BASIC Comparison Sheet

Marcus von Cube <marcus@mvcsys.de>

History

06.01.2009 08.01.2009 10.01.2009 15.01.2009 26.01.2009 31.01.2009 02.02.2009 08.02.2009 04.03.2009 22.03.2009 12.04.2009 15.04.2009 02.08.2009 09.10.2009 14.12.2009 19.01.2011 Casio and Sharp Prog/Vars/Mem page HP-71, TI-74, CC-40 added Some clarifications, functions page started, HP-75 Functions completed, commands page started Output commands, including graphics almost complete Some more details about files Epson HX-20 & TRS-80 Model 100 Sharp PC-1403 Canon X-07 Casio FP-200 Casio BASIC ROM OM53-B for PB-2000C/AI-1000, USING fixed for PB-1000 and OM-53B Minor bugs fixed (Sharp and CURSOR command) Differences between Sharp PC-E500 and PC-E500S, extra page for Casio MODE commands Some clarifications on PEEK/POKE for low end Sharps Sharp PC-1350/PC1421 added.

Introduction

This document tries to compare the different BASIC dialects offered by various pocket computers made by Casio, Sharp, HP, TI and other vendors. It is work in progress. Any comments and additions are welcome. I'm the author of the CASsette I/O Utilities which enable the access to files created by various Casio and some other BASIC pocket computers and transferred via the sound card or a floppy drive to your desktop system. The package includes programs which understand and decipher the tokenized form of a stored BASIC program or create it from a BASIC source text stored on your PC or Mac. I realized that there are many differences between the implementations, ranging from a few minor annoyances to huge gaps in functionality. Here I want to share my findings in table form. The document will always be incomplete in several ways: I only have access to a limited number of different machines, and I do not plan to cover every aspect of each implementation. I concentrate on areas where the systems are reasonably comparable. This excludes language extensions for special purposes or special software packages. The tables do not try to replace the manuals but will probably aid in finding the correct pages in them.

The Tables

On the following pages you will find the pocket computers in my possession or from which I do have a manual, compared in different areas. There are many more variants of these machines with different memory configurations or some additional features. If you have information or a manual, just send a copy! Blue entries are manual (non programmable) commands, or mark an example. Grey entries are either not available or obsolete. Green arguments are optional and have defaults. Workarounds replace functions which are not implemented. 1. ProgVarsMem compares program editing, variables and memory organization 2. Functions compares the built in functions and operators (strings, math, etc.) 3. Commands compares program flow, subroutines, error handling 4. Special commands collects non obvious information from diverse areas.

BASIC comparison sheet

Page 1
Programs, Variables and Memory
Vendor PB-100 PB-300 FX-700P FX-710P PB-220 FX-720P FX-730P FX-770P FX-785P FX-790P FX-795P Casio FX-850P FX-880P PB-1000 PB-2000C/AI-1000 with BASIC ROM OM-53B

FX-702

PB-700

PB-770

FX-750P

FP-200

Syntax specifics Abbreviations Line numbers Line length Comments Program areas
Spaces are insignificant. All keywords and variables must be entered in uppercase letters. N/A 1-Comments are N/A REM, rest of line is ignored. 0-9, PROG n selects area. Keyboard functions P0-P9 start program. 79
Spaces are insignificant except before TO, THEN or ELSE following a variable name. Mixed case entry is allowed and sometimes significant. Some commands like P. for PRINT 1-REM or single quote "'" which implies end of statement (no colon needed), rest ignored. 0-9, switched with keyboard function P0-P9. In MODE 0, program is automatically started. Z-1GR uses CAL key instead of MODE 0. ASCII file areas F0-F9. MEMO database. F0 is the default MEMO area, also accessible with MEMO key. RAM FS with Load/Save to area. 0-9, PROG n selects area. RAM file system with menu selection, BAS files can be run directly. 1-64999 255

0-9, switched with keyboard function P0-P9. In MODE 0, program is automatically started.
Internal file system (more infos on Commands page)

MEMO database.

10 CETL tables.

Edit programs

MODE 1 sets WRT mode. Select area with keyboard function P0-P9. LIST displays lines for editing.
PROG n selects area for editing. EDIT displays line for editing.
MODE 1 sets BASIC mode. Select area with keyboard function P0-P9. EDIT displays lines for editing. No file system
Menu selects BASIC mode. EDIT displays lines for editing. ASCII file editor
EDIT displays line for editing. No file system

AUTO, DELETE, RENUM

AUTO and DELETE

DELETE and RENUMBER

DELETE RENUM (OM-53B)
RENUMBER NEW, NEW ALL clear single area or all areas.

Kill program(s)

CLR, CLR ALL

CLEAR, CLEAR A

NEW kills program in current area, NEW ALL kills all memory. No file system Files can be killed from menu. SYSTEM displays print mode (angle mode on PB-1000), CLEAR parameters and free space. FRE <n>, n=1.5 1, 2: see left, 3: total string space, 4: free variable space, 5: free string space. FRE <n>, n=1.6 1-5: see left 6: ml space (uncertain).

