FS 20/25 OPERATORS MANUAL 901-10037001 Issue 1.1 June 2002
FS 20/25 Operators Manual List of Contents

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Kongsberg Simrad Mesotech Ltd Products Warranty Policy
Effective January 1, 2002
Kongsberg Simrad Mesotech Ltd. Warrants each new product (equipment) to be free of defects caused by faulty materials or poor workmanship for a period of twelve (12) months for underwater equipment and twenty-four (24) months for surface equipment from date of installation by an authorized Kongsberg Group Company, Simrad Distributor, Dealer or Agency. The warranty does not apply to defects caused by, force majeure events or misuse, including water damage to the surface equipment, improper maintenance and installation, including excessive wear and tear for which Kongsberg Simrad mesotech Ltd. Is not responsible.

Underwater Equipment:

Warranty for underwater Equipment that is hull mounted such as those mentioned below will be assessed on a case-by case basis but shall generally not be covered by the warranty.
1. Hull Units, Soundomes assembly and echo sounder transducer 2. Transducer unit, speed, temperature and depth sensors NOTE: Additional expenses connected with replacement of transducers, such as dry- docking and diving, is not covered by this warranty.
Warranty on Parts or Equipment Replacement:
It is at the sole discretion of Kongsberg Simrad Mesotech Ltd. to either repair or replace any unit/part that fails within the limits of the Warranty Policy. The Warranty Policy is only valid on new equipment: Replacement of parts, components, and/or PCB Boards during a warranty repair does not extend the original warranty period.

Consumable Materials:

Consumable materials, such as lamps, fuses, o-rings, gasket and batteries, shall not be replaced free of charge.
Kongsberg Simrad Mesotech Ltd. Port Coquitlam, BC - Canada

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Warranty Service:
Warranty service is available worldwide through authorized Kongsberg Group Companies, Simrad Distributors, Dealers or Agencies. When requesting warranty service, you must supply the following information: 1. Proof of purchase. 2. Equipment part number and serial number. 3. Fault description and all relevant vessel information. Labour cost for the repair or replacement of any products/equipment and/or module/parts is the responsibility of the servicing agent or dealer. All customs, duties, brokerage charges and local taxes, overtime, expenses for meals, tools, launch services, ferries, lodgings, normal adjustments and routine maintenance are not covered by this warranty policy.

DISCLAIMER

Maximum liability shall not, in any case, exceed the contract price of the products claimed to be defective. Consequential damages including, but not limited to, any loss of profit, property damage or personal injury, are not covered by the warranty policy.

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LIST OF CONTENTS
Part 1...System Familiarization Part 2....Theory of Operation Part 3.... FS 20/25 System Operation Part 4...FS 20/25 Installation, System Set-Up and Test Part 5.. Troubleshooting and Maintenance Part 6....Drawings Part 7....Attachments

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MODIFICATION RECORD FS 20/25 OPERATORS MANUAL 901-10037001 Issue: 1.1 June 2002

Issue No. 1.1 1.0

Date 06.02 05.00

Initial L.F. L.F.

Comments Second Release First Release
To assist us in making improvements to the product and this document, Kongsberg Simrad Mesotech welcomes comments and constructive criticisms. Please send all such comments, in writing or by e-mail, to: Kongsberg Simrad Mesotech Ltd. Documentation Department 1598 Kebet Way Port Coquitlam, BC V3C 5M5 CANADA E-mail: vancouver.sales@kongsberg-simrad.com

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FS 20/25 Operators Manual System Familiarization
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PART 1 SYSTEM FAMILIARIZATION
1. SYSTEM FAMILIARIZATION...1.3 1.1 OVERVIEW....1.3 1.1.1 Equipment Configuration...1.3 1.1.2 System Configuration...1.4 1.1.3 Display Monitor...1.5 1.1.4 Processor Unit...1.5 1.1.5 Power Supply/TTM Interface Module..1.5 1.1.6 Deployment Housing Unit...1.6 1.1.7 Jointing Tool....1.6 1.1.8 Catch Sensors...1.6 1.1.9 Printer Option...1.6 1.1.10 Sounder Option...1.7 1.1.11 VCR Option...1.7 1.1.12 Trawl Cable, Winch and Block..1.7
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1. SYSTEM FAMILIARIZATION
1.1 OVERVIEW The SIMRAD FS 20/25 Series is a third wire trawl monitoring system for pelagic and bottom fishing trawlers. The system provides real time images from the trawl sonar head and data from the sensors to the bridge, thus maximizing the quality of the catch and reducing sea time. The FS 20 vertical trawl sonar allows the operator to see the complete net opening and operation, by displaying individual fish targets in the vertical plane, the fish school location, bottom/net location and net geometry. In addition to the vertical monitoring, the FS 25 horizontal scanning trawl sonar allows the operator to see and display the fish behavior ahead of the trawl, around the trawl opening, and look at the cod end of the trawl. The FS 25 also allows the operator to measure the spread of the trawl door, view and skim banks to avoid reefs and locate boulders on the ocean floor that may damage the trawl net. The sonar beam can be horizontally trained 360. The automatic search features and full 90 tilt capability ensures maximum control during the tow. The active motion compensation for pitch and roll comes as standard features. The addition of the trawl systems sensor module will allow the operator to monitor trawl depth, water temperature and receive information from up to 4 catch receivers indicating when the cod end fills up with fish. The FS Trawl Sonar Series is a modular system. It is operated with ease through direct access PC Mouse and Keyboard operated menus. The major benefit of the third wire trawl sonar system is that it prevents the loss of communication with the trawl as the vessel is changing course. 1.1.1 Equipment Configuration A complete Trawl Monitoring System consists of: Simrad LCD or VGA display monitor. FS 20/25 HP PC Processor. FS 20/25 PWR/TTM Interface Module TS 15, Vertical 120kHz, 330kHz, 675kHz Trawl Sonar Head FS Sensor Module 1800m FS 925, 90 kHz Horizontal Scanning Sonar Head Deployment Housing and Installation materials nd 2 Remote Station, Catch Sensor, Color Printer, and VCR (optional) These components are described in the following sections.

