2. Adjust the contrast by using the + and - keys. +: increases the contrast -: decreases the contrast 3. When done, press C to exit the mode. Turning the calculator OFF Press @ o to turn the calculator off. Automatic power off function The calculator is automatically turned off when there is no key operation for approximately 10 minutes (The power-off time depends on the conditions.) The calculator will not automatically power off while it is executing calculations ( flashes on the upper right corner of the display.)

Using the Hard Cover

To open the cover: When in use:

When not in use:

Part Names and Functions

Main Unit

1 Display screen

2 Power ON/ OFF key

4 Graphing keys
5 Cursor keys 3 Key operation keys
1 Display screen: Displays up to 132 pixels wide by 64 pixels tall of graphs and texts. 2 Power ON/OFF key: Turns calculator ON. To turn off the calculator, press @, then o. 3 Key operation keys: These keys are used to change the key functions. @: A: Note: Changes the cursor to 2, and the next keystroke enters the function or mode printed above each key in yellow. Changes the cursor to A, and the next keystroke enters the alphabetical letter printed above each key in purple. Press @. to lock the specific keys in the alphabet entering mode. (ALPHA-LOCK)
4 Graphing keys: These keys specify settings for the graphing-related mode. Y: G: T: W: Z: U: ,: ": y: d: f: k: Opens the formula input screen for drawing graphs. Draws a graph based on the formulas programmed in the Y window. Opens a Table based on the formulas programmed in Y. Sets the display ranges for the graph screen. Changes the display range of the graph screen. Places the cursor pointer on the graph for tracing, and displays the coordinates. Displays the substitution feature. Displays both a graph and a table at the same time. Opens the table setup screen. Draws items on the graph. Use this key also to save or recall the graph/pixel data. Sets the operations of the graph screen. Calculates specific values based on formulas programmed in Y
5 Cursor keys: Enables you to move the cursor (appears as _, , etc. on the screen) in four directions. Use these keys also to select items in the menu. Reset switch (in the battery compartment): Used when replacing batteries or clear the calculator memory. # key: Returns calculator to calculation screen. p key: Sets or resets the calculator settings, such as LCD contrast and memory usage. n key: Obtains the screen for the slide show. l key: Accesses list features. ] key: Creates your own slide shows. [ key: Sets the statistical plotting.
Basic keyboard Basic Operation keys E: C / q: B: D: i: ;:

Mathematical functions can be called up quickly with the Math Function keys. The Math Function key sets for both the Basic and Advanced Keyboards are designed to suit the needs of calculations at each level. Math Function keys for the Basic keyboard: Q / < > i % x Reduces a fraction Converts a number to a mixed fraction, if possible Converts a number to an improper fraction Converts a number to decimal form Gives an answer in quotient and remainder Specifies a percentage number Enters an variable x at the cursor
Math Function keys for the Advanced keyboard: s s c Enters a sine function at the cursor Enters an arc sine function at the cursor Enters a cosine function at the cursor

c t t l 0 I @

Enters an arc cosine function at the cursor Enters a tangent function at the cursor Enters an arctangent function at the cursor Enters a logarithm function at the cursor Enters 10 to the xth power, then sets the cursor at the x Enters a natural logarithm function at the cursor Enters e-constant to the power of x, then sets the cursor at the x Enters a variable x, , T, or n. The variable is automatically determined according to the calculators coordinate setup: x for rectangular, for polar, T for parametric, n for sequential.
Common Math Function keys for both keyboards: y x Enters 2 at the cursor, to raise a number to the second power Enters -1 at the cursor, to raise a number to the negative first power Enters a mixed number. Enters a fraction. Enters an exponent. By itself enters a root figure; the cursor will be set at a, the depth.

d b a _

If a number precedes d b a and _, then the number will be set as the first entry of the figure. Else, the first entry is blank and the cursor flashes. Examples 2d3} 4'

d ;2'3}4'

+ , R r z
Enters a root figure at the cursor Enters , (a comma) at the cursor Stores a number or a formula into a variable Recalls an item stored in a variable Brings up the VARS menu.
MATH, STAT, and PRGM Menu Keys
By using the M, S, and P keys, you can access many menu items for complex calculation tasks. The appendix List of Menu/Sub-menu Items shows the contents of each, with detailed descriptions of each sub-menu item. Note that the contents of menu items differ drastically between the Basic keyboard and the Advanced keyboard. For example, the P menu for the Basic mode contains only one item (A EXEC), while in the Advanced mode there are three menu items (A EXEC, B EDIT, and C NEW). Example Round the following number beyond the decimal point: 34.567 1. Press # C, then M. The MATH menu takes over the screen, as shown to the right. MATH menu items are displayed on the left side of the screen. Note: The example above is simulated on the Basic mode. There are more menu items available with the Advanced mode. 2. Use the { and } keys to move the cursor up and down the menu. As you scroll, you will see the corresponding sub-menu contents (shown on the right side of the screen) change. 3. Set the cursor at B NUM. Menu items can also be selected by using shortcut keys (A through H); in this example, simply press B to select B NUM. There is no need to use A for this operation. 4. Press a shortcut key 2 to select 2 round(. The screen now goes back to the calculation screen, as follows: Another way of selecting the sub-menu item is to press ' (or E) on the menu item B NUM. The cursor will be extended into the sub-menu on the right. Now, move the cursor on the sub-menu down to 2 round(, then press E.

COORD:

Polar Seq

ANSWER:

Sets the answer preference to various number formats. Answers will be given in decimal form (default for Advanced mode) Answers will be given in mixed fractions, whenever appropriate (default for Basic mode) Answers will be given in improper fractions, whenever appropriate Answers will be given in complex rectangular form (for Advanced mode only) Answers will be given in complex polar form (for Advanced mode only)

Decimal (Real)

Mixed (Real)

Improp (Real)

xyi (Complex)

r (Complex)

EDITOR:
Sets the editing style to one of two available formats. Equation Formulas can be entered in a "type it as you see it approach" (default setting). Formulas will be displayed on one line.

One line

Notes:
Immediately after changing the EDITOR, the calculator will return to the calculation screen and the following data will be cleared. ENTRY memory Equations stored in the graph equation window (Y) Equations temporally stored in the SOLVER window (@ ') * Resetting to the default settings (@ p E 1) will also clear the above data. Expression of up to 114 bytes can be enetered in the Equation edit mode. If the expression exceed the screen width, it is horizontally extended. Expression of up to 160 bytes can be entered in One-line edit mode. if the expression exceed the screen width, it goes to the next line.

SIMPLE:

Sets the preference for handling reducible fractions. Auto Manual Fractions will automatically be reduced down (default) Fractions will not be reduced unless Q is pressed
All the procedures in this manual are explained using the default settings unless otherwise specified.
Precedence of Calculations
When solving a mathematical expression, this calculator internally looks for the following figures and methods (sorted in the order of evaluation): 1) Fractions (1/4, a/b, , etc.) 2) Complex angles () 3) Single calculation functions before a numerical value (X2, X-1, !, , r , and g ) 4) Exponential functions (ab,

Chapter 3: Basic Calculations Basic Keyboard
CONCEPT 1. Enter a math expression, then perform the calculation. 2. Save a number into a variable, then recall the value later. PROCEDURE 1. First, press #, then C to clear any screen entries. 2. Type 186282 = 7.5, then press E. The circumference of the earth is thus obtained. 3. Store the answer in a variable. A variable is a symbol under which you can store a numerical value. We will use variable A to store the circumference of the earth. Press R to set the store mode. Press A A, then E to store the answer. To call up the stored answer, press A A E again. Note: While checking the stored values, you may see 0; this means that no value is stored in the variable. 4. Now, since the value you have stored under A is the distance you will be travelling in 24 hours, divide the number by 24. Press A A = 24, then E. So, you are travelling at 1034.9 miles/hour. That is fast!

