BASIC Comparison Sheet

Marcus von Cube <marcus@mvcsys.de>

History

06.01.2009 08.01.2009 10.01.2009 15.01.2009 26.01.2009 31.01.2009 02.02.2009 08.02.2009 04.03.2009 22.03.2009 12.04.2009 15.04.2009 02.08.2009 09.10.2009 14.12.2009 19.01.2011 Casio and Sharp Prog/Vars/Mem page HP-71, TI-74, CC-40 added Some clarifications, functions page started, HP-75 Functions completed, commands page started Output commands, including graphics almost complete Some more details about files Epson HX-20 & TRS-80 Model 100 Sharp PC-1403 Canon X-07 Casio FP-200 Casio BASIC ROM OM53-B for PB-2000C/AI-1000, USING fixed for PB-1000 and OM-53B Minor bugs fixed (Sharp and CURSOR command) Differences between Sharp PC-E500 and PC-E500S, extra page for Casio MODE commands Some clarifications on PEEK/POKE for low end Sharps Sharp PC-1350/PC1421 added.

Introduction

This document tries to compare the different BASIC dialects offered by various pocket computers made by Casio, Sharp, HP, TI and other vendors. It is work in progress. Any comments and additions are welcome. I'm the author of the CASsette I/O Utilities which enable the access to files created by various Casio and some other BASIC pocket computers and transferred via the sound card or a floppy drive to your desktop system. The package includes programs which understand and decipher the tokenized form of a stored BASIC program or create it from a BASIC source text stored on your PC or Mac. I realized that there are many differences between the implementations, ranging from a few minor annoyances to huge gaps in functionality. Here I want to share my findings in table form. The document will always be incomplete in several ways: I only have access to a limited number of different machines, and I do not plan to cover every aspect of each implementation. I concentrate on areas where the systems are reasonably comparable. This excludes language extensions for special purposes or special software packages. The tables do not try to replace the manuals but will probably aid in finding the correct pages in them.

The Tables

On the following pages you will find the pocket computers in my possession or from which I do have a manual, compared in different areas. There are many more variants of these machines with different memory configurations or some additional features. If you have information or a manual, just send a copy! Blue entries are manual (non programmable) commands, or mark an example. Grey entries are either not available or obsolete. Green arguments are optional and have defaults. Workarounds replace functions which are not implemented. 1. ProgVarsMem compares program editing, variables and memory organization 2. Functions compares the built in functions and operators (strings, math, etc.) 3. Commands compares program flow, subroutines, error handling 4. Special commands collects non obvious information from diverse areas.

BASIC comparison sheet

Page 1
Programs, Variables and Memory
Vendor PB-100 PB-300 FX-700P FX-710P PB-220 FX-720P FX-730P FX-770P FX-785P FX-790P FX-795P Casio FX-850P FX-880P PB-1000 PB-2000C/AI-1000 with BASIC ROM OM-53B

FX-702

PB-700

PB-770

FX-750P

FP-200

Syntax specifics Abbreviations Line numbers Line length Comments Program areas
Spaces are insignificant. All keywords and variables must be entered in uppercase letters. N/A 1-Comments are N/A REM, rest of line is ignored. 0-9, PROG n selects area. Keyboard functions P0-P9 start program. 79

Long variable names, case sensitive, must not start with a keyword. Maximum length is 255. All variables are independent. Undefined variables return 0. DEFDBL, DEFSGL <letter range> and suffixes #and ! allow double or single precision. Variables of different types are independent from each other.

Numeric range

BCD, 10 digits, 2 digits exponent. Special symbol for the exponent.
BCD, 10 or 5 digits, 2 digits exponent
BCD, 10 digits, 2 digits exponent.
BCD with 2 digts exponent. Single precision: 6+3 digits. Doube precision: 16+3 digits. The three guard digits are not displayed.
Fixed string variables A$-Z$, 7 characters, share memory with A-Z. String variables Registered two letter (+$) string variables, 16 characters. Use of undefined two letter string variables results in an error. String variable names follow the rules of numeric variables+$. String length is dynamic up to 255 characters. The total amount of string space must be set by CLEAR. Undefined string variables return an empty string. ST error "STRING" ASCII + japanese + graphics ASCII NO DIM A(.) defines normal array, two letter names allowed. DIM A!(.) defines "half-precision" array, only A!-Z! allowed. "String", "String Trailing quote can be omitted on line end. ASCII + japanese + symbols Yes Same as PB-700 ASCII + symbols Yes See left. DEFSTR <letter range> allows names without $.

$, 30 characters.

$, 62 characters.
String too long String literals Character set Lower case "STRING" FX-702P NO

ERR 6 PB-100

Silent truncation "String" PB-100 extended Yes

Arrays

A(.) overlaps variables A0, A1, etc., created by DEFM <blocks>.
A(.)-Z(.) overlap A-Z: A(0)-A(25) are A-Z, B(0)-B(24) are B-Z,. Z(0) is Z.
DIM A(.) creates independent array. Maximum of 8 arrays.
DIM Name(.) defines array. Array names follow the rules of numeric variables.

