Cursor appearance and input method Mode Normal mode
The cursor also displays information regarding the calculators input method. See the following diagram.

Symbol

Remarks The appearance of the cursor pointer may vary according to the mode or position. The major shapes and the definitions are as follows: : Insert mode : Overwrite mode
When A is pressed When @ is pressed
* , and appear at the insertion point within the functions such as a/b and

Editing Entries

Editing modes The calculator has the following two editing modes: equation mode, and one line mode. You can select one from the G EDITOR menu of the SETUP menu. Equation editor One line editor
* See page 26 for details. Cursor navigation Use ; ' { } to move the cursor around, and use the D B C keys to edit entries. D key deletes an entry AT THE CURSOR. B key erases one BEFORE THE CURSOR. Use C to clear the entire entry line. About the Insert mode When the editing mode is set to one-line, insert mode needs to be manually specified. Press and release @, then i to set the insert mode. Press @ i again to return to the overwrite mode. The C key clears all screen entries in the Calculation screen, as well as clearing error messages. It also clears a single line equation in the Y screen. For more information on the Y key, refer to Chapters 4 and 6 of the manual. Example Type 3096, then change 3 to 4. When done, jump the cursor to the very end of the numbers. #C3096; ;;;D4 '''
Example Type 4500000, then remove 500. #C4500000; ;;BB B Tips: You can jump the cursor to the beginning or the end of line by using the @ and ; ' keys. To learn about how to use the @ key and its functions, refer to the section Second Function Key of this chapter.

Second Function Key

Use @ to call up the calculators extended key functions, math functions and figures. All functions associated with @ are color coded light yellow, and are printed above each key. Note: Available Second function keys differ between the Basic keyboard and the Advanced keyboard. For example, a second function ex is not accessible within the Basic keyboard. Example Enter 2 on the screen. 1. Press # C to clear the screen, then enter 2 by pressing 2. 2. Press @. When the key is released, the cursor on the screen changes, indicating that a second function is now ready to be called up. 3. Press $. The entry appears on the screen.

3. Other Useful Graphing Features
": Splits the display vertically, to show the graph on the left side of the screen while showing the X-Y values in a table on the right. The cursor is positioned on the table, and can be scrolled up/ down using the { or } keys. Graph and table Graph and equation
When @ " are pressed on the graph screen, the graph and table are displayed on the same screen. When @ " are pressed on the equation input screen, the graph and equation are displayed on the same screen.
The following illustration shows these relationships.
G G @" Y G Y @"

@"

The split screen is always in the trace mode. Therefore, the cursor pointer appears on the graph. Accordingly, the coordinate values are displayed reverse in the table and in the equation at which the cursor pointer is located is also displayed reversely. Using ; or ', move the cursor along the graph. (Values displayed reverse in the table are also changed accordingly.) When two or more graphs are displayed on the screen, the desired graph is selected using { or }. (The table or equation on the right of the screen is also changed accordingly.) The table on the split screen does not relate to the table settings on the full-screen table. The table on the split screen is displayed in units of trace movement amount based on the cursor pointer position on the graph screen. When the full-screen table is displayed by pressing T, a different table may appear on the screen. When the EXPRES or Y is set to ON on the FORMAT menu, the equation or coordinates are displayed on the graph screen. Only equations to be graphed are displayed on the split screen. Press G or T on the split screen to display the fullscreen of the graph or table. To exit the split screen, press any of other function keys.
Calculations can be performed on the entered graph equation(s). Press @ k to access. The following 6 sub-menu tools are available: 1 Value With this sub-menu tool, the Y value can be obtained by entering an X value. The flashing graph cursor will then be placed in that position on the graph. If more than one graph equation is set, use the { or } keys to switch to the equation you wish to work with. If the entered X value is incalculable, an error message will be displayed. Also, if the Y value exceeds the calculation range, then ---- will be displayed instead. With this tool, the intersection(s) of two or more graphs can be found, where the flashing cursor will be placed. When the intersection is found, then the X-Y coordinates of the intersection will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. If there is more than one intersection, the next intersection(s) can be found by selecting the tool again. If there is only one graph equation entered there will be no other graph(s) to form an intersection, so selecting this tool will result in an error. Finds the minimum of the given graph, and places the flashing cursor at that position. If the given graph has no minimum value, an error message will be displayed.

Additional single value variables (from A to Z, and ) may be accessed. In addition, six LIST variables (from L1 to L6) are readily accessible through the second function of the Advanced Keyboard. To save a list of numbers, follow the procedure below: 1. On the Calculation screen (#), create a list of numbers (1, 2, 3, in this example). Separate numbers with a comma (,), and group the numbers with braces ({ and }). 2. Press R, then select one of the six LIST variables. To store the list in L1, press @ 1 to call up the LIST variable. 3. Pressing E will store the list in the LIST variable. Note that this procedure will overwrite the list previously stored in the LIST variable. Refer to Chapter 9 LIST Features to learn more about how LIST variables can be utilized.

5. TOOL Menu

The TOOL menu contains items to help calculating in different number systems, as well as to help solve both linear and polynomial equation. Press @ V to access the TOOL menu. Press the # key (or @ q) to escape from the menu. A NBASE Calculations can be performed in different number base systems, while simultaneously converting the calculation result into hexadecimal, decimal, octal, and binary systems. 1. While this menu item A NBASE is selected, press the E key. The NBASE tool opens, with the cursor set at HEX: (hexadecimal). 2. Type 1B | 9, for example. When entering the hexadecimal B, simply press the B key; using the A key will call up the variable B instead. 3. When done entering the hexadecimal expression, press E. The calculation result will be displayed in three other number base systems, as well as in hexadecimal format. Note: Numerical values in binary, octal, and hexadecimal modes can be expressed in the following number of digits: Binary: 16 digits Octal: 10 digits Hexadecimal: 10 digits If you enter a number exceeding the range specified above for calculations or conversions, the calculator will return an error. If the answer exceeds the above range, the calculator will also return an error. Decimals can be used for DEC mode only (. cannot be used in the other modes). If you convert decimal values to binary, octal, or hexadecimal number, the decimal part is discarded and only the integer part is converted. When numerical values of binary, octal, and hexadecimal modes are negative, the display is switched to complements of 2.

6. Format Setting

You can set up the Graph screen format from the FORMAT menu. Press @ f to display the Graph format menu. Advanced keyboard specific sub-menus Note: G TYPE appears only when the sequence coordinate graph mode is selected. Displays the current FORMAT settings. The default setting is: OFF OFF ON OFF RectCoord B EXPRES (for the graph equation to be displayed on the graph) (for displaying numeric derivatives on the graph) (for displaying the X/Y axis on the graph) (for displaying a grid on the graph) (for displaying the cursor location)

F CURSOR

The coordinate system that indicates. The location selected by the trace or other function can be selected from 1 RectCoord (Rectangular coordinates) or 2 PolarCoord (Polar coordinates) (In the parametric system, the T indication is added.) This menu is only active when the sequence coordinate graph mode is selected in the SETUP menu. The G TYPE menu will not appear in the other modes. 1 Web 2 Time A web graph plot mode where x = u(n-1) and y = u(n). Time graph plot mode where x = n and y = u(n), v(n), w(n). (default) A uv mode where x = u(n) and y = v(n). A uw mode where x = u(n) and y = w(n). A vw mode where x = v(n) and y = w(n). u(n), v(n) and w(n) indicate the n-th term of the sequences.

G TYPE

3 uv 4 uw 5 vw Note:

7. Zoom Functions

Displays the ZOOM menu. Within the ZOOM menu, various preferences can be set for the graph appearance on zooming in and out.
Advanced keyboard specific submenus
See Chapter 4 Basic Graphing Features Basic Keyboard on pages 53 to 56 for details of the other menu items and their submenu items.
D EXP 2ex 4 In X Use this tool when the equation contains a form of ex. Use this tool when the equation contains a form of In x.
E TRIG 4 sin1 X Use this when the equation contains an arc sine function. Use this when the equation contains an arc cosine function. Use this when the equation contains an arc tangent function.

5 cos1 X

6 tan1 X
F HYP 1 sinh X Use this when the equation contains a hyperbolic sine function. Use this when the equation contains a hyperbolic cosine function. Use this when the equation contains a hyperbolic tangent function. Use this when the equation contains an inverse hyperbolic sine function. Use this when the equation contains an inverse hyperbolic cosine function. Use this when the equation contains an inverse hyperbolic tangent function.