2. Arithmetic Keys

Performing addition, subtraction, multiplication and division E There are various keys for arithmetic calculations. Use the + - | =, _, ( and ) keys to perform basic arithmetic calculations. Press E to solve an equation.
Executes an expression. Example Calculate 1 + 2. #C1+2E

A Note about expressions

An expression is a mathematical statement that may use numbers and/or variables that represent numbers. This works just like a regular word sentence; one may ask how are you?, and you may answer okay. But what if an incomplete sentence is thrown, such as how are? Youll wonder, how are. what?; it just doesnt make sense. A math expression needs to be complete as well. 1 + 2, 4x, 2sinx + cosx form valid expressions, while 1 + and cos do not. If an expression is not complete, the calculator will display an error message upon pressing the E key. Enters a + sign for addition. Example Calculate 12 + 34. #C12+34 E
Enters a sign for subtraction. Example Subtract 21 from 43. 43-21E
Enters a sign for multiplication. Example Multiply 12 by 34. 12|34E
Enters a sign for division. Example Divide 54 by 32. 54=32E
When to leave out the sign
The multiplication sign can be left out when: a. It is placed in front of an open parenthesis. b. It is followed by a variable or a mathematical constant (, e, etc.): c. It is followed by a scientific function, such as sin, log, etc.:

3 ipart

ipart value Returns only the integer part of a decimal number. * A real number, a list, matrix, variable, or equation can be used as values. Example Discard the integer part of 42.195. (= 42) MB342.195E

4 fpart

fpart value Returns only the fraction part of a decimal number. * A real number, a list, matrix, variable, or equation can be used as values. Example Discard the fraction part of 32.01. (= 0.01) MB432.01E
int value Rounds down a decimal number to the closest integer. Example Round down 34.56 to the nearest whole number. (= 34) MB534.56E

6 min(

min(list) Finds and returns the minimum value within a list of numbers. To define a list of more than two numbers, group the numbers with brackets (@ { and @ }), with each element separated by a comma. Example Find the smallest value among 4, 5, and -9. MB6@{4,5,_9 @})E

7 max(

max(list) Finds and returns the maximum value within a list of numbers. Example Find the largest value among 4, 5, and -9. MB7@{4,5,_9 @})E

8 lcm(

lcm(natural number, natural number) Returns the least common multiple of two integers. Example Find the least common multiple of 12 and 18. MB812,18)E

9 gcd(

gcd(natural number, natural number) Returns the greatest common divisor of two integers. Example Find the greatest common divisor of 16 and 36. MB916,36)E

0 remain

natural number remain natural number Returns the remainder of a division.
Example Obtain the remainder when 123 is divided by 5. 123MB05 E
Use the PROB sub-menu items for probability calculations. 1 random random [(number of trial)] Returns a random decimal number between 0 and 1. Example Make a list with three random numbers. Note: Set the FSE to Fix and TAB to 0. @{MC 1 | 100 , M C 1 | 100 , M C 1 | 100 @ } E Note: The random functions (random, rndInt(, rndCoin, and rndDice) will generate different numbers every time when the display is redrawn. Therefore, the table values of the random functions will be different every time. When in case of random-based graphing calculations, the tracing values and other parameters of the graph will not match the graph's visual representation. rndInt(minimum value, maximum value [, number of trial]) Returns a specified number of random integers, between a minimum and a maximum value. Example Produce eight random integers, ranging between values of 1 and 6. MC21,6,3)E * Minimum value: 0 xmin 1010 Maximum value: 0 xmax 1010 Number of trial: 1 n 999

1. Press @ ,. The substitution feature screen will appear. The equation on which the cursor pointer is located and its variables are displayed on the right of the screen. If variables (characters) contain no values, the graph is not drawn. If independent memories A to C contain any numeric values, the graph is drawn based on these values. * If the equation (in this example, Y1) on which the cursor is located contains no variables, the substitution feature screen will not appear.
2. Press 2 E. (2 is input to A.) The graph for Y1 = 2X2 is drawn. (Since B and C have no values, they are ignored.) At this time, the graph for Y2 is also drawn. Y2 also uses variable A which is used in Y1. Therefore, the drawing of the graph for Y2 is also valid. * If you need to draw only the graph for Y2, it is necessary to change variables (characters) or make the graph drawing for Y1 invalid. 3. Press 1 E. (1 is input to B.) The graph is changed from Y1 = 2X2 to Y1 = 2X2 + 1X. 4. Press _ 3 E. (-3 is input to C.) Now, the graph for Y1 = 2X2 + 1X 3 is drawn on the screen.
Next, change variable A from 2 to 5 and see how the graph changes. 1. Press { { 5 E. (The cursor is moved from C to A and 5 is input.) The slope of the graph becomes sharp. * Move the cursor accordingly and substitute other numeric values for variables to view how the graph changes. * The trace function cannot be used in the substitution feature. (When U is pressed, the full-screen graph will appear.)

Chapter 5

Advanced Calculations Advanced Keyboard
Note: To try the examples in the chapter, it is required that the Advanced Keyboard is already set up by the user. To learn how to set up the Advanced Keyboard, read Changing the Keyboard in Chapter 1.
The Mendocino Tree, a coast redwood growing in Montgomery Woods State Reserve in California, is known to be the tallest living tree in the world. You are to find out how tall the tree is by using the following factors: The distance from you to the bottom of the tree is exactly 505.8 feet, and the tree stands vertically. The angle of elevation between the top and the bottom of the tree is 36 degrees
If the base length of the right triangle is 505.8 feet, and the angle of elevation is 36 degrees, then the following expression can be derived: the height of the Mendocino tree (ft.) = 505.8 ft. tan(36) CONCEPT 1. Verify/change the calculators angle unit. 2. Use the calculators trigonometric function key on the Advanced keyboard to enter/perform the calculation.
Chapter 5: Advanced Calculations Advanced Keyboard
PROCEDURE 1. Since the angle of elevation is measured in degrees, the calculators angle setting will need to be matched with that. Press @ ; to bring up the SETUP menu. 2. On the right side of the SETUP menu, the current setup will be displayed. Make sure that the top line is indicated as Deg (i.e., degrees). If not, then the angle system will need to be changed. Press B to select B DRG, then press 1 to select 1 Deg. 3. Now, lets work on the actual calculation part. Press the # key to enter the Calculation screen, and press C to clear any screen entries. 4. Press 505.8 | t 36. Press E to execute the calculation.

Advanced keyboard specific submenus 7 Inflec
Calculates the inflection point of the given graph and moves the cursor to that point. Example 1. Enter the graph equation Y1 = x3 3x2 + 2. 2. Press @ k 7.

6. Format Setting

You can set up the Graph screen format from the FORMAT menu. Press @ f to display the Graph format menu. Advanced keyboard specific sub-menus Note: G TYPE appears only when the sequence coordinate graph mode is selected. Displays the current FORMAT settings. The default setting is: OFF OFF ON OFF RectCoord B EXPRES (for the graph equation to be displayed on the graph) (for displaying numeric derivatives on the graph) (for displaying the X/Y axis on the graph) (for displaying a grid on the graph) (for displaying the cursor location)

F CURSOR

The coordinate system that indicates. The location selected by the trace or other function can be selected from 1 RectCoord (Rectangular coordinates) or 2 PolarCoord (Polar coordinates) (In the parametric system, the T indication is added.) This menu is only active when the sequence coordinate graph mode is selected in the SETUP menu. The G TYPE menu will not appear in the other modes. 1 Web 2 Time A web graph plot mode where x = u(n-1) and y = u(n). Time graph plot mode where x = n and y = u(n), v(n), w(n). (default) A uv mode where x = u(n) and y = v(n). A uw mode where x = u(n) and y = w(n). A vw mode where x = v(n) and y = w(n). u(n), v(n) and w(n) indicate the n-th term of the sequences.

G TYPE

3 uv 4 uw 5 vw Note:

7. Zoom Functions

Displays the ZOOM menu. Within the ZOOM menu, various preferences can be set for the graph appearance on zooming in and out.
Advanced keyboard specific submenus
See Chapter 4 Basic Graphing Features Basic Keyboard on pages 53 to 56 for details of the other menu items and their submenu items.
D EXP 2ex 4 In X Use this tool when the equation contains a form of ex. Use this tool when the equation contains a form of In x.
E TRIG 4 sin1 X Use this when the equation contains an arc sine function. Use this when the equation contains an arc cosine function. Use this when the equation contains an arc tangent function.

06 pdf2(

pdf2(value, degree of freedom) Finds the probability density of a specified value x for the 2 distribution with n degrees of freedom. A list cannot be used. Limitations: Degree of freedom 141 Degree of freedom is a positive real number. Example Find the probability density of 2 distribution with 15 degrees of freedom when x = 6.5.

07 cdf2(

cdf2(lower limit, upper limit, degree of freedom) Finds the 2 distribution probability of a specified range of x for the 2 distribution with n degrees of freedom. A list cannot be used. Degree of freedom is a positive real number. Example Find the probability of range x = 3 to 15 for the 2 distribution with 10 degrees of freedom.

08 pdfF(

pdfF(value, degree of freedom of numerator, degree of freedom of denominator) Finds the probability density of a specified value x for the F distribution that possesses two independent degrees of freedom, m and n. A list cannot be used. Limitations: Degree of freedom 70 Degree of freedom is a positive real number. An error may occur when an extremely large number is entered for degrees of freedom. Example Find the probability density for the F distribution generated with degrees of freedom 15 and 10 when x = 3.

