STUDY ON THE DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE CONTENT OF SOILS BY MICROWAVE OVEN METHOD
Table of Contents Table of Contents

GEO REPORT No. 221

Philip W.K. Chung & Tony Y.K. Ho

Table of Contents

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING OFFICE CIVIL ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT THE GOVERNMENT OF THE HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
This report was originally produced in May 2006 as GEO Special Project Report No. SPR 1/2006
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
First published, January 2008 Prepared by: Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering and Development Department, Civil Engineering and Development Building, 101 Princess Margaret Road, Homantin, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents
PREFACE In keeping with our policy of releasing information which may be of general interest to the geotechnical profession and the public, we make available selected internal reports in a series of publications termed the GEO Report series. The GEO Reports can be downloaded from the website of the Civil Engineering and Development Department (http://www.cedd.gov.hk) on the Internet. Printed copies are also available for some GEO Reports. For printed copies, a charge is made to cover the cost of printing. The Geotechnical Engineering Office also produces documents specifically for publication. These include guidance documents and results of comprehensive reviews. These publications and the printed GEO Reports may be obtained from the Governments Information Services Department. Information on how to purchase these documents is given on the second last page of this report.
R.K.S. Chan Head, Geotechnical Engineering Office January 2008
FOREWORD Microwave oven method is an alternative to the oven-drying method specified in the General Specification of Civil Engineering Works (1992 Edition). This method is much quicker for drying of soils than the oven-drying method and therefore would be ideal for rapid moisture content determination. However, there is a concern that the determination of moisture content of soils using microwave oven may give erroneous results due to the possibility of overheating. Thus, microwave oven method is not routinely used. There is merit to further develop microwave oven method for routine soil testing. In the past few years, the Public Works Central Laboratory of the Geotechnical Engineering Office conducted a study on the reliability of using microwave oven for determination of moisture content of soils. This report documents the details and results of the study. The study was initially carried out by Mr. Philip W K Chung under the supervision of Mr. Joe B N Leung and was later taken over by Mr. Michael M Y Ho and Mr. Tony Y K Ho under the supervision of Mr. Willie W L Wong. The draft report was prepared by Philip W K Chung and was finalised by Mr. Tony Y K Ho under the supervision of Mr. Rick C K Tam. Mr. P P Fan and other colleagues of the Public Works Regional Laboratories provided useful comments on a draft of this report.
( W K Pun ) Chief Geotechnical Engineer/Standards & Testing
ABSTRACT The standard test method for determination of moisture content of soils in Hong Kong is given in Geospec 3 - Model Specification for Soil Testing (previously GEO Report No. 36). The method is based essentially on use of traditional convection oven operating at a temperature of either 45C 5C or 105C 5C depending on the types of soil samples tested. It needs a drying time of at least 20 hours, which is considered to be too time consuming for some construction jobs (e.g. fill compaction works) where a quick but fairly accurate determination of moisture content of soils is required. This study contains a review of literature and existing test standards in relation to the use of microwave oven for moisture content determination. In addition to the test method stated in the General Specification (GS) for Civil Engineering Works (1992 Edition), ASTM D4643 is found to be another readily available standard test method, which includes requirements to control the power ratings of microwave ovens and the period of drying procedure. Thus, the possibility of overheating of a soil sample can be greatly reduced. Based on the laboratory tests conducted under this study, both the ASTM and GS methods give comparable test results and agree reasonably well with those obtained by convection oven method (maximum actual difference within 1%). In addition, the methods are found to be suitable for most common fill materials adopted in Hong Kong (usually from CDG and CDV origins). Provided that proper power setting of microwave oven is used, the tests can normally be completed within an hour. As regards the test procedures, the GS method is relatively less labour-intensive than the ASTM method and is thus more preferable from site operation point of view. To enhance the reliability of the GS method, some amendments to the existing test requirements and procedures are suggested, such as control on maximum drying period and output power ratings of microwave ovens. Moreover, several safety precaution measures for using microwave ovens are proposed.

time, but it was still not greater than 15 drying cycles (around 1.5 hours). Figure B1 shows the frequency distribution plot of the comparative test results (i.e. the difference in moisture content results obtained by the microwave oven and convection oven methods). The data set is observed to fit a normal distribution. The validity of the assumed probabilistic model is checked by Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test (Ang & Tang, 1975) and is not rejected at the 5% significant level. By fitting the probability distribution of the data set with a normal distribution model, the mean and standard deviation of the model are found to be 0.13% and 0.21% respectively. Based on the statistical analysis, the interval, which covers at least 95% of population of test results with 95% confidence level, is between -0.4% to 0.6%. Moreover, no individual comparative test result is found to be greater than 0.8%. Therefore, this shows that moisture contents determined by the GS method are comparable to those obtained by the ASTM method. As regards the test procedures, the GS method is considered to be relatively less labour-intensive than the ASTM method. For the ASTM method, the test specimen is required to be weighed very frequently throughout the test (initial drying period of 3 minutes followed by 1-minute heating cycle), thus requiring almost full attendance of an operator during the entire process. This may not be favourable in the working environment of construction sites, where only limited staff can be provided to handle a large amount of test requests with the need for rapid results. Given that the reliability of the two methods is similar, the GS method is thus preferable from site operation point of view. 5.4 Suggested Amendments to the GS Method Based on the above reasons, the GS method is recommended. However, some amendments to the existing test requirements and procedures are suggested to reduce the potential for overheating of soil samples, which have already been adopted by the PWRL as their internal practice, including the following: (a) Microwave ovens used shall have rated output power not greater than 1700 W. (The rated output power of common microwave ovens for industrial use is as high as 1700 W. Based on the test results in Appendix B, the use of this kind of microwave ovens still yield fairly accurate results provided proper control on drying procedures is exercised. Thus, the maximum limit of 1700 W is suggested.) (b) Time for each drying cycle is controlled to 5 minutes. (c) In between each drying cycle, test specimens shall be mixed thoroughly to achieve a more uniform heating. In addition, several safety precaution measures as mentioned in ASTM D4643 are also recommended. Details of the proposed amendments are tabulated in Appendix D.
6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS From the results of the tests conducted, coupled with the findings from the literature review and regular comparative tests carried out by the Public Works Regional Laboratories, the feasibility of using microwave oven to determine moisture content of soils is well demonstrated. In addition, both the test methods stated in the GS and ASTM D4643 are proven to be quick and fairly accurate means for moisture content determination. The ASTM method also includes requirements to control the power ratings of microwave ovens and the period of drying procedure. Thus, the possibility of overheating of a soil sample can be greatly reduced. Based on the study, the test results obtained by the ASTM and GS methods are comparable to each other and agree reasonably well with those obtained by convection oven method in accordance with GEO Report No. 36 or Geospec 3 (maximum actual difference within 1%). In addition, the methods are found to be suitable for most common fill materials adopted in Hong Kong (usually from CDG and CDV origins). Provided that proper power setting of microwave oven is used, the tests can normally be completed within an hour. Regarding the test procedures, the GS method is considered to be relatively less labour-intensive than the ASTM method. In the ASTM method, the test specimen is required to be weighed very frequently throughout the test (initial drying period of 3 minutes followed by 1-minute heating cycle), thus requiring almost full attendance of an operator during the entire process. This may not be favourable in the working environment of construction sites, where only limited staff can be provided to handle a large amount of test requests with the need for rapid results. As a result, the GS method is more preferable from site operation point of view. To enhance the reliability of the GS method, some amendments are proposed, such as control on maximum output power rating of microwave ovens used and time for each drying cycle. In addition, as the use of microwave oven is more hazardous compared to the operation of using convection oven, some safety precaution measures are recommended. Details of the proposed amendments are tabulated in Appendix D. 7. REFERENCES Ang, A. H-S & Tang, W.H. (1975). Probability Concepts in Engineering Planning and Design, Volume 1 Basic Principles. John Wiley & Sons. AS/NZS (1995). Australian Standard/New Zealand Standard 2895.1:1995: Performance of household electrical appliances - Microwave ovens, Part 1: Methods for measuring the performance of microwave ovens for household and similar purposes. Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand. ASTM (1987). ASTM D 4642-87: Standard Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil by the Microwave Oven Method. ASTM International. ASTM (1993). ASTM D 4642-93: Standard Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil by the Microwave Oven Method. ASTM International.

m.c.= M (M 1 M 2 ) mass of water 100 % = 100 % = w 100 % Ms (M 2 M c ) mass of ovendried soil
where: m.c. M1 M2 Mc Mw Ms
= moisture content, %; = mass of container and moist specimen (with stirring rod), g; = mass of container and ovendried speciment (with stirring rod), g; = mass of container (with stirring rod), g; = mass of water, g; and = mass of solid particles, g.
29 Table of Contents Table of Contents
Table 3 - Testing Program for the First Stage of the Tests

