the independent memory (M). [Last answer memory (ANS)] The calculation result obtained by pressing = or any other calculation ending instruction is automatically stored in the last answer memory. A Matrix/List format result is not stored. [Formula memories (F1-F4)] Formulas up to 256 characters in total can be stored in F1 - F4. (Functions such as sin, etc., will be counted as one letter.) Storing a new equation in each memory will automatically replace the existing equation. Note: Calculation results from the functions indicated below are automatically stored in memories X or Y replacing existing values. Random function.. Y memory r, xy. X memory (r or x), Y memory ( or y) Use of R or K will recall the value stored in memory using up to 14 digits.

Chain Calculations

The previous calculation result can be used in the subsequent calculation. However, it cannot be recalled after entering multiple instructions or when the calculation result is in Matrix/List format. When using postfix functions ( , sin, etc.), a chain calculation is possible even if the previous calculation result is cleared by the use of the key.

Metric Conversions

See the quick reference card and the English manual reverse side. Unit conversions can be performed in the normal mode (when not set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), statistics mode, equation mode, matrix mode and list mode.
No. in cm ft m yd m mile km n mile m acre m2 oz g lb kg F C gal (US) l gal (UK) l Remarks : inch : centimeter : foot : meter : yard : meter : mile : kilometer : nautical mile : meter : acre : square meter : ounce : gram : pound : kilogram : Degree Fahrenheit : Degree Celsius : gallon (US) : liter : gallon (UK) : liter No. Remarks fl oz(US) : fluid ounce(US) ml : milliliter fl oz(UK) : fluid ounce(UK) ml : milliliter J : Joule cal : calorie J : Joule cal15 : Calorie (15nC) J : Joule calIT : I.T. calorie hp : horsepower W : watt ps : French horsepower W : watt Pa : Pascal atm : atmosphere Pa : Pascal (1 mmHg = 1 Torr) Pa : Pascal J : Joule

DISPLAY

Equation Display Mantissa Symbol

Fraction Calculations

Arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using fractions, and conversion between a decimal number and a fraction. If the number of digits to be displayed is greater than 10, the number is converted to and displayed as a decimal number.
Multi-line Playback Function
Exponent During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time. Certain inactive symbols may appear visible when viewed from a far off angle. Only the symbols required for the usage under instruction are shown in the display and calculation examples of this manual. : Appears when the entire equation cannot be displayed. / Press </> to see the remaining (hidden) section. xy/r : Indicates the mode of expression of results in the complex calculation mode. : Indicates that data can be visible above/below the screen. Press [/] to scroll up/down the view. 2ndF : Appears when @ is pressed. HYP : Indicates that h has been pressed and the hyperbolic functions are enabled. If @H are pressed, the symbols 2ndF HYP appear, indicating that inverse hyperbolic functions are enabled. Previous equations may be recalled in the normal mode. Equations also include calculation ending instructions such as = and a maximum of 142 characters can be stored in memory. When the memory is full, stored equations are deleted in the order of the oldest first. Pressing [ will display the previous equation. Further pressing [ will display preceding equations (after returning to the previous equation, press ] to view equations in order). In addition, @[ can be used to jump to the oldest equation. The multi-line memory is cleared by the following operations: @c, mode change, RESET, N-base conversion and memory clear (@).
Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Operations (N-Base)
Conversions can be performed between N-base numbers. The four basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses and memory calculations can also be performed, along with the logical operations AND, OR, NOT, NEG, XOR and XNOR on binary, pental, octal and hexadecimal numbers. Conversion to each system is performed by the following keys: @ ( appears.), @ ( appears.), @ ( appears.), @ ( appears.), @ ( , , and disappear.) Note: The hexadecimal numbers A F are entered by pressing , , L, , l, and I, and displayed as follows: the value of each item (SIZE, and then each element, e.g. LIST1) and press k after each. After entering all items, press , then press 2 and specify L1-4 to save the data. To edit data saved in L1-4, press 1 and specify L1-4 to recall the data to the list edit buffer. After editing, press , then press 2 and specify L1-4 to save the data. Before performing calculations, press to close the list edit buffer. When results of calculations are in the list format, the list edit buffer with those results will be displayed. (At this time, you cannot return to the equation.) To save the result in L1-4, press , then press 2 and specify L1-4. Since there is only one list edit buffer, the previous data will be overwritten by the new calculation. In addition to the 4 arithmetic functions, x3, x2, and x1, the following commands are available:

sortA list name sortD list name dim(list name,size) fill(value,size) cumul list name df_list list name aug(list name,list name) min list name max list name mean list name med list name sum list name prod list name stdDv list name vari list name Sorts list in ascending order. Sorts list in descending order. Returns a list with size changed as specified. Enter the specified value for all items. Sequentially cumulates each item in the list. Returns a new list using the difference between adjacent items in the list. Returns a list appending the specified lists. Returns the minimum value in the list. Returns the maximum value in the list. Returns the mean value of items in the list. Returns the median value of items in the list. Returns the sum of items in the list. Returns the multiplication of items in the list. Returns the standard deviation of the list. Returns the variance of the list.
Priority Levels in Calculation
Operations are performed according to the following priority: Q Fractions (1l4, etc.) W , engineering prefixes E Functions preceded by their argument (x-1, x2, n!, etc.) R Yx, x T Implied multiplication of a memory value (2Y, etc.) Y Functions followed by their argument (sin, cos, etc.) U Implied multiplication of a function
Calculations Using Engineering Prefixes
Calculation can be executed in the normal mode (excluding Nbase) using the following 9 types of prefixes.
Prefix k M G T m n p f (kilo) (Mega) (Giga) (Tera) (milli) (micro) (nano) (pico) (femto) Operation 18 Unit 1015
Exponential regression, Logarithmic regression, Power regression, and Inverse regression calculation
Statistics of Q and W. In addition, estimate of y for a given x and estimate of x for a given y. (Since the calculator converts each formula into a linear regression formula before actual calculation takes place, it obtains all statistics, except coefficients a and b, from converted data rather than entered data.)
Quadratic regression calculation
Statistics of Q and W and coefficients a, b, c in the quadratic regression formula (y = a + bx + cx2). (For quadratic regression calculations, no correlation coefficient (r) can be obtained.) When there are two x values, press @. When performing calculations using a, b and c, only one numeric value can be held. x sx x n x x2 y sy y y y2 xy r a b c Mean of samples (x data) Sample standard deviation (x data) Population standard deviation (x data) Number of samples Sum of samples (x data) Sum of squares of samples (x data) Mean of samples (y data) Sample standard deviation (y data) Population standard deviation (y data) Sum of samples (y data) Sum of squares of samples (y data) Sum of products of samples (x, y) Correlation coefficient Coefficient of regression equation Coefficient of regression equation Coefficient of quadratic regression equation

Modify Function

Calculation results are internally obtained in scientific notation with up to 14 digits for the mantissa. However, since calculation results are displayed in the form designated by the display notation and the number of decimal places indicated, the internal calculation result may differ from that shown in the display. By using the modify function, the internal value is converted to match that of the display, so that the displayed value can be used without change in subsequent operations. Q

Solver Function

The x value can be found that reduces an entered equation to 0. This function uses Newton's method to obtain an approximation. Depending on the function (e.g. periodic) or start value, an error may occur (Error 2) due to there being no convergence to the solution for the equation. The value obtained by this function may include a margin of error. If it is larger than acceptable, recalculate the solution after changing Start and dx values. Change the Start value (e.g. to a negative value) or dx value (e.g. to a smaller value) if: no solution can be found (Error 2). more than two solutions appear to be possible (e.g. a cubic equation). to improve the arithmetic precision. The calculation result is automatically stored in the X memory. [Performing Solver function] Q Press m0. W Input a formula with an x variable. E Press 0. R Input Start value and press. The default value is 0. T Input dx value (minute interval). Y Press. W
When to Replace the Batteries
If the display has poor contrast or nothing appears on the display even when is pressed in dim lighting, it is time to replace the batteries.
COMPLEX NUMBER CALCULATIONS
To carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using complex numbers, press m3 to select the complex number mode. Results of complex number calculations are expressed in two modes: Q @}: Rectangular coordinate mode (xy appears.) W @{: Polar coordinate mode (r appears.)

Cautions

Fluid from a leaking battery accidentally entering an eye could result in serious injury. Should this occur, wash with clean water and immediately consult a doctor. Should fluid from a leaking battery come in contact with your skin or clothes, immediately wash with clean water. If the product is not to be used for some time, to avoid damage to the unit from leaking batteries, remove them and store in a safe place. Do not leave exhausted batteries inside the product. Do not fit partially used batteries, and be sure not to mix batteries of different types. Keep batteries out of the reach of children. Exhausted batteries left in the calculator may leak and damage the calculator. Explosion risk may be caused by incorrect handling. Do not throw batteries into a fire as they may explode.

Use K and R to perform a STAT variable calculation.
Data Entry and Correction
Entered data are kept in memory until @c or mode selection. Before entering new data, clear the memory contents. [Data Entry] Single-variable data Data k Data & frequency k (To enter multiples of the same data) Two-variable data Data x & Data y k Data x & Data y & frequency k (To enter multiples of the same data x and y.) Up to 100 data items can be entered. With the single-variable data, a data item without frequency assignment is counted as one data item, while an item assigned with frequency is stored as a set of two data items. With the two-variable data, a set of data items without frequency assignment is counted as two data items, while a set of items assigned with frequency is stored as a set of three data items. [Data Correction] Correction prior to pressing k immediately after a data entry: Delete incorrect data with , then enter the correct data. Correction after pressing k: Use [] to display the data previously entered. Press ] to display data items in ascending (oldest first) order. To reverse the display order to descending (latest first), press the [ key. Each item is displayed with Xn=, Yn=, or Nn= (n is the sequential number of the data set). Display the data item to modify, input the correct value, then press k. Using &, you can correct the values of the data set all at once. To delete a data set, display an item of the data set to delete, then press @J. The data set will be deleted. To add a new data set, press and input the values, then press k.