String arrays

A$(.)-Z$(.) overlap the fixed DIM A$(.) creates independent string string variables A$-Z$ (see array, 7 characters. above.)
DIM A$(.)*L defines string array with defined length L, which defaults to 16 characters. Only A$-Z$ allowed. Length can be an expression. Maximum string length is 80. Two dimensions, up to 255. Dimensions can be expressions.
DIM Name$(.) defines string array. String array names follow the rules of string variables. String length is dynamic up to 255 characters. The total amount of string space must be set by CLEAR. Up to three dimensions. Size is limited by memory. OPTION BASE 0 or 1 set the lowest index for next DIM. Arrays of dimension (10), (10,10) or (10,10,10) can be created implicitly by an assignment.

EDIT <file> creates or selects file. Up and LIST <line> or up and down arrow display lines for down arrow select lines for editing. FETCH editing. Lines must be deleted using DEL, simple entry <line>/<label> selects specific line. of a number is treated as a computation.
AUTO, DELETE, RENUMBER DELETE ALL deletes all lines in current file.
NUM/NUMBER, DEL/DELETE, REN/RENUMBER NEW deletes program and variables. NEW ALL clears all memory (total reset). CALL ADDMEM (see below) forces NEW ALL. FRE(n), n=0.5 0, 1: see left 2: free + temporary mem 3: largest block size 4: free memory 5: # of free blocks
Kill program(s) PURGE <file> deletes file from internal RAM, port or device. MEM returns free memory. Show memory
FRE(dummy number) returns free space for programs. FRE("dummy string") returns free string space. MAXRAM returns the highest available memory address. HIMEM returns the currently set upper memory address for BASIC or files.
MEM(port) returns free space in specified port. SHOWPORT lists available ports.
FRE(n), n=0,1 0: total user memory, 1: space used by program and variables.
The manual documents all system pointers. Use PEEK to get the corresponding values.
STAT area prints size of current or selected program. STAT ALL prints a complete overview.
CALL ADDMEM adds RAM module to user memory. NEW ALL releases the RAM module. Both commands clear all memory.
Ports N/A. Memory allocation
CLAIM PORT(port) and FREE PORT(port) add or remove port memory to main memory.
No machine language support.
CLEAR <str>,<himem> clears all variables an sets size of the string area and the CLEAR <str>,<himem> BASIC upper memory limit which is below clears all variables, sets size of string area CLEAR <str>,<RAM file> clears all the file area. and the HIMEM value. Use MAXRAM as the variables, sets size of string area and size second argument to recover all available of the RAM file. FSET <size> reserves memory for the file RAM. CALL GETMEM(size,ptr) area at top of memory. If the size is less or MEMSET <address> sets aside low returns a free memory equal to the size of an inserted RAM card, memory for machine language programs. block for machine language The RAM file system works "in place", so this card can be used as a removal editing any file, BASIC or TEXT, moves Default address is &H0A40. use. Variable ptr is filesystem. memory around and affects the free initialized with the base If the power up routine detects a space. Machine language programs are WIDTH <cols>,<rows>,<margin> address. configuration change (e. g. RAM card allocates the virtual screen area and CALL RELMEM(adr) releases copied to their saved memory location and swap) you are prompted to allow can only be loaded if enough high memory affects the free space. the block. adjustment of the system pointers. So is reserved. cards of different size can be used alternately. See FRE(.)

String variable names follow the rules of numeric A$-Z$, A0$-A9$.Z0$-Z9$. DIM A$[L] sets string length to L. variables+$. String length is dynamic up to 255 Default is 32, maximum is memory dependent. String characters. String variables are created by a manual allocation is static. String variables are independent but assignment or automatically by RUN if used in a arrays and simple variables cannot share the same name. program. Use of undefined string variables results in an Undefined string variables return an empty string. error. ERR:Excess Chars "String with 'quotes' ", 'String with "quotes" ' ASCII + symbols Yes DIM A(.) defines array. REAL, SHORT or INTEGER A(.) define arrays of certain type. See above for naming restrictions. Static declaration like TI-74. Dimension and size can be expressions. Existing arrays can be redimensioned without data loss. DIM A$(n)[L] defines string array and sets string length to L. See above for naming restrictions. Only one dimension allowed. Default length is 32, maximum is memory dependent. DIM Name(.) defines array. Array names follow the rules of numeric variables. DIM statements are static declarations and must appear above any reference to the array in the program. DIM cannot appear after THEN or ELSE. After a DIM statement only comments are allowed on the same line. DIM Name$(.) defines string array. Array names follow the rules of numeric variables. String length is dynamic up to 255 characters. See above for DIM statement restrictions. Three dimensions. Size is only limited by memory. Dimensions must be constant. Arrays of dimension (10), (10,10) or (10,10,10) can be created implicitly by an assignment. Program editing, power cycling, NEW or RUN delete all variables. N/A CALL CLEANUP clears variables not used by the program. E3 Mismatch "String with ""quotes"" "
String variable names follow the rules of numeric variables+$. String length is dynamic up to 255 characters. Undefined string variables return an empty string. DEFSTR <letter range> allows names without $.

Trigonometrics, hyperbolics

RND ctrl N/A

RND ctrl, 0 < ctrl < 1: 0 result < 1, ctrl > 2: int result < CEIL(ctrl), ctrl < 0: use previous ctrl value
Set random seed Clear statistics registers Add data point Statistics Remove data point List sums and results Sums Means and standard deviations Linear regression coefficients Linear estimations

RANDOMIZE

Only in manual STAT mode
Interactive application. Japanese prompts on G820 and G850!