Polar coordinate system The variable is displayed in the left end column. The columns , R1 to R3 are displayed on the first screen. Press ; ' to horizontally scroll the table. The 10-digit value in the column where the cursor is currently located is displayed on the bottom line of the screen. The cursor can be moved using ; ' { }. Non-input equation numbers and equations invalid for graphing will not be displayed in the above table. Sequential coordinate system The variable n is displayed in the left end column. Tables values u(n), v(n), and w (n) are simultaneously displayed. The 10-digit value in the column where the cursor is currently located is displayed on the bottom line of the screen. The cursor can be moved using ; ' { }. Non-input equation numbers and equations invalid for graphing will not be displayed in the above table. Setting a table To display the table, press T. Table setting allows you set how to input data for a table. Press @ y to enter the table setting screen. The cursor is initially located at Auto, showing the variable input method. Auto: Automatically creates a table based on the graph equations and given TableStart and TableStep values.
Displays a blank table. As you input values for variable columns, table values are automatically calculated by the equation. Thus, although TableStart and TableStep inputs can be made when selecting User, set values will be ignored. Press ; or ' to switch between Auto and User. TableStart is a start value of the variable in the table, and TableStep is a step value of the variable. Both are numeric values. Example Automatically create a table starting from -5 with a step of 1 in the X-Y coordinate after equations, based on Y1 = X, Y2 = X2, and Y3 = -X2 + 3. 1. Press @ y and }_5E1 E. 2. Press T. * If the cursor is on the top or bottom line of the table, { or } can still be used. The table contents will move to become visible in the display area. Example Create a table in the User mode under the above conditions. 1. Press @ y and 'E}0E 1 E.
2. Press T. Blank table will appear.
3. Press 2 E _ 3 E to enter X values.
* An automatically created table in the User mode cannot be scrolled vertically.

10. The DRAW Function

With the DRAW function, lines, circles, graphs, and pixel points can be added to the graph window. The DRAW menu also contains configuration tools for the ordinary graphs entered in the Graph Equation Entry window: line types, shading, and visibility status of each graph. Press @ d to enter the DRAW menu. Note: When entering coordinates, the DRAW function assumes that rectangular coordinates will be entered. The exception to this is for PxlON(, PxlOFF(, PxlCHG(, and PxlTST(, all within the B POINT menu item. The tools in this menu add lines, circles, additional graphs and text on the graph screen. The tools below can be accessed from the GRAPH window, or any other windows such as the Graph Equation Entry window and Calculation screen. Most of these tools, such as Line(, can be entered directly onto a graph from the cursor point. Clears all items on the graph window EXCEPT for the graphs entered via the Graph Equation Entry window. 1. From the GRAPH window, press @ d to enter the DRAW menu. 2. Press A to select A DRAW, then press 1 to select 1 ClrDraw. or 1. From the Calculation screen, press @ d A 1. ClrDraw will appear. 2. Press E. All the items on the graph will be deleted and the message Done will appear.

A DRAW

1 ClrDraw
2 Line( Note: From the Calculation screen
Draws a line according to the given X-Y coordinates of a start/end point. This tool can be used with any type of graph. Line(x-coordinate of start point, y-coordinate of start point, x-coordinate of end point, y-coordinate of end point [,0]) Example 1. Select the DRAW menu. Select A DRAW in the menu, then select 2 Line(. Line( will appear. Suppose you wish to draw a line, starting from an X-Y coordinate (1,2) to end at (8,8). 2. Enter 1,2,8,8 right after the Line( object, then close the expression with ). 3. Press E. The GRAPH window will appear with the specified line drawn on the graph.
If you enter 0 for the 5th element of Line( function, (e.g. Line(1,2,8,8,0)) and press E, you can clear the specified line. Line( 1. Press @ d to enter the DRAW menu.

From the GRAPH window

2. Press A to select A DRAW, then press 2 to select 2 Line(. The GRAPH window reappears, with the coordinate of the cursor showing at the bottom of the screen. Note: To change the cursor coordinate system, use the FORMAT menu. Select B CURSOR, then select the required coordinate system for the cursor. 3. Move the flashing cursor on the screen to set the starting point of the line. Note: The pixel increment can be set within the ZOOM menu. While A ZOOM is selected, choose 7 Dec to set each pixel size to 0.1 0.1, or 8 Int to set to 1 1. 4. When the starting point is set, press E to anchor the location. 5. Move the cursor to indicate the end point of the line. When set, press E to finalize the line drawing. 6. You may draw as many lines as you wish, by repeating the procedure from 4 to 5. When done drawing, press C to exit the entry mode.
3 H_line From the Calculation screen
Draws a horizontal line on the graph window. H_Line y-value Draws a horizontal line (y = value) on the graph window. Example Draw a horizontal line of y = 5. 1. Press @ dA 3 and enter the value 5.
H_Line Example Draw a horizontal line manually. 1. Press @ dA 3. 2. Use the cursor navigation keys ({ } ; ') to move the flashing cursor to the appropriate position. 3. Press E to draw the line.
4 V_line From the Calculation screen
Draws a vertical line on the graph window. V_Line x-value Draws a vertical line (x = value) on the graph window. Example Draw a horizontal line of x = 3. 1. Press @ d A 4 and enter the value 3.

Chapter 8

Matrix Features
Within the Matrix features, up to ten different matrices can be entered. To get to the Matrix features, press @ m. Define and edit the matrices within this mode too.
Three sheaves of the first class crop, two of the second, and one of the third are sold for 39 dollars. Two of the first, three of the second and, one of the third for 34 dollars. And one of the first, two of the second and three of the third for 26 dollars. How much did you receive from each sheaf of the first, second and third class crops?
(Chapter VIII of Chiu Chang Suan Shu - Nine Chapters of Arithmetic Arts, 200 B.C., China)
Three equations can be derived as follows, containing three unknown quantities: 3x + 2y + z = 39 2x + 3y + z = 34 x + 2y + 3z = 26 x, y and z represent the price for each sheaf of the first, second and third class crops, respectively. You can solve the above system of linear equations by using a matrix. CONCEPT 1. Enter the coefficients as elements in a matrix. 2. Use the rrowEF function to obtain the reduced row echelon form.
Chapter 8: Matrix Features
PROCEDURE Select a matrix to edit 1. Press @ m to enter the MATRIX menu. 2. Press B to select EDIT and then 1 to select 1 mat A. Define dimensions 3. Press 3 E 4 E to define the dimensions of the matrix (3 rows 4 columns).

Enter the values

4. Press 3 E 2 E 1 E E to enter the first row of 3x + 2y + z = 39. The cursor will automatically position itself at the beginning of the second row. 5. Press 2 E 3 E 1 E E to enter the second row of 2x + 3y + z = 34. 6. Press 1 E 2 E 3 E E to enter the third row of x + 2y + 3z = 26. 7. Press # to return to the calculation screen. Matrix A is now set.

Solve the problem

8. Press @ m to display the MATRIX MENU, and press D to select D MATH and then press 4 to select 4 rrowEF. The reduced row echelon form is now set, as shown: 9. Press @ m, then press A to select NAME and press 1 to select 1 mat A. The Matrix A is now set and ready to be calculated.
10. Press E. The reduced row echelon form of the matrix is displayed. Display Solution 1x + 0y + 0z = x = 9.25 0x + 1y + 0z = y = 4.25 0x + 0y + 1z = z = 2.75
2. Entering and Viewing a Matrix
Select a matrix Note: Define dimensions 1. Press @ m, then press B (select EDIT) and select the matrix you want to define. Up to 10 matrices from 1 matA to 0 matJ can be defined. 2. Enter the row dimension number and press E. Cursor moves to the column dimension. 3. Enter the column dimension number and press E. The matrix will be displayed with null values. (See below.) * It is not required to press E when the dimension number is 2 digits. Matrix name Matrix dimensions (row column) Element entry field Input field (bottom line) Up to 5 rows by 3 columns of elements can be displayed on the screen. Press ; ' { } to scroll the matrix. Use row and column numbers on the left and upper side of the matrix to check the display location. If the dimensions of the matrix have previously been defined, the values will be displayed. You can retain or alter the dimensions accordingly.