RESET clears all memory.

Show memory
MODE 1 displays free program memory in special display area, display may fail if free memory greater than 19999 on FX-730P
SYSTEM displays program areas, angle mode and free memory
FRE <n>, n=0.2 0: free variable space, 1: free program space, 2: total variable space.
Switching modes between CETL and BASIC shows free memory. SYSTEM shows program sizes for all areas. OM-53B: [memory] menu sets size for FRE(dummy number) returns free space for programs. FRE("dummy file system. string") returns free string space.

Memory allocation

DEFM <blocks> allocates additional variables in blocks of 10. Block 1 is A0-A9, Block 20 is T0-T9. 80 bytes are taken from program memory per block.
DEFM <n>, manual mode only. 8 bytes per variable.
DEFM <n> allocates n additional variables. 8 bytes per variable are taken from program memory.
Automatic allocation of two letter "registered" variables
CLEAR <str>,<var> CLEAR <size> allocates allocates <str> bytes for space for all variables and strings, strings <var> bytes for variables
CLEAR <str>,<ml>,<sys> allocates <str> bytes for strings, <ml> bytes for machine language, <sys> bytes for system (uncertain for Z-1) PB-1000: <sys> is file system size OM-53B: <sys> is not allowed.

Ports N/A. No info about modules available. EDIT 'file', BASIC|TEXT FETCH
Module ports 0 to 5. Large modules are divided in sub ports: 5.03. Syntax is "FILE:PORT(n)" or "FILE:MAIN". Quotes around filenames are optional.
RAM file system (6+2) with menu. LOAD or SAVE set a pointer to the current RAM file system (6+1). RAM cards occupy file instead of making a copy. Editing the the top of RAM and can be used as 5 login areas, switched with LOGIN n, current program changes the file in the removable file storage. n=1.5. RAM module. RAM filesystem. Tokenized BASIC Programs can be given a TITLE and appear Memory can be swapped or Memory swapping with PUT programs can be run from the menu. A RUN "file" starts program without loading in the start menu. copied with CALL GET(.) and GET is N/A. single unnamed BASIC program can exist it into working storage. and CALL PUT(.). besides the named files. EDIT first-last starts full screen editor. "." is the last line edited. The command creates a temporary ASCII file that is merged upon editor exit. DELETE LIST first-last lists line on screen for full LIST first-last displays lines which can be screen editor. Screen size is just 80 edited on the full virtual screen. characters. Use LIST@ line + ON/BREAK "." is the last line edited. key to edit lines longer than 60 characters. N/A NEW deletes current program and variables. KILL"file" kills file from RAM disk. DELETE "file","type" kills file from RAM disk. Shift+Ctrl+3 in startup menu forces memory clear (after ENTER). AUTO/DELETE/RENUM
EDIT <file> creates or selects file. Up and LIST <line> or up and down arrow display lines for down arrow select lines for editing. FETCH editing. Lines must be deleted using DEL, simple entry <line>/<label> selects specific line. of a number is treated as a computation.
AUTO, DELETE, RENUMBER DELETE ALL deletes all lines in current file.
NUM/NUMBER, DEL/DELETE, REN/RENUMBER NEW deletes program and variables. NEW ALL clears all memory (total reset). CALL ADDMEM (see below) forces NEW ALL. FRE(n), n=0.5 0, 1: see left 2: free + temporary mem 3: largest block size 4: free memory 5: # of free blocks
Kill program(s) PURGE <file> deletes file from internal RAM, port or device. MEM returns free memory. Show memory
FRE(dummy number) returns free space for programs. FRE("dummy string") returns free string space. MAXRAM returns the highest available memory address. HIMEM returns the currently set upper memory address for BASIC or files.

MEM(port) returns free space in specified port. SHOWPORT lists available ports.
FRE(n), n=0,1 0: total user memory, 1: space used by program and variables.
The manual documents all system pointers. Use PEEK to get the corresponding values.
STAT area prints size of current or selected program. STAT ALL prints a complete overview.
CALL ADDMEM adds RAM module to user memory. NEW ALL releases the RAM module. Both commands clear all memory.
Ports N/A. Memory allocation
CLAIM PORT(port) and FREE PORT(port) add or remove port memory to main memory.
No machine language support.
CLEAR <str>,<himem> clears all variables an sets size of the string area and the CLEAR <str>,<himem> BASIC upper memory limit which is below clears all variables, sets size of string area CLEAR <str>,<RAM file> clears all the file area. and the HIMEM value. Use MAXRAM as the variables, sets size of string area and size second argument to recover all available of the RAM file. FSET <size> reserves memory for the file RAM. CALL GETMEM(size,ptr) area at top of memory. If the size is less or MEMSET <address> sets aside low returns a free memory equal to the size of an inserted RAM card, memory for machine language programs. block for machine language The RAM file system works "in place", so this card can be used as a removal editing any file, BASIC or TEXT, moves Default address is &H0A40. use. Variable ptr is filesystem. memory around and affects the free initialized with the base If the power up routine detects a space. Machine language programs are WIDTH <cols>,<rows>,<margin> address. configuration change (e. g. RAM card allocates the virtual screen area and CALL RELMEM(adr) releases copied to their saved memory location and swap) you are prompted to allow can only be loaded if enough high memory affects the free space. the block. adjustment of the system pointers. So is reserved. cards of different size can be used alternately. See FRE(.)
SHOW PORT list available ports.