Page 12

Set time and date Get time and date Get timer value Read memory Various functions Modify memory Get variable address Call machine language
TIME= MMDDhh.mmss TIME b=PEEK a POKE a,b1,b2,. Fixed addresses CALL addr,params N/A
b=PEEK a On some machines you can only PEEK the RAM addresses. POKE a,b1,b2,. On the low end machines (124x), a colon after the command may be necessary. Fixed variables are at fixed addresses. CALL address N/A CALL #bank, address calls ROM bank N/A N/A
User defined function Multi line Recursion Swap Variables N/A N/A
PC-1421 financial functions: COMP <fin var>, AMRT, ACC, BGNON, BGNOFF, DAYSI(dd.mmyyyy,dd.mmyyyy), DAYSII()

Page 13

Vendor HP TI
Tandy Radio Shack Canon Epson

TRS-80 Model 100

Syntax remarks Precision of mathematical functions Concatenation REAL
All function arguments need parentheses. Default precision string1 & string2 String[from,to] <to> defaults to end of string. Can also be on left side of assignment: Substring is cut and replacement inserted. LEN(string) CHR$(code) NUM(char) STR$(expression) VAL(string), string must be valid expression. Numeric expressions are evaluated. VAL(string), string must be valid number. NUMERIC(string) tests if string is a number. Numeric expressions not supported. N/A RPT$(string,count) ABS(x) SGN(x) IP(x) FP(x) INT(x), FLOOR(x) CEIL(x) IP(x * 10^d + 0.5) / 10^d, IP(X*100+0.5)/100 Display only: PRINT USING"DDD.DD";X N/A FIX d, SCI d, ENG d set display precision PI VER$, INF VER$, INF, NAN, EPS, MINREAL, MAXREAL MAX(a,b) MIN(a,b) No x^y a DIV b, a \ b MOD(a,b) RMD(a,b) N/A a * p / 100 RED(a,b) p%a INT(a / b) a b * INT(a / b) SGN(a) * (ABS(a) ABS(b) * INT(ABS(a/b))) N/A a * p / 100 <, <=, =<, >, >=, =>, =, <>, >< -1 NOT, AND, OR, XOR N/A CALL VERSION(V) returns BASIC version. -(a > b) * a - (a <= b) * b -(a > b) * b - (a <= b) * a SGN(x) * INT(ABS(x)) SGN(x) * (ABS(x) INT(ABS(x))) INT(x) -INT(-x) INT(x * 10^d + 0.5) / 10^d, INT(X*100+0.5)/100 Display only: PRINT USING "###.##";X USING works for current line only. ASC(char)

EXP(x) 1 INT(LOG(ABS(x))) for x <> 0 SQR(x) x ^ (1/3), x 0 x ^ (1 / y) x*x x^3 SIN(x), COS(x), TAN(x)
Exponent part of number Square root x Cube root x General root yx Square x2 Cube x3 sin x, cos x, tan x sin-1 x
ASIN(x) ACOS(x) ATAN(x) SEC(x), CSC(x), COT(x)
ASN(x), ASIN(x) ACS(x), ACOS(x) ATN(x), ATAN(x) ANGLE(x,y)

ASN(x) ACS(x)

ASIN(x) ACOS(x) ATN(x)
ATN(x / SQR(1 x*x)) ATN(x / SQR(1 x*x)) ATN(x) 1 / COS(x), 1 / SIN(x), 1 / TAN(x) ATN(y / x), result probably in wrong quadrant (EXP(x) EXP(-x)) / 2 (EXP(x) + EXP(-x)) / 2 12*EXP(x)/(EXP(x)+EXP(-x)) LOG(x + SQR(x*x + 1)) LOG(x + SQR(x*x 1)) LOG((1 + x) / (1 x)) / 2 All angles are in radians and must be converted in advance.

cos tan

1 / COS(x), 1 / SIN(x), 1 / TAN(x) ATN(y / x), result probably in wrong quadrant SINH(x) COSH(x) TANH(x) ASINH(x) ACOSH(x) ATANH(x) (EXP(x) EXP(-x)) / 2 (EXP(x) + EXP(-x)) / 2 12*EXP(x)/(EXP(x)+EXP(-x)) LN(x + SQR(x*x + 1)) LN(x + SQR(x*x 1)) LN((1 + x) / (1 x)) / 2 DEG RAD GRAD
(EXP(x) EXP(-x)) / 2 (EXP(x) + EXP(-x)) / 2 12*EXP(x)/(EXP(x)+EXP(-x)) LOG(x + SQR(x*x + 1)) LOG(x + SQR(x*x 1)) LOG((1 + x) / (1 x)) / 2 OPTION ANGLE DEGREES OPTION ANGLE RADIANS GRAD is N/A. OPTION ANGLE optional on HP-71 FACT(n) N/A

(FACT(n r)*FACT(r)) RND

FACT(n) / FACT(n r) Only in CALC mode FACT(n) /

RND, INTRND(bound)