Using [ ] menus, you can manually enter a matrix on the calculation screen. 1. Press @ m E 1 ( [ ) at the beginning of the matrix. 2. Press @ m 1 ( [ ) to indicate the beginning of the first row. Once you enter the manual matrix entry mode, you can directly enter or by selecting 1 or 2. 3. Enter a number or expression for each element. Separate each element with commas. 4. Press @ m 2 ( ] ) to indicate the end of the first row.
5. Repeat above steps 2 to 4 to enter all the rows. 6. Press @ m 2 ( ] ) to indicate the end of the matrix. 7. Press E. The matrix will be displayed.
Using a Matrix in an expression
To use a matrix in an expression, you can do any of the followings: Select a matrix from the m NAME menu. Enter the matrix directly using the [ ] function menus.

Chapter 9

List Features
List features can be used in both Advanced and Basic mode. In this chapter, all the procedures are based on the Advanced mode. In the Basic mode, press @ l and select A NAME to access L1 to L6.
By analyzing years of data, we found that it takes the driver of a car approximately 0.75 seconds to react to a situation before actually applying the brakes. Once the brake pedal is depressed, it takes additional time for the car to come to a complete stop. Here is the equation used to compute total stopping distance on dry, level concrete: The reaction time distance (in feet) = 1.1 times the speed (in miles per hour); The braking distance = 0.06 times the speed squared; y = (1.1 v) + (0.06 v2), where y represents the total stopping distance (in feet), and v represents the speed (miles/ hour) Calculate the total stopping distances at the speeds of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 miles per hour.
CONCEPT 1. You can calculate all answers individually, but if you use list, you can obtain the results with one calculation. PROCEDURE Enter each speed value in the list 2. Press # C to enter the calculation screen. 3. Press @ { 30 , 40 , 50 , 60 , 70 , 80 @} The calculator displays the set of data.

Chapter 9: List Features

Store the list in L1
4. Press R @ 1. 5. Press E to store the list in L1.
Enter the equation using L1
6. Press 1.1 | @ 1 + 0.06 | @1y 7. Press E. 8. List {87, 140, 205, 282, 371, 472} will appear. So the solutions are:
Car speed 30 miles/hour 40 miles/hour 50 miles/hour 60 miles/hour 70 miles/hour 80 miles/hour Note:
Stopping distance 87 feet 140 feet 205 feet 282 feet 371 feet 472 feet
You can also perform the above calculation using the direct list input method (using braces). 1.1 | {30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80} + 0.06 | {30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80} y and press E. In the Basic mode, you can access L1 to L6 from A NAME and { } (braces) from E {} in the LIST menu.

Setting the graph drawing on
3. The first line shows if the graph drawing is on or off. Initially, the graph drawing is off. With the cursor pointer at the on position, press E to set the graph drawing on. 4. Press } to move the cursor to the next line (DATA). 5. Select X for 1-variable plotting and press E.
Selecting whether 1variable plotting or 2-variable plotting Select the list number used for graphing
Determining ListX and Freq Frequency relates to the number of times access occurred (L2) at the ListX stage. You can refer that the Access of ListX (L1) hour occurred Freq (L2) number of times. 6. Press } to move the cursor to the next line (ListX). 7. The default list name for ListX is L1. If another list name is set, press @ 1 to enter L1. 8. L1 is set to be used for x-axis items.

Setting the frequency

9. Press } to move the cursor to the next line (Freq). 10. Press @ 2 to enter L2.

Selecting the graph

11. Press } to move the cursor to the next line (GRAPH). 12. The graph format defaults to histogram, so if that is what is required, this does not need to be changed. 13. Press Z, and then select A ZOOM. 14. Press ' to move the cursor right and then press } several times. 9 Stat will appear.

Making a graph

15. Select 9 Stat and press E. You can directly press 9 at step 13 to select 9 Stat. The histogram will appear on the display. When you draw the graph using the automatic statistics zoom function (9 Stat), the division number is automatically set to Xmax Xmin (default value: 10). If you wish to show the graph Xscl hour by hour, change the value in the W menu. Set the WINDOW settings 1. Press W. Window (Rect) setting menu will appear. 2. Enter the values as shown in the diagram to the right. Ymax is determined by the maximum access number (253 at 20:00 on Sunday). 3. Press G. You can compare up to 3 statistical data by setting PLOT2/PLOT3 to on. Compare the access rates on Sunday and Monday Set the statistical 1. Press [ A E and move the cursor to GRAPH. plotting of PLOT1 2. Press [ again. (Sunday data) to 3. Press B and 1 a broken line (broken line with circle dots). 4. Press G. The histogram is now changed to a broken line graph. 5. Press @ q to clear the screen. 6. Press [ and select B PLOT2. 7. Set as follows. PLOT: on, DATA: X, ListX: L1, and Freq: L3.

Display a message HELLO WORLD on the display.

Creating a new program

1. Press P. The program menu screen will appear. A EXEC B EDIT C NEW Executes the selected program Opens a stored program file. Creates a new program file
* In the Basic mode, only the A EXEC menu item will appear.
Chapter 13: Programming Features
2. Press C E. A new program window will open. 3. Input the program name (HELLO) on the top line of the screen. Up to 8 characters can be used for the title. 4. Press E. 5. The cursor will move to the program input field just under the title. Starting programming 6. Press P. The program menu will open. The commands and other statements are preinstalled in the calculator. Do not directly type in commands using the Alphabetical mode, select each command from the program menu. Note: Press @ j, and you can access all the available commands at once. 7. Select A 1. 8. Press P. 9. Select A 2. The characters following a double quotation mark can be manipulated as text. No double quotation mark is required to close the text. Entering the alphabetical input lock mode 10. Press @. to enter the alphabetic lock mode. 11. Type HELLO WORLD. Up to 160 alphanumeric characters can be input per line. (Strings of up to 158 characters maximum can be entered per line excluding commands, because each command is regarded as a single character.

Entering a command

When a line exceeds the width of the screen, the display will shift to the left. Store the program line by line 12. Press E. The cursor will move to the next line and the data input will be stored. Store the program line by line by pressing E, { or }. 13. Press @ q to exit the program edit screen. Execute the program 14. Press P A. A list of stored programs will appear. 15. Press to execute the program 01 HELLO.

2. Programming Hints

Editing the program Adding commands, strings or command lines to the program Entering alphabetical characters (uppercase only) Inputting commands Press P B and then the appropriate numbers to open the stored program. Press @ i to enter the insert type mode. Press E to go to the next line. Be sure to press @ i again to turn off the insert type mode and return to type over mode. Press E twice to insert a blank line. Press A to enter characters. Press @. to use a ALPHA-LOCK mode to input a series of alphabetical characters.
In general, only a single command can be input per line.
Storing a program line by line
After pressing E, } or {, the line will be stored in memory. Otherwise, it is not stored. Be sure to store the all lines by pressing E ({ or }) before quitting editing (pressing @ q). Blank lines are ignored during execution. You can include blank lines to gain better readability. Move the cursor to the line you wish to delete and press C. Move the cursor to on or after the letter you wish to delete and press D or B, respectively.

Blank line

Deleting a line Deleting command or strings Deleting an entire program Copying a line to another location Changing the program name Re-executing the program Break the execution process
Press @ p and use C DEL. (See Chapter 14 OPTION Menu, page 224). Press P H in the program edit mode. (See page 216 for details)
Press { to move the cursor to the program name field. Enter the new name and press E or }. Pressing E again after execution of the program completes.
Press O or @ q to break the execution process.

3. Variables

Single letters (uppercase letter from A to Z and ) can be used as variables. Defined once in one program, a variable is set as a global variable across all other stored programs unless redefined. Hence results calculated in one program can be used by another. Only value (numbers) can be set as variables. Strings cannot be set as variables.

Setting a variable

Use R to input a specific value or the value of formula into the variable. Do not use = (comparison operands) to set the values into variable. 5X MX + B Y The variable X is set to the value 5. The variable Y is set to the value of formula MX + B.

4. Operands

Almost all the calculation operands can be used in a program. Input an operand directly from the keys (+, , , , sin, cos, log and others) or using MATH, STAT, LIST, MATRIX and other menus.

Comparison operands

The calculator has 6 comparison operands. Press M F and select an appropriate comparison operand. = Equal > Greater than < Less than Not equal Greater than or equal Less than or equal

5. Programming commands

Print, Input, Wait, Rem, End and other commands can be used in a program. Screen settings, data input/output, graph settings and others can be controlled from a program. Press P in the program edit mode to input the command.