Soil Type

Target Moisture Content for Sample Preparation
Type of Oven Microwave (High) Microwave (Medium) Convection (45C5C) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (High) Microwave (Medium) Convection (45C5C) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (Low) Microwave (45C5C) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (High) Microwave (Medium) Convection (45C5C) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (High) Microwave (Medium) Convection (45C5C) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (Low) Convection (45C5C) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (High) Microwave (Medium) Convection (45C5C) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (High) Microwave (Medium) Convection (45C5C) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (High) Convection (45C5C) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (High) Convection (45C5C) Convection (105C5C)
No. of Specimen Total no. of specimen = 50

9% Coarsegrained 14%

Mediumgrained Finegrained
Table 4 - Testing Program for the Second Stage of the Tests

Soil Sample Number 24

Target Moisture Content for Sample Preparation 15% 14% 9% 17% 17% 10% 14% 11% 19%
Type of Oven Microwave (Medium) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (Medium) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (Medium) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (Medium) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (Medium) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (Medium) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (Medium) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (Medium) Convection (105C5C) Microwave (Medium) Convection (105C5C)
No. of Specimen Total no. of specimen = 144
Table 5 - Test Results of Moisture Content Determination (for the First Stage of the Tests)
Microwave Oven Method Soil Type Target m.c. (%) Test 1 (*) m.c (%) 10 CDG CDV 40 (1) (2) (3) (4) 13.67 11.11 16.33 8.01 13.71 18.32 43.06 13.42 11.31 16.3 8.28 14.9 19.38 43.25 13.55 11.21 16.32 8.15 14.31 18.85 43.16 13.34 10.72 15.64 8.6 13.29 18.32 40.69 9.74 Test 2 (*) m.c (%) 9.78 Average m.c (%) 9.76 45C5C m.c (%) 9.53
Convection Oven Method Normalised Difference (%) 2.4 1.5 4.6 4.3 -5.3 7.6 2.9 6.1 105C5C m.c (%) 9.84 13.62 11.47 16.48 9.01 13.65 19.22 44.11 Normalised Difference (%) -0.8 -0.6 -2.3 -1.0
Coarse grained Medium grained Fine grained Notes:

-9.6 4.8 -1.9 -2.2

The test procedures for the microwave oven method followed ASTM D4643-93 (ASTM, 1993) with modifications as described in Section 4.2.1 of this report. Microwave oven of Model No. SHARP R-8R51 was adopted for the tests. The test procedures for the convection oven method followed GEO Report No. 36 (GEO, 1996). (*) represents that tests were carried out under high power setting. Normalised dfference = (microwave oven result - convection oven result)/convection oven result 100%

Table 6 - Time Required for Moisture Content Determination under Different Microwave Power Setting (for the First Stage of the Tests)
Power Setting of Microwave Oven Soil Type Target m.c. High Total Drying Time (min) 9% CDG 10% 14% 7% CDV 11% 16% Coarse grained Medium grained Fine grained Notes: 9% 14% 20% 40% -8.-Medium Total Drying Time (min) -15.5 16.5 ---Low Total Drying Time (min) 50 (*) --35 (*) -------
(1) Microwave oven of Model No. SHARP R-8R51 was adopted for the tests and the equivalent output powers under different settings are given in Table 7. (2) (*) Test not yet finished up to the reported time.
Table 7 - Measurement of Equivalent Output Power of Microwave Ovens (for the First Stage of the Tests) (Sheet 1 of 2)
Microwave Oven Model: SHARP R-8R51 (rated output power = 700 W) T0 Mw Power level (C) (g) 1000.1 High 1000.0 999.8 1000.0 Medium 999.9 1000.0 1000.9 Low 1002.4 1000.2 21.0 22.0 23.5 23.5 22.5 22.5 20.0 20.0 22.0
T1 (C) 11.9 12.1 13.9 13.9 12.9 12.9 9.4 9.2 10.3
T2 (C) 20.5 21.3 22.7 22.6 21.8 21.5 18.9 19.1 19.9

Time (s) 360

Measured Output Power (Watt) 110
Microwave Oven Model: National NN-5207 (rated output power = 600 W) T0 Mw Power level (C) (g) 1000.0 High 999.9 1000.0 1000.7 Medium 1000.4 1001.7 1000.1 Low 999.9 1000.2 20.0 20.0 20.0 21.0 21.0 20.5 21.0 21.0 21.0
T1 (C) 9.4 10.4 10.5 9.5 9.4 9.2 9.2 10.8 9.4
T2 (C) 17.4 18.4 18.4 20.7 20.5 20.3 29.2 32.0 32.0
Measured Output Power (Watt) 274
Table 7 - Measurement of Equivalent Output Power of Microwave Ovens (for the First Stage of the Tests) (Sheet 2 of 2)
Microwave Oven Model: National NN-6752 (rated output power = 850 W) T0 Mw Power level (C) (g) 1000.2 High 999.0 1003.2 1004.3 Medium 1004.0 998.7 1001.6 Low Notes: (1) (2) 999.7 -19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 --
T1 (C) 9.0 10.5 9.0 9.0 10.3 9.4 10.4 9.9 --
T2 (C) 18.9 19.9 18.6 18.2 19.1 18.3 18.6 18.1 --
Measured Output Power (Watt) --
All the microwave ovens used were operating at a frequency of 2450 MHz. The measurement method for the output power of microwave oven followed Clause 12 of Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 2895.1:1995 (AS/NZS, 1995). In the test, about 1 kg of water at 10C1C in a glass container is raised to ambient temperature (20C2C) by heating in the microwave oven. The time for the water to be heated is then measured. The equivalent output power of microwave oven (in Watt) is calculated from the following formula:

Results of T-Test (2-tailed) Meaning Implication Significance from Statistical Point (p-value) of View 0.002 (< /2 = 0.025) 0.218 (> /2 = 0.025) 0.421 (> /2 = 0.025) 0.477 (> /2 = 0.025) 0.427 (> /2 = 0.025) 0.931 (> /2 = 0.025) 0.244 (> /2 = 0.025) 0.279 (> /2 = 0.025) 0.465 (> /2 = 0.025) Two means differ significantly. Two means do not differ significantly. Two means do not differ significantly. Two means do not differ significantly. Two means do not differ significantly. Two means do not differ significantly. Two means do not differ significantly. Two means do not differ significantly. Two means do not differ significantly.
The test procedures for the microwave oven and convection oven methods followed ASTM D4643-00 and Test Method 5.2 of Geospec 3 respectively. Std. Dev. stands for standard deviation. T-test was adopted to compare means for the above two methods for determination of moisture content of soil. In the analysis, the level of significance () is set at 0.05 (i.e. /2 = 0.025 for 2-tailed cases). A computer program called SPSS (Version 7.5) was adopted for the analysis. Detailed results are attached to Appendix C.
LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Typical One-minute Weighing Curve Drying Curve for CDG with Target Moisture Content of 10% and 14% Drying Curve for CDV with Target Moisture Content of 11% and 16% Drying Curve for Coarse-grained Soils with Target Moisture Content of 9% and 14% Drying Curve for Medium-grained Soils with Target Moisture Content of 20% Drying Curve for Fine-grained Soils Page No. 41 42
Figure 1 - Typical One-minute Weighing Curve
Figure 2 - Drying Curve for CDG with Target Moisture Content of 10% and 14%
Figure 3 - Drying Curve for CDV with Target Moisture Content of 11% and 16%
Figure 4 - Drying Curve for Coarse-grained Soils with Target Moisture Content of 9% and 14%
Figure 5 - Drying Curve for Medium-grained Soils with Target Moisture Content of 20%
Figure 6 - Drying Curve for Fine-grained Soils
THEORY OF MICROWAVE HEATING APPENDIX A
Theory of Microwave Heating
As shown in Figure A1, the microwaves in a microwave oven are produced by a continuous wave magnetron valve and are fed into a drying cabinet (or cavity) by means of a wave-guide system. The inner and outer cores of the magnetron in fact serve as cathode and anode of the system respectively. Electrons are emitted from the cathode towards the anode. The magnetic field then causes the electrons to spin about the cathode (i.e. accelerates towards the cathode). From electromagnetic theory, acceleration of charged particles will emit electromagnetic waves. This is the physical basis for the production of microwaves. Microwaves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum and have wavelengths from approximately 1 mm to 1 m (300 GHz to 0.3 GHz). Most domestic microwave ovens in the market have a rated microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz. This frequency is close to the natural frequency of water molecule. In fact, most of the domestic microwave ovens are intended for heating food and beverages. At this frequency, the vigorous vibration of water molecules (up side down movement because of the dipolar structure) contained within food causes intermolecular friction which in turn generates heat to cook up the food. When first introduced, microwave ovens were reported to affect heart pacemakers, primarily because of the operating frequencies of the two devices. Since that time, pacemakers have been redesigned and the microwave oven is no longer regarded as a health hazard it once was. Microwaves can either be absorbed by, reflected by or pass through a material. They have good penetration properties and materials which absorb them are rapidly heated. The increase in temperature of a material resulting from microwave heating depends on the specific heat and density of the material. In soil, water absorbs microwaves far more readily than soil particles. Hence water is preferentially heated and quickly converted to vapour. Somlo (1995) described how the microwave frequency affected the depth of penetration of the microwave applied. The electrical properties of materials can be characterized by the complex dielectric constant, , as follows: = ' - i'' where ' is a measure of the concentration of the electrical field inside the material; " is a measure of the lossyness of the material, i.e. how much of the energy of an alternating field is converted into heat in the material and so becoming lost. (The conversion of electrical energy into heat may be looked upon as a form of friction); and