RND(ctrl) ctrl > 0: next in series ctrl = 0: repeat last # ctrl < 0: new series FOR I=1 TO VAL(RIGHT$(TIME$,2)): D=RND(1):NEXT
Set random seed Clear statistics registers Add data point Statistics Remove data point List sums and results Sums Means and standard deviations Linear regression coefficients Linear estimations N/A
RANDOMIZE seed If seed is omitted use system value. STAT Array(# of cols) up to 15 columns CLSTAT clears current ADD x1,x2,. DROP x1,x2,. Display the array TOTAL(0), TOTAL(column) MEAN(col) SDEV(col) LR col-y, col-x, A, B PREDEV(x) (after LR) Only in CALC mode N/A
RND(ctrl) ctrl > 0: next in series ctrl = 0: seed automatically ctrl < 0: seed with ctrl value
RND(ctrl) ctrl > 0: next in series (default) ctrl = 0: repeat last # ctrl < 0: new series RANDOMIZE seed If seed is omitted user is prompted.

Page 15

Use TIME mode
SETDATE, SETTIME, ADJABS, ADJUST,.
TIME$="hh:mm:ss" DATE$="mm/dd/yy", DAY$="xxx" DATE$ format for Europe: "dd/mm/yy". TIME$, DATE$, DAY$
TIME$="hh:mm:ss" DATE$="yyyy/mm/dd" Unchanged parts may be omitted. TIME$, DATE$ N/A

TIME$="hh:mm:ss" DATE$="mm/dd/yy" DAY=d (1.7) TIME$, DATE$, DAY
TIME, DATE, TIME$, DATE$ (YY/MM/DD) TIME PEEK$(adr$,nibbles) N/A POKE adr$,hex$ N/A Use external development system and LEX files DEF FN X(.)=., DEF FN X$(.)=. Names follow variable syntax. DEF FN X(.) / LET FN X=. / FN END Allowed N/A Can be installed Can be installed CALL PEEK(address,b1,b2,.) CALL POKE(address,b1,b2,.) N/A CALL EXEC(address,parameters) CALL GETMEM reserves space.
PEEK(address), INP(port) POKE address,byte, OUT port,byte VARPTR(var) EXEC address CALL address,A,HL A=USR(address,param)
PEEK(address) POKE address,byte
DEF USRn=address (n=0.9) A=USRn(param) (n=0.9)
User defined function Multi line Recursion Swap Variables
SUB/SUBEND define a procedure which can return a value via a parameter. Function return values are not available. Not allowed N/A
DEF FN X(.)=., DEF FN X$(.)=. Names follow variable syntax. N/A
SWAP var1,var2 With string variables, only the pointers are swapped.

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Commands
Vendor PB-100 PB-300 FX-700P FX-710P PB-220 FX-720P FX-730P FX-770P FX-785P FX-790P FX-795P N/A GTO/GSB instead of GOTO/GOSUB, syntax as with PB-100. GTO variable GOTO var #area (0-9) PROG area (0-9) #area (0-9) Casio FX-850P FX-880P PB-1000 PB-2000C/AI-1000 with BASIC ROM OM-53B N/A "File" "File" may be expression. Available THEN is mandatory except before GOTO Available Allowed, nearest ELSE belongs to nested IF. PROG area (0-9) Targets are constant.
Labels Syntax for branch targets besides line numbers ON. GOTO/GOSUB IF. THEN. IF. THEN. ELSE. Program flow Nested IF Multiline IF. ENDIF WHILE. WEND REPEAT. UNTIL SWITCH. CASE. ENDSWITCH FOR I=1 TO 2 STEP -1 NEXT I Variable name on NEXT
*Label: (>30 chars allowed) #area, *Label
Number or area may be an expression, even in ON. GOTO targets. Available THEN is mandatory, ";" is obsolete. GOTO variable THEN is mandatory

Targets are constant.

Use ";" before commands, THEN only before jump targets. ELSE is N/A.
Allowed. Unambiguous because ELSE is not available.

Available

Loop is executed once, I=0 after loop. Mandatory
Loop not executed, I=1 after loop. Optional, multiple variables allowed.
Function and position of END
Executable command anywhere in program. Not executable from keyboard.
Executable command anywhere in program. Closes all files. Executable from keyboard.
Local procedure definition besides GOSUB/RETURN Return from procedure Subroutines RET
Use separate program area.
Use program area or set a label. RETURN, Z-1GR supports RETURN target

Use extra file.

Variable scope
All variables are global.

Graphical patterns N/A More graphics commands (x,y) outside screen area Error N/A
CIRCLE(x,y), r,mode PAINT(x,y)

N/A Error

INIT(X0,Y0),DX,DY sets origin and number of pixels for a unit of 1.
Printer interface and type

FP-10 (matrix)

FA-3 with FP-12S (matrix)
FA-10 or FA-4 with FP-100 FA-20 (matrix) (pen plotter)
FP-100 (pen plotter) connected through FA-6 (except PB-1000, which uses FA-7 or MD-100)

Centronics.