These Icons are used to start the sonar images recording and stored in a data files bank, the stored data files can be Played Back at a later date. The Pause Icon will stop the sonar playback images. You can also Fast Forward play the sonar images.
901-10037001/1.1 Page 3.8 3.2.9 Scan Reverse
The Scan Reverse Icon is used to change the direction of rotation of the sonar head you have selected. 3.3 HEAD AND DISPLAY SETTING
The Head setting Icon is used to set up the system setting of the sonar head you have selected, i.e. Scan Mode, Transmit Pulse, Power, TVG setting, Baud Rate, Sensors, Net Sounder and Gain. The Head setting section will also provide the sonar head information you have connected to the system on the Info Page.
The Display Settings Icon is used to set up the Palette styles, Sector View, Grid, Cursor 1, and 2, and the display Gain, and Catch Sensors. 3.4 CURSOR
The Cursors Icon is used to enable the cursor 1, and cursor 2, when you activate the Cursors Icon a dialogue window will be displayed on the sonar image.
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3.5 TOOL BAR ACCESSORIES

In addition we have incorporated additional Icon tools, i.e. Tape measure, Text Wiper, Catch Sensors, Display Sector Up and Down, Polar, Sounder, Net Opening and Magnifier,
The last two Icons on the Tool Bar are dedicated to set up your sonar picture. The first one will tile the Windows automatically in a vertical mode. The last Icon H will align the sonar picture in the center of the display screen and set it up in a High/Low resolution mode. 3.6 CATCH SENSOR
The Catch Sensor window will be displayed automatically when you click on the S Icon located on the Tool bar. To activate or de-activate individual Catch Sensor, you must go to the Display menu and select the Head Sensor and Click on the ON/OFF button. The Catch Windows may be displayed Vertically or Horizontally. 3.7 DEPTH AND TEMPERATURE GRAPHS To activate the Depth or the Temperature graphs you must click on the VIEW menu button, move the mouse pointer to the Display and click, than go to SHOW and click, than click on the Depth Graph or the Temp Graph and the selected Graph window will pup up.
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The FS 20/25 will provide at a later date translation in: Norwegian, Icelandic, Russian, Spanish, Danish, Japanese; additional languages may also be provided if requested. 3.9 HEADER MENU STRUCTURE FILE VIEW CONFIGURATION OPERATION TARGETS WINDOW HELP When you have the sonar display set on Full Screen, tool bar, Image control bar, and status bar check in the OFF position, the only mean of operating the sonar will be by using the Header Menu. The following chapters will describe each section of the Header menu structure. When you CLICK the mouse on any Header menu a window will appear including a dialogue box. Just Click on any window or dialogue text you would like to activate. 3.10 FILE SAVE IMAGE Save as a BipMap Save In: File Name: Save Save In: File Name: Save:

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4.4.18 Completing Trawl Unit Assembly...4.32 4.4.19 Mounting CATCH SENSORS...4.33 4.5 SAVE USER SETTING...4.34
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4. FS 20/25 INSTALLATION, SYSTEM SET-UP AND TEST
4.1 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE The installation of the FS 20/25 Trawl Monitoring System involves the following steps: Deciding on the locations in the wheel house for the surface units. Mounting the surface units and making the connections between the FS 20/25 HP PC Processor, the display unit, the FS 20/25 Power Supply/TTM interface unit, and other optional equipment being installed. Assembling the trawl unit. Running up the system on the test cable to verify proper installation, configure control unit, and perform initial system test. Installing the cable winch, snatch block and trawl cable, and connecting the winch slip-rings to the control unit. Mounting the trawl unit to the headrope and completing the final system test. Mounting the catch sensors to the cod-end of the trawl. 4.2 SURFACE UNIT ELECTRONICS INSTALLATION
4.2.1 Mounting of Units The display unit should be located in the wheel house in a place that provides a good view of the screen and avoids direct sunlight, if possible. Depending on the monitor that was selected, the unit may be mounted on top or recessed into the bridge console. Simrad supplied display units include the necessary mounting brackets. The FS 20/25 HP PC processor should be mounted in close vicinity to the operator's position in the wheel house and near the display unit. The unit may be mounted below or recessed into a cabinet. Note: You must have access to the ON/OFF switch. The Power Supply/TTM interface module supplied with the system may be mounted on top of the bridge console or recessed and flush mounted into the bridge console. Sufficient space should be left around the control unit for proper ventilation.
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Optional equipment for interface to the control unit may be mounted in any convenient location provided the user supplied interconnect cables are of sufficient length and the required power is available. 4.2.2 Power Considerations The display unit, generally, will require 110 VAC or 220 VAC. Depending on the capabilities of the unit chosen, it may automatically detect the supply voltage or the unit may have to be ordered for the correct voltage. The FS 20/25 HP PC processor will operate from either 110 VAC or 220 VAC. Voltage selection must be selected, a voltage input selector switch is located at the rear of the unit. Failure to select the proper Input voltage will damage the internal power supply The FS 20/25 Power Supply/TTM module can be operated with either 110 VAC or 220 VAC. Selection of the supply voltage is done by moving the voltage selector card located in the power entry module at the rear panel. Details on selecting the proper voltage are indicated on the voltage card. You must position the indicator pin location to the desired voltage. The safety fuses must also be changed to the proper rating. Refer to Paragraph 4.2.7 for more detail. 4.2.3 Connecting a Display Unit Either a VGA monitor CRT type or a Simrad LCD monitor may be connected to the FS 20/25 HP PC processor. Depending on which type of monitor is used, the video output type must be set accordingly. An industry standard VGA monitor will connect directly to the miniature DB-15 connector located on the rear panel of the control unit. The FS20/25 HP PC has a DualHead video interface card installed as standard equipment. You must set up your display software as per your requirement. If you have only one monitor, simply plug your monitor cable into the monitor connector marked Connector 1 on the adapter card, or Video A port. If you are using two nd monitors, you must connect the 2 monitor in the Connector 2 on the adapter card, or Video B port. Note: The FS20/25 HP PC must be is turned OFF prior connecting the video monitors An HP User Guide manual is provided with the system, including a Recovery CDROM. With this CD you can recover your system as delivered, run HP diagnostics. Note: The DualHead software is installed at the factory, you only have to set up your monitor configuration as per Windows 2000. See Part 7 Attachment for set-up

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Note! Incorrect placement of the retaining rings and locating pin or the guide bracket on the sonar head, or the failure to install these parts, may result in movement of the sonar head that could damage the transducer and/or drive shaft and result in water damage to the entire unit. Liberal amounts of Dow Corning #55 grease should be applied to all connector surfaces before mating so that a water tight seal is obtained. The locking sleeve should then be hand-tightened. Note Dow Corning #55 grease must be applied to all mating surfaces of underwater connectors to insure proper sealing. Sufficient grease should be applied so that excess squeezes out with any air when the connectors are mated. RTV or any other sealant must NOT be used, and when tightening the locking sleeves, do NOT use a wrench or pliers! See chapter 5, "Troubleshooting and Maintenance", for proper connector maintenance. 4.4 SYSTEM SET-UP AND TESTING USING TEST CABLE Initial power-up, set-up and test of system should be made with the trawl unit, in the wheel house, connected to the PWR/TTM module using the supplied test cable. The 3-pin MS connector of the test cable is attached to the connector labelled Trawl Cable on the rear panel of the PWR/TTM unit. The other end of the test cable is plugged into the 2-pin connector on the sonar head of the trawl unit. 4.4.1 Start Up 1. Check that the system has been properly installed and that all connections have been made to the PWR/TTM, and the HP/PC processing unit. 2. First turn on the PWR/TTM interface module. The voltmeter should display approximately 112 volts if on FS 20 setting, 200 volts if on FS 25: setting and approximately 56 volts if on TEST setting. The current meter should read approximately 0.15 0.7 amps if everything is okay. 3. Next turn on the display monitor, and then turn on the HP/PC. The system will start up automatically.
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4.4.2 Power-Up Configuration For the system to operate properly, the trawl unit configuration must be selected correctly. In addition, modification of these power-up configuration parameters is done in a special mode selected after power-up of the HP/PC processor unit. The following sections describe the process of configuring these parameters. These steps must be followed only when the system is powered-up for the first time or when you have to replace the HP/PC processing unit or the TTM Module assembly. 4.4.3 FS 20Start-up Procedure For the purpose and demonstration on the Start-up Procedure in this chapter, we are using an HP/PC processing unit that has only 2 Com ports, Com 1 and Com 2. The Com 1 port from the HP/PC processing unit is connected to the FS20/25 TTM module RS 232 port A. No connection is made to the Com 2 or to the B port of the TTM module. We will be using a TS15 S 330kHz Trawl Sonar Head with the 200kHz net sounder option and an FS3300 sensor module. The first step after a successful power up is to configure the system for the desired User Setting operating mode and set-up, if not already done; you will automatically select Generic. Clicking on Generic or clicking on specific types of fishery does this. Refer to the following window.