Public Works Regional Laboratory (Tsuen Wan)
Microwave Oven ID No. Equivalent Power Output (W) 796 Sample Type Sample No. 3 Moisture Content (%) by Convection Oven Method Test 1 11.40 15.90 21.40 8.90 16.70 22.20 9.70 17.30 24.30 10.70 16.20 21.10 6.40 17.50 21.50 8.30 15.50 22.40 11.20 17.40 21.30 Test 2 11.50 15.70 21.40 9.00 16.80 22.30 9.70 17.50 24.30 10.80 16.20 21.20 6.50 17.50 21.60 7.90 15.50 22.50 11.20 17.80 21.30 Average 11.45 15.80 21.40 8.95 16.75 22.25 9.70 17.40 24.30 10.75 16.20 21.15 6.45 17.50 21.55 8.10 15.50 22.45 11.20 17.60 21.30 Test 1 11.40 15.80 21.40 9.00 16.90 22.40 9.80 17.30 24.20 10.80 16.10 21.00 6.50 17.80 21.50 7.80 15.40 23.10 11.20 17.30 21.30 Moisture Content (%) by Microwave Oven Method Test 2 11.50 16.00 21.50 9.00 16.70 22.20 9.70 17.30 24.40 10.80 16.40 21.20 6.50 17.50 21.70 7.80 15.40 23.00 11.20 17.20 21.30 Test 3 15.70 21.50 16.90 22.20 17.40 24.40 16.30 21.30 17.60 21.90 15.40 23.00 17.20 20.90 Test 4 15.70 21.50 17.00 22.50 17.40 24.40 16.30 21.20 17.60 21.50 15.40 22.80 17.40 21.30 Test 5 Test 6 Average 11.45 15.80 21.48 9.00 16.88 22.33 9.75 17.35 24.35 10.80 16.28 21.18 6.50 17.63 21.65 7.80 15.40 22.98 11.20 17.28 21.20 Difference Total Drying Cycles in m.c. for Microwave Results Oven Method (%) 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.-0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.-0.-0.0.0.-0.-0.10 6

28-May-04

TW0748 (High)
Silty/clayey very gravelly SAND Silty/clayey very gravelly SAND Very silty/clayey gravelly SAND Silty/clayey gravelly SAND Silty/clayey gravelly SAND Silty/clayey gravelly SAND Silty/clayey gravelly SAND

05-Jul-04

TW0525 (High)

24-Sep-04

TW0466 (High)

17-Nov-04

03-Jan-05

23-Mar-05

13-May-05 Notes:
TW0748 (High) (1) (2) (3) (4)
Table B3 - Results of Comparative Tests Carried by Public Works Regional Laboratory (Tseung Kwan O)
Public Works Regional Laboratory (Tseung Kwan O)
Microwave Oven ID No. Equivalent Power Output (W) 748 Sample Type Sample No. Moisture Content (%) by Convection Oven Method Test 1 9.4 16.6 22.1 9.5 16.2 21.5 8.5 18.0 22.3 6.9 17.5 21.4 9.4 16.5 21.5 9.5 16.6 22.2 8.6 17.1 20.9 6.9 17.5 21.4 Test 2 9.4 16.6 22.2 9.5 16.5 21.5 8.5 18.0 22.2 6.9 17.9 21.7 9.4 16.5 21.2 9.5 16.6 22.2 8.5 17.1 21.0 6.9 17.9 21.7 Average 9.40 16.60 22.15 9.50 16.35 21.50 8.50 18.00 22.25 6.90 17.70 21.55 9.40 16.50 21.35 9.50 16.60 22.20 8.55 17.10 20.95 6.90 17.70 21.55 Test 1 10.0 16.8 22.1 9.6 16.3 21.2 8.8 18.2 22.1 7.1 16.6 21.5 9.6 16.4 21.3 9.9 16.7 22.0 8.8 17.0 21.0 7.4 16.9 22.0 Test 2 9.9 16.7 22.1 9.5 16.4 21.2 8.8 18.1 22.0 7.4 17.1 21.9 9.6 16.4 21.2 9.9 16.7 22.2 8.9 17.0 21.2 7.1 17.2 21.5 Moisture Content (%) by Microwave Oven Method Test 3 16.6 22.3 16.3 21.2 18.1 22.1 17.2 21.7 16.4 21.6 16.6 22.1 17.1 21.2 17.3 21.7 Test 4 16.7 22.2 16.3 21.6 18.2 22.0 16.9 21.5 16.5 21.4 16.8 22.1 17.1 21.3 17.1 21.9 Test 5 Test 6 Average 9.95 16.70 22.18 9.55 16.33 21.47 8.80 18.15 22.03 7.25 16.95 21.70 9.60 16.43 21.33 9.90 16.70 22.15 8.85 17.03 21.15 7.25 17.13 21.73 Difference Total Drying Cycles in m.c. for Microwave Results Oven Method (%) 0.0.0.0.-0.-0.0.0.-0.0.-0.0.0.-0.-0.0.0.-0.0.-0.0.0.-0.0.18 9

03-Mar-03

TK0640 (High)
Sandy SILT/CLAY SAND Slightly silty gravelly SAND Slightkly gravelly sandy SILT SAND Sandy SILT/CLAY Slightly silty gravelly SAND Slightkly gravelly sandy SILT

03-Sep-03

TK0641 (High)

03-Jan-05 Notes:

TK0641 (High) (1) (2) (3) (4)
Table B4 - Results of Comparative Tests Carried by Public Works Regional Laboratory (North Lantau) (Sheet 1 of 2)
Public Works Regional Laboratory (North Lantau)
Microwave Oven ID No. Equivalent Power Output (W) 891 Sample Type Sample No. Moisture Content (%) by Convection Oven Method Test 1 10.3 18.1 22.9 10.7 17.0 22.4 9.6 16.2 20.9 11.7 17.5 22.7 10.0 17.2 21.5 8.6 17.1 23.6 5.3 18.1 23.7 10.9 17.2 22.7 8.6 17.2 24.2 10.6 17.4 23.1 10.0 18.0 22.6 9.5 18.0 23.5 Test 2 10.3 17.9 23.2 10.6 16.8 22.4 9.5 16.2 20.7 12.0 17.4 22.9 9.9 17.6 21.8 8.5 17.2 23.7 5.3 18.0 23.9 10.7 17.5 23.0 8.7 16.9 24.2 10.6 17.6 23.4 10.0 18.2 22.9 9.6 18.0 23.7 Average 10.30 18.00 23.05 10.65 16.90 22.40 9.55 16.20 20.80 11.85 17.45 22.80 9.95 17.40 21.65 8.55 17.15 23.65 5.30 18.05 23.80 10.80 17.35 22.85 8.65 17.05 24.20 10.60 17.50 23.25 10.00 18.10 22.75 9.55 18.00 23.60 Test 1 10.6 17.9 23.0 10.7 17.0 22.5 9.8 15.9 20.9 12.3 17.8 23.1 10.3 17.7 22.0 8.8 17.2 23.9 5.6 18.3 23.7 10.8 17.3 23.1 8.8 17.1 24.7 10.5 17.5 23.4 10.1 18.1 22.7 9.8 18.1 23.9 Test 2 10.5 18.1 23.2 10.5 17.2 22.7 9.7 16.2 20.6 12.3 17.9 23.2 10.4 16.9 21.6 8.8 17.3 24.1 5.7 18.3 23.8 10.7 17.2 23.0 8.9 17.4 24.5 10.6 17.7 23.2 10.2 18.3 22.8 9.7 18.2 23.7 Moisture Content (%) by Microwave Oven Method Test 3 17.8 23.3 17.3 22.5 15.9 20.8 18.0 22.9 17.3 21.7 17.2 24.2 18.4 23.6 17.2 22.9 17.0 24.7 17.6 23.5 18.2 23.0 18.0 23.8 Test 4 17.9 23.0 17.3 22.6 16.0 21.0 17.8 22.9 17.2 22.0 17.4 23.9 18.1 23.9 17.6 22.9 17.3 24.7 17.7 23.3 18.2 22.7 18.4 23.7 Test 5 Test 6 Average 10.55 17.93 23.12 10.60 17.20 22.58 9.75 16.00 20.83 12.30 17.88 23.05 10.35 17.28 21.90 8.80 17.28 24.00 5.65 18.28 23.77 10.75 17.33 23.10 8.85 17.20 24.70 10.55 17.63 23.37 10.15 18.20 22.82 9.75 18.18 23.78 Difference Total Drying Cycles in m.c. for Microwave Results Oven Method (%) 0.-0.0.-0.0.0.0.-0.0.0.0.0.0.-0.0.0.0.0.0.0.-0.-0.-0.0.0.0.0.-0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.18 10