See FRE(.)

Substrings

Display only: USING "###.##" sets display format, PRINT USING "###.##";X sets format and outputs X. USING is persistent, even if used together with PRINT. Symbol PI N/A PI N/A (a > b) * a + (a <= b) * b (a > b) * b + (a <= b) * a No Yes, high priority x^y INT(a / b) a b * INT(a / b) SGN a * (ABS a ABS b * INT ABS(a / b)) N/A a * p / 100, short form for PC-1211/1248: AP/E2 <, <=, >, >=, =, <> PC-121x can compare strings with = only. 1 NOT, AND, OR 1-, *, + NOT, AND, OR No PI, PI#, #
-(a > b) * a - (a <= b) * b -(a > b) * b - (a <= b) * a
-1 NOT, AND, OR, XOR (PC-E220 lacks XOR)

logical only

Priority of NOT HEX format for integers HEX display Conversions Deg/min/sec to decimal Number to deg/min/sec Degrees to radians Radians to degrees Polar to rectangular Rectangular to polar More conversions
High, need () &0-&FFFF
N/A N/A N/A &0-&FFFF
High, expressions need parentheses. &0-&FFFFFFFF DECI FFFFFFFF HEX n, n<232 (display only) N/A N/A DECI FFFFFFFF HEX$(n), n<232, var. l. HEX n (display only) &H0-&HFFFFFFFF N/A &H0-&HFFFFFFFF &FF., DECI FFFFFFFF
HEX$(n), n<232, variable length HEX n (display only, not PC-G850)
DEG(d.mmss), DMS values are formatted as a single number DMS(d) returns a number formatted as d.mmss d / 180 * PI r / PI * 180 x=r * COS , y=r * SIN r=(x*x + y*y) =ACS(x / r) REC(r,) ->Y,Z POL(x,y) -> Y,Z See PC-1280. Workaround see left N/A REC(r,) -> x=Y, y=Z POL(x,y) -> r=Y, =Z Both functions return variable Y.

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Common logarithm log10x Natural logarithm ln x, logex Logs, powers, roots More accurate ln(x+1) Common antilogarithm 10 Natural antilogarithm ex More accurate e
LOG x LN x LN(x + 1) 10 ^ x TEN x 10 ^ x EXP x EXP x 1 INT LOG ABS x for x <> 0 SQR x, x Symbol x x ^ (1/3), x 0 x ^ (1 / y) x*x x^3 XX XXX CUR x x ROT y SQU x CUB x SQR x, symbol x x ^ (1/3), x 0 x ^ (1 / y) x*x x^3 SIN x, COS x, TAN x ASN x ACS x ATN x 1 / COS x, 1 / SIN x, 1 / TAN x ATN(y / x), result probably in wrong quadrant (EXP x EXP(-x)) / 2 (EXP x + EXP(-x)) / 2 12*EXP x/(EXP x+EXP(-x)) LN(x + SQR(x*x + 1)) LN(x + SQR(x*x 1)) LN((1 + x) / (1 x)) / 2 HSN x HCS x HTN x AHS x AHC x AHT x DEGREE RADIAN GRAD FACT n N/A NPR(n,r) NCR(n,r) N/A FACT n NPR(n,r) NCR(n,r) Workaround see left HSN x HCS x HTN x AHS x AHC x AHT x CUR x x ROT y SQU x CUB x SQR x TEN x

All function arguments need parentheses. Double precision string1 + string2 LEFT$(string,length) RIGHT$(string$,length) MID$(string,start,length) LEN(string) CHR$(code) ASC(char) STR$(expression) VAL(string), string must be valid number. Numeric expressions not supported. INSTR(start,string,substring) N/A SPACE$(length), STRING$(length,code or char) only single character is supported. ABS(x) SGN(x) FIX(x) x FIX(x) INT(x) -INT(-x) INT(x * 10^d + 0.5) / 10^d, INT(X*100+0.5)/100 Display only: PRINT USING "###.##";X USING works for current line only. 4*ATN(1) Result is double precision MAXRAM returns highest available RAM address. -(a > b) * a - (a <= b) * b -(a > b) * b - (a <= b) * a No x^y a \ b (Yen symbol on X-07) a b * INT(a / b) a MOD b N/A a * p / 100 <, <=, =<, >, >=, =>, =, <>, >< -1 NOT, AND, OR, XOR, EQV, IMP N/A Result is single precision Single precision (most)
SEG$(string,start,length)
Length Strings ASCII to string String to ASCII Number to string String to number Expression evaluation Search substring Case conversion Repeat string Absolute Value Sign Integer part Fractional part Largest integer below or equal Smallest integer above or equal Numbers Round to d decimal places. Examples round to cents. Workarounds for positive x only! UPRC$(string) N/A