By clicking on the appropriate key, you will be turning the catch sensor ON or OFF. The Depth and temperature can also be changed. Note: The Heads Sensors will be turn ON automatically when you CLICK on the S Icon located on the Tool Bar. You can turn ON or OFF the catch Sensors individually if required. The Catch Alarm may be turn ON or OFF using this menu by clicking in the appropriate check box. The same operation will apply to the TS 15 S sounder. Note: The Catch, Depth and Temp will not apply to the FS 25 window.
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4.4.9 FS 20 Head Setting Position the cursor on the CONTROL HEAD key, (The one with the small sonar head located on the TOOL BAR) and CLICK. The following window below will pop up.
By clicking on the appropriate KEY, you will be able to setup your Scan option. You also have full control of the Scan mode via the operator control panel.
Mote: The Tilt and Stabilization is only available on the FS25 System.
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By selecting and clicking on the Transmit key on the above window, the following window will pop up.
By clicking on the appropriate key, you will be able to setup your Transmitter configuration in order to optimize fish detection. The same operation will apply to the TS 15 S sounder and the FS 25 Windows
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4.4.11 TVG Page Setting By selecting and clicking on the TVG Page key on the above window, the following window will pop up.
By clicking on the appropriate key, you will be able to setup your TVG setting. You also have the option of customizing your TVG setting for a specific fishery.
The same operation will apply to the TS 15 S Sounder and the FS 25 windows.
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4.4.12 Info By selecting and clicking on the INFO key on the above window, the following window will pop up.
This INFO page will provide you with all the relevant information on the sonar head attached to the system.
The same window will apply to the FS 25 System
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4.4.13 Auxiliary Transducer (Net Sounder) By Clicking on the Auxiliary Transducer key on the above window, the following window will pop up.
By Clicking on the appropriate key, you will be able to control the TS 15 S sounder option. Note: The Auxiliary Transducer window is only applicable to the TS 15 S Sounder option.
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4.4.14 Auxiliary TVG Page Setting ( Net Sounder) By selecting and clicking on the Aux. Head TVG on the above window, the following window will pop up

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The plastic strain relief attached to the trawl cable is now placed in the trawl unit housing containing the electronics and the excess cable is routed in the housing as shown in Chapter 6 Drawings. Care must be taken to insure that all cables within the trawl unit housing are properly placed to avoid being pinched and possibly damaged. The top half of the trawl unit housing is then placed on top and the unit is secured together with the bolts supplied. Finally, the dome is secured over the Vertical Sonar Head transducer with four additional bolts. The fully assembled trawl unit is now ready for mounting to the trawl headrope in the chosen manner. 4.4.19 Mounting CATCH SENSORS Proper mounting of the catch sensors on the cod-end is shown in drawing # 830056482 (see chapter 6, Drawings). The fill of the cod-end and the sensitivity of the sensors is dependent upon the number of mesh knots between the catch sensor and the rubber straps. Make sure that the sensor is mounted in the correct direction with the transducer pointing towards the trawl unit (the metal lid pointing aft). Caution! Make sure that the chains do not strain the net when the cod-end is being filled with fish. This is controlled by stretching the net to capacity in the direction which is relevant AFTER THE SENSORS HAVE BEEN MOUNTED TO THE TRAWL. The purpose of the chains is to prevent the sensor from turning, and as an insurance against loss should the rubber straps break. Mounting the chains too tight can result in the fastening ears being ripped off.
If a system with four catch sensors has been ordered, sensors numbered 1 and 2 can be used on the trawl and the other two sensors kept for reserve. For deep trawling, and when fish is abundant, it can be advantageous to mount three or four catch indicators in such a way that cod-end filling can be monitored continuously to insure that the trawl is hauled back in time.
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4.5 SAVE USER SETTING After you have completed your system configuration, you should SAVE your setting. Go to the Header Menu and Click on Configuration. Next Click on USERS, then Click on DEFINE. The following window will pop up.

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5. TROUBLESHOOTING AND MAINTENANCE

5.1 INTRODUCTION

This document is intended to provide a minimum level of instructions for the proper handling, maintenance and troubleshooting of the FS Trawl Monitoring System. The information is applicable to both the FS 20 and FS 20/25 systems. 5.2 SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The Simrad FS Trawl Monitoring System (both FS 20 and FS20/25 consists of wheelhouse electronics and a trawl unit. The wheelhouse electronics include the display unit, the FS 20/25 HP PC processing unit, and the PWR/TTM interface unit. The trawl unit electronics includes the sonar head, sensor module, catch receiver and up to four catch sensors. In addition to the above equipment, but not supplied by Simrad, the system requires a winch with slip rings, and a trawl cable for connection of the FS trawl unit to the wheelhouse electronics. The system configurations for FS 20 and FS 20/25 are similar, but there are some important differences. These differences are discussed in the following sections. 5.2.1 FS 20/25 System
The FS 20/25 PWR/TTM unit contains the Power Supply Module to provide the 60,120 or 200 Vdc @ 1A maximum for powering the trawl unit electronics, by means of a rotary switch; voltage supplied and current draw are displayed on the front panel voltage and ampere meters. The PWR/TTM unit also contains the Low-Frequency Telemetry Adapter Sub-assemblies, LF 1 and LF 2. For an FS20 system there would only be an LF1 Sub-assembly installed; an FS20/25 would have both. These Sub-assemblies serve a dual role; they are part of a digital link to establish communication with the PC via the COM Port(s), as well as the direct analog link to rd the Trawl Head via the 3 wire (or test cable). With the either the FS 20 or the FS 20/25 systems, the trawl cable connects directly to the PWR/TTM unit rear panel. The COM Ports for the PC link are also on the rear panel
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Trawl Cable Requirements