09 cdfF(

cdfF(lower limit, upper limit, degree of freedom of numerator, degree of freedom of denominator) Finds the F distribution probability of a specified range x for the F distribution with two independent degrees of freedom, m and n. A list cannot be used. Limitations: Degree of freedom 670 Degree of freedom is a positive real number. An error may occur when an extremely large number is entered for degree of freedom. Example Find the probability of the range x = 0 to 2.5 for the F distribution generated with degrees of freedom 15 and 10.

10 pdfbin(

pdfbin(trial number, success probability [, success number])) Finds the probability density of a specified value x for the binomial distribution. A list cannot be used except for success numbers. When the success number is not specified, the calculation is executed by entering values from 0 to the trial number and displays the list. Limitations: Success probability is 0 p 1. Example Find the probability density for 15 trials with x = 7, for the binomial distribution with success probability of 30%.

The following CALC functions, 08 Bal, 09 Prn and 10 Int require the values of I%, PV and PMT variables. Enter the values beforehand in the TVMSOLVER function. Example using the 08 and 10 calculations You plan to purchase a house for the price of $300,000. The down payment is $100,000. Calculate the monthly payments for a 30year loan at an annual interest rate of 5% for the remaining $200,000. 08 Bal ( Bal (number of payments [, decimal place to round]) Calculates loan balance. Calculate the loan balance after 15 years (180 months).

09 Prn (

Prn (initial number of payments, end number of payments [, decimal place to round]). Calculates the principal amount of the total payments. Compare the principal amount of the total payments after 5 (1 to 60 months) and 10 years (61 to 120 months).

10 Int (

Int (Initial number of payments, end number of payments [, decimal place to round]) Calculates the sum of the interest on the payments. Compare the sum of the interest on the payment sum after 5 years and 10 years.
Conversion functions 11 Apr ( Apr (effective interest rate, number of settlements) Converts effective interest rate to nominal interest rate Example If the effective interest rate is 12.55%, how much is the nominal interest rate for the quarterly compound interest? If the monthly compound interest rate is 10.5%, how much is the nominal interest rate? 12 Eff ( Eff (nominal interest rate, number of settlements) Converts nominal interest rate to effective interest rate Example If the annual (nominal) interest rate is 8%, how much is the effective interest rate for monthly compound interest? How much is it over half a year? 13 days ( days (start month.day year, end month.day year) days (day month.year, day month.year) Calculates the number of days between dates entered (within the range of 1950 to 2049) Year, month, and day must be entered in 2-digit form. For example, enter 02 for 2002. Calculate the number of days from September 1, 1997 to December 31, 2004.

3. VARS Menu

The VARS menu consist of a list of the variables used for the TVM-SOLVER functions. The VARS menu can be used to enter values in the sub-menu within the Finance menu. 1. Press @ g D. 2. The VARS sub-menu will appear. 3. Select the appropriate variable to use. The variables in the VARS sub-menu are the same as those of the TVM-SOLVER feature. How to recall the content of N How to recall the content of I% How to recall the content of PV How to reenter the value 1. Press # @ g D 1 E. 2. Press @ g D 2 E.

3. Recalling a Previously Saved Equation
To recall a stored SOLVER equation: 1. Go to the SOLVER menu, and press B to select the B EQTN sub-menu. 2. A list of saved equation names appears in the submenu. Select the equation you wish to call back. 3. Press E. The stored equation is called back. Note: Any changes unsaved prior to recalling will be lost. Also be aware that any changes to the recalled equation will not be retained unless saved manually.

Chapter 13

Programming Features
The calculator has programming features that enable automatic processing of a series of calculations any number of times. * The Programming features are only supported by the Advanced mode. In the Basic mode, only the execution of programs is available. Almost all the calculation and graphing language can be used in programs as well as the usual control flow statements such as If, For, While and Goto (with Label). Please note that complex numbers cannot be used in programming.
Display a message HELLO WORLD on the display.

Creating a new program

1. Press P. The program menu screen will appear. A EXEC B EDIT C NEW Executes the selected program Opens a stored program file. Creates a new program file
* In the Basic mode, only the A EXEC menu item will appear.
Chapter 13: Programming Features
2. Press C E. A new program window will open. 3. Input the program name (HELLO) on the top line of the screen. Up to 8 characters can be used for the title. 4. Press E. 5. The cursor will move to the program input field just under the title. Starting programming 6. Press P. The program menu will open. The commands and other statements are preinstalled in the calculator. Do not directly type in commands using the Alphabetical mode, select each command from the program menu. Note: Press @ j, and you can access all the available commands at once. 7. Select A 1. 8. Press P. 9. Select A 2. The characters following a double quotation mark can be manipulated as text. No double quotation mark is required to close the text. Entering the alphabetical input lock mode 10. Press @. to enter the alphabetic lock mode. 11. Type HELLO WORLD. Up to 160 alphanumeric characters can be input per line. (Strings of up to 158 characters maximum can be entered per line excluding commands, because each command is regarded as a single character.

12. TOOL menus

@ V N BASE/SYSTEM/POLY

NBASE No arguments No arguments No arguments No arguments No arguments

AE B2 B3 B4 B5

Functions Commands 3 No arguments No arguments No arguments

B6 C2 C3

13. SOLVER menus
@ ' (in the Solver mode) METHOD/EQTN/SAVE/RENAME
Equation Newton Graphic EQTN SAVE RENAME No arguments No arguments No arguments No arguments No arguments No arguments

A1 A2 A3 B CE D

200 200
: (colon).. 134, 214 (n-1)-based (Web), sequence.. 90 , PRGM... 207 1_Stats, CALC.. 150 2nd Function key.. 18 2ndF key.. 5, 8, 18 2x, CALC... 71 2_Stats, CALC.. 150 10x... test, TEST... 166 Int(, CALC... 191 Prn(, CALC... 191 Apr(, CALC... 192 Eff(, CALC.. 192 Battery, inserting.. 2 Battery, replacing the.. 228 Binary, NBASE.. 81 Blank line, programming.. 205 Box plot, Graph type.. 155 Box, ZOOM... 54 Braces... 40 BRNCH menu, Programming.. 209, 214 Broken line plot, Graph type.. 154 BS key... 6
CALC... 42, 60, 70 CALC function.. 93 CALC functions, financial.. 189 CALC key... 5 CALC menu, STAT.. 150 CALC, MATH.. 70 Calculation screen, entering the.. 11 CATALOG... 41 cdfbin(, DISTRI... 181 cdfF(, DISTRI.. 180 cdfgeo(, DISTRI.. 182 cdfnorm(, DISTRI.. 177 cdfpoi(, DISTRI... 182 cdfT(, DISTRI.. 179 cdf2(, DISTRI.. 179 Circle(, DRAW.. 108 CL key... 6 CLIP key.. 6 ClrDraw, DRAW.. 102 ClrG, SCRN... 209 ClrList, OPE... 159 ClrT, SCRN... 209 Combination... 48 Comma.. 38 Command, programming.. 207 Common math function keys.. 21 Comparison operand, program.. 206 Complex conjugate, COMPLX. 78 Complex number.. 78 Complex number, available keys.. 80 Complex number, calculation.. 79 COMPLX, MATH.. 78 compound interest.. 186 Cumulative sum, CALC.. 72 conj(, COMPLX.. 78 Connect, FORMAT.. 212
A-LOCK key.. 5 abs(... 43 abs(, COMPLX... 79 abs(, NUM... 73 Absolute value... 43 absolute value, COMPLX.. 79 Advanced keyboard.. 66 Advanced Mode.. iii, 7, 9 ALPHA key... 5, 8, 19 and, LOGIC.. 77 ANGLE... 49 ANGLE, MATH... 76 ANOVA(, CALC... 152 ANS key... 40 ANSWER.. 26 Answer mode, changing the.. 12 Arc cosine... 69 Arc sine.. 69 Arc tangent... 69 arg(, COMPLX... 79 augment(, OPE.. 126, 138 Auto, SIMPLE.. 27 Auto, TABLE... 100 Auto, ZOOM.. 53 AXIS, FORMAT.. 63, 95 AxisOFF, FORMAT.. 212 AxisON, FORMAT.. 212
Bal(, CALC.. 191 Basic keyboard.. 31, 50 Basic Mode.. ii, 7, 9
CONV... 48 CONV, MATH... 74 Conversion.. 48 Conversion keys, fraction and decimal. 36 Conversion, coordinates.. 74 COORD... 26 COPY menu, programming.. 216 cos... 42 cos-1 X, TRIG... 97 cosecant, CALC... 72 cosh X, HYP... 97 cosh, CALC.. 72 cosh-1 X, HYP.. 97 cosh-1, CALC... 73 cosine... 68 cot-1... 72 cotangent, CALC.. 72 csc-1... 72 cumul, OPE.. 126, 137 cumulative matrix.. 126 CURR, SLIDE SHOW.. 118 Cursor... 15, 16 Cursor appearance.. 16 Cursor key.. 6 Cursor navigation.. 17 CURSOR, FORMAT.. 96