POS(string,substring)

PI Other constants Maximum Minimum Implied multiplication AB=A*B Arithmetic Power xy Integer division Modulo Remainder Reduction Percentage Comparisons Result of 1=1 Logical operators Logic NOT, AND, OR, EXOR
<, <=, =<, >, >=, =>, =, <>, ><, # HP-71 only: ? (unordered, IEEE math) 1 See HP-75. The HP-IL module adds BINCMP(n), Logical only: nonzero BINAND(n,m), values mapped to 1 BINIOR(n,m), BINEOR(n,m) and BIT(n,b) for 20 bit High, expressions need integers. parentheses. HTD("0")-HTD("FFFFF") N/A DTH$(n), n<220, 0-padded to 5 digits. N/A RAD(d) DEG(r)

Low &H0-&HFFFF

&nnnnn, &Onnnnn denote octal HEX$(n), n<216 HEX$(n), n<216 OCT$(n) returns octal string

Only in CALC mode

N/A d / 180 * PI r / PI * 180
N/A d / 180 * PI (PI must be defined) r / PI * 180 (PI must be defined) x=r * COS , y=r * SIN r=SQR(x*x + y*y), =ACOS(x / r)
x=r * COS , y=r * SIN r=SQR(x*x + y*y), =ACOS(x / r) Keyboard function in TI-74 CALC mode. N/A In MATH Module N/A
CINT, CDBL, CSNG convert between integer, double or single precision.

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LOG10(x) LOG(x) LOG(x + 1)
LGT(x), LOG10(x) LN(x), LOG(x) LOGP1(x) 10 ^ x EXP(x)

LOG(x) LN(x) LN(x + 1)

LOG(x) / LOG(10) LOG(x) LN(x + 1) 10 ^ x EXP(x)

EXP(x) 1 INT(LGT(ABS(x))) SQR(x)
EXPM1(x) EXPONENT(x) SQR(x), SQRT(x) x ^ (1/3), x 0 x ^ (1 / y) x*x x^3 SIN(x), COS(x), TAN(x)
EXP(x) 1 INT(LOG(ABS(x))) for x <> 0 SQR(x)
EXP(x) 1 INT(LOG(ABS(x))) for x <> 0 SQR(x) x ^ (1/3), x 0 x ^ (1 / y) x*x x^3 SIN(x), COS(x), TAN(x)
Exponent part of number Square root x Cube root x General root yx Square x2 Cube x3 sin x, cos x, tan x sin-1 x
ASIN(x) ACOS(x) ATAN(x) SEC(x), CSC(x), COT(x)
ASN(x), ASIN(x) ACS(x), ACOS(x) ATN(x), ATAN(x) ANGLE(x,y)

ASN(x) ACS(x)

ASIN(x) ACOS(x) ATN(x)
ATN(x / SQR(1 x*x)) ATN(x / SQR(1 x*x)) ATN(x) 1 / COS(x), 1 / SIN(x), 1 / TAN(x) ATN(y / x), result probably in wrong quadrant (EXP(x) EXP(-x)) / 2 (EXP(x) + EXP(-x)) / 2 12*EXP(x)/(EXP(x)+EXP(-x)) LOG(x + SQR(x*x + 1)) LOG(x + SQR(x*x 1)) LOG((1 + x) / (1 x)) / 2 All angles are in radians and must be converted in advance.

cos tan

1 / COS(x), 1 / SIN(x), 1 / TAN(x) ATN(y / x), result probably in wrong quadrant SINH(x) COSH(x) TANH(x) ASINH(x) ACOSH(x) ATANH(x) (EXP(x) EXP(-x)) / 2 (EXP(x) + EXP(-x)) / 2 12*EXP(x)/(EXP(x)+EXP(-x)) LN(x + SQR(x*x + 1)) LN(x + SQR(x*x 1)) LN((1 + x) / (1 x)) / 2 DEG RAD GRAD
(EXP(x) EXP(-x)) / 2 (EXP(x) + EXP(-x)) / 2 12*EXP(x)/(EXP(x)+EXP(-x)) LOG(x + SQR(x*x + 1)) LOG(x + SQR(x*x 1)) LOG((1 + x) / (1 x)) / 2 OPTION ANGLE DEGREES OPTION ANGLE RADIANS GRAD is N/A. OPTION ANGLE optional on HP-71 FACT(n) N/A