A PRGM menu P A

1 Print Print variable Print character strings [] Displays the value of the variable on the screen. The display format may vary according to the SET UP menu settings. Character strings displayed by the print command will break at the edge of the screen. 2
command strings Characters enclosed by double-quote marks are considered to be strings.
The closing double-quote can be omitted when it would appear at the end of a line.

3 Input

Input [prompt strings,] variable Enables the user to input a value (list, etc.) for the specified variable during execution. A message variable = ? or prompt strings? will appear on the screen while the calculator waits for data input. Prompt strings include alphabetical words, numbers, and other character strings that can be entered by keys and menus.

_3R@zBEA1E 10 R @ z E 2 E 1R@zE3E _5R@zE4E 5R@zE5E 1R@z E6E

-3 Xmin

10 Xmax 1 Xscl

-5 Ymin

5 Ymax 1 Yscl
* Operation to input a function equation (for example, x2 + 2) to the graphic equation Y1 is also made using R in the same manner as described above. X2 + 2 Y1: P A 2 X y + 2 P A2R@zAEA1 Note: Function equations cannot be assigned in the graphic equations, such as Y1, if the EDITOR mode under SET UP is set to Equation. Switch the EDITOR to One line mode prior to assigning such graphic equations.
Example The following data are included in list L1. L1: 165, 182.5, 173.8, 166.5, 185.3 A one-variable calculation was executed based on this data. After returning to the calculation screen, average values can be viewed by using the following procedure. Press @ z H E A to _ display x on the screen. Press E to obtain the average value of X as determined in the previous calculation. In this way, the contents of an immediately preceding statistical calculation can be stored as statistical values. These contents remain valid until the next statistical calculation is executed, even if the power is turned off. The same is true even for regression calculations and verification calculations.

8. Debugging

After programming, it is required to debug the program. 1. Press P A and select the program to debug. If any bugs are present, error messages will appear. The following example indicates that the same label name has been used two or more times.
2. Press ; or ' to display the line where the error exists and correct the mistake.
When an infinite loop occurs
Execution can be interrupted by pressing O. Use this command if the program enters an infinite loop. Press ; or ' to display the program source with the cursor on the line where interrupted. * Refer to Appendix Error Codes and Error Messages on page 235. * It is highly recommended that goto-Label statements are not used in If, While and For loop structures. * Multiple statements cannot be used in a command line such as Else, EndIf, Next, While and WEnd. It is recommended not to use multiple statements.

Transmission between the EL9900 and PC
The optional kit CE-LK2 (cable and Windows software) is required for calculator to data communication with PC. Refer to the CE-LK2 operation manual for details. During communications between calculator and PC, no operation of the calculator is required. Just connect the cable and press the power on key, and the entire operation can be controlled from the PC.

5. Reset function

If a problem occurs after replacing batteries, or the calculator does not function correctly, use the RESET option. 1. Press @ p E. 2. Press 1 to return the calculators SETUP and FORMAT settings to the default value, or 2 to delete all the stored data. See Resetting the Calculator on page 29 for details.

Appendix

1. Replacing Batteries
The calculator uses two different kinds of batteries: manganese (AAA) for unit operation, and lithium (CR2032) for memory backup. Compatible battery types Type (use) Manganese battery (for unit operation) Lithium battery (for memory backup) Model AAA CR2032 Quantity 4 1
* To prevent loss of stored data, DO NOT remove both the unit operation and memory backup batteries at the same time. Precautions for handling batteries Fluid from a leaking battery accidentally entering an eye could result in serious injury. Should this occur, wash with clean water and immediately consult a doctor. Should fluid from a leaking battery come into contact with your skin or clothes, immediately wash with clean water. If the product is not to be used for some time, to avoid damage to the unit from leaking batteries, remove them and store in a safe place. Do not leave exhausted batteries inside the product. Do not fit partially used batteries, and be sure not to mix different batteries types. Keep batteries out of the reach of children. Do not allow batteries to become completely exhausted; doing so may cause the batteries to leak, and may damage the calculators hardware. Do not throw batteries into a fire or water, as this may cause them to explode.
Procedures for replacing unit operation batteries
When battery power becomes low, a message will show indicating that a new set of batteries are needed. 1. Turn off the calculators power (@ o).

Sharp EL-9900 Graphing Calculator
Basic Keyboard Activities
General Mathematics Algebra Programming
Advanced Keyboard Activities
Algebra Calculus Statistics Trigonometry Programming

Basic Keypad

EL-9900
SUB SPLIT TBLSET D R AW F O R M AT CALC

OPTION

WINDOW

+ . ON

STAT PLOT

SLIDE SHOW

A-LOCK

SET UP

A. xxx

. int.

T CATALOG U

BASIC ARITHMETIC

to access the calculation screen.

1. Add 9 to 27 twice.

STEP 1: STEP 2: STEP 3: STEP 4: STEP 5: Enter 27 by pressing 2 7.
Add by pressing the + key. Enter 9 by pressing 9. Find the first sum by pressing the ENTER key. Add 9 again by pressing + 9 ENTER.

2. Multiply

STEP 1: STEP 2: STEP 3: STEP 4: STEP 5: STEP 6:
. Then, convert to a decimal.

Enter 3 by pressing 3 4

Multiply by pressing the key. Enter 5 by pressing 5 a/b 2
Find the product by pressing ENTER. Convert to an improper fraction by pressing b/c ENTER. Convert to a mixed number by pressing ab/c ENTER.
1 Basic Keyboard/GENERAL MATHEMATICS USING THE SHARP EL-9900
Copyright 2002, Sharp Electronics Corporation. Permission is granted to photocopy for educational use only.

PARENTHESES AND EDITING

A trapezoid is a four-sided figure where two of the sides are parallel and the other two sides are not parallel.

b1 h b2

The area of a trapezoid is defined to be Area = ( h )(b1 + b2) where h 2 is the height or distance between the parallel sides b1 and b2.
1. Calculate ( 5 ) (3 + 4). 2
STEP 1: STEP 2: STEP 3: STEP 4: Enter ( 5 ) by pressing ( a/b
Multiply by pressing the key. Enter (3 + 4) by pressing ( 3 +
Calculate by pressing the ENTER key. The answer is 17.5
2. Edit the previous calculation to find ( 5 )(7 + 4). 2
STEP 1: STEP 2: STEP 3: STEP 4: Edit the previous calculation by pressing 2ndF ENTRY
2 Basic Keyboard/GENERAL MATHEMATICS USING THE SHARP EL-9900

Delete the 3 by pressing

Insert the 7 by pressing 7. Calculate by pressing the ENTER key. The answer is 27.5.
to move the blinking cursor to highlight the 3. DEL to backspace delete.

PERCENTS

Mixtures contain two or more components. Percents are often used to express the amount of a component in a mixture.

1. Find 30% of 400.

STEP 1: STEP 2: STEP 3: Enter 400 by pressing 4 Enter 30% by pressing 3 The answer is 120. 0. 2ndF % ENTER.
Multiply by pressing the key.
2. Find what percent of 500 is 150.
STEP 1: STEP 2: STEP 3: STEP 4: Enter 150 by pressing 1 Enter 500 by pressing 5 The answer is 30%. 0. 0. % ENTER. Divide by pressing the key. Calculate by percentage by pressing 2ndF
3 Basic Keyboard/GENERAL MATHEMATICS USING THE SHARP EL-9900

PERCENTS (continued)

3. Add 20% to 300.
STEP 1: STEP 2: STEP 3: Enter 300 by pressing 3 Enter 20% by pressing ENTER. The answer is 360. 0. 2ndF %
Add by pressing the + key.
4. Subtract 40% from 200.