07-Nov-03

NL0553 (High)
Gravelly silty SAND Gravelly silty SAND Gravelly silty SAND Gravelly silty SAND Gravelly silty SAND Gravelly silty SAND Gravelly silty SAND Gravelly silty SAND Gravelly silty SAND Gravelly very silty SAND Slightly gravelly silty SAND Gravelly silty SAND

03-May-04

26-Oct-04

Power Setting High High High High High High High High High High High
Equivalent Power Output (W) 1340

Tsuen Wan

TW0525 TW0748

Tseung Kwan O

TKO640 TKO641 NL0553

North Lantau

NL1073 NL1075 NL1077

Notes:

(1) (2)
The measurement method for the output power of microwave ovens followed Clause 12 of AS/NZS 2895.1:1996 (AS/NZS, 1995). The following microwave ovens were out-of-service at the time of the measurement: Public Works Regional Laboratory (Tin Shui Wai): ID No. TSO688 NATIONAL NE-1756 Public Works Regional Laboratory (North Lantau): ID No. NL1070 NATIONAL NE-1457 ID No. NL1071 NATIONAL NE-1756 ID No. NL1072 NATIONAL NE-1756 ID No. NL1074 NATIONAL NE-1756 According to the manufacturer's technical specifications, the output power of the above microwave ovens are listed below: NATIONAL NE-1756: 1700 W NATIONAL NE-1457: 1400 W NATIONAL NE-1070: 1000 W NATIONAL NE-1037: 950 W

No. of Test Results

-0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1
Difference in Moisture Content Results

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Difference in moisture content results = microwave oven result (wm) convection oven result (wc) The test results obtained by the four regional laboratories (altogether 135 nos.) are taken into account in the analysis. Based on Grubbs test (BSI, 1994) for the test results for each regional laboratory, no statistical outliners are found (with Grubbs test statistic greater than 1% critical value). The data set is observed to fit a normal distribution. The validity of the assumed probabilistic model is checked by Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test (Ang & Tang, 1975) and is not rejected at the 5% significance level. By fitting the probability distribution of the data set with a normal distribution model, the mean and standard deviation of the model are found to be 0.13% and 0.21% respectively. On this basis, the interval that covers at least 95% of population (p=0.95) of the results on difference in moisture content with 95% confidence level (1-=0.95) is between -0.34% to 0.60% (i.e. 0.13% 2.234 0.21%), where 2.234 is the statistical tolerance limit factor determined from Table E.4 of BS ISO 16269-6:2005 (BSI, 2005). For p=0.99 and 1-=0.99, the statistical tolerance limit factor is 3.098 from Table E.5 of BS ISO 16269-6:2005 (BSI, 2005) and the corresponding interval is between -0.52% to 0.78% (i.e. 0.13% 3.098 0.21%). With the aid of the statistical analysis, it can be seen that the chance of having the difference in the test results (wm-wc) greater than 1% is very low.
Figure B1 - Distribution Graph of Difference in Moisture Content Results

df 14 10.867

Sig. (2-tailed).427.431
Mean Difference.1550.1550
Std. Error Difference.1895.1895

SAMPLE NO. 17

Mean 10.6563 10.6763

Std. Deviation.3683.5238

Std. Error Mean.1302.1852

a. SAMPLE = 17

t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Mean Lower Upper -.5055 -.5108.4655.4708
F RESULT Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed 1.074

Sig.318

t -.088 -.088

df 14 12.563

Sig. (2-tailed).931.931
Mean Difference -2.0000E-02 -2.0000E-02
Std. Error Difference.2264.2264

SAMPLE NO. 19

Mean 14.7113 14.4525

Std. Deviation.4565.3926

Std. Error Mean.1614.1388

a. SAMPLE = 19

t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Mean Lower Upper -.1979 -.1988.7154.7163
F RESULT Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed.329

Sig.575

t 1.215 1.215

df 14 13.693

Sig. (2-tailed).244.245
Mean Difference.2588.2588
Std. Error Difference.2129.2129

SAMPLE NO. 23

Mean 10.7675 11.2725
Std. Deviation.7406 1.0294
Std. Error Mean.2619.3640

a. SAMPLE = 23

t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Mean Lower Upper -1.4667 -1.4759.4567
F RESULT Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed.146

Sig.708

t -1.126 -1.126

df 14 12.715

Sig. (2-tailed).279.281
Mean Difference -.5050 -.5050
Std. Error Difference.4484.4484

SAMPLE NO. 24

Mean 19.3988 19.1963

Std. Deviation.3018.6897

Std. Error Mean.1067.2438

a. SAMPLE = 24

t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Mean Lower Upper
F RESULT Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed 8.976

Sig.010

t.761.761

df 14 9.586

Sig. (2-tailed).459.465
Mean Difference.2025.2025
Std. Error Difference.2662.2662

-.3684 -.3940

.7734.7990

(1) (2) (3)

(4) (5)
T-test method was adopted to compare means obtained by the microwave wave method (named as microwave in the tables) and the convection oven method (named as heating oven in the tables). A computer program called SPSS (Version 7.5) was adopted for the analysis. Detailed results are presented in the above tables (being the output of the computer program). In each table, results for Levenes Test for Equality of Variances is given. This test is used to determine if the spread of the groups differs significantly. The null hypothesis for this test is that the two variances (not the means) are equal. If the calculated significance (p-value) is less than the required value, this means that the two variances differ significantly and separate-variance t-test for means should be used in this case (results given under equal variances not assumed in the table). Otherwise, pooled-variance t-test for means should be adopted (results given under equal variances assumed in the table). In the analysis, the required value (level of significance) is set at 0.05. The principles of T-test and Levenes Test can be found in many statistics textbooks and therefore are not discussed in this report.

Reporting of results

6.2.5 The following shall be reported: (a) (b) (c) Source and identification of the soil. The moisture content of the material to the nearest 0.1%. That the test method used was accordance with this Specification. in
67 Table of Contents Table of Contents

Item Safety Precaution

Existing Version of GS Proposed Amended Version Details of Amendments Included (Hong Kong Government, 1992) A new item that is not included in the existing GS 6.2.7 The following safety precautions are suggested: The safety precautions in reference clauses. to ASTM D4643 are recommended. (a) Handle hot containers with a container holder. (b) (c) Suitable eye protection is recommended. Soils containing oil or other contaminates may ignite into flames during microwave drying. Also, fumes given off may be toxic. Therefore, for safety reason, this method is not suitable for such soil. A covering over the sample container may be appropriate to prevent operator injury or oven damage. A heavy paper toweling has been found satisfactory for this purpose. This also prevents scattering of the test sample in the oven during the drying cycles. Other safety precautions as recommended by the manufacturer should be followed.
GEO PUBLICATIONS AND ORDERING INFORMATION
A selected list of major GEO publications is given in the next page. An up-to-date full list of GEO publications can be found at the CEDD Website http://www.cedd.gov.hk on the Internet under Publications. Abstracts for the documents can also be found at the same website. Technical Guidance Notes are published on the CEDD Website from time to time to provide updates to GEO publications prior to their next revision. Copies of GEO publications (except maps and other publications which are free of charge) can be purchased either by: writing to Publications Sales Section, Information Services Department, Room 402, 4th Floor, Murray Building, Garden Road, Central, Hong Kong. Fax: (852) or

http://www.cedd.gov.hk

( ): 4402 : (852)
Calling the Publications Sales Section of Information Services Department (ISD) at (852) Visiting the online Government Bookstore at http://bookstore.esdlife.com Downloading the order form from the ISD website at http://www.isd.gov.hk and submit the order online or by fax to (852) Placing order with ISD by e-mail at puborder@isd.gov.hk