For whatever cable type and length used, the following specifications must be met for operation with the Simrad FS Trawl Monitoring system: Cable Closed Loop Resistance: Signal Attenuation Through Cable: <100 <40 dB (1/100 signal amplitude) @ 55 kHz <20 dB (1/10 signal amplitude) @ 12 kHz
The cable closed loop resistance determines the maximum voltage drop along the trawl cable. For proper operation, the trawl unit electronics require 55 - 140 Vdc @ 1A maximum. For typical operation, the current is approximately 300mA with peaks to 500mA. Compensation for signal losses over the long trawl cable is done automatically within the HP/PC processor unit each time it is powered up. In this way, changes to the cable losses do not affect the intensity of the sonar return displayed. 5.3 HANDLING & MAINTENANCE

End of Fishing Season The trawl unit package should be opened and the components cleaned with fresh water. The sonar head and sensor module should be inspected for corrosion or damage. Service all connectors and cover them with plastic. Store units in a dry, clean area. Every Twelve (12) Months Heavy usage or Every Two Years Return the sonar to a qualified Simrad service facility for inspection of connectors, seals and shaft assembly. Have parts replaced as required. Every Four Years Both the sonar head and the sensor module should be returned to a qualified Simrad service facility for re-calibration and upgrade to the latest specifications, and inspection of connectors and housings for damage.
5.3.2.3 Connector Maintenance Proper connector maintenance is crucial to the prevention of connector failure that may result in failure of the sonar system and possible water damage to the sonar head or sensor module. The following steps should be taken whenever the connectors are assembled, or at regular intervals as outlined in the Maintenance Schedule section above. Wipe connectors clean of old grease and dirt with a lint-free cloth. Inspect the connectors metal contacts and sealing surfaces for corrosion, wear or damage. If any found, return unit to a qualified Simrad service facility for replacement of the connector! Apply liberal amounts of Dow Corning 55 grease to each of the connector prongs and to the sealing surfaces of the connectors. Do not use a silicone rubber adhesive sealant! Press connectors together until fully seated. Excess grease and any trapped air should be squeezed out of the connector sockets. Hand-tighten the locking sleeve. Do not use a wrench or pliers! When separating the connectors, avoid wrenching or bending connector. Caution! Failure to correctly maintain connectors may cause damage to the system and will void warranty.
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5.3.2.4 Excessive Impacts Though the FS Trawl Unit is designed for the harsh fishing environment, excessive impacts to the trawl unit or the individual components may damage them. With the older fiberglass trawl housing, excessive impacts to the trawl unit usually resulted in physical damage to this housing. However, with the newer, more durable urethane housing, excessive impacts to the trawl unit may NOT cause physical damage to either the trawl housing or the exterior of the individual electronic units, but may result in damage to the electronics. Note! As with all electronics, careful handling of the trawl unit will reduce the likelihood of FS failures. 5.3.2.5 Corrosion If, on examination, corrosion has occurred to the sonar head or the sensor modules metal parts, these areas should be cleaned well and the area sealed with paint or a sealant to prevent continuation of the corrosion in this area. If corrosion is occurring with connectors or connector socket inserts, have them replaced. Caution! If corrosion is allowed to continue, flooding of the unit may result. 5.3.2.6 Shaft or Transducer Damage The transducer and shaft should be inspected for damage. If the transducer has experienced an impact, this could bend the shaft and eventually allow water into the motor housing assembly. If the shaft is bent, the unit should be returned to a qualified Simrad service facility for replacement of the shaft seal assembly. Note! If both the sonar head and sensor module are correctly installed in the trawl unit, with proper placement of retaining rings and locating pin/bracket, then damage to the transducer and shaft should never occur.

The voltage and ampere meters are useful for monitoring the trawl unit power requirements. For the most benefit, these meters are mounted on the front panel of the PWR/TTM unit next to the trawl voltage selection switch for continuous monitoring. When the system is first installed, and initial run up of the deployment package is done using the test cable, voltage levels and current values should be recorded after the PWR/TTM unit is turned on, and power is supplied to the deployment package. After the full system is running in normal operating mode (i.e., with range and scan speed set to values normally used during fishing), voltage levels and current draw should again be observed and recorded. This first part would confirm the operation of all components of the system on the test cable and establish a set of known conditions and readings that should be consistent and remain constant until one of the components is replaced, at which time you would repeat this process. You will now switch over from the test cable to the 3 wire and repeat the process of recording voltage levels and current draw for both situations described above (PWR/TTM unit alone and then with the full system up and running). Typical values will vary depending on the type of system (i.e. deployment package with various combinations of head types and sensor modules) installed. To facilitate monitoring of this information, these values should be recorded on the chart provided in Part 7. Attachments.
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Realize that each 3rd wire cable is unique. The important thing to know is that if readings start to vary from your initial recorded values, and you start having problems with your system, this may be your first indication of a problem with the cable, pigtail, slip rings, etc. Any changes in the recorded meter values during normal operation may indicate a potential problem, even if the unit continues to operate properly. Common causes are: Current Meter Jitters This is commonly due to dirty, wet or worn winch slip rings that cause current spikes on the trawl cable when the winch is rotating. A test for slip ring problems is to slow down the winch (at high winch speeds you will not see jitter on the current meters) and check if the current meter is jittering and whether the jitter rate changes with the winch speed. Increase in Current Gradual increases in the trawl unit current may be due to either the trawl cable or the trawl unit electronics. A higher cable closed loop resistance, due to cable damage, poor splices, poor winch slip rings or water in the cable, may reduce the voltage supplied to the sonar head below the required level for the head connected. This will result in the sonar head drawing more current. Alternatively, there may be a problem in the sonar head or sensor module that causes additional current draw. To diagnose this problem, a current reading should be made with the system running on the test cable, both with and without the sensor module. If the current reading, with both the sonar head and sensor module connected, is higher than a previous value obtained on the test cable, then the problem is likely with the trawl unit electronics. If the current is higher with both, but the same as previously measured with only the sonar head, then the sensor module may be faulty, otherwise the problem is with the sonar head. If the current readings are the same on the test cable as previously obtained, then the trawl cable and winch slip rings should be checked.