2. Convert 5035 to decimal degrees.
STEP 1: STEP 2: Enter 5035 by pressing 5 MATH 2. 0 MATH E 5
Calculate decimal degrees by pressing ENTER. The answer is 50.5833.
10 Basic Keyboard/GENERAL MATHEMATICS USING THE SHARP EL-9900
ANGLE CONVERSIONS (continued)
3. Convert 40.235 to degrees-minutes-seconds.
STEP 1: STEP 2: Enter 40.235 by pressing 4 MATH D 2 ENTER. 0
Calculate degrees-minutes-seconds by pressing The answer is 401406.
4. Convert 1.25 radians to degrees.
Put the calclator in degree mode by pressing 2ndF STEP 1: STEP 2: Enter 1.25 radians by pressing 1 E 4. SETUP B 1
Convert to degrees by pressing ENTER. The answer is 71.6.
11 Basic Keyboard/GENERAL MATHEMATICS USING THE SHARP EL-9900

PROBABILITY

1. Find five factorial or 5!.
STEP 1: STEP 2: Enter 5! by pressing 5 The answer is 120. MATH C 7.
Calculate by pressing ENTER.
2. Find the number of combinations of 2 from a group of 5.
STEP 1: STEP 2: STEP 3: Enter the large number 5 by pressing 5. Enter the combination symbol by pressing MATH Enter the small number 2 and calculate by pressing 2 ENTER. The answer is 10. Permutations are found in the same manner. C 6.
3. Randomly select a person from an ordered group of 10.
STEP 1: STEP 2: STEP 3: STEP 4: Access the random integer command by pressing MATH C 2. 1 ,. 0 ). Enter the lower bound of 1 by pressing
Enter the upper bound of 10 by pressing 1 Answers will vary.
Calculate the random person by pressing ENTER.
12 Basic Keyboard/GENERAL MATHEMATICS USING THE SHARP EL-9900

ONE-VARIABLE STATISTICS

1. Calculate statistics for a one-variable data set.
STEP 1: Turn the calculator on and press STAT to enter the statistics menu. Press A (EDIT) ENTER to view the statistics data entry screen. If there is a data set present within the lists on your calculator, use the arrow keys to move to the list, if necessary, and press to highlight the list label. Press DEL of data. STEP 2: Move the highlighter to the cell directly below the L1 in the table. Enter the following data set: ENTER to delete the old data. Repeat for other lists

11 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

JUMPING TO FIND ROOTS

1. Press Y= CL to return to and clear the Y1 prompt. 5 x x2. To enter the polynomial y = 5x 2 3x + 1, press () x + 1.
3. View the graph in the decimal viewing window by pressing ZOOM A (ZOOM) 7 (Dec).
4. Press TRACE and move cursor to the left of the left-hand root. Press 2ndF CALC to view the calculate menu. 5. Press 5 (X_Incpt) to find the left-hand root. 6. Press 2ndF CALC 5 (X_Incpt) to find the next root.
12 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

INEQUALITIES

1. To solve 3(4 2x) 5 x, rewrite it as 3(4 2x) 5 + x 0 and determine the values of x where the function y = 3(4 2x) 5 + x is on or above the x-axis. 2. To do this, press Y= CL and enter 3(4 2x) 5 + X in the Y1 location. A (ZOOM)
3. Set the viewing window of the graph by pressing ZOOM
5 (Default). You should be able to clearly view the x-intercept.
4. Locate the x-intercept at the point (1.4, 0) by pressing 2ndF 5 (X_Incpt).

CALC and

5. Since the graph is above the x-axis, to the left of the x-intercept, the solution to the inequality 3(4 2x) 5 + x 0 is all values of x such that x 1.4.
13 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900
1. To solve the inequality 3(4 2x) 5 x, press Y= Y1 and 5 X for Y2. 2. Set the viewing window by pressing ZOOM A (ZOOM) 5 (Default). CL , enter 3(4 2X) for
3. Next, shade the set of points that make the inequality true by pressing 2ndF DRAW G (SHADE) 1 (Set) to access the Set Shade screen. Since the inequality you are solving is Y1 Y2 the solution is where the graph of Y1 is on the top and Y2 is "on the bottom." Do this by pressing 2ndF VARS A ENTER 2

2ndF VARS ENTER

1. Press GRAPH to view the

shaded region.

4. Press 2ndF CALC
2 (Intsct) to find where the graphs intersect.
5. Since the shaded region is to the left of x = 1.4, the solution to the inequality 3(4 2x) 5 x is all values of x such that x 1.4. 6. Turn off the shading by pressing 2ndF DRAW G (SHADE) 2 (INITIAL).
14 Basic Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

DOUBLE INEQUALITIES

1. The inequality -1 2x is commonly referred to as a double inequality. 2. Clear any previously entered functions by pressing Y= 3. Enter Y1 = -1, Y2 = 2X 5, and Y3 = 7. 4. Press ZOOM A (ZOOM) 5 (Default) to view the line y = 2x 5 between the lines y = -1 and y = 7. CL.
5. Press 2ndF CALC 2 (Intsct) to find the point of intersection of the lines y = 2x 5 and y = -1 at (2, -1). Press to move the tracer to the y = 7 line. Press 2ndF CALC 2 (Intsct) to find y = 2x 5 and y = 7 at (6, 7).
6. The solution to the double inequality -1 2x consists of all values of x in between, and including, 2 and 6 (i.e., x 2 and x 6). The solution is 2 x 6.

value of 1 by pressing 1 appear. Press ENTER
be shown to end the program. You should then see the following coefficients, constant and remainder (Q(x) = 2x2 + 5x + 9, remainder = 14).
9 Basic Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900

RANDOM WALKS

1. Program the calculator to graph a random walk. A random walk can go in any direction for a random distance. This program stops when the graph tries to go outside the calculator display. 2. Create a new program with the name WALK. Enter the following program and remember to press ENTER at the end of each line. If you make a mistake, use the calculators editing features to correct the error. 3. Enter the following program using the Advanced Keyboard: ClrDraw 0D.5X.5Y Label A.2(random.5)H.2(random.5)K Line(X,Y,X+H, Y+K) X+HX Y+KY If X<0 Goto B If X>1 Goto B If Y<0 Goto B 2ndF 0. STO DRAW STO STO B ( H ( K DRAW X//T/n ALPHA + Y B B B B B 0 + 3 B 0 MATH MATH A + K A 1 D ENTER ENTER ENTER Y ALPHA C C 2 ) H ENTER A. , , ENTER ) ) STO STO
X//T/n ALPHA 1 ENTER ENTER
PRGM ALPHA ALPHA 2ndF Y Y , +

X//T/n H STO K ENTER

ALPHA ALPHA ENTER
X//T/n ALPHA Y 5 PRGM 0 PRGM PRGM PRGM PRGM

X//T/n STO

ALPHA X//T/n X//T/n ALPHA ALPHA ALPHA

ALPHA F B F ENTER 3 F 0

ENTER MATH ALPHA MATH B Y B PRGM

ENTER MATH ENTER

10 Basic Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900

RANDOM WALKS (continued)

If Y>1 Goto B D+(H2+K2)D PRGM 1 x Goto A Label B Print D End

ALPHA 2 2ndF x

MATH B ALPHA

PRGM +

ALPHA )

ALPHA D

ALPHA B B A A 1 6

STO A B

ENTER ALPHA ALPHA D ENTER ENTER

PRGM PRGM PRGM PRGM

4. First, press Y= and CL to clear the Y1 prompt. Press pressing WINDOW ENTER 1 ENTER 1 ENTER 1

CL ENTER

to clear 0
additional prompts if necessary. Set the viewing window for the graphing by ENTER ENTER. Execute the WALK program by
pressing PRGM and selecting WALK. The program will show you the random walk and then display the distance traveled in the walk. If your walk is short, then press than 10. ENTER to execute the program again. When you to view the graph. A long walk is greater have a long walk, press GRAPH

1. To solve the inequality |3.5x + 4| 10, press Y= prompt. Press ENTER CL to clear the Y1 CL to clear additional prompts.
2. Enter the function |3.5x + 4| in Y1 by pressing MATH B (NUM) 1 (abs) 0. DRAW G (SHADE) X//T/n + 4 ENTER. Enter 10 in Y2 by pressing
3. Access the Set Shade screen by pressing 2ndF ENTER
(SET). Since Y2 is the function "on the bottom," press 2ndF VARS A 2 (Y2) and since Y1 is the function "on the top," press

VARS ENTER 1 (Y1).

4. Set the viewing window by pressing ZOOM A (Zoom) 5 (Default). Press ZOOM 4 (out) to see the intersection.
5. Press 2ndF CALC 2 (Intsct) to locate a point of intersection. Repeat to find the other. The intersections are (-4, 10) and (1.714, 10). The solution of the inequality |3.5x + 4| > 10 is all values of x such that x -4 or x 1.714. 6. Turn off the shading by pressing 2ndF DRAW G (SHADE) 2 (INITIAL).
18 Advanced Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

(x 1) 1. Graph the rational function f(x) = (x 2 1) by first pressing Y= CL to clear the Y1 prompt. Press ENTER CL to clear additional Y prompts. (x 1) 2. Enter Y1 = (x2 1) by pressing a/b 1. X//T/n 1 X//T/n x2
3. Graph in the decimal window by pressing ZOOM

A (ZOOM) 7 (Dec).