(FACT(n r)*FACT(r)) RND

FACT(n) / FACT(n r) Only in CALC mode FACT(n) /

RND, INTRND(bound)

RND(ctrl) ctrl > 0: next in series ctrl = 0: repeat last # ctrl < 0: new series FOR I=1 TO VAL(RIGHT$(TIME$,2)): D=RND(1):NEXT
Set random seed Clear statistics registers Add data point Statistics Remove data point List sums and results Sums Means and standard deviations Linear regression coefficients Linear estimations N/A
RANDOMIZE seed If seed is omitted use system value. STAT Array(# of cols) up to 15 columns CLSTAT clears current ADD x1,x2,. DROP x1,x2,. Display the array TOTAL(0), TOTAL(column) MEAN(col) SDEV(col) LR col-y, col-x, A, B PREDEV(x) (after LR) Only in CALC mode N/A
RND(ctrl) ctrl > 0: next in series ctrl = 0: seed automatically ctrl < 0: seed with ctrl value
RND(ctrl) ctrl > 0: next in series (default) ctrl = 0: repeat last # ctrl < 0: new series RANDOMIZE seed If seed is omitted user is prompted.

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Use TIME mode
SETDATE, SETTIME, ADJABS, ADJUST,.
TIME$="hh:mm:ss" DATE$="mm/dd/yy", DAY$="xxx" DATE$ format for Europe: "dd/mm/yy". TIME$, DATE$, DAY$

Executable command anywhere in program. Closes all files. Executable from keyboard.
Local procedure definition besides GOSUB/RETURN Return from procedure Subroutines RET
Use separate program area.
Use program area or set a label. RETURN, Z-1GR supports RETURN target

Use extra file.

Variable scope
All variables are global.
Call and parameter passing Recursion ON ERROR Error line and error code Return from error handler Error handling Disable error handler

GSB #area

GOSUB #area.

GOSUB PROG area

GOSUB "file"
Recursion is possible. Local variables must be emulated by arrays. MODE 99,1 N/A N/A MODE 99,0 N/A ON ERROR GOTO ERL, ERR RESUME, RESUME NEXT, RESUME target ON ERROR GOTO 0 A file named "AUTO.EXE" is executed on power up. N/A

More event handling

Debugging Suspend execution Continue after STOP, break key or break point CONT key
MODE 2, MODE 3 turn tracing on/off. STOP EXE key on empty input line. CONT
TRON, TROFF turn tracing on/off.
EXE key on empty input line.
CONT key OM-53B: Shift+Down

STOP/CONT key

Page 17
Clear display Output to display Behavior of comma PRINT ends with ; or , Default display mode Continue after PRINT
PRT without items PRT, DMS var
PRINT without items PRINT Clear display before output, pause New line Allowed Line by line Continuous output PRINT TAB(n) Line by line ENTER/RET key TAB(n) only with LPRINT EXE key Pause and new line

New line

Tabulate (12 chars). Allowed. ";" between items is optional. Continuous output PRINT TAB(n)

CONT key

EXE key

Position cursor

PRT CSR n
PRINT CSR n LOCATE x,y LOCATE x
LOCATE x,y Virtual screen

LOCATE x,y

Set display delay
WAIT n WAIT 999 (off) Unit is 0.05s.
N/A PRINT USING"& &#,###.##";A$;X Works on current PRINT/LPRINT statement only. Mixed formats are allowed. "!" outputs single char, "@" formats a string with its exact length. "##.##^^^^" sets scientific notation. N/A PRINT REV;.;NORM;. "+" or "-" can be prefix or postfix, "$$", "**" and "**$" pad numbers to the left. N/A 159x63 with arbitrary scaling. POINT(x,y) DRAW/DRAWC(x,y) LINE(.)-(.), mode,BF mode=0: clear mode=1: draw F fills QUAD(.)-(.) QUADC(.)-(.) No filling.

Display

Display formatting
SET Fd, SET Ed, SET N (re)set display precision for numbers.
PRINT USING "&&&&";A$;B$;. PRINT USING "###.##^";X,Y Works for current line only. Only one format per format string allowed. N/A 160x32
SET Fd, SET Ed, SET N (re)set display precision
Reverse (light on dark) Graphics screen Query dot or pattern Set/reset dot

192x32 Commands not implemented
POINT(x,y) DRAW/DRAWC(x,y)

Draw (filled) rectangle

N/A Draw line or polygon
DRAW[C](x1,y1)(x2,y2)-.-(x1,y1) Multiple points, no filling

Use DRAW, no filling.

DRAW[C](x1,y1)-(x2,y2)-.-(x1,y1) Multiple points DEFCHR$(c)="hex(12)" Defines char c 252 (c 240 on PB-1000).
Graphical patterns N/A More graphics commands (x,y) outside screen area Error N/A
CIRCLE(x,y), r,mode PAINT(x,y)

N/A Error

INIT(X0,Y0),DX,DY sets origin and number of pixels for a unit of 1.
Printer interface and type

FP-10 (matrix)

FA-3 with FP-12S (matrix)
FA-10 or FA-4 with FP-100 FA-20 (matrix) (pen plotter)
FP-100 (pen plotter) connected through FA-6 (except PB-1000, which uses FA-7 or MD-100)

Centronics.