dim(, OPE... 125, 136 DispG, SCRN.. 209 Display contrast, adjusting.. 3 Display screen.. 5 Display, clear the.. 11 DispT, SCRN... 209 DISTRI menu, STAT.. 177 Distribution functions, statistics.. 177 Dot, FORMAT.. 212 DRAW... 61 DRAW function.. 102 DRAW key.. 5 Draw, DRAW.. 107 DrawInv, DRAW.. 108 DrawOFF, ON/OFF.. 111 DrawON, ON/OFF.. 111 DRG.. 25 Derivative, CALC.. 71
EDIT, SLIDE SHOW.. 118 Editing mode... 17 EDITOR... 26 Else, BRNCH... 214 End, PRGM... 208 EndIf, BRNCH.. 214 Eng... 25 Eng, SETUP... 211 ENTER key.. 6, 33 ENTRY key... 41 Equality.. 76 Equation... 26 Equation method, SOLVER.. 194 Equation mode... 17 Equation, recalling a.. 201 Equation, renaming a.. 200 Equation, saving a.. 200 EQVARS, VARS.. 217 Error codes... 235 Error messages.. 28 Euler number... 246 ex... 69 ex, EXP... 97 EXP, ZOOM.. 55, 97 Exponent... 38 EXPRES, FORMAT.. 63, 95 ExprOFF, FORMAT.. 211 ExprON, FORMAT.. 211
d/dx(, CALC.. 71 Data list operation, statistics.. 159 days(, CALC.. 192 Debugging, program.. 219 Dec, ZOOM.. 54 Decimal (Real)... 26 Decimal... 49, 74 Decimal, NBASE.. 81 Decimal, SETUP... 211 Default, ZOOM.. 54 Deg... 25 Deg, SETUP... 210 Degree... 49, 74 Degree, angle... 49 DEL key... 6 DEL, SLIDE SHOW... 119 Delete files.. 224 det, MATH... 129 df_list, OPE... 137 Differential, CALC.. 71
FACTOR, ZOOM.. 55 Factorial... 48 Factorial, PROB.. 74 fill(, OPE.. 125, 136 FINANCE key... 7 Financial features.. 183 Fix... 25 Fix, SETUP.. 211 FloatPt... 25 FloatPT, SETUP.. 211 Flow control, programming.. 214 Flow diagram, financial.. 183 fmax(, CALC... 71 fmin(, CALC.. 71 For, BRNCH... 215 FORMAT... 63 FORMAT key... 5 FORMAT menu, programming.. 211 Format setting.. 95 fpart.. 44 Fraction calculation keys.. 7, 20, 35 Fraction, entering.. 11 Frequency, setting the.. 147 FSE... 25 Ftest2samp, TEST.. 167
Hard cover, using the.. 3 Hexadecimal, NBASE.. 81 Histogram, Graph type... 153 HYP, ZOOM.. 97 Hyperbolic cosine, CALC.. 72 Hyperbolic sine, CALC.. 72 Hyperbolic tangent, CALC.. 72 H_line, DRAW.. 105
I/O menu, programming.. 209 identity, OPE.. 126 If, BRNCH... 214 image(, COMPLX... 79 Imaginary part, COMPLX.. 79 imaginary number... 70 Improp, SETUP.. 211 Improp (Real)... 26 In, ZOOM... 54 INEQ, MATH... 76 Inequality... 76 Infinite loop, programming.. 220 Inflec, CALC... 94 INITIAL, SHADE... 114 Input method... 16 Input, PRGM.. 207 INS key... 6 Insert mode... 17 int... 44 Int, NUM... 73 Int, ZOOM... 54 Integer... 44 Integer division keys.. 7, 37 Integer division.. 20, 37 Integral, CALC... 71 Intsct, CALC... 60 Inverse cotangent, CALC.. 72 Inverse cosecant, CALC.. 72 Inverse hyperbolic cosine, CALC.. 73 Inverse hyperbolic sine, CALC. 73 Inverse hyperbolic tangent, CALC.. 73 Inverse secant, CALC.. 72 InvNorm(, DISTRI.. 178 ipart... 44 ipart, NUM... 73 Irr(, CALC... 190

Root... 39, 70 round(... 44 round(, NUM.. 73 Rounded value... 44 rowEF, MATH... 129 row_m.p.(, OPE.. 127 row_mult(, OPE.. 127 row_plus(, OPE.. 127 row_swap(, OPE... 127 rrowEF, MATH.. 129
Saving a equation.. 200 Scatter diagram, Graph type.. 156 Sci... 25 Sci, SETUP.. 211 Screen contrast, adjusting the.. 222 SCRN menu, programming.. 209 sec-1.. 72 secant, CALC.. 72 Second, angle... 49 SELECT menu, OPTION.. 225 SELECT, SLIDE SHOW.. 118 Send, I/O.. 209 Seq... 26 seq(, OPE.. 137 Sequen, FORMAT.. 212 Sequential coordinate system, TABLE. 100 Sequential coordinate system, WINDOW. 98 SET, SHADE.. 114 SetList, OPE.. 159 SETUP key.. 6, 24 SETUP menu.. 25, 83 SETUP menu, programming.. 210 Sexagesimal... 48 SHADE, DRAW.. 114 Shade(, DRAW.. 107 Simp key... 35 SIMPLE.. 27 simple interest.. 186 Simul, FORMAT.. 212 sin... 42 sin-1 X, TRIG... 97 sine... 68 sinh X, HYP.. 97 sinh, CALC... 72 sinh-1 X, HYP... 97 sinh-1, CALC... 73
SLIDE SHOW.. 115 SLIDE SHOW key.. 6 SLIDE SHOW menu... 118 slv_FV, CALC.. 189 slv_I%, CALC.. 189 slv_N, CALC.. 189 slv_pmt, CALC... 189 slv_PV, CALC.. 189 SOLVER feature... 194 SOLVER, equation method.. 194 SOLVER function, Financial.. 185 SOLVER, graphic method.. 198 SOLVER, Newtons method.. 196 SOLVER key.. 7 sortA(, OPE.. 135, 159 sortD(, OPE.. 135, 159 Specifications.. 233 SPLIT... 58 SPLIT key... 5 Square... 37 Square, ZOOM... 54 Standard deviation.. 141 STAT menu... 149 STAT menu key... 7, 23 STAT PLOT key.. 6 STAT, VARS.. 217 Stat, ZOOM... 54 Statistical graph functions. 157 Statistical graph, plotting on/off.. 157 Statistical graph, specifying.. 157 Statistical graph, trancing the. 158 Statistical hypothesis testing.. 165 Statistics... 145 Statistics, graphing.. 153 Statistics, opening the list table.. 145 Statistics, plotting.. 147 Statistics features.. 149 stdDv(, MATH.. 141 STO key... 38 STO, ZOOM.. 56 StoGD, G_DATA.. 112 StoLD, L_DATA.. 142 StoPict, PICT... 113 STOWIN, VARS.. 217 SUB key.. 5, 63 Substitution... 63 Substitution feature (Advanced).. 114 sum(, MATH... 140
SYSTEM, TOOL... 82 S_PLOT menu, programming.. 213
TAB... 26 Tab, SETUP... 211 TABLE key... 5, 53 TABLE, VARS... 217 Table, editing the list.. 144 Table, entering the list.. 143 Table, List.. 143 Table, setting a.. 100 Tables... 99 tan... 43 tan-1 X, TRIG... 97 tangent... 68 tanh X, HYP.. 97 tanh, CALC... 72 tanh-1 X, HYP... 97 tanh-1, CALC... 73 TBLSET key... 5 TEST menu, STAT.. 165 Text(, DRAW.. 109 Then, BRNCH.. 214 Time, SETUP... 210 Time, TYPE... 96 Tint1samp, TEST.. 170 Tint2samp, TEST.. 170 TOOL key... 7 TOOL menu... 81 TRACE... 57 TRACE key... 5 Trace function, statistical graph.. 158 trans, MATH... 129 TRIG, ZOOM.. 56, 97 Trigonometric keys. 7, 20, 21, 68, 69 Trouble shooting... 231 Ttest1samp, TEST.. 167 Ttest2samp, TEST.. 168 TtestLinreg, TEST.. 169 TYPE, FORMAT... 96 T_line(, DRAW.. 106
User, TABLE.. 101 uv, SETUP.. 210 uv, TYPE... 96 uw, SETUP... 210
uw, TYPE... 96 Zoom Functions.. 96 Ztest1prop, TEST.. 173 Ztest1samp, TEST.. 171 Ztest2prop, TEST.. 173 Ztest2samp, TEST.. 172

3 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900
PARALLEL AND PERPENDICULAR LINES
1. Enter the equations Y1 = 3X + 1 and Y2 = 3X + 2 by pressing Y= x CL 3

ENTER CL

2. Press ZOOM
A (ZOOM) 5 (Default) to view the graphs.
3. These lines are called parallel since they have an equal slope but different y-intercepts. These lines will not intersect. 4. Enter the equations Y1 = 3X - 1 and Y2 = -1/3 X + 1 by pressing Y= CL + 1. 3 x 1 ENTER CL ( - ) 1 a/b 3 x 5. Press ZOOM A 7 to view the graphs.
6. These line are called perpendicular since they have slopes that are negative reciprocals of each other (m1 = -1/m2). Notice, these intersecting lines form four equal angles. 7. Graph two lines with unequal slopes (not negative reciprocals). What do you see? Are the lines parallel, perpendicular or neither?
4 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Graphing and translations of quadratic equations
1. Turn the calculator on and press Y=. Press CL to remove an old Y1 expression. Press ENTER CL to remove an old Y2 expression. x2.
2. To enter the quadratic equation ( y = x 2 ) for Y1, press x Enter the viewing window range by pressing ZOOM

A (Zoom) 7 (Dec).