((852) 2537 1910) http://bookstore.esdlife.com (http://www.isd.gov.hk) ((852) 2523 7195) (puborder@isd.gov.hk)
1:100 000, 1:and 1:maps can be purchased from: Map Publications Centre/HK, Survey & Mapping Office, Lands Department, 23th Floor, North Point Government Offices, 333 Java Road, North Point, Hong Kong. Tel: Fax: (852) Requests for copies of Geological Survey Sheet Reports, publications and maps which are free of charge should be sent to: For Geological Survey Sheet Reports and maps which are free of charge: Chief Geotechnical Engineer/Planning, (Attn: Hong Kong Geological Survey Section) Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering and Development Department, Civil Engineering and Development Building, 101 Princess Margaret Road, Homantin, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Tel: (852) Fax: (852) E-mail: jsewell@cedd.gov.hk For other publications which are free of charge: Chief Geotechnical Engineer/Standards and Testing, Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering and Development Department, Civil Engineering and Development Building, 101 Princess Margaret Road, Homantin, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Tel: (852) Fax: (852) E-mail: wmcheung@cedd.gov.hk
1:100 0001:20 0001:: : (852) 2116 0774
: 101 (:) : (852) : (852) : jsewell@cedd.gov.hk : 101 : (852) : (852) : wmcheung@cedd.gov.hk
MAJOR GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING OFFICE PUBLICATIONS
GEOTECHNICAL MANUALS Geotechnical Manual for Slopes, 2nd Edition (1984), 300 p. (English Version), (Reprinted, 2000). (1998)308(1984) Highway Slope Manual (2000), 114 p. GEOGUIDES Geoguide 1 Geoguide 2 Geoguide 3 Geoguide 4 Geoguide 5 Geoguide 6 GEOSPECS Geospec 1 Geospec 3 Model Specification for Prestressed Ground Anchors, 2nd Edition (1989), 164 p. (Reprinted, 1997). Model Specification for Soil Testing (2001), 340 p. Guide to Retaining Wall Design, 2nd Edition (1993), 258 p. (Reprinted, 2007). Guide to Site Investigation (1987), 359 p. (Reprinted, 2000). Guide to Rock and Soil Descriptions (1988), 186 p. (Reprinted, 2000). Guide to Cavern Engineering (1992), 148 p. (Reprinted, 1998). Guide to Slope Maintenance, 3rd Edition (2003), 132 p. (English Version). (2003)120() Guide to Reinforced Fill Structure and Slope Design (2002), 236 p.
GEO PUBLICATIONS GCO Publication No. 1/90 GEO Publication No. 1/93 GEO Publication No. 1/2000 GEO Publication No. 1/2006 GEO Publication No. 1/2007 Review of Design Methods for Excavations (1990), 187 p. (Reprinted, 2002).
Review of Granular and Geotextile Filters (1993), 141 p. Technical Guidelines on Landscape Treatment and Bio-engineering for Man-made Slopes and Retaining Walls (2000), 146 p. Foundation Design and Construction (2006), 376 p. Engineering Geological Practice in Hong Kong (2007), 278 p.

GEOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS The Quaternary Geology of Hong Kong, by J.A. Fyfe, R. Shaw, S.D.G. Campbell, K.W. Lai & P.A. Kirk (2000), 210 p. plus 6 maps. The Pre-Quaternary Geology of Hong Kong, by R.J. Sewell, S.D.G. Campbell, C.J.N. Fletcher, K.W. Lai & P.A. Kirk (2000), 181 p. plus 4 maps. TECHNICAL GUIDANCE NOTES TGN 1 Technical Guidance Documents

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CARD TELEPHONE CIRCUIT CARD TELEPHONE CIRCUIT CARD TELEPHONE CIRCUIT INTEGRAL LOUDSPEAKER FX5000 240V AC MAIN SUPPLY PHILIPS FX5000 RECEIVER STATION 146-174MHZ HEADPHONE FOR 40 CHANNEL RECORDER REELS TAKE UP FOR DICTAPHONE RECORDING TAPE 1" CARD TELEPHONE CIRCUIT CARD TELEPHONE CIRCUIT(POWER FAILURE TRANSFER UNIT CASE CARRYING FOR TEST EQUIPMENT'MARCONI' 2955 CARD TELEPHONE CIRCUIT CARD TELEPHONE CIRCUIT CARD TELEPHONE CIRCUIT RACK STORAGE FOR PORTABLE RADIO ASCOM HEADSET R120A KEYBOARD ALPHANUMBERICA FOR MANAGER MODE OPERATION MICROPHONE DESK TOP AT29694/11 FOR DS2000 SWITCH, FOOT ADAPTER ASSORTED AMPLIFIER ASSORTED ANTENNA ASSORTED BATTERY ASSORTED BOX ASSORTED CABLEASSORTED CASE ASSORTED CHARGER ASSORTED CLIP ASSORTED CONDITIONER ASSORTED DISTRIBUTER ASSORTED HEAD CONTROL ASSORTED HOUSING ASSORTED KEYFILL ASSORTED MANUAL ASSORTED MICROPHONE ASSORTED MOUNT ASSORTED POWER SUPPLY ASSORTED RADIO ASSORTED SPEAKER ASSORTED STRAP ASSORTED SURVELLIANCE KIT ASSORTED SWITCHASSORTED TESTER ASSORTED PROGRAMME UNIT ASSORTED
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AUCTION LIST M-25/2008 - 125 Lot No. Item No. Description Quantity
80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111.
Programming paradigms in LISP / Rajeev Sangal. LISP programming / Rajeev Sangal. Making serse of Modula-2 / Eric W. Tatham and Irene Glendinning. An introduction to programming with Modula-2 / Patrick D. Terry. Introduction to Modula-2 / Jim Welsh, John Elder. Modula-3 / Samuel P. Harbison. OCCAM 2 reference manual / INMOS Limited. Programming in Occam 2 / Alan Burns. Programming in occam 2 / Geraint Jones, Michael Goldsmith. P-Prolog : a parallel logic programming language / Rong Yang. Pascal precisely / Judy Bishop. Oh! Pascal! / Doug Cooper. Pascal's triangle : reading, writing, and reasoning about programs / Rick Decker & Stuart Hirshfield. Graphics programming in Turbo Pascal 6.0 / Ben Ezzell. Pascal : an introduction to methodical programming / William Findlay and David A. Watt. Teach yourself-- Pascal / Mark Goodwin. Schaum's outline of theory and problems of programming with PASCAL / Byron S. Gottfried. Introductory Pascal / B.J. Holmes. Pascal Programming / B.J. Holmes. Laboratories for a second course in computer science. ANSI Pascal version / Beverly Jamison, Ingrid Russell, Stephen Snover. Pascal : problem solving and program design / Elliot B. Koffman. Pascal / Elliot B. Koffman. The programming process : an introduction using VDM and Pascal / John T. Latham, Vicky J. Bush, Ian D. Cottam. Pascal with excellence : programming proverbs / Henry F. Ledgard with John Tauer. PASCAL : programming and problem solving / Sanford Leestma, Larry Nyhoff. PASCAL / Samuel L. Marateck. Advanced programming in Pascal with data structures / Larry Nyhoff, Sanford Leestma. Pascal : a new introduction to computer science / Terrence W. Pratt. Data structures : using Pascal / Samuel E. Rhoads, Michael V. Gearen. Data structures : using Pascal / Samuel E. Rhoads, Michael V. Gearen. Programming in Pascal / Douglas F. Riddle. Structures and abstractions : an introduction to computer science with Pascal / William I. Salmon.
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AUCTION LIST M-25/2008 - 126 Lot No. Item No. Description Quantity
112. Pascal : an introduction to the art and science of programming / Walter J. Savitch. 113. Fractal programming in Turbo Pascal / Roger T. Stevens. 114. Pascal and algorithms : an introduction to problem solving / Gregory F. Wetzel, William G. Bulgren. 115. Pascal : the software fundamentals of computer science / Richard A. Meyers. 116. Pascal and beyond : data abstraction and data structures using Turbo Pascal / Steve Fisher, Stuart Reges. 117. Handbook of algorithms and data structures : in Pascal and C / G.H. Gonnet, R. Baeza-Yates. 118. Teach yourself-- Pascal / by Mark Goodwin. 119. Data structures and program design in Pascal / Larry Nyhoff, Sanford Leestma. 120. Introduction to algorithms in Pascal / Thomas W. Parsons. 121. Advanced programming and data structures using PASCAL / John H. Riley, Jr. 122. Disciplined programming using Pascal / Samuel E. Rhoads, Michael V. Gearen illustrations by Katie Ralston. 123. Pascal by example : from practice to principle in computer science / Barry A. Burd. 124. PC scheme : user's guide & language reference manual / by Texas Instruments foreward by David H. Bartley. [et al.]. 125. PostScript language : program design / Adobe Systems Incorporated Glenn C. Reid. 126. Intelligent image processing in Prolog / Bruce G. Batchelor. 127. The implementation of Prolog / Patrice Boizumault co-translated by Ara M. Djamboulian and Jamal Fattouh. 128. Programming in Prolog / W. F. Clocksin, C. S. Mellish. 129. Introduction to programming in Prolog / Danny Crookes. 130. PROLOG for computer science / M.S. Dawe and C.M. Dawe. 131. Prolog : a logical approach / Tony Dodd. 132. Structured systems analysis through Prolog / Terry Goble. 133. Implementations of distributed Prolog / edited by Peter Kacsuk and Michael Wise. 134. Computing with logic : logic programming with Prolog / David Maier, David S. Warren. 135. Prolog. 136. Prolog. 137. Prolog and its applications : a Japanese perspective / edited by Fumio Mizoguchi. 138. Artificial intelligence through Prolog / Neil C. Rowe. 139. Memory performance of prolog architectures / by Evan Tick. 140. Mastering OS/2 REXX / Gabriel F. Gargiulo. 141. The REXX handbook / Gabriel Goldberg, Philip H. Smith, III.