Printer output Printer Redirect display to printer Set width for printer output Set Printer to text or graphics mode

LIST/PRT in MODE 7

LIST/PRINT in MODE 7 MODE 7/8 turn printer on/off
LLIST/LPRINT N/A LPRINT CHR$(28);CHR$(x) x=46: text, x=37: graphics (FA-10 plotter) PRINT ON/OFF
LLIST/LPRINT or redirected LIST/PRINT MODE 7/8 turn printer on/off N/A

LLIST/LPRINT N/A

See PB-700 Printer commands in graphics mode N/A Use LPRINT to send plotter commands. N/A N/A
Additional printer commands in text mode

LPRINT escape sequence

Page 18
Beeper N/A Frequency range INP"prompt",variable(s), "prompt",variables(s),.
BEEP pitch N/A 0: low pitch (default), 1: high pitch INPUT "prompt";variable(s) Only one prompt allowed. Comma suppresses "?" after prompt. Number or (quoted) string. Unquoted strings are stripped on both ends. Values are separated by commas. Empty input causes ?TM error except for a single string variable.
Interactive data input Behavior of comma or semicolon after prompt
INPUT"prompt",variable(s),"prompt",variable(s),.
INPUT"prompt",variable(s),"prompt";variable(s),.
Semicolon is not allowed. Prompt is always followed by "? " and display is cleared upon first key press.
Semicolon adds "?" to prompt, comma suppresses it. Numeric expression or unquoted string. Values are separated by EXE. Empty input leaves numbers unchanged and sets strings to an empty string. Arrow keys allow full screen edit. Rest of line from cursor is accepted as input. A$=INKEY$, returns "" if no key pressed.
Numeric expression or unquoted string must be entered. You cannot skip input. Values are searated by EXE (resp. ENTER/RETURN) Allowed input values and keys EXE without value suspends execution, CONT resumes. AC clears error condition. STOP suspends execution, EXE resumes input. AC clears error condition. IN aborts program. CLS clears screen but input continues. BRK aborts (CONT does not work.) ANS/STOP works as answer key.

Read keyboard directly

A$=KEY, returns "" if no key pressed.
A$=KEY$, returns "" if no key pressed.
A$=INPUT$(count) returns exactly count key presses.

Some special key codes

Only unshifted codes and no special keys returned by KEY or KEY$
EXE=13, LEFT/RIGHT=29/28, UP/DOWN=30/31, FX-850P/880P only: S=14, no combined codes PB-1000: Display sensor fields return 240.255 (top left to bottom right), only with INKEY$ not INPUT$() ANS key returns last result. Full screen editor works in INPUT mode.
ENTER=13, LEFT/RIGHT=29/28, UP/DOWN=30/31, DEL=17, HOME=11 PF-Keys return strings. N/A Data elements are quoted or unquoted strings or numeric constants.
Read display contents as input DATA/READ/RESTORE
ANS key returns last result. N/A
Data elements are quoted or unquoted strings or numeric constants. The line number in RESTORE may be an expression. "CASp:(s)name" p=0/1 (phase) s=S/F (slow/fast) Default is "CAS0:(F)" Name is 8 characters. All parts of name can be omitted. "CAS0:name" Name is 8 chars. Phase & speed are set with switches. At least "CAS0:" must be provided.

Tape filename syntax

"NNNN." (up to 8 identical chars) Name can be omitted and defaults to unnamed or first file found.
"name" (8 chars) Name can be omitted and defaults to unnamed or first file found.
No tape interface commands.
"CAS0:name" Name is 8 chars and can be omitted.

Other storage devices

Serial I/O: "COM0:parameters" Floppy disk: "0:name8.ext" (No floppy with FX-850P/FX-880P) SAVE "name" N/A SAVE ALL "name" (tape only)
Serial, floppy see left. RAM disk "name8.ext"
Serial I/O: "COM0:" (baud rate is 300 fix) Floppy disk: "0:name8.ext" SAVE "CAS0:name" Cassette is default device. N/A PASS "password" sets password for all areas and inhibits SAVE or LIST. SAVE "name","password" sets password for cassette file. SAVE "name" SAVE "name",A LOAD "CAS0:name" N/A
Save program to tape in binary Save multiple programs Program files

Draw (filled) rectangle N/A Draw line or polygon GCURSOR x positions cursor GPRINT "hex" outputs bits. Can be freely mixed with PRINT.

Graphical patterns

More graphics commands (x,y) outside screen area Error
LCD is memory mapped. See special commands page for details.
N/A Virtual screen CE-126P (matrix), works with all Sharps with 11 pin connector. CE-140P (matrix plotter) CE-515P (pen plotter) N/A See PC-1360 Serial printer with level shifter LLIST/LPRINT PRINT=LPRINT turns printer on, PRINT=PRINT turns printer off. Keyboard function P<->NP switches between these modes. CONSOLE n GRAPH, LTEXT (CE-140P, CE-515P, needs OPEN/CLOSE) N/A CIRCLE, COLOR, CROTATE, CSIZE, GLCURSOR, LLINE, PAINT, SORGN LF, OPEN/CLOSE for CE-515P N/A CONSOLE n GRAPH, LTEXT (CE-140P, CE-515P, needs OPEN/CLOSE) CIRCLE, COLOR, CROTATE, CSIZE, GLCURSOR, LLINE, PAINT, SORGN LF, OPEN/CLOSE for CE-515P N/A
N/A Virtual screen with clipping CE-515P (pen plotter) with CE-516L. Any serial printer through RS-232 with level shifter.
CE-150 (pen plotter, contains ROM with BASIC commands)

CE-122 (matrix)

No other printer available
Any serial printer through RS232 with level shifter.
LLIST/LPRINT N/A GRAPH TEXT (CE-150) COLOR, CSIZE, GLCURSOR, LINE, RLINE, ROTATE, SORIGIN
Switch on CE-122. Disables some LIST functionality. N/A

CONSOLE n

Printer commands in graphics mode
See PC-1475. Only CE-515P supported. OPEN and CLOSE are mandatory.