3. When 2 is added to x 2, the resulting equation is y = x 2 + 2. Enter this function for Y2 by pressing Y= What does the addition of 2 do? x x2 + 2. Press GRAPH.
4. When -2 is added to x2, the resulting equation is y = x 2 2. To change Y2 for this expression, press Y= What does the addition of -2 do? CL x xENTER GRAPH.
5 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

EVALUATING A FUNCTION

1. For example, to evaluate f(x)=x2 -2x + 3 for x=3, you will enter the function for Y1 by pressing Y= CL x xx + 3. Be sure to clear any other expressions. 2. Press 2ndF QUIT CL to return to and clear the calculation screen.
3. To evaluate the function at x = 3, first store 3 into the X variable by pressing 3 STO x ENTER. VARS A 1
4. Evaluate the function stored in Y1 at 3 by pressing 2ndF ENTER.
5. Another way to evaluate a function for several values is using the Sharps table feature. Press TABLE to view a table of values.
6. You can customize the table by pressing 2ndF

TBLSET. You can set

the tables minimum x value (TBLStrt) to another value than zero, and you can change the tables increment value (TBLStep) from 1 to another value.
6 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS

1. Press Y= and clear old expressions. 2. Enter the functions for Y1 and Y2. For example, enter f(x)=2x + 1 for Y1 and g(x)=x2 for Y2 by moving the cursor to Y1 and pressing press to move the cursor to Y2, and press x 2 x + 1 , x2.

3. Press

CL to return to and clear the calculation screen. STO
4. To evaluate (f+g)(4), first store 4 into the X variable by pressing 4 x ENTER. 2ndF VARS A 1 (Y1) +
5. Evaluate (f+g)(4) by pressing VARS (f/g)(x). 2
(Y2) ENTER. This can be repeated for (f-g)(x), (fg)(x), and
6. Another way to conduct an operation on functions and evaluate it for a value is to use Y3. Press Y= and enter the operation (f-g)(x) into Y3 by pressing 2ndF QUIT VARS VARS 1 (Y1) 2ndF VARS 2 (Y2). Press 2ndF CL to return to and clear the calculation screen. Press 2ndF ) 3 Y3 ( 4 ENTER.
7 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS

1. Press Y= and clear old expressions. 2. Enter the two functions to be composed for Y1 and Y2. For example, enter y=x21 for Y1 by pressing x x2 + pressing x 1 ENTER. 1 ENTER and y=x+1 for Y2 by
3. Enter the composition of Y2 into Y1 for Y3 by pressing 2ndF 1 (Y1) ( 2ndF VARS 2 (Y2) ) ENTER.
4. Keep Y1 and Y2 graphs from appearing by deselecting Y1 and Y2. Do this by pressing A 7 A ENTER ENTER.

5. Press ZOOM

7 (Dec) to view the composition of Y2 into Y1 in the

decimal window.

6. Change the Y3 composition to Y1 in Y2 by pressing Y= 2ndF VARS 2 (Y2) ( 2ndF VARS 1 (Y1) ). 7. Press ZOOM
(Decimal) to view the composition of Y1 into Y2 in

the decimal window.

8 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

FORMULAS

1. Press 2ndF QUIT CL to return to and clear the calculation screen. 2. To evaluate the formula for the area of a trapezoid (Area=(h/2)(a+b), where h is the height between the two bases (a and b) for different values, you must first type in the formula. For example, to enter the area formula for a ) ( ALPHA H 2 ALPHA A + trapezoid, press ( ) ALPHA B ENTER. 3. Now, store the values for h, a, and b into the calculator. Use h=1, a=2, and b=3. Store these by pressing STO ALPHA A ENTER STO STO ALPHA B H ENTER ENTER. 2 ALPHA
4. Clear the screen by pressing CL. Recall the formula by pressing 2ndF ENTRY four times. Press ENTER to evaluate the formula for the stored values.
5. Change the height to 4 by pressing 4 Recall the formula by pressing 2ndF

ENTER.

ENTRY two times and press
ENTER to re-evaluate the formula for the new value.
9 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

GRAPHING CIRCLES

1. Press Y= and clear old expressions. Press ZOOM clear viewing window. A 7 to view a
2. To graph the circle in the form (xh)2 + (yk)2 = r2, you will use the circle drawing feature. For example, in the circle (x3)2 + (y2)2 = 12, h=3, k=2 and r=1. Press 2ndF DRAW A 9 (Circle). Move the cursor right to an h of x=3 by pressing k of y=2 by pressing center point.

repeatedly until x=3. Move the cursor up to a
3. Move the cursor the length of the radius in one direction away from the center. In the example use the arrow key. Move the cursor 1 unit away from the center and press ENTER. The circle will be drawn with the cursor appearing at the point in the circle to which you moved.
4. If the circle will not completely appear in the viewing window, zoom out on the decimal window to a larger window, because any other windows may distort the circle. Draw the circle again in the larger window. 10 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900
repeatedly until y=2. Press ENTER to set the

ZOOMING TO FIND ROOTS

1. Turn the calculator on and press Y=. Y prompts will appear on the viewing window. Press CL to remove old Y expressions. Setup the calculator with rectangular coordinates and the equation editor mode by pressing 2ndF SET UP E (COORD) 1 (Rect) G (EDITOR) and 1 (Equation). Press CL to exit the menu and return to the Y prompts. 2. To enter the polynomial y = 3x 2 + x + 1, press () + 1. 3 x x2 + x
3. Press ZOOM A (Zoom) 7 (Dec) to establish the decimal viewing window
and view the graph. Press TRACE to engage the trace feature. Press move the cursor near the left-hand root.

4. Press ZOOM

A (ZOOM) 3 (In) to zoom in on the left- hand root.
Press TRACE and move the tracer to approximate the root. 5. Press ZOOM G (RCL) 2 (PreWin) to return to the decimal viewing window. Press TRACE and move the tracer to find the right-hand root. 6. Press ZOOM A (ZOOM) 3 (In) to zoom in. Press TRACE and move the tracer to approximate the root.
11 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

JUMPING TO FIND ROOTS

1. Press Y= CL to return to and clear the Y1 prompt. 5 x x2. To enter the polynomial y = 5x 2 3x + 1, press () x + 1.
3. View the graph in the decimal viewing window by pressing ZOOM A (ZOOM) 7 (Dec).
4. Press TRACE and move cursor to the left of the left-hand root. Press 2ndF CALC to view the calculate menu. 5. Press 5 (X_Incpt) to find the left-hand root. 6. Press 2ndF CALC 5 (X_Incpt) to find the next root.

12 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

INEQUALITIES

1. To solve 3(4 2x) 5 x, rewrite it as 3(4 2x) 5 + x 0 and determine the values of x where the function y = 3(4 2x) 5 + x is on or above the x-axis. 2. To do this, press Y= CL and enter 3(4 2x) 5 + X in the Y1 location. A (ZOOM)
3. Set the viewing window of the graph by pressing ZOOM
5 (Default). You should be able to clearly view the x-intercept.
4. Locate the x-intercept at the point (1.4, 0) by pressing 2ndF 5 (X_Incpt).