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Trawl Cable Gain

Signals passing through a length of cable are attenuated by an amount dependent on the type and length of cable used. The FS Trawl Monitoring system will apply gain to the signals to compensate for the cable losses. With both the FS20 and FS20/25 systems, the cable gain compensation has been automated. Each time the system is powered up (or when a system calibration is performed), the gain levels are set in the PWR/TTM unit translation module LF1 and LF2 Sub-assemblies by the processor unit. The transmit pulses from the sonar heads are monitored and the gain is increased until the received signal is normalized to a standard level. That is why you hear the transducers pinging during the system calibration sequence.
The resulting gain is displayed in the Head Settings Window as two integer values separated by a comma. Each value is an integer from 0 to 255, with a larger value corresponding to higher gain. The values each represent an 8-bit number that is used to establish the gain levels on the LF1 and/or LF2 Telemetry Sub-assemblies. You can observe the Head Setting Window by Clicking on View, highlighting Display and then Clicking on Head Settings.
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Cable Gain Calculations To illustrate how you can evaluate these Cable Gain numbers, lets assume that your system gave the above as Cable Gain numbers for the FS20 Vertical Head (LF1) on an 8 service test cableCable Gain 6,44 Number A = 6 Number B = 44 A general rule of thumb formula for establishing real time cable attenuation (for which the system is compensating) is as follows: Cable Attenuation (dB) = 20 log [ (Number A x Number B) / 36]
In the above example, the cable gain numbers would produce the following result: Cable Attenuation (dB) = 20 log [(6 x 44)/36] = 20 log [7.33] = 17.3 dB
The key thing to note here is that the calculated attenuation is < 40 dB (which is one of the system specifications). If over a period of time, you notice that the cable gain numbers are getting larger, the calculated attenuation will start to approach 40 dB. Once it goes beyond 40 dB, the system will not be able to compensate and you will start getting telemetry errors or outright system failures. There is a direct relationship between a degrading 3rd wire and the cable gain. By periodically checking the cable gain compensation numbers and comparing it to a previously recorded value, the condition of the trawl cable can be monitored. 5.4.4 System Error Messages

In the normal operation of the FS Trawl Monitoring system, commands are sent from the processor unit down the trawl cable, to the trawl unit electronics and acknowledgments are then sent back up to the processor unit. Telemetry errors can result from noise induced on the trawl cable due to interference, or problems with the trawl cable or trawl unit electronics. Though a few telemetry errors are quite common and acceptable, an excessive number of errors will adversely affect the sonar operation and may indicate a problem that will eventually cause a system failure.
901-10037001/1.1 Page 5.14
To observe if the system has experienced errors over a given period of time, you can go to View, highlight Message Log and Click beside Visible. The following example of the System Message Log has been enlarged to show details such as description, severity and full date/time information. This example shows that an FS20/25 System ran up to the fully operating condition, error free. If the system continues to operate error free, there will be no changes made to this window. If there are errors occurring, they will be displayed, along with an error code, description of it and the time it occurred. The error checking process is much more involved with the PC based system than with the previous MKI/MKII Processors. The errors displayed can be digital in nature, which would indicate a fault between the PC and PWR/TTM unit, or analog type faults, which would be a problem between the PWR/TTM and head(s). The message logs themselves are saved to a file, which can be downloaded to a floppy disk and forwarded by e-mail to a service facility while the boat is at sea, to aid in fault diagnosis. This is considered one of the primary system trouble-shooting tools.
901-10037001/1.1 Page 5.15