Complex number entry

Q Rectangular coordinates x-coordinate + y-coordinate or x-coordinate + y-coordinate W Polar coordinates r r: absolute value : argument On selecting another mode, the imaginary part of any complex number stored in the independent memory (M) will be cleared. A complex number expressed in rectangular coordinates with the y-value equal to zero, or expressed in polar coordinates with the angle equal to zero, is treated as a real number. Press 0 to return the complex conjugate of the specified complex number.
o_prod(list name,list name) Returns the outer product of 2 lists (vectors). i_prod(list name,list name) Returns the inner product of 2 lists (vectors). abs list name listmat (5) Returns the absolute value of the list (vector). Creates matrices with left column data from each list. (L1matA, L2matB, L3matC, L4matD) Mode changes from list mode to matrix mode. Creates a matrix with column data from each list. (L1, L2, L3, L4matA) Mode changes from list mode to matrix mode.

listmatA (6)

ERROR AND CALCULATION RANGES Errors
An error will occur if an operation exceeds the calculation ranges, or if a mathematically illegal operation is attempted. When an error occurs, pressing < (or >) automatically moves the cursor back to the place in the equation where the error occurred. Edit the equation or press to clear the equation.

Replacement Procedure

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Turn the power off by pressing @F. Remove the two screws. (Fig. 1) Slide the battery cover slightly and lift it to remove. Remove the used batteries by prying them out with a ball-point pen or other similar pointed device. (Fig. 2) Install two new batteries. Make sure the + side is facing up. Replace the cover and screws. Press the RESET switch (on the back). Make sure that the display appears as shown below. If the display does not appear as shown, remove the batteries, reinstall them and check the display once again. (Fig. 2)
SIMULATION CALCULATION (ALGB)
If you have to find a value consecutively using the same formula, such as plotting a curve line for 2x2 + 1, or finding the variable for 2x + 2y =14, once you enter the equation, all you have to do is to specify the value for the variable in the formula. Usable variables: A-F, M, X and Y Unusable functions: Random function Simulation calculations can only be executed in the normal mode. Calculation ending instructions other than = cannot be used.

MATRIX CALCULATIONS

This function enables the saving of up to 4 matrices (4 rows x 4 columns) for calculations. Press m4 to enter the matrix mode. Matrix data must be entered prior to making calculations. Press. ing [/] will display the matrix edit buffer along with Enter the value of each item (ROW, COLUMN, and then each element, e.g. MAT1,1) and press k after each. After entering all items, press , then press 2 and specify matA-D to save the data. To edit data saved in matA-D, press 1 and specify matA-D to recall the data to the matrix edit buffer. After editing, press , then press 2 and specify matA-D to save the data. Before performing calculations, press to close the matrix edit buffer. When results of calculations are in the matrix format, the matrix edit buffer with those results will be displayed. (At this time, you cannot return to the equation.) To save the result in matA-D, press , then press 2 and specify matA-D. Since there is only one matrix edit buffer, the previous data will be overwritten by the new calculation. In addition to the 4 arithmetic functions (excluding divisions between matrices), x3, x2, and x1, the following commands are available:
dim(matrix name, row,column) fill(value,row,column) cumul matrix name aug(matrix name, matrix name) identity value Returns a matrix with dimensions changed as specified. Fills each element with a specified value. Returns the cumulative matrix. Appends the second matrix to the first matrix as new columns. The first and second matrices must have the same number of rows. Returns the identity matrix with specified value of rows and columns.
Error Codes and Error Types
Syntax error (Error 1): An attempt was made to perform an invalid operation. Ex. 2 @{ Calculation error (Error 2): The absolute value of an intermediate or final calculation result equals or exceeds 10100. An attempt was made to divide by 0 (or an intermediate calculation resulted in zero). The calculation ranges were exceeded while performing calculations. Depth error (Error 3): The available number of buffers was exceeded. (There are 10 buffers* for numeric values and 24 buffers for calculation instructions in the normal mode). *5 buffers in other modes, and 1 buffer for Matrix/List data. Data items exceeded 100 in the statistics mode. Equation too long (Error 4): The equation exceeded its maximum input buffer (142 characters). An equation must be shorter than 142 characters. Equation recall error (Error 5): The stored equation contains a function not available in the mode used to recall the equation. For example, if a numerical value with numbers other than 0 and 1 is stored as a decimal, etc., it cannot be recalled when the calculator is set to binary. Memory over error (Error 6): Equation exceeded the formula memory buffer (256 characters in total in F1 - F4). Invalid error (Error 7): Matrix/list definition error or entering an invalid value. Dimension error (Error 8): Matrix/list dimensions inconsistent while calculation. Invalid DIM error (Error 9): Size of matrix/list exceeds calculation range. No define error (Error 10): Undefined matrix/list used in calculation.