CALC and

5. Since the graph is above the x-axis, to the left of the x-intercept, the solution to the inequality 3(4 2x) 5 + x 0 is all values of x such that x 1.4.
13 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900
1. To solve the inequality 3(4 2x) 5 x, press Y= Y1 and 5 X for Y2. 2. Set the viewing window by pressing ZOOM A (ZOOM) 5 (Default). CL , enter 3(4 2X) for
3. Next, shade the set of points that make the inequality true by pressing 2ndF DRAW G (SHADE) 1 (Set) to access the Set Shade screen. Since the inequality you are solving is Y1 Y2 the solution is where the graph of Y1 is on the top and Y2 is "on the bottom." Do this by pressing 2ndF VARS A ENTER 2

2ndF VARS ENTER

1. Press GRAPH to view the

shaded region.

4. Press 2ndF CALC
2 (Intsct) to find where the graphs intersect.
5. Since the shaded region is to the left of x = 1.4, the solution to the inequality 3(4 2x) 5 x is all values of x such that x 1.4. 6. Turn off the shading by pressing 2ndF DRAW G (SHADE) 2 (INITIAL).
14 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

DOUBLE INEQUALITIES

1. The inequality -1 2x is commonly referred to as a double inequality. 2. Clear any previously entered functions by pressing Y= 3. Enter Y1 = -1, Y2 = 2X 5, and Y3 = 7. 4. Press ZOOM A (ZOOM) 5 (Default) to view the line y = 2x 5 between the lines y = -1 and y = 7. CL.
5. Press 2ndF CALC 2 (Intsct) to find the point of intersection of the lines y = 2x 5 and y = -1 at (2, -1). Press to move the tracer to the y = 7 line. Press 2ndF CALC 2 (Intsct) to find y = 2x 5 and y = 7 at (6, 7).
6. The solution to the double inequality -1 2x consists of all values of x in between, and including, 2 and 6 (i.e., x 2 and x 6). The solution is 2 x 6.
15 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900
SOLVING A SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS

3. Press 2ndF DRAW G (SHADE) 1 (SET) 2ndF VARS A ENTER 1 (Y1) 2ndF VARS ENTER 2 (Y2). 4. View the graph by pressing ZOOM A (ZOOM) 7 (Dec).

5. Press 2ndF CALC

2 (Intsct) repeatedly, to locate the x-values of the points of intersection, x = -1.281, -0.781, 0.781, and 1.281. The solution is all
values of x such that x -1.281 or -0.781 x 0.781 or x 1.281. 6. Turn off the shading by pressing 2ndF DRAW G (SHADE) 2 (INITIAL).
20 Advanced Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

CONIC SECTIONS

Steps for graphing a parabola in rectangular mode
1. Graph the parabola x = y by first rewriting as y = (x + 2). 2. Press Y= CL to clear the Y1 prompt. Press ENTER CL to clear
additional prompts. Enter (x + 2) in Y1 with the keystrokes 2ndF X//T/n + 2. 3. Press ENTER and enter -Y1 = - (x + 2) in Y2 with the key strokes () VARS A (EQVARS) ENTER 1 (Y1). 4. View the graph by pressing ZOOM A (ZOOM) 7 (Dec).
Steps for graphing a parabola in parametric mode
1. Change to parametric mode by pressing 2ndF 2 (Param). Press 2ndF 2. Press Y= SET UP E (COORD)
QUIT to exit the set-up screen.
CL to clear the X1T prompt. To rewrite x = y in parametric xENTER.
form, simply let y = T and substitute in x = y to obtain x = T2 2. Enter X1T = Tin the calculator by pressing X//T/n Enter Y1T = T by pressing X//T/n. 3. View the graph by pressing ZOOM A (ZOOM) 7 (Dec).
4. Notice that only a half of the parabola is drawn. To see the rest of the parabola, press WINDOW and adjust the Tmin. Set Tmin to -6 by pressing () 6 ENTER. Press GRAPH to view the complete parabola.
5. Change the calculator back to rectangular mode by pressing 2ndF SET UP E (COORD) 1 (Rect).
21 Advanced Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900
CONIC SECTIONS (continued)
Steps for graphing a circle in rectangular mode
1. To graph the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4, solve for y in terms of x. The result is y = 4 x2. 2. Press Y= CL to clear the Y1 prompt. Enter Y1 = (4 X2) by pressing 2ndF 4 X//T/n x2 ENTER and then enter Y2 = (4 X2) by pressing CL () 2ndF VARS A (EQVARS) ENTER A (XY) 1 (Y1). View the graph by pressing ZOOM A (ZOOM) 7 (Dec).
Steps for graphing a circle not in standard form
1. First solve the equation for y by completing the square on the y-term and solving for y. For example, draw the graph of the circle x 2 2x + y 2 + 4y = 2 by rewriting as y = (6 x 2 + 2x) 2. 2. Enter Y1 = (6 x 2 + 2x), Y2 = Yand Y3 = -Y1 2. Turn off Y1 so that it will not graph by pressing to move the blinking cursor to the Y1

(5.3x). When did maximum sales occur and what proportion of (x2 + 15)
people purchased the product at that time? 3. Press Y= 5
additional prompts. Enter f(x) in the Y1 location with the keystrokes a/b
4. Lets examine the graph for the first 25 days after the advertisement appeared. Press WINDOW , enter Xmin = 0, Xmax = 25, Xscl = 5, Ymin = 0, Ymax = 1, Yscl = 1. 5. Press GRAPH to view the graph.
6. When did maximum sales occur and what proportion of people purchased the product at that time? Press 2ndF proportion. CALC and 4 (Maximum) to find a maximum sales at x = 3.87 days with a 68%
10 Advanced Keyboard/CALCULUS USING THE SHARP EL-9900
SHADING AND CALCULATING AREAS REPRESENTED BY AN INTEGRAL

1. Find an estimate of

0 2x dx.
2. Integrate a function by pressing

MATH A (CALC) 0

3. Enter 0 for the lower limit. Press , input 1 for the upper limit, and press

. Next, press 2

X//T/n to input the integrand. Enter the dx by

pressing MATH

(dx). Press ENTER to compute.
4. Shade the region by first pressing Y=
CL to access and clear the Y1 CL.
prompt. Clear additional prompts by pressing ENTER 5. Enter f(x) in Y1 with the keystrokes 2 A (ZOOM) 1 (Auto).

X//T/n. Press WINDOW and

enter Xmin = 0 and Xmax = 1. Draw the graph by pressing ZOOM
6. Shade the region by pressing 2ndF DRAW G (SHADE) and 1 (Set) to access the shading screen. 7. Since Y1= 2X is the function on the top, press to view the shaded region. 8. Turn off the shading by pressing 2ndF DRAW G (SHADE) 2 (INITIAL).
A (XY) 1. Leave the lower bound location empty. Press GRAPH
11 Advanced Keyboard/CALCULUS USING THE SHARP EL-9900

AREA BETWEEN CURVES

1. Calculate and draw a graph of the area of the region between f(x) = 5x x 2 + 12 and g(x) = ex + 5. 2. Return to and clear the Y prompts by pressing Y= prompts if necessary. 3. Input f(x) in Y1 with the keystrokes X//T/n X//T/n ex x2 + 1 CL. Clear additional
ENTER. Input g(x) in Y2 with the keystrokes 2ndF + 5.
4. Enter the viewing window -5 < x < 5 and -5 < y < 20. Your viewing window should clearly show the region between f(x) and g(x) and, if applicable, display the intersections of the functions. Press GRAPH to view the graphs.
5. Shade the region between the two curves by pressing 2ndF 2ndF VARS ENTER
G (SHADE) 1 (SET). Since Y2 is the function "on the bottom," press A (EQVARS) ENTER 2 (Y2) and since Y1 is the 1 (Y1). Press GRAPH function on the top," press 2ndF VARS ENTER to view the shaded region. 6. Next, find the limits of integration. Press 2ndF CALC 2 (Intsct). Do this
twice to obtain the x-coordinates of the two points of intersection. The points of intersection are x = -1.09 and x = 2.58. 7. Find the approximate area by pressing CL MATH A (CALC) 0 -1.09, press , enter 2.58, press ( ) enter , enter the function