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AUCTION LIST M-25/2008 - 133 Lot No. Item No. Description Quantity
318. The joy of X : an overview of the X Window system / Niall Mansfield. 319. Mastering OSF/Motif widgets / Donald L. McMinds. 320. Writing your own OSF/Motif widgets / Donald L. McMinds, Joseph P. Whitty. 321. X window system program design and development / Steven Mikes. 322. Programmer's reference : Microsoft Open Database Connectivity software development kit, version 2.0 : for Microsoft Windows and Windows NT operating systems. 323. The Developer's guide to WinHelp.Exe / by Jim Mischel edited by Jeff Duntemann. 324. Using Windows Sound System 2 / Martin L. Moore, Richard Brown, with assistance from David Wolf. 325. Windows advanced programming design / Peter J. Morris. 326. X window system administrator's guide : for X version 11 / by Linda Mui and Eric Pearce. 327. X user tools / Linda Mui and Valerie Quercia, with other authors including Ian Darwin. [et al.]. 328. Cross-platform programming for Windows / William H. Murray, Chris H. Pappas. 329. Writing Windows device drivers / Daniel A. Norton. 330. Peter Norton's introduction to computers 331. Peter Norton's introduction to computers 332. Sams teach yourself Windows CE programming in 24 hours / Jason P. Nottingham, Steven Makofsky, Andrew Tucker. 333. Xlib programming manual / by Adrian Nye. 334. OSF/Motif programmer's guide : revision 1.1 / Open Software Foundation. 335. Motif programming in the X Window system environment / William A. Parrette. 336. Windows NT in a nutshell : a desktop quick references for system administrators / by Eric Pearce graphic interface mapping by Chris Reilley and Beverly Murray Scherf. 337. X Window System user's guide / by Valerie Quercia and Tim O'Reilly. 338. X Window System user's guide for XII release 5 / Valerie quer[D[D[D[DQuercia and Tim O'Reilly. 339. Advanced X Window applications programming / Eric F. Johnson and Kevin Reichard. 340. X Window inside & out / Levi Reiss, Joseph Radin. 341. Advanced Windows / Jeffrey Richter. 342. Byte's windows programmer's cookbook / L. John Ribar. 343. Constructing Windows dialogs / Steve Rimmer.
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AUCTION LIST M-25/2008 - 134 Lot No. Item No. Description Quantity
344. X Window System : the complete reference to Xlib, X Protocol, ICCCM, XLFD / Robert W. Scheifler, James Gettys with Jim Flowers, David Rosenthal and contributions from Chuck Adams[et al.]. 345. Windows batch file programming / Namir C. Shammas. 346. X : a guide for users / Jerry D. Smith. 347. Solaris OpenWindows DeskSet reference. 348. The Shell hacker's guide to X and Motif / Alan Southerton. 349. Writing Windows : virtual device drivers / David Thielen and Bryan Woodruff. 350. Using OLE 2.x in application development / John Toohey. 351. Learning Windows programming with virtual reality / Christopher D. Watkins, Russell J. Berube, Jr. 352. OLE 2.0 and DDE distilled : a programmer's crash course / Al Williams. 353. The Windows interface guidelines for software design. 354. X protocol reference manual for version 11 of the X Window System / edited and with an introduction by Adrian Nye. 355. The X Window System in a nutshell : for version 11 Release 4 and Release 5 of the X Window System / edited by Ellie Cutler, Daniel Gilly, and Tim O'Reilly. 356. The X companion CD for R6 : for X Version 11 357. The X resource : a practical journal of the X window system. 358. The X resource : a practical journal of the X window system. 359. The X resource : a practical journal of the X window system. 360. The X resource : a practical journal of the X window system. 361. The X resource : a practical journal of the X window system. 362. The X resource : a practical journal of the X window system. 363. The X resource : a practical journal of the X window system. 364. The X resource : a practical journal of the X window system. 365. The X resource : a practical journal of the X window system. 366. The X resource : a practical journal of the X window system. 367. The X resource : a practical journal of the X window system. 368. The X resource : a practical journal of the X window system. 369. The X resource : a practical journal of the X window system. 370. Xlib by example : X version 11, release 5 / Cui-Qing Yang, Mahir S. Ali. 371. Motif debugging and performance tuning / Douglas A. Young. 372. The X window system : programming and applications with Xt / Douglas A. Young. 373. X window systems : programming and applications with Xt / Douglas A. Young. 374. Microprogrammed systems : an introduction to firmware theory / Daniel Mange translated by Jack Howlett.

AUCTION LIST M-25/2008 - 142 Lot No. Item No. Description Quantity
582. Hydrogenation of fats and oils : theory and practice / H.B.W. Patterson. 583. Proceedings of the World Conference on Lauric Oils : sources, processing, and applications / editor, Thomas H. Applewhite. 584. Handbook of compressed gases / Compressed Gas Association. 585. Fundamentals of ceramics / Michel W. Barsoum. 586. Ceramic injection molding / Beebhas C. Mutsuddy and Renee G. Ford. 587. Analytical chemistry of synthetic colorants / edited by A.T. Peters and H.S. Freeman. 588. Introduction to surfactant analysis / edited by D.C. Cullum. 589. Handbook of surfactants / M.R. Porter. 590. Polymer processing / D.H. Morton-Jones. 591. Polymer processing / D.H. Morton-Jones. 592. Polymer blends and alloys / edited by M.J. Folkes and P.S. Hope. 593. Handbook of plastics, elastomers, and composites / Charles A. Harper, editor-in-chief. 594. Handbook of plastics, elastomers, and composites / Charles A. Harper, editor-in-chief. 595. Handbook of polymer synthesis / edited by Hans R. Kricheldorf. 596. Handbook of polymer synthesis / edited by Hans R. Kricheldorf. 597. Composite materials technology : processes and properties / P.K. Mallick, S. Newman, eds. with contributions from G.B. Chapman. [et al.]. 598. The photographer's pocket manual : essential techniques for the photographer on the move / John Garrett. 599. Technology of paper recycling / edited by R.W.J. 600. How products are made : an illustrated guide to products manufacturing / Neil Schlager, editor. 601. Fabric manufacture : a handbook / Alan Newton. 602. Production and operations management : manufacturing and services / James B. Dilworth. 603. Production and operations management : manufacturing and services / James B. Dilworth. 604. Production and operations management : manufacturing and services / James B. Dilworth. 605. Fundamentals of production/operations management / William A. Ruth, Harold E. Fearon, C. David Wieters. 606. CEDAC : a tool for continuous systematic improvement / Ryuji Fukuda. 607. Principles of operations management / R.L. Galloway. 608. Management of advanced manufacturing technology : strategy, organization, and innovation / Donald Gerwin and Harvey Kolodny. 609. Managing an effective operation / Paul Graves and Eddie Fowler.
AUCTION LIST M-25/2008 - 143 Lot No. Item No. Description Quantity
610. Just-in-time manufacturing : a practical approach / Arnaldo Hernandez. 611. Manufacturing strategy : text and cases / Terry Hill. 612. Manufacturing strategy : text and cases / Terry Hill. 613. Production/operations management : text and cases / Terry Hill. 614. IE for the shop floor. 615. Operations research in production planning, scheduling, and inventory control / [by] Lynwood A. Johnson [and] Douglas C. Montgomery. 616. Operations research in production planning, scheduling, and inventory control / [by] Lynwood A. Johnson [and] Douglas C. Montgomery. 617. Implementing optimised production technology (implementing OPT) / Kevin Johnson. 618. Just-in-time manufacture / edited by Prof. C. A. Voss 619. Manufacturing technology / Stanley A. Komacek, Ann E. Lawson, Andrew C. Horton. 620. Engineers in business : the principles of management and product design / Mike Lanigan. 621. Engineering design for process facilities / Scott Mansfield. 622. Engineering design for process facilities / Scott Mansfield. 623. Manufacturing excellence in global markets / edited by W. Eversheim. [et al.]. 624. Manufacturing organization and management / Harold T. Amrine. [et al.]. 625. The management of operations : a conceptual emphasis / Jack R. Meredith. 626. The management of operations : a conceptual emphasis / Jack R. Meredith. 627. Mixed-model production / edited by Esme McTighe translated by Michael Kelsey. 628. Mixed-model production / edited by Esme McTighe translated by Michael Kelsey. 629. Mixed-model production / edited by Esme McTighe translated by Michael Kelsey. 630. Toyota production system : an integrated approach to just-in-time / Yasuhiro Monden. 631. Production and operations analysis / Steven Nahmias. 632. Production and operations analysis / Steven Nahmias. 633. The plant operations handbook : a tactical guide to everyday management / Gerhard J. Plenert. 634. Production handbook. 635. Principles of operations management : building and managing world class operations / Barry Render, Jay Heizer. 636. Principles of operations management : building and managing world class operations / Barry Render, Jay Heizer.