TROUBLESHOOTING

In the event the Simrad FS Trawl Monitoring system does not operate correctly, care must be taken to properly diagnose the cause of the failure. Quite often the failure is thought to be with the FS electronics when the actual cause is due to the winch slip rings, or the trawl cable. The following sections provide helpful advice on troubleshooting the FS system. 5.5.1 System Tools
The system tools available for troubleshooting the FS system are: Test Cable Provided with every FS Trawl Monitoring system, the test cable enables the FS system to be tested without the winch slip rings or full trawl cable. This provides a quick and simple means of checking whether the problem is with the FS electronics or not. Power Supply Unit Voltage and Current Meters The power supply unit meters allow the trawl cable voltage and current to be continuously monitored. When a fault is detected the meter values should be noted and current meter behavior observed. Jitter in the current meter may indicate current spikes due to the winch slip rings. Higher or lower values than normal (typical values: 120 Vdc, 250 - 350 mA) may indicate additional losses in the trawl cable due to physical or water damage, bad splice, etc., or problems with the trawl unit electronics. The meters can also indicate if one of the heads is having difficulty powering up properly, by having the current fluctuate from zero to a level, back to zero and repeating this cycle continuously. Message Error Log Refer to Section 5.1.1 Monitoring Cable Gain Refer to Section 5.4.3 The usefulness of these tools is greatly enhanced when they are used on a regular basis to monitor system performance. Records of past system performance, when units were operating properly, provide a basis for comparison that may assist in diagnosing the problem when an FS system fails.

No Head Connection/Detection -PWR/TTM LF Sub-assembly problem
901-10037001/1.1 Page 5.20
Problem Message Log Errors Message Log Errors Message Log Errors
Action/Possible Cause ID 256 indicates some problem with the Vertical Section (LF1 or COM1) ID 512 indicates some problem with the FS925 Section (LF2 or COM2) As mentioned, there is an error code with the ID that can relayed to a repair facility by FAX or E Mail to aid in determining how the unit is failing
5.5.3.2 PWR/TTM Unit to Deployment Package Units (Analog) The information that is exchanged between the PC and the LF Sub-assemblies is in a digital format. The digital commands are translated into an analog format in rd the LF Sub-assemblies and sent down the 3 wire to the heads. The analog response from the heads, whether it is a command acknowledgement or sonar video rd and status, is relayed back up the 3 wire and translated back into a digital format for transmission to the PC, where it is then displayed on the monitor. Diagnosing a problem in this area is difficult; the fault could be in the LF Subassembly issuing commands and receiving responses from the head or with the head itself receiving the commands and responding. In the field, you could verify a fault in the Vertical section (LF1 Sub-assembly) by running a back up vertical head. If the second head doesnt work, the problem likely is in the PWR/TTM. The problem could also be in the FS925 head (see chart below for explanation). If the backup head does work, the problem is almost certainly in the first head. The same logic can be applied to the FS925 head, if you carry a back up FS925 on board. If not, it will almost certainly require a service representative to isolate and repair a problem in the FS925 section. There will be specific head problems and symptoms discussed in the next section.
901-10037001/1.1 Page 5.21
The following chart deals with issues referred to as analog type problems. Problem Vertical Head will not move -Problem in vertical head Vertical Head will not move -Problem in FS925 Action/Possible Cause Try backup head Backup head works, problem with first head (send for repair) Try backup head Backup head doesnt work Stop system operation, turn rd PWR/TTM off, connect 3 wire directly to vertical head (correct voltage setting on PWR/TTM) Power up, full system run up; backup OR first head works, problem is in FS925 (PreRegulator board) Service representative will have to repair FS925 Option: Run FS925 as stand alone (disable vertical head; drawback is you lose sensor module as well) Second Option: Run vertical head rd (with sensor module) directly from 3 wire. Do this ONLY if you have dummy plugs for the FS925 2-pin connector and 38whip connector to prevent salt water contamination Neither Backup or first head will work through the FS925 Neither Backup or first head will run rd as independent units on 3 wire Cable gain high (254:255) Will require service representative No option; vertical head unavailable until repairs made to PWR/TTM Unit Send PWR/TTM Unit ashore for repair Difficult to isolate if no backup available as a comparator

If, after testing the FS system, the trawl cable is suspected to be faulty, then it needs to be investigated to determine what and where the problem is. For problems that are not obvious, however, this can be quite difficult to do and may require someone experienced with testing trawl cables. This section provides some basic tips in troubleshooting a trawl cable, but is in no way a complete and comprehensive guide. Cable Impedance
The use of a Meggar to check the impedance of the trawl cable may be the most useful test. It can be done with or without the slip rings connected, and readings should be taken between the cables two conductors and also from each conductor to the fishing vessel hull. As a minimum, the impedance should be greater than 2 Mohms, and preferably over 6 Mohms. Caution! The FS system MUST be disconnected from trawl cable during Meggar tests to prevent possible damage to the electronics!
901-10037001/1.1 Page 5.26
If the impedance between the cables two conductors is too low, then possible problems are bad splices, water in cable, moisture in slip rings (if connected during test), or damaged cable. If the impedance between the cables conductors and the vessels hull is too low, then possible causes are damaged outer jacket on cable, bad splice, or bad slip rings (if connected during test). Closed Loop Resistance
As previously mentioned, the closed loop resistance must be less than 100 ohms for proper operation of the FS system. This test should be done with the FS system disconnected, but with the winch slip rings included. To do the test, the conductors at one end of cable should be jumpered together (shorted). An ohmmeter is then used at the other end of cable to measure the resistance between the conductors. Voltage and Current at Trawl Unit
Further checks of cable losses can be performed by measuring both the voltage and current at the trawl unit. This measurement requires the trawl unit electronics to be connected and the FS system powered up. This test is done where the trawl cable pigtail plugs into the sonar head. Jumpers will be required to breakout the signals for connection to a handheld multi-meter. Caution! There are DC voltages on the trawl cable that are capable of delivering a lethal electric shock! The minimum voltage at the trawl unit is 55 Vdc and the current should be approximately 250 mA with sonar head only connected and 325 mA with both sonar head and sensor module (current readings will vary depending on operation mode i.e., scan speed and range, etc.). This test is recommended more for a service representative than ship's personnel in the field. Test for Water In Cable
When a trawl cable is damaged or there is a poor splice, salt water can get into the cable. As a result, the cable may act as a battery, producing a small dc voltage across the conductors of the cable. This is detrimental to the operation of the FS system and all affected cable should be removed. To test for this, the trawl cable should be disconnected from the FS system and a voltage meter connected to the trawl unit end of the cable. If water is present, then