5. Set the alternate hypothesis to > o by pressing Set the List to L1 by pressing 2ndF L1 ENTER. 6. Press 2ndF EXE to compute the statistical test.
Set the null hypothesis equal to 8 wins by pressing 8 ENTER.
7. The first item on the screen, >8, is the alternate hypothesis of the statistical test. The second item on the screen is the observed statistic from the sample. The third item on the screen is the decision statistic or p value. 8. The p value is.201, which is greater than.05. Our decision is to support the null hypothesis that =8. This test shows that "da Bears" average 8 wins a season and thus are.500 ball club. However, the fourth item shows that on the average, "da Bears" win approximately 8.56 games a season, which says they are winners.
17 Advanced Keyboard/STATISTICS USING THE SHARP EL-9900
STATISTICAL TESTS (continued)
Steps for performing a two-small-sample hypothesis test for the population means
1. Access the data entry screen and enter the additional data for L2. (Use the Bears data in L1.): L2 Packers 11
2. Check the data you have entered and correct any errors you may find. The data shown above reflects the number of wins for the Green Bay Packers in each complete regular season since 1978. Test the alternate hypothesis that "da Bears" are a better (on the average win more games) football team than the Packers during these recent years. 3. Set up the statistical test by pressing 2ndF (Ttest2samp). 4. Set the alternate hypothesis to 1 > 2 by pressing Set the List1 to L1 by pressing by pressing 2ndF L2 statistical test. 5. The first item on the screen, 1>2, is the alternate hypothesis of the statistical test. The second item is the observed statistic from the sample. The third item is decision statistic or p value. In our problem, the p value is.3119 which is more than.05. Our decision is to support the null hypothesis that 1=2. This test shows that "da Bears" average about the same number of wins a season as the Packers. However, the fifth and sixth values show, on the average, "da Bears" win approximately 8.56 games a season, whereas the Packers win 8.13. The Bears win more on the average, but statistically, they are not significantly different. 2ndF L1 QUIT STAT E (TEST)
Pool the standard deviations in the calculation by pressing ENTER. Press 2ndF
ENTER. Set List2 to L2 EXE to compute the
18 Advanced Keyboard/STATISTICS USING THE SHARP EL-9900
GRAPHS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Steps for graphing the sine function
1. Turn the calculator on and press Y=. 2. Press CL to remove an old Y1 expression. 3. Press CL to clear additional expressions. SET UP B (DRG) 2 (Rad)
4. To set up the calculator press 2ndF
E (COORD) 1 (Rect) G (EDITOR) and 1 (Equation). 5. Press 2ndF QUIT again to return to the Y prompts. X//T/n.

2. Change to degree mode by pressing 2ndF 1 (Deg). Press 2ndF
QUIT to exit the menu. sin-ENTER. The answer of 30
3. Find sin1 (.5) by pressing 2ndF is shown below.
To graph the inverse sine function in degrees:
1. Press Y= CL to access and clear the Y1 expression. CL to clear additional Y expressions. sin-1 X//T/n ENTER.

2. Press ENTER

3. Enter sin-1 x for Y1 by pressing 2ndF
4. Set your viewing window by pressing ZOOM 4 (sin x).
7 Advanced Keyboard/TRIGONOMETRY USING THE SHARP EL-9900
To compute the inverse sine function in radians:
1. Turn the calculator on and press home screen. 2. Change to radian mode by pressing 2ndF and 2 (Rad). Press 2ndF 3. Find sin-1 (.4), press 2ndF ENTER. SET UP B (DRG)
CL to access and clear the
QUIT to exit the menu. sin-ENTER. The answer of.4115 2ndF
radians is shown below. To find the result in terms of press
To graph the inverse cosine function in radians:
1. Press Y= CL to access and clear the Y1 prompt. cos-1 X//T/n ENTER.
2. Enter cos -1 x for Y1 by pressing 2ndF
3. Set your viewing window by pressing ZOOM 5 (cos x).
8 Advanced Keyboard/TRIGONOMETRY USING THE SHARP EL-9900
SOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS
To solve a trigonometric equation graphically using the zoom feature:
1. Turn the calculator on and press Y= B (DRG) and 1 (Deg). Press 2ndF CL to access and clear Y1 of an old SET UP QUIT to exit the menu. ( sin X//T/n
expression. Set the calculator to degree mode by pressing 2ndF
2. To find the solutions of 3sin2 x 4sin x + 1 = 0, press 3 ) a 2
3. Set your viewing window to the principal values for sine by pressing WINDOW () ENTER ENTER ENTER () ENTER 1 ENTER 1 ENTER. Press GRAPH to view the graph.
4. To save this original graph and viewing window, press ZOOM 1 (StoWin). 5. Set the zoom factors by pressing ZOOM ENTER 5

G (STO) and

B (FACTOR) ENTER
ENTER. Press GRAPH to exit the menu.
6. To find the left intercept press TRACE and move the cursor near this intercept by continuing to press the 7.
Now, press ZOOM A (ZOOM) and 3 (In) to zoom in on

plot will be drawn showing graphs of the left and right sides of the current
13 Advanced Keyboard/TRIGONOMETRY USING THE SHARP EL-9900

LAW OF COSINES

Use the Newton Solver with the Law of Cosines.
1. Access the SOLVER with 2ndF SOLVER (or press CL twice if you are still SOLVER A (METHOD) and
in the SOLVER). Press CL to delete the current equation. Return to the Equation Solver by pressing 2ndF 1 (Equation). 2. Next enter the Law of Cosines by pressing ALPHA ALPHA Y X cos x

ALPHA

ALPHA .
3. Store this equation in the calculator. 4. Given a triangle in which two sides of lengths 13 cm and 8 cm enclose a 50 angle. Find the length of the third side. 5. Press ENTER to view the list of variables. Press to position the cursor on X and enter 13. Next, enter 8 for Y and 50 for. Press to move the cursor over Z and press 0 6. Press 2ndF ENTER.
EXE to solve for Z. Notice that the SOLVER has automatically
changed to the Newton Solver. You should supply an initial estimate of the solution in the START position (0 is the default value) and a step size STEP (.001 is the default value). 7. Press 2ndF EXE to find the solution. (If you receive an error message, try
changing the START value or increasing the STEP value.) 8. Notice the left and right sides of the equation are displayed as equal values, and the L R = 0.
14 Advanced Keyboard/TRIGONOMETRY USING THE SHARP EL-9900

AREA OF A TRIANGLE

1. Set the calculator to operate in degrees with 2ndF and 1 (Deg). Press 2ndF SET UP B (DRG) QUIT to exit the set up screen. SOLVER , and press CL to delete
2. Access the SOLVER by pressing 2ndF any equation on the screen.
3. Type in the equation A = 2 BH with the keystrokes: ALPHA = a/b ALPHA B ALPHA H

4. Press 2ndF equation.

Equation solver. Press ENTER to see the list of variables for your
5. Find the area of a triangle with base = 4 and height = 8.35. Use to move the blinking cursor over B and type in 4. Type in 8.35 for H and press ENTER. Press twice to move the prompt to the A variable. Press 2ndF EXE to find the area of 16.7. SOLVER C (SAVE). Enter a name

QUIT to exit the set

SOLVER. Press CL to delete
any equation that appears on the screen. 1 3. Type in the equation A= 2 R2 by pressing ALPHA a/b 2 ALPHA R x2 ALPHA . 4. Use the Equation solver by pressing 2ndF A ALPHA = 1

A (METHOD)

and 1 (Equation). Press ENTER and see the list of variables. 5. Use to place the cursor over R, type in 6, and press ENTER. Type in by pressing 2ndF 5 ENTER. Press twice to place the cursor EXE to find the area in square feet. SOLVER A (METHOD) and on the A variable. Press 2ndF
6. Use the Newton solver by pressing 2ndF
2 (Newton). Reset A to 0 to start the problem from the beginning. The values of R and O are correct for this problem, so use to place the cursor over the A variable and press 2ndF solver screen. 7. Since area is never negative, you could set START = 0. Leave the STEP size as.001 and remember that you should change it to a slightly larger value if an error message results. Press 2ndF EXE to find the area in square feet. EXE to view the Newton
17 Advanced Keyboard/TRIGONOMETRY USING THE SHARP EL-9900
AREA OF A CIRCULAR SECTOR (continued)
8. Continue the problem and find the area using the Graphic Solver. 9. Press 2ndF SOLVER A (METHOD) 3 (Graphic).
10. Reset A to 0 to start the problem from the beginning. 11. Place the cursor on the A variable and press 2ndF EXE.
12. Recall that BEGIN and END are the lower and upper values between which you feel the solution will lie. Enter a 20 for END so that the intersection of the two graphs is visible on the screen.

13. Press 2ndF

EXE to find the area.
18 Advanced Keyboard/TRIGONOMETRY USING THE SHARP EL-9900
1. Turn the calculator on and press PRGM to enter the programming menu. The menu consists of commands to execute, edit, and create new programs.
2. Press C (NEW) and ENTER to open a new program. The calculator is now locked in ALPHA mode and is prepared to accept a name for the new program. Enter the program name. 3. You can now enter the program. All program commands are obtained in the program menu. You cannot type program commands using the ALPHA key. To reach this menu, press PRGM All the program commands begin with an uppercase letter. 4. Press CL to exit the program commands. When entering a new program, you must press ENTER at the end of each line. 5. If you make a mistake entering a program, use the calculator's editing features to correct the error. First, you can press the arrow keys to move around the program. Second, you can use the DEL key which deletes a highlighted item, the BS key which backspace deletes an item, and the 2ndF INS keys which allow you to insert new items. Third, the calculator operates in typeover mode which allows you to simply type over a mistake. You must press ENTER after correcting a mistake for the correction to be saved for future use.