LF, LCURSOR, TAB, TEST

Page 22

Beeper Frequency range

BEEP count,frq,time or ON/OFF Duration depends on time and frq. Frequency 1.3E6/(166+22*frq) 0: 7kHz, 129: 440Hz, 255: 230Hz
BEEP count Only a single pitch available. PC-1246 is mute.
BEEP count,frq,time Duration depends on time and frq. Syntax like PC-1500. Same as PC-E500 Frequency = 256000/(90+4*frq) Buzzer is not connected on G820 My PC-1280 seems to have a speed up installed and beeps higher. 0: 2844,4Hz, 123: 440Hz, 255: 230,6Hz and G850 models. INPUT"prompt",variable(s), "prompt";variables(s)
INPUT"prompt",variable(s), "prompt";variables(s):more statements
Comma forces prompt to be cleared on first key press, semicolon leaves prompt in display. "?" is only displayed if no prompt is specified or after input errors. Numeric expression or unquoted string. Values are separated by ENTER. Empty input lines leave numbers and strings unchanged and skip the rest of the program line. INPUT acts as a conditional statement! Numeric expression or unquoted string. Values are separated by ENTER. Empty input lines leave numbers and strings unchanged.

Allowed input values and keys
CL/CLS/C-CE clears input field or error condition. DOWN single steps. UP suspends execution. Shift-CA stops program. BRK/BREAK interrupt programs (can be resumed with CONT). On some machines INPUT has some display problems with multiple prompts or in error situations if the prompt is not positioned in first column. A$=INKEY$, returns "" if no key pressed. A$=INKEY$, returns code repeatedly as long as key is down. N/A ENTER=13, UP/DOWN=11/10, LEFT/RIGHT=8/12, F-Keys=17.22, SHIFT=1, SML=2, no combined codes.
ENTER and other special keys do not return codes.
ENTER=13, UP/DOWN=4/5, LEFT/RIGHT=15/14, 2nd/SHIFT=16, no combined codes. Most special keys return codes below 32 or above 127.
See left for INKEY$. INPUT$ returns CHR$(00)+code for some special keys (see manual). N/A
Read display contents as input DATA/READ/RESTORE See right
AREAD var Must be first statement directly after a label that can be reached with the DEF key. Program must be started with DEF+label, ignored otherwise. N/A Data elements are quoted strings, string expressions or numeric expressions. The line number in RESTORE may be an expression.
Data elements are quoted or unquoted strings or numeric constants. Restore target may be *label. "name" (8 chars) with CSAVE, CLOAD, etc. "CAS:name" with OPEN. Name part can be omitted and defaults to unnamed or first file found Serial I/O: Serial I/O: "COM:" (not with "parameters" LOAD/SAVE, OPEN only) RAM/Pocket disk: RAM disk: "name8.ext" (not with "d:name8.ext" d=F/X OPEN) CSAVE "name" N/A "name" (8 chars) with CSAVE, CLOAD, etc. "CAS:name" with SAVE, LOAD, MERGE, CHAIN, OPEN. Name can be omitted and defaults to unnamed or first file found Serial I/O: "COM:parameters" RAM/Pocket disk: "d:name8.ext" d=E/F/X Name defaults to serial I/O if omitted. CSAVE "name" COPY source TO destination with wildcards from RAM disk to pocket disk.
"name" (16 chars). -1 can be appended to the command name to specify secondary remote jack. Name can be omitted.
"name" (7 chars). Name can be omitted and defaults to unnamed or first file found.
Pocket disk: "X:name8.ext" CSAVE "name" Format is comaptible. N/A
Serial I/O: "parameters" PC-1360 only: Pocket disk: "X:name8.ext"
RAM/Pocket disk: "d:name8.ext" d=F/X

CSAVE "Name"

CSAVE "name" CSAVE@ "name" saves in older format. No RAM disk or multiple areas COPY source TO destination with wildcards from RAM disk to pocket disk.

CSAVE "Name","Password". Saving is disabled if password is set in memory. Compatibility see CSAVE. See PC-1360 Set (password) protection CSAVE "Name","Password". Saving is disabled if password is set in memory. N/A No file system SET "file pattern","P" Makes file(s) readonly. " " removes the protection. N/A Pocket or RAM disk: SAVE "d:name" Serial I/O (not PC-1280): OPEN followed by SAVE. SAVE "d:name",A (Pocket disk only) SAVE to serial I/O (not PC-1280) is always in ASCII N/A SAVE "name" RAM disk only. Use TEXT menu. Only way to save to serial I/O. CLOAD "name" COPY source TO destination with wildcards from pocket disk to RAM disk. N/A LOAD "name" RAM disk only. Use TEXT menu. Only way to read from serial I/O. Use TEXT menu, ASCII mode, serial I/O SET "file pattern","P"/" " Sets/removes write protection. SAVE "name" SAVE "name",A SAVE to serial I/O CLOAD "name" COPY source TO destination with wildcards from pocket disk to RAM disk. LOAD "name",R R starts program. Format is detected. CLOAD@ "name" CSAVE@ "name" saves in older format.
Save program to other device N/A Save in ASCII format Load binary program from tape Load multiple programs Load binary program from storage Load ASCII program Use BAS2IMG on PC. Link (PC-1500) Load "foreign" program N/A Use BAS2IMG on PC. Link (PC-12xx/13xx/14xx) N/A CLOAD "name" N/A
CLOAD "name" Format is compatible: Newer models can read older tapes. No RAM disk or multiple areas