815. Creating quality : concepts, systems, strategies, and tools / William J. Kolarik. 816. Designing for quality : an introduction to the best of Taguchi and western methods of statistical experimental design / Robert H. Lochner, Joseph E. Matar. 817. Management for quality improvement : the seven new QC tools / edited by Shigeru Mizuno foreword by Norman Bodek. 818. Manufacturing development applications : guidelines for attaining quality and productivity / Andre McHose. 819. TQM in new product manufacturing / H.G. Menon. 820. Statistical quality control for manufacturing managers / William S. Messina. 821. The quality audit : a management evaluation tool / Charles A. Mills sponsored by American Society for Quality Control, Quality Audit Technical Committee. 822. The quality audit : a management evaluation tool / Charles A. Mills sponsored by American Society for Quality Control, Quality Audit Technical Committee. 823. Fundamentals of quality control and improvement / Amitava Mitra. 824. Fundamentals of quality control and improvement / Amitava Mitra. 825. Improving quality through planned experimentation / Ronald D. Moen, Thomas W. Nolan, Lloyd P. Provost. 826. Introduction to statistical quality control / Douglas C. Montgomery. 827. Sensory evaluation in quality control / Alejandra M. Munoz, Gail Vance Civille, B. Thomas Carr. 828. Standards, conformity assessment, and trade into the 21st century / International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee, Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy, National Research Council. 829. Total quality management : the route to improving performance / John S. Oakland. 830. Total quality management : the route to improving performance / John S. Oakland. 831. Total quality management : the route to improving performance / John S. Oakland. 832. Total quality management : text with cases / John S. Oakland, Leslie J. Porter. 833. ISO 9000 / Brian Rothery. 834. ISO 9000 / Brian Rothery. 835. ISO 9000 / Brian Rothery. 836. A primer on the Taguchi method / Ranjit K. Roy. 837. The quality master plan : a quality strategy for business leadership / J.P. Russell. 838. Statistical quality control with microcomputer applications / Larry E. Shirland. 839. Integrated process management : a quality model / Roger Slater.
AUCTION LIST M-25/2008 - 152 Lot No. Item No. Description Quantity
840. Statistical process control in automated manufacturing / edited by J. Bert Keats, Norma Faris Hubele. 841. An approach to quality improvement that works / A. Donald Stratton. 842. Quality engineering in production systems / Genichi Taguchi, Elsayed A. Elsayed, Thomas C. Hsiang. 843. Automating quality systems : a guide to the design and implementation of automated quality systems in manufacturing / J.D.T. Tannock. 844. The Management of quality and its control / Charles S. Tapiero. 845. A beginner's guide to quality in manufacturing / Michael Tedaldi, Fred Scaglione, Vincent Russotti. 846. A beginner's guide to quality in manufacturing / Michael Tedaldi, Fred Scaglione, Vincent Russotti. 847. A quality technology primer for managers / Joseph R. Tunner. 848. A quality technology primer for managers / Joseph R. Tunner. 849. Winning with quality : applying quality principles in product development / John W. Wesner, Jeffrey M. Hiatt, David C. Trimble. 850. Winning with quality : applying quality principles in product development / John W. Wesner, Jeffrey M. Hiatt, David C. Trimble. 851. Industry's guide to ISO 9000 / Adedeji Bodunde Badiru. 852. Creating and assuring quality / Richard Barrett Clements. 853. The no-nonsense guide to achieving ISO 9000 registration / Robert J. Craig. 854. ISO 9000 : achieving compliance and certification / Maureen A. Dalfonso. 855. ISO 9000 : a comprehensive guide to registration, audit guidelines, and successful certification / Greg Hutchins. 856. ISO 9000 : preparing for registration / James L. Lamprecht. 857. ISO 9000 : preparing for registration / James L. Lamprecht. 858. ISO 9000 : preparing for registration / James L. Lamprecht. 859. Statistical methods of quality assurance / H.J. Mittag and H. Rinne. 860. Randall's practical guide to ISO 9000 : implementation, registration, and beyond / Richard C. Randall. 861. Randall's practical guide to ISO 9000 : implementation, registration, and beyond / Richard C. Randall. 862. Randall's practical guide to ISO 9000 : implementation, registration, and beyond / Richard C. Randall. 863. The team approach to quality / Karl A. Shilliff, Paul J. Motiska. 864. Quality assurance : the route to efficiency and competitiveness / Lionel Stebbing. 865. Quality assurance : the route to efficiency and competitiveness / Lionel Stebbing. 866. Quality assurance : the route to efficiency and competitiveness / Lionel Stebbing.

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AUCTION LIST M-25/2008 - 172 Lot No. Item No. Description Quantity
1399. 1400. 1401. 1402. 1403. 1404. 1405. 1406. 1407. 1408. 1409. 1410. 1411. 1412. 1413. 1414. 1415. 1416. 1417. 1418. 1419. 1420. 1421. 1422. 1423. 1424. 1425. 1426. 1427. 1428. 1429.
Accredited institutions of postsecondary education, programs, candidates. National faculty directory / data compiled by CMG Information Services. National faculty directory / data compiled by CMG Information Services. National faculty directory / data compiled by CMG Information Services. National faculty directory / data compiled by CMG Information Services. National faculty directory / data compiled by CMG Information Services. National faculty directory / data compiled by CMG Information Services. National faculty directory / data compiled by CMG Information Services. National faculty directory / data compiled by CMG Information Services. National faculty directory / data compiled by CMG Information Services. British education guide = . Degree course guides. Degree course offers / by Brian Heap. Degree course offers / by Brian Heap. Degree course offers / by Brian Heap. Degree course offers / by Brian Heap. Degree course offers / by Brian Heap. Directory of higher education. Education guide : directory of members of the Education Counselling Service / The British Council. Education year book. Graduate studies. Which degree. Which degree. Which degree. Which degree. Which university. : universities, colleges / [compiled by] Tony Allan. Japanese colleges and universities. American universities and colleges. American universities and colleges. American universities and colleges. The Careers counsellor's job book and further and higher education guide / Careers Research and Advisory Centre.
AUCTION LIST M-25/2008 - 173 Lot No. Item No. Description Quantity
1430. 1431. 1432. 1433. 1434.
1435. 1436. 1437. 1438. 1439. 1440. 1441. 1442. 1443. 1444. 1445. 1446. 1447. 1448. 1449. 1450. 1451. 1452. 1453. 1454. 1455. 1456. 1457. 1458. 1459. 1460.

AUCTION LIST M-25/2008 - 177 Lot No. Item No. Description Quantity
1538. 1539. 1540. 1541. 1542. 1543.
1545. 1546. 1547. 1548. 1549.
1551. 1552. 1553. 1554. 1555. 1556. 1557. 1558. 1559.
IEEE trial-use standard for computing system tool interconnections/ sponsor, Standards Coordinating Committee of the IEEE Computer Society. UNIX system V commands : programmers' rapid reference / Baird Peterson. UNIX System V libraries : programmer's rapid reference / Baird Peterson. The UNIX and X command compendium : a dictionary for high level computing / Alan Southerton, Edwin C. Perkins. The UNIX and X command compendium : a dictionary for high level computing / Alan Southerton, Edwin C. Perkins. The UNIX and X command compendium : a dictionary for high level computing / Alan Southerton, Edwin C. Perkins. IEEE standard for a software quality metrics methodology / sponsor, Software Engineering Standards Subcommittee of the Technical Committee on Software Engineering of the IEEE Computer Society. IEEE standard for a software quality metrics methodology / sponsor, Software Engineering Standards Subcommittee of the Technical Committee on Software Engineering of the IEEE Computer Society. Workgroup computing series. Distributed databases. The Encyclopedia of physics / edited by Robert M. Besancon. : II Manual for pharmacy technicians. Bailliere's comprehensive veterinary dictionary / D.C. Blood & Virginia P. Studdert anatomical tables by John Grandage consultants John H. Arundel. [et al.]. Bailliere's comprehensive veterinary dictionary / D.C. Blood & Virginia P. Studdert anatomical tables by John Grandage consultants John H. Arundel. [et al.]. The McGraw-Hill recycling handbook / Herbert F. Lund, editor in chief. The McGraw-Hill recycling handbook / Herbert F. Lund, editor in chief. Transportation noise reference book / edited by P.M. Nelson. 125th anniversary of the Hong Kong Fire Services, 1868-1993 = / [Hong Kong Fire Services]. Machinery's handbook / by Erik Oberg, Franklin D. Jones, Holbrook L. Horton and Henry H. Ruffel Robert E. Green, editor. Machinery's handbook / by Erik Oberg, Franklin D. Jones, Holbrook L. Horton and Henry H. Ruffel Robert E. Green, editor. Mechanical engineers's handbook Mechanical engineers's handbook Mechanical engineer's handbook / edited by Myer Kutz.
AUCTION LIST M-25/2008 - 178 Lot No. Item No. Description Quantity
1563. 1564. 1565. 1566. 1567.