G.O.Sars

Photo by Harald M.Valderhaug. Used with permission.
The equipment supplied to G.O.Sars from Kongsberg Maritime and Simrad will allow the vessel to fulll its primary tasks.
Ship manouvering and station keeping Positioning of towed sensors and propelled underwater vehicles Seabed investigations for marine geology purposes Marine habitat mapping Fish stock assessments
The Simrad history in Fishery Research
Simrad has developed specialiced hydroacoustic instruments for the shery research community since 1959. We are the world wide leading manufacturer of such instruments. Close cooperation with the Institute of Marine Research in Bergen, Norway, has led to a number of important milestones, especially the introduction of the Echo Integrator in 1970. The acoustic knowledge and technology aquired throughout the development of scientic echo sounders and sonars are implemented in all Simrad sh nding equipment.
The following is a list of historical Simrad events related to releases of new scientic equipment for shery research vessels.
1959 - The very rst shery research sonar, 580-10, including echo sounder and sonar on 11 and 30 kHz. It was installed on three vessels; G.O.Sars, Johan Hjort and David Starr Jordan.
1968 - The rst generation EK scientic echo sounder with calibrated output at 12, 18, 38 and 120 kHz.
1970 - The rst rack version, named EK-S, and the rst analogue Echo Integrator, the Simrad QM. This equipment was rst installed on G.O.Sars.
1980 - This year saw the introduction of the Simrad EK400 and the Digital Echo Integrator, the Simrad QD.
- always at the forefront of technology
1984 - The Simrad ES400 with new transducers was introduced. This was the rst system to use split beam technology for in situ target strength measurements.
1989 - The Simrad ES500 scientic echo sounder was introduced. Together with the BI500 post-processing software, this system has become the standard instruments for sh stock assessments throughout the world. The EK500 was the rst echo sounder with 160 dB instantaneous dynamic range. This all in one system included both integration and split beam, thus replacing the EK400, ES400 and QD. 2000 - The Simrad EK60 Mk.1 was released. This product included the BI500 post-processing software, now for operation on a personal computer.
2003 - Introducing the Simrad EK60 scientic echo sounder system, which now includes the new BI60 postprocessing software. This complete system for sh stock assessment use frequencies from 12 to 400 kHz.

G.O.Sars system overview

BRIDGE

Mid. freq. Multibeam

SIMRAD EN 250

SP70 Sonar

Display

SIMRAD

CUT OUT

NAVIGATION SOUNDER

(CD5442)

D SIMRA

AD SIMR

EM1002

Operator Station

SM2000 Profiler

Workstation

Post-processing

Operator Station Operator Station

C23 Ethernet

SIMRAD EA

GPT UNIT

Serial/Parallel Controller Transceiver Unit

Processing Unit

Remote control box for on/off

Multibeam Sounder Echo

EM300 Transceiver unit

Interface Controller

Transceiver unit

D EM SIMRA

Junction Box

PS018 (Slave)

PS018 (Master)

T/R Switch

Transducer 50 kHz

(CD6202B)

120kHz
ITI Trawl sonar 18-11kHz 38kHz
EM1002 Multibeam Echo Sounder
TOPAS PS018 Sub-bottom profiler

EM300 RX

EM300 TX

200kHz 70kHz 400kHz

ITI Sensors
SDP - Dynamic positioning system, used for ship thruster control and automatic station keeping HiPAP - High precision super-short baseline acoustic positioning system. Used for both position reference during station keeping, as well as for position monitoring of towed sensors or underwater vehicles deployed from the vessel. EM 300 - Multibeam echo sounder for high resolution seabed mapping. Used with water depths down to maximum 5000 meters.

EM 1002 - Multibeam echo sounder for high resolution seabed mapping. Used with water depths down to maximum 1000 meters. Topas PS018 - Narrow beam sediment parametric proler, used to investigate the structure of the sediment layers below the seabed. and will work with water depths down to 5000 meters. SM 2000 - Multibeam echo sounder used to investigate the behaviour of sh.
SP70 - Scientic sonar for the detection and tracking of sh schools. EK60 - Multi-frequency scientic echo sounder system, includes the BI60 post-processing software. Used for sh stock assessments. ITI - Wireless trawl positioning and monitoring system. FS20 - Trawl sonar
Provides up to 100 meters penetration, EN 250 - Navigation echo sounder.
855-164811 / Rev.C / January 2006