4. The function consists of two branches separated by the vertical asymptote (the line x = -1). Look closely at the graph and observe the hole in it at x = 1. Press TRACE and investigate the "hole." Note that the hole will be seen only when the window is a "friendly" or decimal window. 5. Notice that there are no x-intercepts for the graph. The y-intercept can easily be found at x = 0, y = 1 by pressing 2ndF CALC and 6 (Y_Incpt). 6. Observe that the line y = 0 is very likely a horizontal asymptote of f(x).
19 Advanced Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

RATIONAL INEQUALITIES

x 1. Solve the inequality (1 x2) 2 using the intersection method with shading, by first pressing Y= CL to clear the Y1 prompt. 2. Enter the left-hand side of the inequality in Y1 by pressing MATH 1 (abs) pressing a/b in Y2 by pressing 2 X//T/n ENTER. B (NUM)

X//T/n x2 ENTER. Enter 2

3. Press 2ndF DRAW G (SHADE) 1 (SET) 2ndF VARS A ENTER 1 (Y1) 2ndF VARS ENTER 2 (Y2). 4. View the graph by pressing ZOOM A (ZOOM) 7 (Dec).

5. Press 2ndF CALC

2 (Intsct) repeatedly, to locate the x-values of the points of intersection, x = -1.281, -0.781, 0.781, and 1.281. The solution is all
values of x such that x -1.281 or -0.781 x 0.781 or x 1.281. 6. Turn off the shading by pressing 2ndF DRAW G (SHADE) 2 (INITIAL).
20 Advanced Keyboard/ALGEBRA USING THE SHARP EL-9900

CONIC SECTIONS

Steps for graphing a parabola in rectangular mode

QUIT to save the program and exit the editing mode. CL X//T/n ab
6. Enter f(x) =x 3 x 2+1 for Y1 by pressing Y= X//T/n x
7. Execute the TANGENT program by pressing PRGM A (EXEC) and selecting TANGENT. 8. Enter an X of 1 by pressing 1 ENTER. You should then see the equation
for the tangent line to the curve at x = 1.
9. You can repeat this process for other x values. Press ENTER to execute the program over and over again.
program in which the error occurs. Compare your line with the correct one above to find the error. Correct the error using the editing features of the calculator and save the corrections by pressing ENTER. Press 2ndF QUIT and try executing the program again.
5 Advanced Keyboard/CALCULUS USING THE SHARP EL-9900
10. If you receive an error statement, press
Draw the tangent line to a function at a given point.
1. To draw the tangent line on a displayed graph, you must first enter the graph for Y1. Enter the function f(x) = x3 x2 + 1 for Y1 by pressing Y= CL X//T/n ab 3 X//T/n x2
2. Graph the function by pressing ZOOM A (ZOOM) 7 (Dec).
3. Draw the tangent line at x = 1 by pressing 2ndF and then press ENTER.

DRAW A (DRAW)

5 (T_line(), move the tracer right to x =1 by pressing

repeatedly,

6 Advanced Keyboard/CALCULUS USING THE SHARP EL-9900

RELATIVE EXTREMA

1. Set the graphing calculator to rectangular graphing by pressing 2ndF SET UP menu. E (COORD) 1 (Rect). Press 2ndF QUIT to exit the SET UP
2. Consider f(x) = 2x 3 7x 2 70x + 75. Press Y= Press ENTER pressing 2 + 7 5. X//T/n ab
CL to access and clear Y1. x0 X//T/n
CL to clear additional Y prompts. Enter f(x) for Y1 by 3
3. Graph the function by pressing WINDOW () ENTER ZOOM A (Zoom) 1 (Auto).

0 ENTER 1

0 ENTER
4. To determine the point at which the relative maximum occurs, press 2ndF CALC 4 (Maximum). The maximum occurs at x = - 2.44.
5. Find the point at which the relative minimum occurs by pressing 2ndF CALC 3 (Minimum). The minimum occurs at x = 4.776.
6. Combining this information with a view of the graph, we see that f(x) is increasing for x = - to -2.4427 and from 4.776 to while f(x) is decreasing for x between -2.4427 and 4.776.
7 Advanced Keyboard/CALCULUS USING THE SHARP EL-9900

GRAPHS OF DERIVATIVES

1. Graph f (x) by pressing Y= ENTER entering f(x)= 2x3 7x2 70x + 75 for d Y1, and entering dx (Y1) for Y2. Enter Y2 by pressing MATH A (CALC) (d/dx() 2ndF VARS ENTER A (XY) 1 (Y1) and press ) ENTER. 2. Press WINDOW () ENTER ENTER 1 ENTER ZOOM A

PRGM L + PRGM

ALPHA R

Execute like the rectangular program to find an approximate area of.83866.
16 Advanced Keyboard/CALCULUS USING THE SHARP EL-9900

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

Steps for graphing the hyperbolic sine function.
1. Turn the calculator on and press Y= CL to access and clear the Y1 prompt. Press ENTER CL to remove additional expressions.
2. To enter the hyperbolic sine function ( y = sinh x ) for Y1, press MATH , A (CALC) (sinh) and press X//T/n. F (HYP) 1 (sinh x).
3. Enter the viewing window by pressing ZOOM
Steps for graphing the hyperbolic cosine function.
4. Press Y= CL to remove the hyperbolic sine function. 5. To enter the hyperbolic cosine function ( y = cosh x ) for Y1, press MATH (cosh x) press X//T/n.
6. Press GRAPH to view the graph.
17 Advanced Keyboard/CALCULUS USING THE SHARP EL-9900

SEQUENCES

1. Turn the calculator on and set the calculator to sequence mode by pressing 2ndF SET UP E (COORD) 4 (Seq). 2. Press 2ndF QUIT Y= to access the sequence prompts. Clear any sequences by presing CL. 3. Enter the sequence generator an = n2 n for u(n) by pressing X//T/n xX//T/n ENTER. Enter n1 = 1 for u(nMin) by pressing ENTER.
4. View a table of sequence values by pressing TABLE.
5. Graph the sequence by first setting the format to time and drawing to dot mode. Do this by pressing 2ndF FORMAT G (TYPE) 2 (Time). Press 2ndF QUIT to exit the FORMAT menu. Change to dot mode by pressing 2ndF DRAW D (LINE) ENTER window by pressing WINDOW 1 ENTER () 1 ENTER ENTER 0 ENTER 1 pressing GRAPH. 0 1
ENTER. Enter the viewing 1 ENTER ENTER 1 ENTER () 1 0
ENTER. View the sequence by
6. Turn off sequence mode and dot mode.
18 Advanced Keyboard/CALCULUS USING THE SHARP EL-9900

RECURSIVE SEQUENCES

1. Change to sequence mode, time format, and dot mode. 2. Enter the recursive sequence generator an = an 1 + 2n for u(n) by pressing ( X//T/n ) + 2 X//T/n ENTER. Y= CL 2ndF u 1 Enter a1 = 1 by pressing 1 ENTER.
3. View a table of sequence values by pressing TABLE.