Zimbabwe / Paul Tingay. Malaysia / [Karl-Heinz Reger, Albrecht G. Schaefer, Gerd Simon]. Hungary / [Amalia Morgenstern. et al.]. China / [Engelbert Altenburger. et al.]. Sweden / Mary Alderton. Milan and the lakes / [Jack Altman]. Atlanta / edited and produced by Martha Ellen Zenfell photography by Bob Krist. Cuba / edited and Tony Perrottet and Joann Biondi photography by Eduardo Gil. [et al.]. US national parks east / edited by John Gattuso managing editor, Martha Ellen Zenfell. US national parks west / edited by John Gattuso managing editor, Martha Ellen Zenfell. Edinburgh / edited by Brian Bell photography by Douglas Corrance. Puerto Rico / [written by Larry Luxner]. Canton, Guangzhou & surroundings / [written by Michel Gelenine]. British Columbia, Vancouver / [written by Joel W. Rogers]. Toronto / [written by Joanna Ebbutt]. Quebec / [written by Alice Klement]. South Africa / Peter Joyce. Australia / Bruce Elder. Ireland / [original text : Ken Bernstein additional text : Hugh Oram, Sinead Doody]. Venice / [Paul Murphy]. Dublin / [Jack Messenger and Brigitte Lee]. Copenhagen / [Vernon Leonard]. Florence / [Neil Wilson]. Kenya / Dave and Val Richards. Los Angeles / [Donna Dailey]. Namibia / Bill & Andrea Revilio. Sweden / Doreen Taylor-Wilkie. Western Germany / James Bentley Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei / written and researched by Charles de Ledesma, Mark Lewis and Pauline Savage. Brazil : the rough guide / written and researched by David Cleary. [et al.] additional updates by Claudia Erthal and George Meszaros. East of Bali : from Lombok to Timor / text and photographs by Kal Muller edited by David Pickell. Guatemala, Belize & Yucatan : La Ruta Maya / Tom Brosnahan.
AUCTION LIST M-25/2008 - 190 Lot No. Item No. Description Quantity
1928. 1929. 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. 1934. 1935. 1936. 1937. 1938. 1939. 1940. 1941. 1942. 1943. 1944. 1945. 1946. 1947. 1948. 1949. 1950. 1951. 1952. 1953. 1954. 1955. 1956. 1957. 1958. 1959.
Turkey / Bernard Mc Donagh atlas, maps and plans by John Flower Beijing / [text : Don Cohn. [et al.] editors : Cherry Barnett and John Oliver]. Sydney : a Lonely Planet city guide / Jon Murray. Jamaica : a visitor's guide / Harry S. Pariser. Baja California : a Lonely Planet travel survival kit / Wayne Bernhardson, Scott Wayne. Spectrum guide to Maldives Fodor's pocket Puerto Rico / [editor, Melanie A. Roth]. Visitor's guide, Switzerland / John Marshall. Southern Caribbean Michael's Frankfurt / Managing editor : Michael Shichor series editor : Amir Shichor. Michael's Florence / Managing editor : Michael Shichor series editor : Amir Shichor. Hawaii : a travel survival kit / Glenda Bendure, Ned Friary. Indonesia. Mexico / John Noble. [et al.]. /. Java : garden of the East / edited by Eric Oey. Underwater Indonesia : a guide to the world's greatest diving / Kal Muller edited by David Pickell. Honolulu : a lonely planet city guide / Glenda Bendure, Ned Friary. Vienna / Mark Honan. Korea / Robert Storey, Geoff Crowther. Morocco / Damien Simonis, Geoff Crowther. The villages of England / Richard Muir. Texas / Dick J. Reavis photography by Will Van Overbeek. Frommer's comprehensive travel guide : San Francisco '95 / by Dan Levine. Frommer's comprehensive travel guide : Washington, D.C. '95 / by Rena Bulkin. Frommer's comprehensive travel guide. Colorado North Africa / Damien Simonis. [et al.]. Western Australia / Jeff Williams. Africa : a Lonely Planet shoestring guide / Geoff Crowther. [et al.]. Britain : a Lonley Planet travel survival kit / Richard Everist, Bryn Thomas, Tony Wheeler. Jakarta : a Lonely Planet city guide / Peter Turner. Frommer's comprehensive travel guide : Minneapolis & St. Paul / by Lucille Johnsen Stelling, assisted by Del Stelling.

Serviceable but may not function properly 1. Noise Defender for Computer Printer Box-001 Type (AV/AF0253) 2. Viewsonic VP 150M 15 LCD Monitor (CE/AD0458) 3. 15 TFT LCD Monitor (CE/AD0477) 4. SAMTRON SC-428 SVGA Color 14 Monitor (CE/AD0516) 5. HP 1100 Laserjet Printer (CE/AE0001) 6. Printer Dot-Matrix (CE/AE0013) 7. IBM PS/Value Point Di 6384F3K-3.5 & 5 FDD 80486 SX25MHz $MB RAM 120MB HDD (CE/AH0497) 8. IBM Netvista M42 w/P4 1.8Ghz, 256MB RAM, 40GB HDD (CE/AH1061) 9. Personal Computer, Vectra PIII 866MHz with 256MB RAM, 40GB HDD (CE/AH1195) 10. Personal Computer, Net Vista A40 w/PIII 733 MHz, with 256MB RAM, 40 GB HDD (CE/AH1196) 11. Feeder Cut Sheet for Pinwriter NEC P3900 (OE/AI0027) 12. Chair Computer Deep Red (FU/AG0726)
No. ( ) No. ( ) No. ( ) No. ( ) No. ( ) No. ( ) No. ( )
AUCTION LIST M-25/2008 - 200 Lot No. Item No. Description Quantity
GLD File Ref.: GR/4/1582/2008 Department/ : Education Bureau (Ref.: L/M(133) to FIN/S/G15(16)) DDC Ref : EDB269/S15/08 Division / Quality Assurance Division / Section Inspection Section Location : Room 3221, 32/F., Wu Chung House, 213 Queens Road East, Wanchai, Hong Kong. Contact Officer : Miss MING at 3540 6954

3540 6954

Serviceable but may not function properly IBM ThinkPad 390E C366 64MB Fujitsu Lifebook C6632 PIII, 1GHz IBM PC300 PL P-II 400 with IBM GMonitor Ricoh IS450D Scanner HSM Paper Shredder, Strip
Nos. ( ) No. ( ) Set ( ) No. ( ) Nos ( )
GLD File Ref.: GR/4/1582/2008 Department/ : Education Bureau (Ref.: L/M(133) to FIN/S/G15(16)) DDC Ref : EDB345/S18/08 Location : Tuen Mun Government Primary School Siu Hong Court, Tuen Mun, N.T. Contact Officer : Mr. WU at 2465 1662
Serviceable but may not function properly Steel Desk 36 x 24 Wood Top Steel Desk 48 x 24
AUCTION LIST M-25/2008 - 201 Lot No. Item No. Description Quantity
GLD File Ref.: GR/4/1994/2008 Department : FEHD (Ref.: (12) in L/M (26) in FEHD S 5/2/08) Ref. : (34) in FEHD SSP(EH) 158/43 IV Location : 9/F., Un Chau Street Municipal Services Building, 59-63 Un Chau Street, Sham Shui Po, Kowloon. Contact Person : Please contact Ms. MO at 6940 Serviceable but may not function properly HP VL400 Vectra PIII866MHz Computer System (CE/AH0004) IBM PC 300GL PIII 450 64/6400 (CA/AH0938) HP VL400 Vectra PIII 866MHz Computer System (CE/AH0967) IBM Net Vista A40 PIII 733 128/10 (CE/AH0001) IBM Net Vista M41 6792-KHM w/P4 1.5GHz, 128 MB RAM, 20GB HDD, 10/100 Ethernet Card, 48X CD ROM (CE/AH0097) IBM Net Vista M41 6792-KHM w/P4 1.5GHz, 128MB RAM, 20GB HDD, 10/100 Ethernet Card, 48X CD-ROM (CE/AH1111) 14 SVGA colour monitor Brand: HP (CE/AD0062) 14 color monitor Brand: Compaq (CE/AD 0359) 15 monitor Brand: IBM (CE/AD 0369) IBM Gmonitor Brand: IBM (CE/AD 0337) Monitor Brand: IBM (CE/AD 0157) 14 SVGA colour display 1024i Brand: HP (CE/AD 0127) 15 CRT monitor Brand: Compaq (CE/AD 0501) Display Monitor Brand: HP (CE/AD 0334)