Printer output Printer Redirect display to printer Set width for printer output Set Printer to text or graphics mode

LIST/PRT in MODE 7

LIST/PRINT in MODE 7 MODE 7/8 turn printer on/off
LLIST/LPRINT N/A LPRINT CHR$(28);CHR$(x) x=46: text, x=37: graphics (FA-10 plotter) PRINT ON/OFF
LLIST/LPRINT or redirected LIST/PRINT MODE 7/8 turn printer on/off N/A

LLIST/LPRINT N/A

See PB-700 Printer commands in graphics mode N/A Use LPRINT to send plotter commands. N/A N/A
Additional printer commands in text mode

LPRINT escape sequence

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Beeper N/A Frequency range INP"prompt",variable(s), "prompt",variables(s),.
BEEP pitch N/A 0: low pitch (default), 1: high pitch INPUT "prompt";variable(s) Only one prompt allowed. Comma suppresses "?" after prompt. Number or (quoted) string. Unquoted strings are stripped on both ends. Values are separated by commas. Empty input causes ?TM error except for a single string variable.
Interactive data input Behavior of comma or semicolon after prompt
INPUT"prompt",variable(s),"prompt",variable(s),.
INPUT"prompt",variable(s),"prompt";variable(s),.
Semicolon is not allowed. Prompt is always followed by "? " and display is cleared upon first key press.
Semicolon adds "?" to prompt, comma suppresses it. Numeric expression or unquoted string. Values are separated by EXE. Empty input leaves numbers unchanged and sets strings to an empty string. Arrow keys allow full screen edit. Rest of line from cursor is accepted as input. A$=INKEY$, returns "" if no key pressed.
Numeric expression or unquoted string must be entered. You cannot skip input. Values are searated by EXE (resp. ENTER/RETURN) Allowed input values and keys EXE without value suspends execution, CONT resumes. AC clears error condition. STOP suspends execution, EXE resumes input. AC clears error condition. IN aborts program. CLS clears screen but input continues. BRK aborts (CONT does not work.) ANS/STOP works as answer key.

INPUT/OUTPUT/APPEND Serial I/O: #1, Disk: #2.7, RAM: #20.25

INPUT/OUTPUT, #1

Close channel PRINT#,"name";var1,var2,. PRINT#"name";first A(*) specifies an array. Write all variables See left. Name is mandatory if var1 is a string. beginning with first Arrays A(*) Every single variable must be named. (default A) can be appended to list or INPUT#,"name";var1,var2,. INPUT#"name";first specified A(*) specifies an array. Read all variables alone. Name is mandatory if var1 is a string. beginning with first Every single variable must be named. (default A)
CLOSE closes all channels CLOSE #ch1,#ch2,. closes selected channels.

CLOSE #1

PRINT#"name";var1,var2,. (tape only) Items are single variables, Arrays X(*) or fixed variables A* as block start. N/A See PC1360 N/A
Write data sequentially Data files
PRINT#channel,item1,item2,. Items are single variables, string literals or arrays A(*). ";" can replace "," except between strings, which would be merged. Channel must be open for OUTPUT or APPPEND. LPRINT after OPEN works like PRINT#1 (serial I/O). N/A var$=INPUT$(count,#channel)
INPUT#"name";var1,var2,. (tape only) Variables are single items, Arrays X(*) or fixed variables A* as block start. N/A See PC1360 N/A

Read data sequentially

INPUT#channel,var1,var2,. Variables are single items or arrays A(*). Channel must be open for INPUT.

Random access files

EOF(channel) tests for end of file. LOF(channel) returns length of file or chars left in input buffer. LOC(channel) returns current record (256 bytes long). DSKF(d) returns space on disk: 1: pocket, 3: RAM disk.
EOF/LOF/LOC/DSKF see left. Parameter d for DSKF is 1 (pocket disk), 3 (E:) or 4 (F:)