GRAPHING PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS
Steps for graphing a parametric function:
1. Turn the calculator on and press 2ndF SET UP to exit the SET UP menu. 2. Make sure calculator is set to display rectangular coordinates when tracing by pressing 2ndF FORMAT F (CURSOR) 1 (RectCoord). Press 2ndF QUIT to exit the FORMAT menu. 3. To enter the parametric function X1T = 2(cos T)3, Y1T = 2(sin T)3, press Y= CL 2 ( cos X//T/n ) ab 3 ENTER CL 2 ( sin X//T/n ) ab 3 ENTER. Notice, when in parametric mode the X//T/n key provides a T for equation entry. 4. Now, graph the parametric function in the Decimal viewing window by pressing ZOOM A (ZOOM) 7 (Dec). E (COORD) 2 (Param) to change to parametric mode. Press 2ndF QUIT
5. Press TRACE and notice the expression and T values now appear on the range screen.
22 Advanced Keyboard/CALCULUS USING THE SHARP EL-9900
CREATION OF A ONE-VARIABLE DATA SET
Steps for creating a non-weighted one-variable data set
1. Turn the calculator on and press STAT to enter the statistics menu. 2. Touch A (EDIT) ENTER , to view the statistics data entry screen. If there is a data set present within the lists on your calculator, use the arrow keys to move to the list, if necessary, and press to highlight the list label. 3. Press DEL ENTER to delete the old data. Repeat for other lists of data.
4. Move the highlighter to the cell directly below the L1 in the table. Enter the following data set: ENTER 7 ENTER ENTER ENTER 7 ENTER. ENTER ENTER 8 ENTER by pressing 5
5. To check the data you have entered, press to move back through the data values. 6. To sort your data set in an ascending manner, press (OPE) 1 (sortA) 2ndF L1 )

STAT B

ENTER. Press STAT A (EDIT)
ENTER. Notice this first cell now contains the smallest value 3. 7. To save this data set, press (StoLD) 1

LIST C (L_DATA) 1

ENTER. You can store up to ten sets of six lists.
8. To retrieve a data set matrix into a statistical data set, press LIST C (L_DATA) 2 (RclLD) 1 ENTER.
1 Advanced Keyboard/STATISTICS USING THE SHARP EL-9900
Steps for creating a weighted one-variable data set
1. Turn the calculator on and press STAT to enter the statistics menu. 2. Press A (EDIT) ENTER , to view the statistics data entry screen. Remove old data by using the arrow keys to move to the list of data, and press to highlight the list label. Press DEL data. Repeat for other lists of data. 3. Move the highlighter to the cell directly below the L1 in the table. Enter the following data set into L1 with the frequencies entered into L2. If a value appears three times within a data set, its weight or frequency is 3. Enter the following data set using the weights: 7 ENTER 1 ENTER 7 ENTER ENTER 9 by pressing 5 ENTER ENTER ENTER to delete the old
4. To save this data set, press 1 (StoLD) 2 ENTER.

C (L_DATA)

2 Advanced Keyboard/STATISTICS USING THE SHARP EL-9900

12 Advanced Keyboard/STATISTICS USING THE SHARP EL-9900
GRAPHICAL PORTRAYAL OF A TWO-VARIABLE DATA SET
Steps for drawing a scatter diagram of a two-variable data set
1. Consider the following table listing the revenue for a large corporation: Year 7 Revenue (in millions of dollars) 48.63 48.86 48.91 49.69 51.10 52.00 52.03
2. Access the statistics data entry screen and delete old data.
3. Enter the data using L1 for the year and L2 for the revenue (in millions of dollars). Check the data and correct any errors you may find.
4. Press STAT PLOT A (PLOT1) ENTER to access the PLOT1 set up screen. To turn PLOT 1 on, press ENTER. Press 2ndF L1 ENTER. Press 2ndF L2
to set the data to two-variable. Set L1 for the x variable by pressing ENTER to set L2 for the y variable. To set the graph to scatter diagram, press STAT PLOT G (S.D.) and 3 (Scattr ).
5. Construct an autoscaled scatter diagram of this data set by pressing ZOOM A (ZOOM) 9 (Stat). 6. Press TRACE and press
13 Advanced Keyboard/STATISTICS USING THE SHARP EL-9900
1. Turn the calculator on and press STAT to enter the statistics menu. Access the data entry screen by pressing A (EDIT) ENTER. Delete old data and enter the following data set: X 29 Y 30
Check the data you have entered and correct any errors you may find. 2. To find the best-fitting line (regression line) for the data, press D (REG) (Rg_ax+b) and press ENTER. 3. To overlay the regression line and the scatter diagram for the data, you must first set up the scatter diagram by pressing STAT PLOT A (PLOT1) ENTER ENTER ENTER ENTER

2ndF L1 ENTER 2ndF L2

STAT PLOT G (S.D.) and 3 (Scattr ).
4. Display the scatter diagram for the data by pressing WINDOW and setting Xmin = 20, Xmax = 45, Xscl = 5, Ymin = 25, Ymax = 40, and Yscl = 5. Press GRAPH to view the scatter diagram. 5. To view the overlay of the regression line and the scatter diagram, press Y= CL 2ndF VARS H (STAT) ENTER B (REGEQN) 1 (RegEqn) GRAPH.
14 Advanced Keyboard/STATISTICS USING THE SHARP EL-9900

OTHER REGRESSIONS

Steps for calculating other regression models
1. Access the data entry screen and delete old data. Enter the following data set: X 47 Y 66

E (TRIG) and

Steps for graphing the cosecant function. 1. Press Y= CL to remove an old Y1 expression. 2. Enter the cosecant function for Y1 by pressing MATH (csc) and press X//T/n. A (CALC)
3. Continue to use the sine function's built-in viewing range. 4. Press GRAPH to view the graph. 1 Advanced Keyboard/TRIGONOMETRY USING THE SHARP EL-9900
EVALUATING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Steps for evaluating sin 45 directly
1. Turn the calculator on and press
to access the computation screen.
2. Press CL to clear the viewing window of any old expressions. 3. Set the calculator to operate in degrees by pressing 2ndF B (DRG) 1 (Deg). Press 2ndF SET UP
QUIT to exit the menu. ENTER.
4. Enter and evaluate the expression by pressing sin
Steps for approximating sin ( ) graphically 3
1. Press Y= followed by CL to clear an old expression for Y1. 2. Enter the function sin x by pressing sin radian mode by pressing 2nd F 2nd F QUIT to exit the menu. E (TRIG) 1 sin x. SET UP X//T/n. Set the calculator to B (DRG) and 2 (Rad). Press
3. View the graph by pressing ZOOM
4. Now, engage the trace by pressing TRACE and tracing near x = = 1.047. 3 5. With the cursor located near x = 1.047, you can zoom in to find a better approximation for the y value. Press ZOOM in on the cursor. 6. Once again, trace over near x = 1.047. Zoom in one more time to see an even better approximation. The y value of.866 approximates sin ( ). 3 A (ZOOM) 3 (In) to zoom
2 Advanced Keyboard/TRIGONOMETRY USING THE SHARP EL-9900
Steps for evaluating sec ( ) directly in degree mode 4

1. Press

to enter computation mode. SET UP to verify the calculator is in degree mode. If it is not,

2. Press 2ndF

change it to degree mode. Press 2ndF QUIT to exit the menu. 3. Enter and evaluate the expression by pressing MATH (sec) 2ndF a/b 4 A (CALC) (r) and

E (ANGLE) 4

pressing ENTER.
Steps for approximating tan 20 graphically
1. Press Y= and press CL to remove an old expression for Y1. 2. Press 2ndF SET UP to verify the calculator is in degree mode. If it is not, QUIT to exit the menu. X//T/n.

change it. Press 2ndF

3. Enter the function tan x for Y1 by pressing tan
4. Instead of graphing the function in the default viewing window for tangent, press WINDOW adjust the Xmin and Xmax to 10 and 30 (value of interest 10 ) respectively to start out closer to the value of interest. Set the Xscl = 1. Press ZOOM A (ZOOM) and 1 (Auto) to view the graph.
5. Now, engage the trace by pressing TRACE. Notice the tracer appears at x = 20 since it is the middle of the x values. The approximate for tan 20 is.36397. 3 Advanced Keyboard/TRIGONOMETRY USING THE SHARP EL-9900
GRAPHICAL VERIFICATION OF FORMULAS AND IDENTITIES

to move the cursor over the A in B to insert B. Press DEL to
the numerator of the fraction. Press ALPHA
11 Advanced Keyboard/TRIGONOMETRY USING THE SHARP EL-9900
A rectangle has a length 16 cm and a width 8.6 cm. Find the degree measure of angle A. Determine the length of the diagonal of the rectangle.