4 Advanced Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900
ROOTS OF A REAL OR COMPLEX NUMBER
1. Program the calculator to find all the roots of a real or complex number by solving the equation zn = a + bi using DeMoivres theorem. 2. Create a new program with the name ROOTS. Enter the following program and remember to press ENTER at the end of each line. If you make a mis take, use the calculator's editing features to correct the error. 3. Enter the following program: Input N Input A Input B xy->r(A,B)R xy->(A,B) 0K Label A Print r->x (R^(1N),(+ 2K)N) Print r->y (R^(1N), (+2K)N) Print Wait K+1K If K<N Goto A End Press 2ndF PRGM PRGM PRGM A A A 3 ALPHA ALPHA ALPHA N A B ENTER ENTER ENTER ALPHA ALPHA B B
MATH D 3 ALPHA A , ) STO ALPHA R ENTER MATH D 4 ALPHA A , ) STO ALPHA ENTER 0 STO B A R A R ALPHA A A K B A 0 N 4 + 3 ALPHA a
ENTER A 5 ALPHA 2ndF ) D N A ) 2 ENTER 6 ALPHA 2ndF ENTER ENTER K ENTER F A ENTER N ) ALPHA N ) ALPHA ENTER D 2

PRGM PRGM ALPHA , K ( )

ALPHA 1 + N (

ALPHA 1 a

PRGM ALPHA , K ( )

MATH +

ALPHA PRGM
PRGM PRGM ALPHA PRGM 5 PRGM QUIT
ENTER 1 STO ALPHA B ALPHA K MATH

PRGM ENTER

to exit the editor.
5 Advanced Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900
ROOTS OF A REAL OR COMPLEX NUMBER (continued)
4. Execute the ROOTS program by pressing PRGM real part of the complex number by pressing A (EXEC) and selecting ENTER. Enter the 3 ENTER. Enter ENTER. The ROOTS. Enter the degree of the root by pressing 6
the imaginary part of the complex number by pressing 0 roots.
first root of 2.83 will appear. Press ENTER repeatedly to see additional
5. You can repeat this program for other numbers by pressing ENTER to execute the program over and over again. Press CL to clear the screen. If you receive an error statement, press again. or
the program with the error. Correct the error and execute the program
6 Advanced Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900

ENTER ALPHA VARS 2ndF STO MATH N 2
ALPHA ALPHA ENTER 3 ALPHA PRGM STO 1 E 1 G R ENTER B

MATH N

X//T/n ALPHA ALPHA A E U
13 Advanced Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900
NEWTONS METHOD (continued)
4. Press Y= and CL to clear the Y1 prompt. Press and CL to clear additional prompts. Press X//T/n xfunction for which you want to find the roots. Enter xby pressing ENTER. Execute the NEWTONS program by pressing PRGM by pressing. 0 A (EXEC) and select NEWTONS. The program will ENTER. Next, the program will prompt you ENTER. A blinking cursor in the
prompt you for the accuracy you desire in calculating the root. Enter.001 for your guess. Enter 1 by pressing 1 press
upper right-hand corner tells you the program is still working. Continue to ENTER until the blinking cursor is gone. The last value on the screen is your approximate for the root. You can repeat this program for other roots by pressing ENTER to execute the program again with another guess. You can repeat the program for other functions by pressing Y= and changing the Y1 function to the new one. If program with the error. Correct the error and execute the program again.
14 Advanced Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900
you receive an error statement, press
to return to the Y1 prompt. Enter the

CONVERGENCE OF A SERIES

1. Program the calculator to bounce a ball. The ball will be dropped from a given height, with a given bounce factor (the percentage the ball bounces up of the distance dropped). The number of bounces will also be requested. Repeated runs of the program, with a fixed height and fixed bounce factor, will allow you to examine the convergence of the series. The series is the sum of the distance traveled by the ball in its bounces. 2. Create a new program with the name BOUNCE. Enter the following program and remember to press ENTER at the end of each line. If you make a mis take, use the calculators editing features to correct the error. 3. Enter the following program: Input H Input F Input N 0X 0D -1Xmin 2N+1Xmax 1Xscl -1Ymin H+1Ymax 1Yscl ClrDraw Label A Line(X,H,X+1, 0) PRGM PRGM PRGM (-) (-) STO STO 1 A A A 3 ALPHA ALPHA ALPHA D H F N ENTER ENTER ENTER
X//T/n ALPHA STO N 2 2ndF STO H A + 5 2ndF +
ENTER ENTER VARS 1 STO B VARS STO B B ENTER 2ndF A 1 B
ENTER ALPHA A STO 1 VARS A 3 A B ENTER ENTER 2ndF 1 VARS A 1 A + 1 B 2ndF ENTER ENTER VARS A ENTER ALPHA ENTER 1 STO ENTER 2ndF PRGM 2ndF H , DRAW B 0 DRAW X//T/n ENTER A , 0 ENTER , ) ALPHA ENTER X//T/n ALPHA ENTER ENTER VARS ENTER
15 Advanced Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900
CONVERGENCE OF A SERIES (continued)
D+HD FHH Line(X+1,0,X+2, H) D+HD X+2X If X<2N Goto A ClrT Print DIST TRAVELED IS Print D End Press 2ndF 4. Press Y= PRGM ALPHA D H 2ndF 0 , ENTER ALPHA D X//T/n PRGM ALPHA PRGM PRGM 2ndF R A PRGM PRGM D + B A C A V A A E 1 L + ALPHA STO 3 N H STO ENTER F ALPHA ENTER X//T/n PRGM B X//T/n MATH ALPHA D F DRAW X//T/n + A + ALPHA ALPHA H H STO STO + 1 H ALPHA ALPHA , ) ENTER ENTER X//T/n , ALPHA

ALPHA 1

ENTER ENTER PRGM D E I D D A S 2 T SPACE I S T ENTER SPACE
QUIT to exit the editor. and CL
to clear the Y1 prompt. Press and CL to clear additional prompts. Execute the BOUNCE program by pressing A (EXEC) and select BOUNCE. The program will prompt you for
the height from which to drop the ball. Enter 8 feet by pressing 8 ENTER. Next, the program will prompt you for your bounce factor. Enter the percentage 80% as the decimal equivalent of.8 by pressing 8 bounces. Enter 5 bounces by pressing 5 GRAPH. ENTER. Finally, the program will prompt you for the number of ENTER. The program draws
the ball bouncing and then displays the total distance traveled. Press to return to the bouncing-ball graph. A blinking cursor in the upper right-hand corner tells you the program is still working.
16 Advanced Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900

SLOPE FIELDS

1. Program the calculator to graph the slope field for a differential equation at a finite set of points. 2. Create a new program with the name SFIELD. Enter the following program and remember to press ENTER at the end of each line. If you make a mistake, use the calculators editing features to correct the error. 3. Enter the following program: ClrDraw.1H ipart XminJ ipart YminK JX KY Label A X+HA If X0 Goto B 2ndF. 1 MATH STO MATH STO ALPHA ALPHA PRGM X//T/n ENTER PRGM 2.00001X Label B (sin XX) (AX) +YB AC BD XHA (sin XX) (AX) +YB. ( A sin ENTER 0 B ) + 1 STO ALPHA X//T/n ALPHA C D STO ) X//T/n B ) Y ( ENTER ALPHA STO PRGM ENTER B B X//T/n MATH ALPHA F B PRGM DRAW STO B B J K B + ALPHA ALPHA A 1 ENTER H ENTER VARS B ENTER A 4 ENTER X//T/n ALPHA ALPHA H ENTER Y A STO ENTER ENTER ALPHA A ENTER B ENTER A 1 VARS
ALPHA 2ndF J K STO STO ALPHA 2ndF
X//T/n X//T/n B A B STO STO
ALPHA ALPHA ALPHA X//T/n ENTER ( sin A ALPHA
ENTER ALPHA ALPHA H ENTER ENTER ALPHA ( Y A

ALPHA ) +

X//T/n X//T/n B
17 Advanced Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900

SLOPE FIELDS (continued)

AE BF Line(C,D,E,F) ALPHA ALPHA 2ndF A B STO STO A , 0 + VARS B J Y B 2ndF B A STO ALPHA ALPHA 2 ALPHA STO B E E F , ENTER ENTER C , F ALPHA ENTER F 2 A ENTER ALPHA Y A Y DRAW ALPHA
ALPHA D ) ENTER X+1X If X<Xmax Goto A JX Y+1Y If Y<Ymax Goto A End X/q/T/n PRGM 5 2ndF PRGM ALPHA ALPHA ENTER PRGM F 5 PRGM PRGM B +