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Vendor HP

HP-71B with HP-IL

Labels Syntax for branch targets besides line numbers ON. GOTO/GOSUB IF. THEN. IF. THEN. ELSE. Program flow Nested IF Multiline IF. ENDIF WHILE. WEND REPEAT. UNTIL SWITCH. CASE. ENDSWITCH FOR I=1 TO 2 STEP -1 NEXT I Variable name on NEXT N/A N/A
Alphanumeric(8) with ' ': Same syntax as file names. N/A 'LABEL', LABEL Available THEN is mandatory. Available. Only after ELSE. Allowed, nearest ELSE belongs to nested IF.
Loop not executed, I=1 after loop. Mandatory Executable command anywhere in program. Closes all local files and deallocates local variables. Substitutes END SUB in subroutine. Returns from CALLed external Executable command anywhere in program. Closes all open files. Allowed even program. after SUBEND. Executable from keyboard. HP-75 : not executable from keyboard. Use DEF FN or external file. END, END FN Parameters of FNX() and variables in external program are local. X=FNY(.) CALL 'file' ON ERROR command ERRL, ERRN SUB name(params) Name follows label syntax. END SUB, END or next SUB. Variables are local. Files are local, if no parameter list is defined. CALL name(R,A,(V),#C ) CALL file Fully implemented. ON ERROR GOTO/GOSUB ERRL, ERRN, ERRM$ SUB name(params) Name follows variable syntax. SUBEND. SUBEXIT returns early. All variables are local. ATTACH/RELEASE name,. handle preallocation and allow variable persistence.

All variables are local.

CALL name(Reference,Array(),Matrix(,),(Value)) N/A ON ERROR line number CALL ERR(CODE,TYPE,FILE,LINE) RETURN, RETURN NEXT, RETURN line number ON ERROR STOP ON WARNING PRINT/NEXT/ERROR ON BREAK STOP/NEXT/ERROR BREAK/UNBREAK line,line,. set or clear breakpoints. BREAK (STOP acts like END) CON/CONTINUE line number
RETURN if command is GOSUB. OFF ERROR ON TIMER #n,seconds,commands OFF TIMER #n N/A DEFAULT ON/OFF/EXTEND, TRAP handle math exceptions.
TRACE FLOW/VARS/OFF turn tracing on/off. PAUSE (STOP acts like END) CONT target N/A CONT or SST key

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Clear display Output to display Behavior of comma PRINT ends with ; or , Default display mode Continue after PRINT DISP, PRINT
DISP CHR$(27)&"E" DISP, PRINT, implied DISP
PRINT or DISPLAY ERASE ALL DISPLAY (extended syntax), PRINT Tabulate (15 chars) Allowed, disables clearing of rest of line. Continuous with selectable PAUSE CLR or ENTER key PRINT TAB(n) Columns start at 1.
Tabulate (21 chars), 5 items on display. Allowed Continuous with selectable DELAY ENTER key
PRINT/DISP TAB(n) Columns start at 1.
DISPLAY AT(n) SIZE(s), TAB(x) TAB(x) is relative to AT(n).
DELAY seconds Accurate to 0.1s
DELAY line secs, scroll secs Sets both line and scroll delay. Values 8 are infinite, fractions of a second allowed.
PAUSE seconds or PAUSE ALL Accurate to 0.1s. Must be set in program. Inherited by procedure. Changes are local to procedure. PRINT/DISPLAY USING "### ###.##";A$;X USING works for current statement only. Text uses same format characters as numbers. Constant text is allowed. Format can be put on IMAGE line and referenced by line number.
DISP USING"3A, 3D.DD";A$;X. Special HP-format instructions. Format can be put on IMAGE line and referenced by line number. N/A FIX d, SCI d, ENG d set default display precision for numbers. N/A 132x8 GDISP$ returns complete display. CHARSET$ returns defined characters.
N/A Draw (filled) rectangle N/A N/A Draw line or polygon GDISP string set pattern in display. CHARSET string defines characters. String is taken as binary data. Can be installed More graphics commands (x,y) outside screen area N/A CALL CHAR(c,"hex(16)") Defines char c 6. Patterns are horizontal. CALL INDIC(indicator,state) sets the display indicators. N/A PC-324 (matrix, id 12, DockBus) HX-1000 (pen plotter, id 10, HexBus) Printer 80 (matrix, id 16, HexBus) HX-3000 (serial/parallel, ids 20/50, HexBus) HexBus devices need adapter cable for TI-74. DockBus devices need adapter cable for CC-40. LIST"12" (12 is PC-324) OPEN#channel,"12",OUTPUT:PRINT#channel. Specify with OPEN: OPEN#channel,.,VARIABLE n OPEN#channel,"10",OUTPUT:PRINT#channel,CHR$(x) x=17: text mode, x=19: graphics mode (HX-1000)

LPRINT, LLIST, PRINT#1,. after OPEN"LPT:" FOR OUTPUT AS #1 OPEN either "LPT:" or "LCD:" N/A; LPOS returns current position. Depends on printer.
LPRINT, LLIST, PRINT#1,. after OPEN"O",#1,"LPT0:" OPEN either "LPT0:" or "SCRN:" WIDTH "device", n N/A COPY prints text and graphic screen on built in printer. Only the visible area is printed. SAVE"LPT0:" is the same as LLIST.
Send commands with LPRINT. LCOPY copies the text screen. SAVE"LPT:" is the same as LLIST. LPOS returns current column. LPRINT[size,color]. (see PRINT) size: 1.16 color: 0.3