8.6 A( 16

SOLVER to access the SOLVER, and press CL to delete
the equation that is on the screen. A 2. Enter the equation tan = B by pressing tan a/b ALPHA A ALPHA B. ALPHA ALPHA =
3. Press ENTER to view the variable list. 4. Enter 8.6 for A and 16 for B. (The value of will be listed as the one that was used in the previously entered equation.) 5. Position the cursor over and press 2ndF EXE to find.
6. To determine the length of the diagonal of the rectangle, return to the equation by pressing CL sin = A/C. 7. Press ENTER to see the variable list. The value of should be as before, so enter 8.6 for A and solve for C. 12 Advanced Keyboard/TRIGONOMETRY USING THE SHARP EL-9900
CL and edit the current equation to read

LAW OF SINES

Use the Graphic Solver with the Law of Sines.
1. Set the calculator to degrees by pressing 2ndF and 1 (Deg). Press 2ndF SET UP B (DRG)
QUIT to exit the set up screen. SOLVER CL. Enter X sin A sin B = Y X ALPHA = a/b
2. To access the SOLVER, press 2ndF by pressing a/b sin ALPHA B sin ALPHA ALPHA A Y.
3. Store it into memory by pressing 2ndF

C (SAVE) pressing

ENTER , and typing in LAWSINES. Press ENTER to store the formula. 4. Press 2ndF SOLVER A (METHOD) 3 (Graphic) to choose the
Graphic Solver. Press ENTER for the list of variables. 5. With the blinking cursor over the A, type in 95 and press ENTER. Next, type 15 for x, the length of the side opposite the 95, and press ENTER. Enter 48 for B in the same manner. Solve for y by positioning the blinking cursor over the y and press 2ndF EXE.
6. You must enter the range values for the unknown (from BEGIN to END) within which you expect to find the solution. Let the BEGIN = 5 by pressing 5 ENTER. Enter a value for END that you do not expect y to exceed, 5 ENTER. Press 2ndF EXE and an autoscaled say 25, by pressing 2 equation. 7. The calculator will now display a box in the center of the viewing screen while it looks for the intersection of the two graphs. The solution is displayed at the bottom of the screen.
plot will be drawn showing graphs of the left and right sides of the current
13 Advanced Keyboard/TRIGONOMETRY USING THE SHARP EL-9900

LAW OF COSINES

Use the Newton Solver with the Law of Cosines.
1. Access the SOLVER with 2ndF SOLVER (or press CL twice if you are still SOLVER A (METHOD) and
in the SOLVER). Press CL to delete the current equation. Return to the Equation Solver by pressing 2ndF 1 (Equation). 2. Next enter the Law of Cosines by pressing ALPHA ALPHA Y X cos x

ALPHA N PRGM 3 ) )

ALPHA B ENTER 5 ( X//T/n + ALPHA B B Y STO ALPHA ALPHA
ENTER ALPHA D B ENTER PRGM PRGM PRGM F 2.5(X+.5)X.5(Y+1)Y Goto D Label C. 6 ENTER ENTER
B ALPHA N MATH ( ) PRGM B 1 D C ) ) STO STO ENTER ENTER
ALPHA C ENTER 5 ( X//T/n +. ENTER ( Y B B ALPHA ENTER ALPHA ALPHA Y + 5

X//T/n ALPHA PRGM PRGM

9 Advanced Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900
THE SIERPINSKI TRIANGLE (continued)
.5XX.5YY Label D PntON(X,Y) I+1I If I2000 Goto A. X//T/n ALPHA B 0 DRAW ) ENTER I B 2 A A 0 + ENTER ENTER 1 STO ALPHA 0 PRGM ALPHA I I STO Y 1 B X//T/n STO ALPHA D ENTER Y ENTER , ALPHA ENTER ALPHA X//T/n PRGM 2ndF Y ALPHA ENTER PRGM F End Press 2ndF 6 ALPHA PRGM MATH B 0 2
3. Press Y= and CL to clear the Y1 prompt. Press and CL to clear additional prompts. Press WINDOW 0 ENTER 1 ENTER 1 ENTER 0 ENTER 1 ENTER 1 ENTER. Execute the SIERPINS program by pressing PRGM Triangle. A (EXEC) and selecting SIERPINS. The
program will slowly generate 2000 random points that create the Sierpinski
10 Advanced Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900

THE MANDELBROT SET

1. Program the calculator to plot the Mandelbrot set, which is the set of all points in the complex plane such that |zn|<2 for all n, where zn is the nth iterate of 0 under zn+1=zn2+c. The graph is generated from a construction of a fractal by means of an iterated system. 2. Create a new program with the name MANDEL. Enter the following program and remember to press ENTER at the end of each line. If you make a mis take, use the calculators editing features to correct the error. 3. Enter the following program: 1J 0K Label A K+1K -2+4J100M 24K100N MX NY 1C Label B X Y +MR 2XY+NS R2+S2Z If Z>4 Goto C

STO STO B

ALPHA ALPHA 0 K + 4 N M N B x2 M + 1
ENTER ENTER A ENTER K ENTER Y B x2 R + S Z 2 ENTER ENTER + ENTER ALPHA x2 STO N 0 STO ALPHA J 1
PRGM ALPHA ENTER (-) STO 2 ALPHA ALPHA ALPHA 1 STO PRGM X//T/n ALPHA 2 STO ALPHA ALPHA PRGM F 3 2

ALPHA M K

ALPHA ENTER STO STO ALPHA 0 x1 STO S + 3
X//T/n ALPHA C ALPHA Y Y ALPHA ENTER ALPHA ALPHA B 0

X//T/n R Z B 4

ENTER MATH ALPHA C PRGM
11 Advanced Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900
THE MANDELBROT SET (continued)

X//T/n ALPHA ALPHA A E U
13 Advanced Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900
NEWTONS METHOD (continued)
4. Press Y= and CL to clear the Y1 prompt. Press and CL to clear additional prompts. Press X//T/n xfunction for which you want to find the roots. Enter xby pressing ENTER. Execute the NEWTONS program by pressing PRGM by pressing. 0 A (EXEC) and select NEWTONS. The program will ENTER. Next, the program will prompt you ENTER. A blinking cursor in the
prompt you for the accuracy you desire in calculating the root. Enter.001 for your guess. Enter 1 by pressing 1 press
upper right-hand corner tells you the program is still working. Continue to ENTER until the blinking cursor is gone. The last value on the screen is your approximate for the root. You can repeat this program for other roots by pressing ENTER to execute the program again with another guess. You can repeat the program for other functions by pressing Y= and changing the Y1 function to the new one. If program with the error. Correct the error and execute the program again.
14 Advanced Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900
you receive an error statement, press
to return to the Y1 prompt. Enter the

CONVERGENCE OF A SERIES

1. Program the calculator to bounce a ball. The ball will be dropped from a given height, with a given bounce factor (the percentage the ball bounces up of the distance dropped). The number of bounces will also be requested. Repeated runs of the program, with a fixed height and fixed bounce factor, will allow you to examine the convergence of the series. The series is the sum of the distance traveled by the ball in its bounces. 2. Create a new program with the name BOUNCE. Enter the following program and remember to press ENTER at the end of each line. If you make a mis take, use the calculators editing features to correct the error. 3. Enter the following program: Input H Input F Input N 0X 0D -1Xmin 2N+1Xmax 1Xscl -1Ymin H+1Ymax 1Yscl ClrDraw Label A Line(X,H,X+1, 0) PRGM PRGM PRGM (-) (-) STO STO 1 A A A 3 ALPHA ALPHA ALPHA D H F N ENTER ENTER ENTER
X//T/n ALPHA STO N 2 2ndF STO H A + 5 2ndF +
ENTER ENTER VARS 1 STO B VARS STO B B ENTER 2ndF A 1 B
ENTER ALPHA A STO 1 VARS A 3 A B ENTER ENTER 2ndF 1 VARS A 1 A + 1 B 2ndF ENTER ENTER VARS A ENTER ALPHA ENTER 1 STO ENTER 2ndF PRGM 2ndF H , DRAW B 0 DRAW X//T/n ENTER A , 0 ENTER , ) ALPHA ENTER X//T/n ALPHA ENTER ENTER VARS ENTER
15 Advanced Keyboard/PROGRAMMING USING THE SHARP EL-9900
CONVERGENCE OF A SERIES (continued)
D+HD FHH Line(X+1,0,X+2, H) D+HD X+2X If X<2N Goto A ClrT Print DIST TRAVELED IS Print D End Press 2ndF 4. Press Y= PRGM ALPHA D H 2ndF 0 , ENTER ALPHA D X//T/n PRGM ALPHA PRGM PRGM 2ndF R A PRGM PRGM D + B A C A V A A E 1 L + ALPHA STO 3 N H STO ENTER F ALPHA ENTER X//T/n PRGM B X//T/n MATH ALPHA D F DRAW X//T/n + A + ALPHA ALPHA H H STO STO + 1 H ALPHA ALPHA , ) ENTER ENTER X//T/n , ALPHA