See PC-1360

Pocket or RAM disk: LOAD "name",R R starts program. Format is detected. Serial I/O (not PC-1280): OPEN followed by LOAD. Use ASCII mode, serial I/O or BAS2IMG on PC. Use ASCII mode or BAS2IMG on PC. Use ASCII mode, serial I/O or BAS2IMG on PC.

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Vendor PC-1210 PC-1211 PC-1212 PC-1245 PC-1246 PC-1247 PC-1248 PC-1251 PC-1401 PC-1421 PC-1260 PC-1261 PC-1262 Sharp PC-E220 PC-G820 PC-E500 PC-E500S MERGE "CAS:name" ASCII only N/A Lines are replaced. CHAIN "CAS:name" LOAD with option R Save/load memory in MONitor: Wstart,end Rstart Device is serial I/O. N/A CLOAD? "name" (tape) LOAD? "name" NAME source AS destination KILL file N/A COPY source TO destination FILES/LFILES pattern INIT "d:" OPEN "parameters" opens serial I/O. OPEN$ returns active COM settings. See PC-1360 OPEN "d:name" FOR mode AS #channel OPEN "parameters" opens serial I/O on #1. OPEN$ returns active COM settings. N/A OPEN "CAS:name" FOR mode OPEN "COM:" Serial parameters set in menu INIT "d:" OPEN "name" FOR mode AS #channel OPEN "parameters" AS #ch opens serial I/O COM$ returns active COM settings. INPUT/OUTPUT/APPEND, #1.255 (max 6+2) Any device can take any channel. Serial defaults to #1 if not specified. CLOSE closes all channels. CLOSE #ch1,#ch2,. selected channels. Old tape syntax is N/A N/A COPY source TO destination N/A NAME source AS destination

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Vendor HP

HP-71B with HP-IL

Labels Syntax for branch targets besides line numbers ON. GOTO/GOSUB IF. THEN. IF. THEN. ELSE. Program flow Nested IF Multiline IF. ENDIF WHILE. WEND REPEAT. UNTIL SWITCH. CASE. ENDSWITCH FOR I=1 TO 2 STEP -1 NEXT I Variable name on NEXT N/A N/A
Alphanumeric(8) with ' ': Same syntax as file names. N/A 'LABEL', LABEL Available THEN is mandatory. Available. Only after ELSE. Allowed, nearest ELSE belongs to nested IF.
Loop not executed, I=1 after loop. Mandatory Executable command anywhere in program. Closes all local files and deallocates local variables. Substitutes END SUB in subroutine. Returns from CALLed external Executable command anywhere in program. Closes all open files. Allowed even program. after SUBEND. Executable from keyboard. HP-75 : not executable from keyboard. Use DEF FN or external file. END, END FN Parameters of FNX() and variables in external program are local. X=FNY(.) CALL 'file' ON ERROR command ERRL, ERRN SUB name(params) Name follows label syntax. END SUB, END or next SUB. Variables are local. Files are local, if no parameter list is defined. CALL name(R,A,(V),#C ) CALL file Fully implemented. ON ERROR GOTO/GOSUB ERRL, ERRN, ERRM$ SUB name(params) Name follows variable syntax. SUBEND. SUBEXIT returns early. All variables are local. ATTACH/RELEASE name,. handle preallocation and allow variable persistence.

All variables are local.

CALL name(Reference,Array(),Matrix(,),(Value)) N/A ON ERROR line number CALL ERR(CODE,TYPE,FILE,LINE) RETURN, RETURN NEXT, RETURN line number ON ERROR STOP ON WARNING PRINT/NEXT/ERROR ON BREAK STOP/NEXT/ERROR BREAK/UNBREAK line,line,. set or clear breakpoints. BREAK (STOP acts like END) CON/CONTINUE line number
RETURN if command is GOSUB. OFF ERROR ON TIMER #n,seconds,commands OFF TIMER #n N/A DEFAULT ON/OFF/EXTEND, TRAP handle math exceptions.
TRACE FLOW/VARS/OFF turn tracing on/off. PAUSE (STOP acts like END) CONT target N/A CONT or SST key

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Clear display Output to display Behavior of comma PRINT ends with ; or , Default display mode Continue after PRINT DISP, PRINT
DISP CHR$(27)&"E" DISP, PRINT, implied DISP
PRINT or DISPLAY ERASE ALL DISPLAY (extended syntax), PRINT Tabulate (15 chars) Allowed, disables clearing of rest of line. Continuous with selectable PAUSE CLR or ENTER key PRINT TAB(n) Columns start at 1.