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BEEP, SOUND pitch,duration Duration of 50 is 1 second. 0.16383 (useful: 220.16383) Frequency=4915680 Hz / pitch 5586: 880 Hz
BEEP pitch,duration Duration of 20 is 1 second. 0: pause 1.48: halftones starting from "do" 49.4095: frequency=19200 Hz / pitch. INPUT "prompt";variable(s) Only one prompt allowed.
SOUND pitch,duration Duration of 10 is 1 second. 1.28: tones C to B in 4 octaves 29.59: halftones, 0: pause 13: 880 Hz
Comma is not allowed. "? " is always added to the prompt. Number or (quoted) string. Unquoted strings are stripped on left end.
Comma suppresses "?" after prompt. Number or (quoted) string. Unquoted strings are stripped on both ends. Values are separated by commas. Empty input causes ?Redo message except for a single string variable.
Allowed input values and keys Values are separated by commas or ENTER. Empty input leaves values untouched. Input A$=INKEY$, returns "" if no key pressed. INIT#1,"KBD:" opens keyboard as file. A=INP(#1) waits & returns ASCII code. A=SNS(#1) returns 0 or ASCII code. A=STICK(0) returns status of cursor keys. A=STRIG(0) returns status of space bar A=STRIG(1) returns status of F6. ENTER=13, LEFT/RIGHT=29/28, UP/DOWN=30/31, HOME/CLR=11/12 F-Keys return strings. STICK(0) gives a value from 0 to 8 (up=1, up+right=2,.). A=SCREEN(x,y) returns ASCII code.
ENTER=13, LEFT/RIGHT=29/28, UP/DOWN=30/31, BS=8 Use ON KEY to read function keys. N/A
ENTER=13, LEFT/RIGHT=29/28, UP/DOWN=30/31, BS=8, CLR=12 PF-Keys return strings. N/A

Check integrity of file Rename file Delete file Copy file List directory Format storage medium OPEN channel on device or file FILES "device:" Use DOS menu
CLOAD? "name" LOAD? "name" NAME source AS destination KILL "file" N/A DELETE "file","type" Use LOAD/SAVE DIR (RAM only) N/A INIT#channel,"name",param1,"param2" param1 is baudrate or size param2 is mode or file type. Mode depends on device. RAM Files are always I/O. #channel is #1.5. #5 can be used for remote control.
NAME source AS destination KILL "file" FILES "device:" FORMT "d:" OPEN"mode",#channel,"name" DEFFIL reclen,address defines RAM file. Address must be in area defined by CLEAR. I/O/R, #1.16, mode R on disk only. FILNUM n reserves space for up to 15 floppy disk FCBs. RAM files with DEFFIL are unnamed, have random access and must be managed by program. CLOSE closes all channels CLOSE #ch1,#ch2,. closes selected channels.
INPUT/OUTPUT/APPEND, #1.255 Total number of files set with MAXFILES=n CLOSE closes all channels CLOSE #ch1,#ch2,. closes selected channels.
There is no close, just reopen the channel.
PRINT #channel,print items Formatting with comma, USING, SPC or TAB is possible. Write data sequentially Data files N/A OUT #channel,code outputs a single byte INPUT #channel, var1, var2,. LINE INPUT #channel, var$ Read data sequentially var$=INPUT$(count,#channel) A=INP(#channel) reads single byte, waits for input. A=SNS(#channel) reads single byte without waiting. 0 denotes no input. var$=INPUT$(count,#channel) FIELD #channel,len AS var$,. (Record size is 128 bytes) LSET/RSET var$=string CVI/CVD/CVS/MKI$/MKD$/MKS$ PUT/GET #channel,record PUT%/GET% record,var1,var2,.,var$ Write/read RAM file. Only one string allowed at end of list. Special I/O functions EOF(channel) tests for end of file. N/A LOF(channel) returns length of file or chars left in input buffer. LOC(channel) returns current record (mode R) or sector (I/O). N/A

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Special commands and some remarks
Casio FX-730/770/780/785/795P MODE commands

See next page.

Casio VX-4
PEEK/POKE only work in RAM: &H1000.02FFF in segment 0 on machines without RAM extension. MODE110 = CALL
Casio BASIC ROM OM-53B for PC-2000C/AI-1000
The following information was posted in the french MySilicium forum: The differences between PB-1000 BASIC and OM-53B BASIC for the PB-2000C/AI-1000: CALL, TIME$ and DATE$ were removed. 6 commands were added, but 5 of them are hidden behind the SYSTEM command. - RENUM: Well known. - SYSTEM CALL: Identical to CALL on PB-1000. - SYSTEM SET: Writes a sequence of key codes (00-99) into the key buffer. - SYSTEM SW: Calls the RS232C settings menu similar to the VX-4 F.COM>Device>Switch menu. - SYSTEM COPY: Copies a complete MD-100 disk to another disk. - SYSTEM SUM: ROM card sum and xor test.