(Fig. 1)

Performing Calculations
Q Press m0. W Input a formula with at least one variable. E Press @. R Variable input screen will appear. Input the value of the flashing variable, then press to confirm. The calculation result will be displayed after entering the value for all used variables. Only numerical values are allowed as variables. Input of formulas is not permitted. Upon completing the calculation, press @ to perform calculations using the same formula. Variables and numerical values stored in the memories will be displayed in the variable input screen. To change a numerical value, input the new value and press. Performing simulation calculation will cause memory locations to be overwritten with new values.
Automatic Power Off Function
This calculator will turn itself off to save battery power if no key is pressed for approximately 10 minutes.

SPECIFICATIONS

Calculations: Scientific calculations, complex number calculations, equation solvers, statistical calculations, etc. Internal calculations: Mantissas of up to 14 digits Pending operations: 24 calculations 10 numeric values in the normal mode (5 numeric values in other modes, and 1 numeric value for Matrix/ List data.) Power source: Built-in solar cells 3 V (DC): Backup batteries (Alkaline batteries (LR44 or equivalent) 2) Operating temperature: 0C 40C (32F 104F) External dimensions: 79.6 mm (W) 154.5 mm (D) 13.2 mm (H) 3-1/8 (W) 6-3/32 (D) 17/32 (H) Weight: Approx. 97g (0.22 lb) (Including batteries) Accessories: Batteries 2 (installed), operation manual, quick reference card and hard case
Statistical Calculation Formulas
Type Linear Exponential Logarithmic Power Inverse Quadratic Regression formula y = a + bx y = a ebx y = a + b ln x y = a xb 1 y=a+b x y = a + bx + cx2

STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS

Press m1 to select the statistics mode. The seven statistical calculations listed below can be performed. After selecting the statistics mode, select the desired sub-mode by pressing the number key corresponding to your choice. To change statistical sub-mode, reselect statistics mode (press m1), then select the required sub-mode. 0 (SD) : Single-variable statistics 1 (LINE) : Linear regression calculation 2 (QUAD) : Quadratic regression calculation 3 (EXP) : Exponential regression calculation 4 (LOG) : Logarithmic regression calculation 5 (PWR) : Power regression calculation 6 (INV) : Inverse regression calculation The following statistics can be obtained for each statistical calculation (refer to the table below):
In the statistical calculation formulas, an error will occur when: The absolute value of the intermediate result or calculation result is equal to or greater than 1 10100. The denominator is zero. An attempt is made to take the square root of a negative number. No solution exists in the quadratic regression calculation.

rnd_mat(row,column) Returns a random matrix with specified values of rows and columns. det matrix name trans matrix name matlist (5) matAlist (6) Returns the determinant of a square matrix. Returns the matrix with the columns transposed to rows and the rows transposed to columns. Creates lists with elements from the left column of each matrix. (matAL1, matBL2, matCL3, matDL4) Mode changes from matrix mode to list mode. Creates lists with elements from each column of the matrix. (matAL1, L2, L3, L4) Mode changes from matrix mode to list mode.
Normal Probability Calculations
P(t), Q(t), and R(t) will always take positive values, even when t<0, because these functions follow the same principle used when solving for an area. Values for P(t), Q(t), and R(t) are given to six decimal places.

Calculation Ranges

Within the ranges specified, this calculator is accurate to 1 of the least significant digit of the mantissa. However, a calculation error increases in continuous calculations due to accumulation of each calculation error. (This is the same for yx, x , n!, ex, ln, Matrix/List calculations, etc., where continuous calculations are performed internally.) Additionally, a calculation error will accumulate and become larger in the vicinity of inflection points and singular points of functions.
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Single-variable statistical calculation
Statistics of Q and value of the normal probability function
SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS
Simultaneous linear equation with two unknowns (2-VLE) or with three unknowns (3-VLE) may be solved using this function. Q 2-VLE: m20 W 3-VLE: m21

LIST CALCULATIONS

This function enables the saving of up to 4 lists of 16 elements for calculations. Press m5 to enter the list mode. List data must be entered prior to making calculations. Pressing. Enter [/] will display the list edit buffer along with
Linear regression calculation
Statistics of Q and W and, in addition, estimate of y for a given x (estimate y) and estimate of x for a given y (estimate x)

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