PC-RD3D Notebook PC

September 11, 2003

Sharp Releases World's First Notebook PC Incorporating 3D LCD Monitor
NVIDIA Switchable between Conventional 2D and Next-Generation 3D Display GeForce Go Graphics Chip Enables Smooth Display of 3D Digital Images
Sharp Corporation has announced that the company has developed the world's first PC-RD3D notebook PC equipped with an original 3D LCD that requires no special glasses to see 3D images and can be easily switched between plane (2D) and solid (3D) display modes. Sharp will offer the futuristic notebook PC for application software and content developers as well as companies considering its use for business purposes. Outfitted with an English-language OS and keyboard, the PC-RD3D will be marketed in the US after release in Japan. Solid (3D) display allows dynamic reproduction of spatial positions of an object, and is expected to work as a futuristic display technology ushering in a new world of digital images that deliver lifelike experience unaffordable with 2D display for versatile purposes, including CAD and other design applications, medical care, education, entertainment, advertising, broadcasting, and electronic books. The 3D LCD*1 featured in the PC-RD3D was developed jointly by Sharp Corporation and Sharp Laboratories Europe, Ltd. (SLE), which makes 3D images seen without special glasses and can be
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easily switched between 2D and 3D display modes. This allows the PC to offer dynamic 3D display for using 3D content and for preparing 2D documents and spreadsheets like on a normal PC. A built-in high-performance Intel Pentium 4 microprocessor 2.8 GHz and NVIDIA GeForce Go graphics chip provide an environment to draw three-dimensional digital images smoothly. Users can actually experience 3D display performance through preinstalled 3D content display and preparation software and sample content. Sharp will release models with a Japanese-language OS and keyboard for personal users within this year, pursuing the creation of new 3D personal computer markets. *1 For detailed description of 3D LCD, please visit http://sharp-world.com/products/device/lcd/3dlcd.html Unveiled at WPC Expo 2003 Sharp will exhibit the PC-RD3D notebook PC at Sharp booth (Hall 5) in WPC Expo 2003 to be held in Makuhari Messe International Convention Center from September 17 through 20, 2003.
Product name Model name Suggested retail price Date of introduction in Japan
LCD notebook PC PC-RD3D Open October 27, 2003
PC-RD3D Specifications Model Installed OS*1 LCD CPU Display controller Main memory Hard disk Keyboard Optical drive Floppy disk drive Modem (Japanese specifications) PC-RD3D Microsoft Windows XP Professional Service Pack 1a (English version) 15-inch, XGA resolution 3D TFT LCD Intel Pentium 4 microprocessor 2.8 GHz*1 NVIDIA GeForce Go 512 MB (expandable up to 1,024 MB, compatible with DDR SDRAM PC2100) Approx. 60 GB*3 (Ultra ATA/100) 89 keys (English-language keyboard) Built-in DVD multi drive (buffer under-run error prevention) Built in 56 kbps
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LAN interface Wireless LAN Card slot
100 BASE-TX/10 BASE-T PC card type II x 1, CF card Type II x 1 (Type I x 1), SD memory card*4 and SmartMedia (compatible with SmartMedia 3.3 V) x 1, memory stick*4 x 1 Conforms to Audio Codec 97 (compatible with 3D sound), conforms to Dolby Digital*5, built-in stereo speaker External display output (analog RGB, mini D-sub 15-pin) x 1, S video output x 1, IEEE 1394 (4-pin) x 1, microphone input (monaural mini-jack x 1, headphone/audio/optical digital audio output (stereo mini-jack) x 1, USB port (USB 2.0) x 4 2D/3D switchover button Standard: Approx. 1.3 hours 352 x 296 x 46 mm (min) to 53 mm (max) [13.9" x 11.7" x 1.8" (2.1")] Approx. 4.6 kg (162.2 oz) 3D application: Animated picture content replay. TriDef Movie Player (sample animated picture data) Display: TriDef Photo Viewer (sample animated picture data) Preparation/display: Sharp Smart Stereo Photo Editor/Slide Show Particle compound modeling: Personal CAChe for Windows Others: MyDVD4, DVD-MovieAlbum SE, Dragn Drop CD+DVD, WinDVD 4 (Movie Effector), etc.

Sound features Interface

Others Battery life (based on JEITA Measurement Procedure 1.0) External dimensions (W x D x H) (excluding protuberances) Weight Software
Notes: *1 Only the pre-installed OS is supported. *2 The maximum processing capacity of the CPU operating on battery is approximately 25% of that when driven by AC power. *3 Total drive capacity that can be recognized by the Windows operating system is approximately 55.8 GB. *4 No function for copyright protection *5 An amplifier with a built-in Dolby digital decoder and speakers available on the market are needed to enjoy Dolby digital sound. (during DVD playback) Nominal disk capacity is 1GB = 1 billion bytes. Specifications are subject to change without prior notice.

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Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries. Intel and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. TriDef 3D is a trademark of Dynamic Digital Depth USA, Inc. CAChe is a trademark of FUJITSU LIMITED. "PC card" refers to cards conforming to standards jointly developed by PCMCIA and JEIDA (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association). SmartMedia is a trademark of Toshiba Corporation. CompactFlash is a trademark of SanDisk Corporation in the US Memory Stick is a trademark of Sony Corporation. NVIDIA and NVIDIA GeForce are registered trademarks of NVIDIA Corporation. MyDVD is a registered trademark of Sonic Solutions. All other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
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